Abstract: A radiation detector includes: a first scintillator including a first end surface and a second end surface; a second scintillator including a first end surface and a second end surface; a first photodetector detects light emitted from the first end surface of each of the first and second scintillators; a second photodetector c detects light emitted from the second end surface of each of the first and second scintillators; and a position specifying unit configured to specify each radiation incident position on which each radiation has been incident in each of the first and second scintillators, wherein an area of the first end surface of the first scintillator is smaller than an area of the second end surface of the first scintillator, and an area of the first end surface of the second scintillator is larger than an area of the second end surface of the second scintillator.

Abstract: The present application discloses a detector module, which is arranged on a detector arm, comprising one or a plurality of detector units arranged in a scattered configuration, wherein each of the detector units in the detector module is installed aiming at a beam center of a ray source, thus improving imaging quality and reducing the size of a detector frame drastically.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of making an apparatus suitable for detecting x-ray, the method comprising: obtaining a substrate having a first surface and a second surface, wherein the substrate comprises an electronics system in or on the substrate, wherein the substrate comprises a plurality of electric contacts are on the first surface; obtaining a first chip comprising a first X-ray absorption layer, wherein the first X-ray absorption layer comprises an electrode; bonding the first chip to the substrate such that the electrode of the first X-ray absorption layer is electrically connected to at least one of the electrical contacts.

Abstract: A new family of neutron/gamma discriminating scintillators is disclosed that comprises stable organic glasses that may be melt-cast into transparent monoliths. These materials have been shown to provide light yields greater than solution-grown trans-stilbene crystals and efficient PSD capabilities when combined with 0.01 to 0.05% by weight of the total composition of a wavelength-shifting fluorophore. Photoluminescence measurements reveal fluorescence quantum yields that are 2 to 5 times greater than conventional plastic or liquid scintillator matrices, which accounts for the superior light yield of these glasses. The unique combination of high scintillation light-yields, efficient neutron/gamma PSD, and straightforward scale-up via melt-casting distinguishes the developed organic glasses from existing scintillators.

Abstract: An X-ray detector and an X-ray CT apparatus that facilitate collimator plate arrangement are characterized by comprising radiation detection element arrays in which a plurality of radiation detection elements detecting a radiation generated from a radiation source are arranged in a first direction and a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, collimator plates that are arranged along the first direction on the radiation source side of the radiation detection element arrays to remove scattered radiations, and collimator plate support members that have grooves supporting the collimator plate and are arranged along the second direction between the radiation detection elements.

Abstract: A surgical guidance system offering different levels of imaging capability while maintaining the same hand-held convenient small size of light-weight intra-operative probes. The surgical guidance system includes a second detector, typically an imager, located behind the area of surgical interest to form a coincidence guidance system with the hand-held probe. This approach is focused on the detection of positron emitting biomarkers with gamma rays accompanying positron emissions from the radiolabeled nuclei.

Abstract: Strontium halide scintillators, calcium halide scintillators, cerium halide scintillators, cesium barium halide scintillators, and related devices and methods are provided.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and methods for manufacturing apparatuses that differentially detect beta and/or gamma rays are described. One radiation sensor described herein has operational amplifier(s), two blocking layers capable of blocking beta rays, and two photodiodes. The first photodiode is disposed between the blocking layers and thus isolated from incident beta rays. Accordingly, the first photodiode is capable of detecting gamma rays and providing a current corresponding to detected gamma rays to an operational amplifier. The second photodiode is disposed on one of the blocking layers and is capable of detecting beta rays and gamma rays and providing current corresponding to detected beta and/or gamma rays to an operational amplifier. The operational amplifiers convert the currents into voltage pulses which are used to, for example, determine if beta and/or gamma rays are detected and the amount/level of detected rays.

Abstract: A pixel circuit comprising a photodiode, a floating diffusion, a transfer gate for electrically connecting the photodiode to the floating diffusion, and a charge storage device, wherein the charge storage device comprises an electrode which is at least partly overlaying the photodiode, and which is configured and adapted to be driven so as to influence the total capacitance of the pixel.

Abstract: An X-ray detector panel includes a plurality of photodetector wafers are arranged in a photodetector array. Each photodetector wafer comprises a sensing surface, a contact surface disposed opposite the sensing surface, and an electrical contact coupled to the contact surface. A substrate is coupled to the photodetector array such that the photodetector array is substantially surrounded by the substrate and a face surface of the substrate is substantially coplanar with the sensing surface. A scintillator is coupled to the face surface of the substrate and substantially covers the sensing surfaces of the photodetector array. A scintillator cover is substantially sealingly coupled to the face surface.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus includes a plurality of pixels for acquiring a radiation image and a plurality of sensors for detecting radiation, a processing unit for sampling outputs from sensors constituting an effective sensor group, out of the plurality of sensors, and outputting information for control of irradiation in accordance with the sampled outputs. In a first period after the irradiation to the radiation imaging apparatus starts, the processing unit excludes, from the effective sensor group, a sensor, a value corresponding to an output from which has exceeded a first threshold, out of the plurality of sensors, and in a second period after the first period, the processing unit outputs the information in accordance with outputs from the sensors constituting the effective sensor group.

Abstract: Proposed is a warning system which includes: a warning device; a display device; an IC CPU for controlling the operation of the display device and the warning device; and a master ECU for, connected to the IC CPU through a communication channel and connected to one or more warning devices through a hardware channel, controlling the operation of the warning device through the IC CPU. The master ECU includes an error detection module to monitor regularly the data validity of the communication channel, the warning device and the response of the IC CPU, and an on/off module to operate the warning device. When the error detection module detects an error in the data validity of the communication channel, the warning device and the response of the IC CPU, the master ECU controls the on/off module to operate directly the warning device using the hardware channel.

Abstract: An image pickup panel (1) includes: photodetection sections (10) each including a photodetector (11-1) and a receiver (11-2) which are integrally molded and having solder bumps (12) formed thereon, the photodetector converting received light into a current signal, the receiver converting the current signal into a voltage signal; and a wiring layer (20) including a wiring pattern installed therein and allowing the photodetection sections to be mounted thereon for respective pixels by the solder bumps, the wiring pattern being connected to the photodetection sections.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting an isotope. Embodiments can detect radioactive isotopes. Embodiments can utilize a detector that incorporates at least two sub-detectors. Each sub-detector can receive energy from an isotope and create a signal corresponding to the received energy. Each sub-detector can incorporate a detector element, such as a detector element incorporating one or more diodes, a detector element incorporating a crystal, a detector element incorporating a solid-state device, or a detector element incorporating a scintillator. The sub-detectors can be configured such that for each isotope to be detected at least two of the sub-detectors produce different output signals, or readings. In an embodiment, each sub-detector is configured such that when there are at least two sub-detectors exposed to the isotope each of the corresponding readings from the sub-detectors is different from each of the other readings.

Abstract: A straight trajectory CT device can be used in radiation imaging. The device includes: a ray-generating unit that generates a ray within a specific range of field angle; a channel for an object to be inspected though which the object to be inspected passes; a first collimator; and a ray receiving unit provided on both sides of the channel for the object to be inspected. The ray beam is received by the ray receiving unit after penetrating the first collimator and the object to be inspected in order. The ray generating unit is static and the first collimator moves in the same direction as the ray receiving unit. This direction is parallel to the channel for the object to be inspected. The device can complete computed tomography with a minimum of one ray receiving unit, thereby simplifying the structure of the device and reducing its cost.

Abstract: A radiographic image detector includes a phosphor layer, a heat shield layer, and a photoelectric converter in this order, wherein the heat shield layer has a thickness T (?m) and a thermal conductivity C (W/m·K) satisfying that C/T is from 0.004 to 5.

Abstract: An arrangement for detecting neutrons. The arrangement includes a first detector including helium that includes at least some Helium-3. The arrangement includes a second detector including helium that includes at least some Helium-4. The amount of all helium of the second detector is the same as the amount of all helium in the first detector. An associated method for providing the arrangement.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods are provided that minimize the effects of dark-current pulses. For example, in one embodiment of the invention, a method is provided where a first pixel is struck (i.e., a primary pixel). Pixels struck within a fixed time frame after the primary pixel is struck are referred to as secondary pixels. After a short fixed time frame has expired, the number of primary and secondary pixels is added. If the count exceeds a threshold, the primary pixel was activated by the first (or early) photon from a true gamma event. If the threshold is not met then it is likely the primary pixel generated a dark pulse that should be ignored.

Abstract: An x-ray imaging device include a scintillator layer configured to generate light from x-rays, a TFT detector array at the first surface of the scintillator layer to detect light generated in the scintillator, and a CMOS sensor at the second surface of the scintillator layer to detect light generated in the scintillator.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting an X-ray, the apparatus includes a detector which comprises a pixel array in which a plurality of pixels for detecting an X-ray transmitted by a body to be examined are arranged in a matrix form, a read-out unit which reads out electrical signals corresponding to the detected X-ray from the pixel array, and a reset controller which controls the pixel array to be reset after the X ray is detected, by performing switching so that the plurality of pixels of the pixel array are commonly connected to the reset power source.

Abstract: A method to determine a concentration of a target element in a sample is provide. The method comprises (i) positioning a sample containing a target element with respect to a reference material containing a reference element, (ii) simultaneously irradiating the sample and the reference material with Bremsstrahlung X-rays to thereby produce activated nuclei in the target element and to produce activated nuclei in the reference element, (iii) detecting deactivation gamma-rays' from the irradiated sample and deactivation gamma-rays from the irradiated reference material, (iv) determining a first number of detected deactivation gamma-rays from the irradiated sample and a second number of detected deactivation gamma-rays from the reference material, and (v) determining the concentration of the target element in the sample by first normalising the first number of detected deactivation gamma-rays from the irradiated sample by the second number of detected deactivation gamma-rays from the reference material.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a radiation detector is provided. The radiation detector includes a scintillator layer that converts incident radiation into lower energy optical photons. The scintillator layer includes a plurality of pixels formed by one or more dividers, and the one or more dividers form one or more radiation pathways through the scintillator layer. The radiation detector also includes a photodetector layer that detects the lower energy photons generated by the plurality of pixels within the scintillator layer and signal electronics that receive signals generated by the photodetector layer. The radiation detector also includes one or more barrier layers disposed between the photodetector layer and the signal electronics. Each barrier layer of the one or more barrier layers includes electrically conductive vias containing a high Z material that blocks radiation from the one or more radiation pathways from reaching the signal electronics.

Abstract: A fluid filtration system is shown. The fluid filtration system utilizes a one-piece or multiple piece containers having a plurality of radiation-transmissible media adapted to receive light, such as ultraviolet light, white light or other wavelength light. The radiation-transmissible media are situated in the container and at least one or a plurality of radiation sources, such as ultraviolet lamps, are situated in an array in proximity to the radiation-transmissible media. The radiation-transmissible media interrupts the flow and velocity of the fluid stream passing through the container to extend the duration of radiation for any contaminants and also provide enlarged surface areas for the contaminants to be received and ultimately exposed to the radiation. In one example, the radiation-transmissible media may be tubular or spherical sections that are hollow or solid and made of quartz.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting an isotope. embodiments can detect radioactive isotopes. Embodiments can utilize a detector that incorporates at least two sub-detectors. Each sub-detector can receive energy from an isotope and create a signal corresponding to the received energy. Each sub-detector can incorporate a detector element, such as a detector element incorporating one or more diodes, a detector element incorporating a crystal, a detector element incorporating a solid-state device, or a detector element incorporating a scintillator. The sub-detectors can be configured such that for each isotope to be detected at least two of the sub-detectors produce different output signals, or readings. In an embodiment, each sub-detector is configured such that when there are at least two sub-detectors exposed to the isotope each of the corresponding readings from the sub-detectors are different from each of the other readings.

Abstract: There is provided a light detector having a light-receiving unit including a light-receiving element of a photon-counting type that receives incident light and outputs a binary pulse indicating presence or absence of photon incidence, and an integrating unit that calculates an output value in which a total of pulse widths of pulses is integrated over a measurement period.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a mammography device including a main body, a gantry, an X-ray generator, an X-ray detector, a first rotating shaft, a supporting panel, and a pressing panel. The gantry is vertically movably connected to the main body. The X-ray generator is attached to one end of the gantry. The X-ray detector is attached to the other end of the gantry. The first rotating shaft is configured to rotate the gantry. The support panel is configured to support a patient's breast. The pressing panel is vertically movably disposed and connected to the main body. Such a pressing panel is configured to press the patient's breast on the support panel. The X-ray detector acquires 3-D images while rotating the gantry around the breast pressed by the pressing panel and the support panel.

Abstract: Provided is a polyhedral-shaped radiation counter which measures a radiation level of a radioactive material, in which sensor modules configured to measure the radiation level are disposed at vertexes of a polyhedral shape, respectively, and the sensor modules are connected to each other by rod-shaped frame members disposed in edge positions of the polyhedral shape and face parts of the polyhedral shape form an open space.

Abstract: A device for imaging an inner surface of a cavity in a workpiece includes optics with a panoramic view, and has an image transmission connection with an image sensor and a downstream evaluation device. The device also has an illumination system with a light source for illuminating an imaging region of the inner surface imaged by the optics. Further, at least one light-emitting and/or light-deflecting component of the illumination system is provided on a lens, such as in particular a front lens, of the optics.

Abstract: In order to suppress reduction in sensitivity when acquiring high-resolution data, an X-ray CT device is provided with an X-ray source that irradiates a patient with X-rays, and an X-ray detector that detects the X-rays. The X-ray detector includes a plurality of detection elements (scintillators and photodiodes) arrayed in a first direction, and a plurality of separators that separate the detection elements arrayed in the first direction respectively from each other. The separators each have a first-direction width which is a width in the first direction, first-direction widths of some separators each arrayed every predetermined number of separators being different from first-direction widths of the other separators.

Abstract: To provide an imaging device that is highly stable when exposed to radiation such as X-rays. The imaging device includes a substrate, a pixel circuit, and a scintillator which are stacked in order. The pixel circuit includes a light-receiving element and a circuit portion electrically connected to the light-receiving element. The substrate is provided with a heater. A transistor in the pixel circuit is heated by the passage of a current through the heater at times other than imaging, thus, degradation of the electrical characteristics of the transistor due to X-ray irradiation can be recovered.

Abstract: Direct write electron-beam-to-x-ray converters are described, which may be programmed to focus x-rays into an arbitrary shape to provide spatial and intensity modulation to irradiate a malady such as a tumor. An integrated structure of the electron beam to x-ray converter comprises a collimating grid containing a target fluid. The collimating grid comprises a plurality of individual cells enclosed in a housing assembly. An electron beam aimed at a selected individual cell of the collimating grid may be converted to an x-ray beam within the target fluid.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a microfabricated scintillation detector, comprising a channel structure (26) for containing a liquid scintillator material therein and flowing said liquid scintillator material therethrough. The channel structure (26) comprises first and second sets (30, 36) of adjacent channel portions (32, 38) arranged in first and second layers (34, 40) and in fluid communication with each other. The second set (36) of adjacent channel portions (38) is directed at right angles with respect to the first set (30) of adjacent channel portions (32). The first and second layers (34, 40) are stacked on top of each other with a separation layer (42) in between, integrally connecting said first and second layers (34, 40). The channel structure (26) simultaneously forms a light guiding structure for guiding scintillation light (52) towards a longitudinal end of the corresponding channel portion (32, 38).

Abstract: A scintillator crystal array that is configured to receive rays emitted by an object to be imaged and to emit light energy responsive to the received rays includes plural crystals. At least one of the crystals includes an upper surface, a lower surface, and plural sides. The upper surface may be configured to receive the rays from the object to be imaged. The lower surface is disposed opposite the upper surface. The plural sides extend between the upper surface and the lower surface. At least one side includes a roughened side surface and at least one other side includes a polished side surface.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining a photosensor substrate (236) having two opposing major surfaces. One of the two opposing major surfaces includes at least one photosensor row (230) of at least one photosensor element (232, 234), and the obtained photosensor substrate has a thickness equal to or greater than one hundred microns. The method further includes optically coupling a scintillator array (310) to the photosensor substrate. The scintillator array includes at least one complementary scintillator row (224) of at least one complementary scintillator element (226, 228), and the at least one complementary scintillator row is optically coupled to the at least one photosensor row (230) and the at least one complementary scintillator element is optically coupled to the at least one photosensor element.

Abstract: A device for continuously monitoring persons, vehicles, containers or packets comprising a device for detecting and identifying in real time a moving gamma radiation source.

Abstract: A high-resolution nuclear imaging detector for use in systems such as positron emission tomography includes a monolithic scintillator crystal block in combination with a single photomultiplier tube read-out channel for timing and total energy signals, and one or more solid-state photosensor pixels arrays on one or more vertical surfaces of the scintillator block to determine event position information.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for channel count reduction in solid-state-based positron emission tomography that multiplexes read-outs from photo-detectors using a sum delay circuit, including a sum channel and a delay-sum channel. The sum channel sums signals from sensors in an array and is digitized to extract the timing and energy information. A delay-sum channel includes a discrete delay line that introduces a known delay after each sensor, creating a time signature for the sensor, followed by a summing circuit that adds the delayed signals. The delay-sum channel is digitized using a high speed counters to extract location information. Start and Stop signals for the counter are derived when the sum channel output and the delay-sum channel output cross a pulse ID threshold, respectively. The pulse ID threshold is chosen to minimize the Compton scatter and not clip the photo-peak events.

Abstract: The present invention relates to scintillators and related devices and methods. More specifically, the present invention relates to quantum dot scintillators for use, for example, in radiation detection, including gamma-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray and neutron detection.

Abstract: A scintillator, which can prevent a data error due to light diffusion or spreading by improving light collimation, a method of fabricating the same and an X-ray detector including the scintillator are disclosed. The scintillator includes a substrate and a scintillator layer formed on the substrate and having columnar crystals and non-columnar crystals, wherein each of the columnar crystals has an aspect ratio of 80:1 or greater.

Abstract: The invention relates to a radiation detector (100; 101; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106), having a scintillator (120) for generating electromagnetic radiation (202) in response to the action of incident radiation (200). The scintillator (120) has two opposing end faces (121; 122) and a lateral wall (123) between the end faces (121; 122). The radiation detector has, in addition, a photocathode section (130) that is located on the lateral electrons wall (123) of the scintillator (120) and that generates electrons (204) in response to the action of electromagnetic radiation (202) that is generated by the scintillator (120), a microchannel plate (161; 162) comprising a plurality of channels (165), for multiplying the electrons (204) that have been generated by the photocathode section (130) and a detection system (171; 172) for detecting the electrons (204) that have been multiplied by means of the microchannel plate (161; 162).

Abstract: The disclosure has one object to provide a radiation tomography apparatus of a low price that facilitates a design change of a detector ring to suppress costs of development. The radiation tomography apparatus according to the disclosure includes a plurality of modules configured to receive detected data from different radiation detectors. Then, the modules each send and receive the detected data to and from one another, thereby sharing the detected data and counting the number of coincidence events. That is, when manufacturing radiation tomography apparatus, merely wiring the coincidence modules achieves implementation of the coincidence unit. This allows manufacturing the radiation tomography apparatus without new development of a substrate for performing coincidence. Consequently, the radiation tomography apparatus of a low price can be provided with suppressed costs of the development.

Abstract: There is provided a radiographic imaging device including: a radiation detector including plural radiographic image acquisition pixels that are arranged in a matrix in an imaging region for capturing a radiographic image and that acquire image information representing the radiographic image by converting applied radiation into electric charges and storing the electric charges and plural radiation detection pixels that are arranged in the imaging region, that have mutually different characteristics, and that detect the applied radiation by converting the applied radiation into electric charges and storing the electric charges; and a detecting unit that uses the radiation detection pixels selectively according to the characteristics to detect a state of application of the radiation.

Abstract: To provide a radiation image detecting device providing high responsivity and high precision of an emission start judgment, an electronic cassette has a panel unit and a control unit. The panel unit has a two-dimensional array of normal pixels for accumulating signal charge upon receiving X-rays and detection pixels for detecting the X-rays. A signal processing circuit periodically samples a dose signal, corresponding to an X-ray dose per unit of time, from the detection pixels. An emission start judgment unit performs based on the dose signals of the detection pixels a first judgment process for judging whether X-ray emission has been started, and a second judgment process for judging whether a result of the first judgment process is correct. The control unit sets a second sampling cycle SP2 used in the second judgment process longer than a first sampling cycle SP1 used in the first sampling process.

Abstract: A detector of a high-energy photon, the detector including a photodetector and a detection medium that is intended to absorb a high-energy photon while generating ionization electrons and photons along a luminous phenomenon, the electrons and photons being detected by the photodetector. The detection medium is formed of molecules, having a heavy atom with an atomic number greater than or equal to 72, such that the detection medium is liquid under the operating conditions of the detector. The detector also includes a device for diverting the ionization electrons that are generated by the absorbed photon and moreover includes a collector that collects charges in order to determine the time for diverting the electrons to the charge-collector on the basis of a triggering time that corresponds to the detection of the luminous phenomenon by the photodetector.

Abstract: Photomultipliers are disclosed which comprise circuitry for detecting photo electric events and generating short digital pulses in response. In one embodiment, the photomultipliers comprise solid state photomultipliers having an array of microcells. The microcells, in one embodiment, in response to incident photons, generate a digital pulse signal having a duration of about 2 ns or less.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to detector imaging arrays with scintillators (e.g., scintillating phosphor screens) mounted to imaging arrays or radiographic detectors using the same. For example, the detector imaging arrays can include a scintillator, an imaging array comprising imaging pixels, where each imaging pixel comprises at least one readout element and one photosensor; and a first dielectric layer formed between the scintillator and the imaging layer, wherein the dielectric constant of the insulating layer is very low. Embodiments according to the application can include a second dielectric layer formed over at least a portion of the non-photosensitive regions of the array and/or a first dielectric layer, each with a dielectric constant.

Abstract: A radiation detection apparatus according to an embodiment includes: a scintillator including a fluorescent material to convert radiation to visible radiation photon; a photon detection device array having a plurality of cells each of which includes a photon detection device to detect visible radiation photon emitted from a fluorescent material in the scintillator and convert the visible radiation photon to an electric signal; and a plurality of lenses provided on cells respectively in association with the cells to cause the visible radiation photon to be incident on the photon detection device in an associated cell.

Abstract: A radiation detector is disclosed that includes a scintillation crystal and a plurality of photodetectors positioned to detect low-energy scintillation photons generated within the scintillation crystal. The scintillation crystals are processed using subsurface laser engraving to generate point-like defects within the crystal to alter the path of the scintillation photons. In one embodiment, the defects define a plurality of boundaries within a monolithic crystal to delineate individual detector elements. In another embodiment, the defects define a depth-of-interaction boundary that varies longitudinally to vary the amount of light shared by neighboring portions of the crystal. In another embodiment the defects are evenly distributed to reduce the lateral spread of light from a scintillation event. Two or more of these different aspects may be combined in a single scintillation crystal.

Abstract: A radiation image imaging apparatus includes: a sensor board in which a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements are arranged two-dimensionally; and a scintillator which converts an incident radiation into light and irradiates the light onto the photoelectric conversion elements, and a protection layer having an anti-static function is provided between the sensor board and the scintillator, and an anti-static layer having conductivity or an anti-static function is provided on a surface of the sensor board, the surface being opposite with a side facing the scintillator.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fast-neutron detector, comprising: a plastic scintillator array which includes at least one plastic scintillator unit, wherein sidewall surfaces of each plastic scintillator unit are covered or coated with a neutron-sensitive coating film. The fast-neutron detector based on such film-coated plastic scintillators according to the present invention advantageously addresses the mutual competition problem between a moderated volume and a measured volume in the prior art and can obtain a higher fast-neutron detecting efficiency.