Abstract: Disclosed below are representative embodiments of methods, apparatus, and systems for detecting particles, such as radiation or charged particles. One exemplary embodiment disclosed herein is particle detector comprising an optical fiber with a first end and second end opposite the first end. The optical fiber of this embodiment further comprises a doped region at the first end and a non-doped region adjacent to the doped region. The doped region of the optical fiber is configured to scintillate upon interaction with a target particle, thereby generating one or more photons that propagate through the optical fiber and to the second end. Embodiments of the disclosed technology can be used in a variety of applications, including associated particle imaging and cold neutron scattering.

Abstract: A scintillation detector includes: a photodetector; a scintillating material configured to emit light in response to exposure to ionization particles; an optically transparent material having a light absorption coefficient that is less than a light absorption coefficient of the scintillating material, the optically transparent material optically coupled to a surface of the scintillating material and configured to transmit the emitted light; and a reflective material at least partially surrounding the scintillating material and the optically transparent material, the reflective material configured to reflect the emitted light and direct the emitted light toward the photodetector.

Abstract: A radiation detection apparatus can include a radiation sensor having a corresponding radiation sensing region, and a photosensor that is optically couple to the radiation sensor. The radiation sensing region can include optical fibers. In an embodiment, some or all of the optical fibers can be coated. The coating can include a phosphorescent material. In an embodiment, the optical fibers can be arranged in a manner such that optical substrates have substantially no bends.

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting ionizing radiation includes a mobile telephone, including an imaging assembly, which includes a solid-state image sensor. A radiation converter is mounted in proximity to the image sensor and is configured to emit, in response to the ionizing radiation, lower-energy radiation for detection by the image sensor. A processor, contained in the mobile telephone, is configured to process images captured by the image sensor so as to assess an intensity of the ionizing radiation.

Abstract: An imaging detector includes a scintillator having a scintillator pixel that is configured to emit light. The detector also includes a photosensor that defines a photosensor pixel that is configured to absorb light emitted by the scintillator pixel. A lens is positioned between the scintillator pixel and the photosensor pixel for directing light emitted from the scintillator to the photosensor pixel. The lens is configured to converge light emitted from the scintillator pixel toward the photosensor pixel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a scintillation detector, which is largely divided into a scintillator and a photomultiplier, as a constituent element of a medical diagnostic imaging equipment, a scintillator, and a medical diagnostic imaging equipment using the same, and more specifically, to a plastic scintillator, and a scintillation detector and a medical diagnostic imaging equipment using the same wherein a plastic scintillator is provided as a scintillator constituting a scintillation detector of a medical diagnostic imaging equipment instead of a known crystal scintillator, thereby allowing easy processing of a scintillator, improving detection due to various configurations and remarkably reducing processing costs.

Abstract: In a lattice-like pixel structure in which a reflecting plate that reflects a fluorescent light from a fluorescent material-based neutron detecting sheet is arranged along a vertical axis at a regular interval, and a reflecting plate that reflects a fluorescent light is arranged along a horizontal axis at a regular interval and at a right angle with respect to a series of fluorescent plates formed arranged along the vertical axis, a lattice-like fluorescent light detecting member is formed by providing such a structure that a groove may be formed at upper half position of the vertical axis direction reflecting plate and at a center position in a vertical axis interval for accommodating a wavelength shifting fiber for vertical axis detection for detecting the fluorescent light, and a groove may be formed at lower half position of the horizontal axis direction reflecting plate and at a center position in a horizontal axis interval for accommodating a wavelength shifting fiber for horizontal axis detection for d

Abstract: A positron emission tomography scanner system that includes detector modules arranged adjacent to one another to form a cylindrical detector ring. Each of the detector modules includes an array of scintillation crystal elements, a plurality of photosensors arranged to cover the array of crystal elements and configured to receive light emitted from the array of crystal elements, and a fiber optics plate arranged between the array of scintillation crystal elements and the plurality of photosensors, the fiber optics plate including a plurality of fibers configured to guide the light emitted from the scintillation crystal to the plurality of photosensors.

Abstract: One embodiment disclosed relates a method of detecting a patterned electron beam. The patterned electron beam is focused onto a grating with a pattern that has a same pitch as the patterned electron beam. Electrons of the patterned electron beam that pass through the grating un-scattered are detected. Another embodiment relates to focusing the patterned electron beam onto a grating with a pattern that has a second pitch that is different than a first pitch of the patterned electron beam. Electrons of the patterned electron beam that pass through the grating form a Moiré pattern that is detected using a position-sensitive detector. Other embodiments, aspects and features are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus configured to detect radiation at high temperatures in a borehole penetrating the earth. The apparatus includes a scintillation material that interacts with the radiation to generate photons, at least one solid-state photodetector optically coupled to the scintillation material and configured to detect the radiation by detecting the generated photons, and at least one optical element disposed between the scintillation material and the at least one solid-state photodetector and configured to concentrate the photons generated in the scintillation material onto the at least one solid-state photodetector.

Abstract: In a scintillator of a radiation detector according to this invention, first reflectors provided in first scintillation counter crystal layer adjacent to one another have gaps wider than first reflectors provided in second scintillation counter crystal layer such that an overall width of the first reflectors in the first scintillation counter crystal layer in an arranging direction is identical to an overall width of the first reflectors in the second scintillation counter crystal layer in an arranging direction. Such construction improves spatial resolution at a side end of the scintillator.

Abstract: In a radiation detector, a scintillator converts radiations penetrating through a sensor panel to light, and the light is detected by a photosensor in the sensor panel. A reflector layer including a specular reflection and retro-reflection layers is provided on the opposite side of the scintillator to the sensor panel. The specular reflection layer specularly reflects short-wavelength components of the light from the scintillator, and lets long-wavelength components of the light pass through it. The photosensor can detect the short-wavelength components efficiently at positions close to their origins because they are guided along columnar crystals of the scintillator. Since long-wavelength components are less refrangible and tend to deviate from their origins, causing crosstalk, the retro-reflection layer retroreflects the long-wavelength components toward the sensor panel, so that the long-wavelength components also reach the sensor panel at positions close to their origins.

Abstract: A luminescence detecting apparatus and method for analyzing luminescent samples is disclosed. A detecting apparatus may be configured so that light from luminescent samples pass through a collimator, a a first lens, a filter, and a camera lens, whereupon an image is created by the optics on the charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. The detecting apparatus may further include central processing control of all operations, multiple wavelength filter wheel, and/or a robot for handling of samples and reagents.

Abstract: The invention provides a hermetically sealed scintillation crystal package with a window made of a ruggedized material such as ALON (aluminum Oxynitride) or Spinel ceramic (MgAl2O4) where the window is sealed to an external metallic housing part by a brazing or soldering process and the external housing part is welded to the housing containing the scintillation crystal.

Abstract: A method and system of constructing and assembling a radiological imaging sensor having a transparent crystalline substrate plate, such as a glass or sapphire plate, for use in assembling the radiological imaging sensor using either a clear fiber optic plate of a dark fiber optic plate with ultraviolet curable adhesives. The transparent glass substrate plate may further include at least one crystalline sapphire strip disposed in an aperture therewithin. Flexible cable connections are provided by wire bonding to the imaging die substrate.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a plurality of radiation conversion elements (32) that convert radiation to light, and a reflector layer (34) disposed around the plurality of radiation conversion elements. The plurality of radiation conversion elements may consist of two radiation conversion elements and the reflector layer is wrapped around the two radiation conversion elements with ends (40, 42) of the reflector layer tucked between the two radiation conversion elements. The reflector layer (34) may include a light reflective layer (50) having reflectance greater than 90% disposed adjacent to the radiation conversion elements when the reflector layer (34) is disposed around the plurality of radiation conversion elements, and a light barrier layer (52).

Abstract: A gamma-ray spectrometer comprising a scintillation body (34) for receiving gamma-rays and generating photons therefrom and a photodetector for detecting photons from the scintillation body and generating a corresponding output signal is described. The photodetector comprises a photocathode (26), an anode (28), and a reflecting surface (28A). The photocathode is arranged to receive photons from the source and generate photo-electrons therefrom. The anode is arranged to receive photoelectrons generated at the photocathode and is coupled to a detection circuit/amplifier configured to generate an output signal indicative of the photoelectrons received at the anode. The reflecting surface is arranged so as to reflect photons which have passed through the photocathode without interaction back towards the photocathode to provide the photons with another opportunity to interact with the photocathode, thus enhancing the overall effective quantum efficiency of the detector. The reflector may be specular or diffuse.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical imaging detector for fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging of an imaged object that can be used for tomographic imaging. The optical imaging detector comprises at least one micro-lens array with a plurality of micro-lenses. A photo detector can be located either in the focal plane of the micro-lens array or can be connected to the micro-lens array by a network of optical fibers and be located externally.

Abstract: There is provided a radiographic imaging device including: a converting layer that is flat-plate-shaped and that converts irradiated radiation into light; a light detecting substrate that is disposed at one surface side of the converting layer, and detects light converted by the converting layer; an illuminating section that illuminates light with respect to another surface side of the converting layer; and a half-mirror that is provided over an entire surface of a region, which is between the converting layer and the light illuminating section and which corresponds to a detection region at which light is detected by the light detecting substrate, the half-mirror reflecting at least a portion of light converted by the converting layer, and transmitting at least a portion of light illuminated by the light illuminating section.

Abstract: An X-ray line-scan camera utilizes an image transferring means to alter the optical path and thus eliminates the X-ray radiation damage on the electrical components of the camera system. The camera comprises a layer of scintillating material, a fiber optic face plate (FOFP) block, and an array of image sensors. One face of the FOFP block is bonded to the surface of the image sensors. The layer of scintillating material is placed on other face of the FOFP block and used to convert an impinging X-ray beam into visible light. The FOFP block is used to transfer the visible light from the scintillating layer onto the image sensor array, which in turn converts the visible light into electrical video signals. The FOFP block has a rotation angle of 32 to 40 degree relative to the impinging X-ray beam to prevent direct impingement of the X-ray beam onto the image sensors.

Abstract: A radiation detector that includes multiple adjacent modular detector segments. Each segment includes an array of scintillation crystal elements, a light guide arranged adjacent to the array of scintillation crystal elements, and reflectors arranged around a periphery of the segment so that light produced by a scintillation event in the segment is substantially confined to the segment. In one embodiment, each segment is coupled to multiple photosensors, each photosensor receiving light from at least one of the segments.

Abstract: A neutron measurement apparatus 1A includes a neutron detection unit 10, a photodetection unit 20 that detects scintillation light emitted from the neutron detection unit 10, a light guide optical system 15 that guides the scintillation light from the neutron detection unit 10 to the photodetection unit 20, and a shielding member 30 which is located between the neutron detection unit 10 and the photodetection unit 20 for shielding radiation passing in a direction toward the photodetection unit 20. Further, a scintillator formed of a lithium glass material in which PrF3 is doped to a glass material 20Al(PO3)3-80LiF is used as a neutron detection scintillator composing the neutron detection unit 10. Thereby, the neutron detection scintillator and the neutron measurement apparatus which are capable of suitably performing neutron measurement such as measurement of scattered neutrons from an implosion plasma can be realized.

Abstract: A radiation detector characterized by includes a photoelectric conversion element, a scintillation layer which converts radioactive rays to fluorescence, the scintillation layer being formed on the photoelectric conversion element, and a reflective film formed on the scintillation layer, the reflective film containing light-scattering particles for reflecting the fluorescence from the scintillation layer and a binder material binding the light-scattering particles, and having depletion portions without being filled with the binder material, the depletion portions being formed in a periphery of the light-scattering particles.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for measuring radiation levels in vivo in real time. Apparatus and methods include a scintillating material coupled to a retention member.

Abstract: A detector for detecting ionising radiation comprises a scintillator 10 selected to emit light in response to incidence thereon of radiation to be detected, at least one detector 16 for detecting said emitted light, and at least one optical waveguide 12 for transmitting said emitted light to said detector 16. The optical waveguide typically comprises a flexible solid or hollow fibre that can be incorporated into a flexible mat or into a fibre-reinforced structure, so that the detector is integrated therewith.

Abstract: A detector for detecting ionising radiation comprises a scintillator 10 selected to emit light in response to incidence thereon of radiation to be detected, at least one detector 16 for detecting said emitted light, and at least one optical waveguide 12 for transmitting said emitted light to said detector 16. The optical waveguide typically comprises a flexible solid or hollow fibre that can be incorporated into a flexible mat or into a fibre-reinforced structure, so that the detector is integrated therewith.

Abstract: Various methods and systems are provided for multi-resolution x-ray image capture. In one embodiment, a method includes repositioning an image capture assembly of an x-ray image capture apparatus from a first position to a second position, the first position corresponding to a first pixel density resolution and the second position corresponding to a second pixel density resolution; activating an x-ray source; and obtaining a digital x-ray image of a subject from an imaging sensor of the image capture assembly, the digital x-ray image having the second pixel density resolution.

Abstract: There is provided a lighting system having a high spatial resolution appropriate to a high-frequency component by evanescent waves in a negative refraction lens. The lighting system includes a light emitter thin film (106) which includes a light emitting material which emits light when an energy is applied, a cathode (101) for applying an electron beam (102) which is the energy, to the light emitter thin film (106), and a negative refraction lens (110) which is formed of a material exhibiting negative refraction, and has an optical system for projecting light emitted from the light emitter thin film (106), on an object.

Abstract: There is provided a radiation detector including: a light detecting substrate that converts light into charges; a scintillator layer that faces the light detecting substrate and converts irradiated radiation into light; and a reflecting portion that reflects light, converted at the scintillator layer, toward the light detecting substrate, and is disposed so as to face the scintillator layer and so as to be able to be displaced relative to the scintillator layer in an in-plane direction.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for detection and monitoring of radiation exposure are disclosed, utilising photoexcitable storage phosphors and reading apparatus in a number of configurations for use in homeland security, emergency response and medical fields. In one form, apparatus comprises a portable dosimeter device adapted to receive and multiple phosphor elements to allow population screening in event of mass exposure. Further forms for medical use include insertable probes and adhesive phosphor patches for use in detecting radiation exposure in medical therapy or imaging.

Abstract: A dosimeter for radiation fields is described. The dosimeter includes a scintillator a light pipe having a first end in optical communication with the scintillator and a light detector. The light pipe may have a hollow core with a light reflective material about the periphery of the hollow core. The dosimeter may further include a light source that generates light for use as a calibrating signal for a measurement signal and/or for use to check the light pipe.

Abstract: A light collecting optical fiber improves light injection efficiency into the optical fiber. The light collecting optical fiber is equipped with a plurality of optical waveguide portions and light collecting portions between the adjacent optical waveguides. The optical waveguide portion includes a core and a cladding layer surrounding the core and constitutes an optical fiber. The light collecting portion is formed in a shape bulging out in radial direction from the optical waveguide portion and is constituted so that it injects external light to the optical waveguide portion.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus is provided, including a scintillator configured to convert ionizing radiation into photons, and a photo detector including at least one graphene layer configured to detect said photons. In accordance with another example embodiment of the present invention, a method is provided, including receiving and detecting photons by a photo detector from a scintillator, said photo detector including at least one graphene layer configured to detect said photons, and transmitting information indicative of said detected photons from said apparatus to an external device.

Abstract: A radiation detection system can include optical fibers and a material disposed between the optical fibers. In an embodiment, the material can include a fluid, such as a gas, a liquid, or a non-Newtonian fluid. In another embodiment, the material can include an optical coupling material. In a particular embodiment, the optical coupling material can include a silicone rubber. In still another embodiment, the optical coupling material has a refractive index less than 1.50. In still another embodiment, the radiation detection system can have a greater signal:noise ratio, a light collection efficiency, or both as compared to a conventional radiation detection system. Corresponding methods of use are disclosed that can provide better discrimination between neutrons and gamma radiation.

Abstract: An inorganic scintillating mixture includes at least a first and a second component, each having a characteristic behavior in response to the irradiation with charged particles, such as protons and heavy ions, showing a typical Bragg peak with respect to a relative depth dose. The first component has a quenching characteristic in the Bragg peak region and the second component shows an increased efficiency in the Bragg peak region both related to a reference curve for the relative dose.

Abstract: Even when a radiation detector contacts a pipe arrangement or another member that is an object to be monitored, the damage of the detector is prevented without impairing the detection performance. An inside-tube-wall radioactive contamination monitor comprises: a rod-like light guide bar having a polygonal cross-section; a plurality of scintillators secured to the outer circumferential surface of the light guide bar; a net-like protective tube worn so as to cover the outer circumference of the scintillators with a space between the surfaces of the scintillators and the tube; and a guide portion attached to an end of the net-like protective tube, supporting an end of the light guide bar, and having a shape the diameter of which decreases as approaching the end. The monitor includes: a photoelectric conversion unit coupled to the base end of the net-like protective tube and incorporating a photoelectric conversion element; and a signal processing unit connected to the photoelectric conversion unit.

Abstract: A detector for a nuclear imaging system includes a scintillator including an array of scintillator elements and a light guide including a grid which defines light guide elements. Light from scintillations in the scintillation crystal in response to received radiation, passes through the light guide and strikes light sensitive elements of a light sensitive element array. The light sensitive element array includes larger elements in an array in the center surrounded by smaller light sensitive elements located in a peripheral array around the central array.

Abstract: A survey meter for measuring a radioactive contamination caused in an inner surface of a pipe includes a radiation detecting section and a signal processing section. The radiation detecting section includes a rod-shaped light guide unit, a reflecting portion connected to one end surface of the light guide unit, a photoelectric transfer unit, for outputting an electronic signal, connected to another one end surface of the light guide unit, and a scintillator unit provided to a circumference of the light guide unit.

Abstract: A radiation detector device is disclosed and includes a scintillation device having a scintillator crystal. The radiation detector device also includes a photosensor. Further, the radiation detector device includes an optical interface coupled between the scintillation device and the photosensor. The optical interface is electrically conductive.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for analyzing a particle beam comprising at least one detector including a fiber-optic network, the network of parallel fibers comprising at least one first plane of parallel optical fibers oriented along a first direction X; the detector is designed to produce a light signal when the particle beam passes through the fiber-optic network, an image sensor coupled with the detector so as to output a signal representing characteristics of the light signal. The invention is characterized in that the image sensor comprises a CCD or CMOS sensor, wherein the ends of the fibers of the fiber-optic network are designed to form an image of the light signal in the plane of the CCD or CMOS sensor.

Abstract: A radiation sensor includes a radiation receiver positioned in a focal plane of the final element of the projection system; a transmissive plate supporting the radiation receiver at a side facing the projection system; a quantum conversion layer to absorb light at the first wavelength incident on the transmissive plate and reradiate light at a second wavelength; a fiber optics block with a plurality of optical fibers; and a radiation detector. In the radiation sensor, the plurality of optical fibers guide light is reradiated by the quantum conversion layer towards the radiation detector. The radiation sensor can be used as a substrate-level sensor in a lithographic apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gamma-neutron detector based on mixtures of thermal neutron absorbers that produce heavy-particle emission following thermal capture. The detector consists of one or more thin screens embedded in transparent hydrogenous light guides, which also serve as a neutron moderator. The emitted particles interact with the scintillator screen and produce a high light output, which is collected by the light guides into a photomultiplier tube and produces a signal from which the neutrons are counted. Simultaneous gamma-ray detection is provided by replacing the light guide material with a plastic scintillator. The plastic scintillator serves as the gamma-ray detector, moderator and light guide. The neutrons and gamma-ray events are separated employing Pulse-Shape Discrimination (PSD). The detector can be used in several scanning configurations including portal, drive-through, drive-by, handheld and backpack, etc.

Abstract: A host lattice modified GOS scintillating material and a method for using a host lattice modified GOS scintillating material is provided. The host lattice modified GOS scintillating material has a shorter afterglow than conventional GOS scintillating material. In addition, a radiation detector and an imaging device incorporating a host lattice modified GOS scintillating material are provided.

Abstract: CT scanning of transportation containers is performed by generating X-rays at various points at the opposite sides of the containers, detecting the X-rays passing through the containers, and analyzing the data received to determine the presence of contraband. The X-rays are generated by modulating a magnetic field through which a high-energy electron beam passes to deflect the beam successively to different targets positioned around the sides of the container, while the electron beam source remains stationary. The X-rays are detected by an array of cells using X-ray responsive storage phosphor material to emit light which is sent to analyzing and comparing equipment. The targets and detectors and the cargo container are moved relative to one another to scan a selected volume of the container.

Abstract: A scintillation camera includes a scintillation material which is capable of converting high-energy radiation incident thereon and having a wavelength of X-ray radiation or shorter into optical radiation, at least one position-sensitive detector capable of detecting the optical radiation, and at least one bundle of light guides which is located in front of the detector, characterized in that the bundle of light guides is located between the detector and the scintillation material. As a result of the scintillation material being provided as a separate unit, optionally including non-scintillating light guides, selection of the materials of each of the two parts can be optimized. Thus, for example, the scintillation material is no longer hygroscopic or subject to restrictions because of the need to grow it in parallel bundles.

Abstract: An electron detection device including: one scintillator 31 having an opening through which an electron beam emitted from an electron gun passes; a plurality of photoguides 22 of the same shape, which are bonded to the scintillator and disposed symmetrically about an optical axis; and a photomultiplier tube which is connected to one side of each of the photoguides 22, the side opposing to the optical axis side, and converts light into electrical signals, the light being emitted by the scintillator 31 receiving light through the photoguide 22. The photoguides 22 are joined so as to equally divide the scintillator 31 symmetrically about the optical axis. Moreover, a position and an area of a portion bonded to the scintillator 31, in each of the photoguides 22, are the same among the photoguides 22.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a scintillation article includes a detector housing having a window cavity and a window disposed within the window cavity. The window cavity defining a window opening at an external surface of the housing that has a greater width than a width of the window, and wherein a surface of the window is directly bonded to an interior surface of the detector housing at a bond joint comprising a diffusion bond region.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a scintillator comprising a substrate covered with a layer of luminescent material, the layer of luminescent material comprising a first side in contact with the substrate and a second side, the surface of which has asperities, separated by interstices, a detection radiation emerging from the second side of the layer of luminescent material when the luminescent material is illuminated by a probe radiation through the substrate, characterized in that the second side of the layer of luminescent material is covered with a film of a coating material partially absorbing the detection radiation, and moulding itself to the asperities of the surface of the second side of the layer of luminescent material.

Abstract: The present invention describes scintillator-elements for use in X-ray detectors, the elements being shaped to ensure maximum absorption of the energy carried in by X-ray photons and to provide high position-resolution. Arrangements of such scintillator-elements in arrays and detector-systems comprising a plurality of arrays are described.

Abstract: A thin radiation detector with a high sensitivity is described. The radiation detector has light receiving elements receiving lights emitted by scintillators, performs a photoelectric conversion by using an avalanche multiplication film formed by amorphous selenium, and reads signals by using electron beams constantly discharged from a plurality of electron beam emitting sources called as a field emission array. The avalanche multiplication film formed by amorphous selenium is quite thin and has a simple structure, so it can be formed compactly and realized at a low cost. In addition, a signal amplification degree is approximately 1000 times, so an expensive low noise amplifier or a dedicated temperature adjusting mechanism is not required, and a quantum efficiency is sufficient for a wavelength of 300˜400 nm.