Abstract: An X-ray detector includes a plurality of photodiodes arranged in a matrix shape and respectively connected to switching devices, a plurality of gate lines formed in a first direction and connected to the switching devices; a plurality of data lines, wherein N data lines are formed in each second-direction column of the matrix shape, wherein N is greater than 1; and a read-out circuit connected to the plurality of data lines and configured to read out photocurrents from the plurality of photodiodes and convert the photocurrents into X-ray image data, wherein each of switching devices included in each second-direction column of the matrix shape is connected to one of the N data lines.

Abstract: Fabrication and use of an X-ray detector scan interface having separate enable and reset lines for each line (e.g., row) of pixels is described. In certain implementations, the respective enable and reset lines are connected such that activation of an enable line for a given line of pixels is concurrent with activation of a reset line for a different (e.g., preceding) row of pixels. In this manner, readout of one row of pixels is performed in conjunction with resetting the row of pixels readout in the preceding operation. In another technical implementation, a non-rectangular detector is divided into quadrants, with alternating quadrants configured for scan module or data module operations such that no quadrant has overlapping scan and data interconnections at the connection finger regions.

Abstract: In an X-ray imaging apparatus, a detection panel has monitor pixels for monitoring X-rays. A signal processor samples a dose signal of a dose per unit time of X-rays according to an output of the monitor pixels. A start detector checks whether irradiation of X-rays is started according to a result of comparison between the dose signal and a start threshold. An AEC device acquires cumulative dose from a start time of the start of irradiation of X-rays until acquisition time after a predetermined time according to the dose signal. According to the cumulative dose, a predicted time point of a reach of the cumulative dose to a target dose is estimated. A stop signal is transmitted to a radiation source controller at the predicted time point, to stop the irradiation of X-rays.

Abstract: A direct-conversion counting x-ray detector includes an analog front end. The analog front end is one-stage. The one stage includes a preamplifier and a pulse shaping unit.

Abstract: A system for acquisition of tomographic measurement data from measurement signals (S) of positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) detectors, the system comprising: a front-end electronic assembly (2) configured to convert the measurement signals (S) into digital and analog signals (DAS); a measurement electronics assembly (3) comprising time to digital converter (TDC) modules (31) configured to determine times (T) of pulses in digital signals (DS).

Abstract: An imaging apparatus comprises a detecting unit for converting radiation or light into an electric signal provided with a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix, each of the pixels including a conversion element and a switching element, a drive circuit unit for controlling a conducting state of the switching element, and a control circuit unit for controlling the drive circuit unit based on the electric signal converted by the detecting unit. The control circuit unit controls the drive circuit unit to perform steps including the drive circuit unit setting the switching elements at the conducting state row by row to acquire an offset image based on the signal accumulated in the plurality of pixels for subtraction processing of the image.

Abstract: A radiation detector includes: a radiation detecting module including a photoconductive layer containing at least one heavy metal; a voltage controller configured to detect current flowing through the photoconductive layer and control application of a voltage to the photoconductive layer based on the detected current; and a sealing part configured to seal the photoconductive layer and surround a portion of the radiation detecting module.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus comprising a plurality of sensors arrayed to form a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns on a substrate and a driving unit configured to drive the plurality of sensors row by row, wherein the driving unit performs a first operation of driving the plurality of sensors while selecting the plurality of rows in a first order, and a second operation of driving the plurality of sensors while selecting the plurality of rows in a second order different from the first order after the first operation, such that a time difference is produced between a sensor in each row and a sensor in a neighboring row from the selection in the first order to the selection in the second order.

Abstract: A detector assembly is provided that includes a semiconductor detector, a collimator and a processing unit. The semiconductor detector has a first surface and a second surface opposed to each other. The first surface includes pixels (which in turn comprise corresponding pixelated anodes), and the second surface includes a cathode electrode. The collimator includes openings, with each opening associated with a single corresponding pixel of the semiconductor detector. The processing unit is configured to identify detected events within virtual sub-pixels distributed along a length and width of the semiconductor detector. Each pixel includes (e.g., has associated therewith) a plurality of corresponding virtual sub-pixels, with absorbed photons are counted as events in a corresponding virtual sub-pixel. Absorbed photons are counted as events within a thickness of the semiconductor detector at a distance corresponding to an energy window width used to identify the events as photon impacts.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus comprises a sensor portion including a pixel array configured to acquire an image signal corresponding to radiation, and a plurality of detection elements arranged in the pixel array and configured to detect the radiation, and a readout circuit configured to read out the image signal from the sensor portion, wherein the readout circuit includes a signal processing circuit arranged to combine and process signals from the plurality of detection elements if determining the presence or absence of radiation irradiation, and to process a signal for each detection element or combine and process signals from a number of detection elements from among the plurality of detection elements, the number being less than the number of detection elements that include the plurality of detection elements, if determining a radiation dose.

Abstract: The invention relates to pixel circuit and an operating method thereof, comprising a front-end circuit comprising a single photodiode and having an output, said front-end circuit being configured for delivering on said output a photoreceptor signal derived from a light exposure of said single photodiode; a transient detector circuit configured for detecting a change in said photoreceptor signal delivered on said output; an exposure measurement circuit configured for measuring said photoreceptor signal delivered on said output upon detection by the transient detector circuit of a change in the photoreceptor signal. The invention also relates to an image sensor comprising a plurality of pixel circuits.

Abstract: The present invention provides method for manufacturing a TFT backplane and a structure of a TFT backplane.

Abstract: A method of modeling an aquatic environment or locating an acoustic source in the aquatic environment. A range-dependent medium is approximated in terms of a series of range-independent regions and obtaining single-scattering solutions across the vertical interfaces between regions. One or more acoustic waves are propagated from a known acoustic source through the range-dependent medium to one or more known seismoacoustic receivers to model iteratively the various solid and liquid layers of the range-dependent medium. Alternatively, one or more acoustic waves are reverse-propagated from one or more known seismoacoustic receivers through the range-dependent medium to determine whether an acoustic source is present within a user-defined range.

Abstract: High speed video capture and depth estimation using array cameras is disclosed. Real world scenes typically include objects located at different distances from a camera. Therefore, estimating depth during video capture by an array camera can result in smoother rendering of video from image data captured of real world scenes. One embodiment of the invention includes cameras that capture images from different viewpoints, and an image processing pipeline application that obtains images from groups of cameras, where each group of cameras starts capturing image data at a staggered start time relative to the other groups of cameras. The application then selects a reference viewpoint and determines scene-dependent geometric corrections that shift pixels captured from an alternate viewpoint to the reference viewpoint by performing disparity searches to identify the disparity at which pixels from the different viewpoints are most similar. The corrections can then be used to render frames of video.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a thin film transistor including an oxide semiconductor layer that is formed in an island shape and contains at least one or more elements among indium, gallium, zinc, and tin and oxygen, a source and a drain that are connected to the oxide semiconductor layer; a protective film of at least one or more layers that is formed in an upper layer of the oxide semiconductor layer, and an opening portion that is disposed in the protective film and has a position and a size for including a channel region or a back channel region of the oxide semiconductor layer; and a photodiode that is disposed in an upper layer upper than the oxide semiconductor layer of the thin film transistor and includes a hydrogenated amorphous silicon layer.

Abstract: Architectures for imager arrays configured for use in array cameras in accordance with embodiments of the invention are described. One embodiment of the invention includes a plurality of focal planes, where each focal plane comprises a two dimensional arrangement of pixels having at least two pixels in each dimension and each focal plane is contained within a region of the imager array that does not contain pixels from another focal plane, control circuitry configured to control the capture of image information by the pixels within the focal planes, where the control circuitry is configured so that the capture of image information by the pixels in at least two of the focal planes is separately controllable, sampling circuitry configured to convert pixel outputs into digital pixel data, and output interface circuitry configured to transmit pixel data via an output interface.

Abstract: An X-ray computer-tomography (CT) apparatus includes an X-ray detector, a reading unit, and a read control unit. The X-ray detector has a first region and a second region at least a part of which is aligned with the first region along a channel direction, the first region in which a plurality of first detection devices that detect X-rays are arranged, the second region in which a plurality of second detection devices having a width smaller in a slice direction than that of the first detection device are arranged. The reading unit reads a signal of the X-rays detected. The read control unit adjusts timing of reading signals from the first detection device and the second detection device according to difference between the size of the first and the second detection device in such a manner that time difference in the reading signals in the slice direction decreases.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improvement of strength of adhesion between a photoconductive layer and a substrate. The image sensor includes a first electrode and a protruding pattern formed around the first electrode on the substrate, a protective film having an protruded surface formed on the protruding pattern, the photoconductive layer formed on the protective film, and a second electrode formed on the photoconductive layer.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a novel optical design method for an X-ray focusing system capable of collecting all the fluxes, while applying an X-ray of a very small divergence angle to the entire surface of a rotating mirror. The method includes a step of determining the shape of a rotating mirror (3) provided with a reflection surface, the reflection surface being formed by rotating, by one turn around an optical axis (OA), a one-dimensional profile composed of an ellipse or a part of combination of the ellipse and a hyperbolic curve, the ellipse including a downstream focal point (F) serving as a light collecting point of the X-ray focusing system, and including an upstream focal point (F1) deviated from the optical axis (OA); and a step of determining the shape of a reflection surface of an annular focusing mirror (4).

Abstract: A detection apparatus includes a plurality of conversion elements, an interlayer insulating layer, and a covering layer. Each of the plurality of conversion elements includes an electrode electrically connected to a corresponding one of a plurality of switching elements and a semiconductor layer disposed on the electrode. The interlayer insulating layer is disposed so as to cover the plurality of switching elements and composed of an organic material, and has a surface including a first region and a second region located outside the first region. The electrodes are disposed on the surface of the interlayer insulating layer in the first region. The covering layer is disposed on the surface of the interlayer insulating layer in the second region and composed of an inorganic material.

Abstract: An ionizing radiation detection apparatus of the present disclosure includes a first drift electrode disposed inside a chamber and a first detection unit disposed inside the chamber so as to oppose the first drift electrode, wherein the first detection unit is configured to detect a first ionization electron produced through Compton scattering caused by an incident ?-ray inside the scattering gas, and a second drift electrode configured to emit a reference X-ray upon being excited by the incident ?-ray with a second detection unit disposed so as to oppose the second drift electrode and configured to detect a second ionization electron produced as the reference X-ray is photoelectrically absorbed by the scattering gas, and a control unit configured to compensate for a change in an amplification factor of a signal output from each of the first detection unit and the second detection unit.

Abstract: In an active matrix display device, electric characteristics of thin film transistors included in a circuit are important, and performance of the display device depends on the electric characteristics. Thus, by using an oxide semiconductor film including In, Ga, and Zn for an inverted staggered thin film transistor, variation in electric characteristics of the thin film transistor can be reduced. Three layers of a gate insulating film, an oxide semiconductor layer and a channel protective layer are successively formed by a sputtering method without being exposed to air. Further, in the oxide semiconductor layer, the thickness of a region overlapping with the channel protective film is larger than that of a region in contact with a conductive film.

Abstract: A feedback amplifier having an improved feedback network including two cross coupled switches that isolate the amplifier from extraneous undesired electrical signals present in a system or network when the amplifier is turned off (i.e., in an off-state). The cross coupled switches interconnect two feedback paths of a feedback network to enable out-of-phase differential signals to be summed and effectively canceled. Further, the feedback amplifier provides on-stage advantages to enable different amplifier characteristics and parameter to be selectively engaged by turning on or turning off certain feedback networks.

Abstract: Embodiments of methods and apparatus are disclosed that can provide a modular approach to an accessory shell for a portable DR detector that can accessorize features for various applications.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided to detect and correct for distributed X-ray detection events in which the electrical signal arising from the detection of an X-ray is distributed across more than one element of an X-ray detection array. Examples of distributed-detection events include charge sharing across adjacent boundaries between detector elements and X-ray fluorescence between detector elements. Distributed-detection events can be determined by their corresponding to a partial-detection energy that is in a range of energies great than an upper energy for noise and cross-talk and less than a lower energy for an X-ray spectrum from an X-ray source. For a distributed-detection event, the energy of the event is recorded using a sum of electrical signals from the detector elements of the event.

Abstract: An X-ray detector is disclosed, including a detection unit to generate a detection signal for incident X-ray radiation; a signal analysis module to determine a set of count rates for incident X-ray radiation based upon the detection signal and signal analysis parameters for X-ray radiation; and a switchover control unit for switching between first signal analysis parameters and second signal analysis parameters. When an amount of X-ray radiation is incident on the detection module, a first set of count rates is generated for a first time interval based upon first signal analysis parameters and a second set of count rates is generated for a second time interval based upon second signal analysis parameters, different from the first signal analysis parameters. An X-ray imaging system including the detector; a method for determining count rates for X-ray radiation; and a method for calibrating signal analysis parameters are also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting X-rays and converting the detected X-ray intensities into digital signals is disclosed. The apparatus places Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC) chips directly under a scintillator array along the X-ray beam direction and uses a shield that is placed between a photodiode substrate and an Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC) chip to block X-rays from directly reaching the dies of the ADC chips, which are sensitive to X-rays. Also an X-ray CT system utilizing the disclosed apparatus for detecting X-rays is provided.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus has a plurality of pixels including a plurality of imaging pixels for obtaining a radiation image and a detecting pixel for detecting radiation, a plurality of column signal lines, and a detection signal line corresponding to the detecting pixel. Each of the imaging pixels includes a first conversion element configured to convert radiation into an electrical signal, and a first switch arranged between the first conversion element and a corresponding column signal line among the plurality of column signal lines. The detecting pixel includes a second conversion element configured to convert radiation into an electrical signal, and a second switch arranged between the second conversion element and the detection signal line.

Abstract: In a method and control unit for activating an X-ray detector, having an X-ray sensitive sensor layer and an arrangement of pixel electrodes connected at the back to the sensor layer, an individually adjusted depletion voltage is applied to each of the pixel electrodes. The value of the depletion voltages applied to different pixel electrodes is chosen to be different such that the effective pixel sizes respectively associated with the pixel electrodes are aligned with each other.

Abstract: Ones of row addresses and column addresses of pixels in a first group are the same as those of a second group. A range of the others of the row addresses and the column addresses of the first group excludes that of the second group. A range of the others of row addresses and column addresses is included in a range of the others of the row addresses and the column addresses of the first and second groups. A portion of the range of the row addresses and the column addresses of the first group overlaps with that of the third group, and the other portion of the range of the first group does not overlap with that of the third group. Intra-group addition signals of the first, second, and third groups are obtained.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus, comprising pixels, a unit including a detecting element and a switch element, a signal line connected to the detecting element through the switch element, and a controller, the controller obtains, before a start of radiation irradiation, a first signal of the signal line with the switch element being in a non-conductive state and a second signal of the signal line with the switch element being in a conductive state, obtains, in response to the start of the irradiation, a third signal of the signal line with the switch element being in the non-conductive state and a fourth signal of the signal line with the switch element being in the conductive state, and performs AEC based on the first to fourth signals.

Abstract: A vehicle and ladar sensor assembly system is proposed which makes use of forward mounted long range ladar sensors and short range ladar sensors mounted in auxiliary lamps to identify obstacles and to identify potential collisions with the vehicle. A low cost assembly is developed which can be easily mounted within a body panel cutout of a vehicle, and which connects to the vehicle electrical and computer systems through the vehicle wiring harness. The vehicle has a digital processor which interprets 3D data received from the ladar sensor assembly, and which is in control of the vehicle subsystems for steering, braking, acceleration, and suspension. The digital processor onboard the vehicle makes use of the 3D data and the vehicle control subsystems to avoid collisions and steer a best path.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes: an illumination unit configured to irradiate a visual field area with illumination light that produces return light from a specific substance; a sensor unit having a two-dimensional surface on which a plurality of pixels is arranged for receiving the return light from the visual field area and photoelectrically converting the return light to generate electrical signals; a reading unit configured to read out the electrical signals per a specified frame cycle; a reset pulse generation unit configured to generate reset pulses for releasing electric charges accumulated in the plurality of pixels; a reset pulse controller configured to adjust timing of generating the reset pulses such that a plurality of frame cycles is included in a period between generation of two consecutive reset pulses; and an illumination controller configured to cause the illumination unit to emit the illumination light in each of the plurality of frame cycles.

Abstract: A digital radiographic detector having a radiolucent cover and housing at one or more edges of the detector allows radiographic imaging using multiple detector arrangements with overlapping edges that do not obstruct radiographic images captured thereby.

Abstract: A drive-through scanning system comprises a radiation generating means arranged to generate radiation at two different energy levels and direct it towards a scanning volume, detection means arranged to detect the radiation after it has passed through the scanning volume, and control means arranged to identify a part of a vehicle within the scanning volume, to allocate the part of the vehicle to one of a plurality of categories, and to control the radiation generating means and to select one or more of the energy levels depending on the category to which the part of the vehicle is allocated.

Abstract: Disclosed is a radiation image capturing system including a portable radiation image capturing apparatus and a portable console. The portable radiation image capturing apparatus can generate image data according to irradiated radiation and transmit the generated image data by wireless communication. The portable console includes a first wireless communication unit which can receive the image data transmitted from the radiation image capturing apparatus and a second wireless communication unit which can communicate with an external apparatus or system by wireless communication. The console gives priority to one wireless communication than the other between the wireless communication through the first wireless communication unit or the wireless communication through the second wireless communication unit.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a liquid crystal panel and a voltage adjusting method. The liquid crystal panel includes a display area and a non-display area. The display area includes a plurality of TFTs for driving the sub-pixels connected with the TFTs to display images. The non-display area is an area having a predetermined dimension configured along a rim of the display area. The non-display area includes a predetermined number of TFTs, a predetermined number of data lines along a vertical direction, a target gate line extending from at least one gate line within the display area along a horizontal direction, wherein each of the data lines connects to one TFT. Each of the target gate line connects to at least one TFT, and each of the data lines is configured for detecting leakage current of the TFTs connected with the data line.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image sensor, which is characterized by increased strength of adhesion between a photoconductive layer and a substrate, and which includes a protective film formed on the surface of a substrate having a pad electrode, a buffer layer formed on the protective film and composed of a precious metal material or an oxide material, a photoconductive layer formed on the buffer layer, and an upper electrode formed on the photoconductive layer.

Abstract: A neutron scintillator is formed of a resin-based composite. The resin-based composite includes a phosphor part (A) formed of a resin composition including inorganic phosphor particles containing at least one kind of neutron-capturing isotope that is selected from lithium 6 and boron 10 such as Eu:LiCaAlF6 and a resin, and at least one wavelength converting part (B) comprising a wavelength converting fiber or a wavelength converting sheet. In the neutron scintillator, it is preferred that the wavelength converting part (B) is enclosed in the phosphor part (A).

Abstract: A system (100) includes a photon counting detector array (116) including a direct conversion material (118) and a plurality of detector pixels (120) affixed thereto, and a split signal corrector (126) that corrects the output of the plurality of detector pixels for split signals. A method includes receiving an output signal of each of a plurality of detector pixels affixed to a direction conversion material of photon counting detector array, and correcting the output of the plurality of detector pixels for split signals. A computer readable storage medium encoded with computer readable instructions, which, when executed by a processer, cause the processor to: receive an output signal of each of a plurality of detector pixels affixed to a direction conversion material of photon counting detector array, and correct the output of the plurality of detector pixels for split signals.

Abstract: An output control unit configured to set an amplitude of a signal output to a signal line to be smaller as compared with a case where an amplification unit outputs a signal on the basis of a potential of the input node or put the amplification unit into a non-operating state is provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a readout circuit of an X-ray detector which includes a data line capacitor to store an electrical signal output from a pixel, an amplifier to amplify the electrical signal from the pixel, and a variable current load connected to an output terminal of the pixel.

Abstract: An electronic cassette is provided with a sensor panel, a housing, operation buttons, a head-bottom setting section, lamps and a memory. The sensor panel has a quadrangle imaging area, and detects an X-ray image of a patient. The housing houses the sensor panel. The operation buttons are disposed on the housing. When either one of the operation buttons is pushed down, the head-bottom setting section sets either one of adjoining two sides of the imaging area to be the head of the radiographic image in the display orientation. The display section is disposed on the housing, and displays which side is set by the head-bottom setting section to be the head of the radiographic image. The memory stores head-bottom setting information and the radiographic image in association with each other.

Abstract: A thin film transistor substrate (2) includes: an auxiliary capacitor electrode (7); a gate insulating film (8) formed on an insulating substrate (4) to cover the auxiliary capacitor electrode (7); a drain electrode (11) formed on the gate insulating film (8) and an oxide semiconductor layer (9); a planarization film (13) formed on a passivation film (12); a capacitor electrode (14) formed on the planarization film (13); an interlayer insulating film (16) formed on the planarization film (13); and a pixel electrode (17) formed on the interlayer insulating film (16) and electrically connected to the drain electrode (11) via a contact hole (18).

Abstract: A radiation image sensor includes a charge generation section and, a circuit board accumulating and transferring charge generated in the charge generation section. The circuit board includes a semiconductor substrate, a capacitive section accumulating the charge generated in the charge generation section, and a MOS transistor in the semiconductor substrate. The MOS transistor includes one end connected to the capacitive section and another end connected to a wire transferring the charge. The capacitive section includes a partial region of the semiconductor substrate, a conductor layer disposed on the partial region and electrically connected to the charge generation section, and an insulating layer interposed between the partial region and the conductor layer.

Abstract: A digital X-ray sensor having a detection layer, and a collection layer formed by pixels in the form of a CMOS ASIC, wherein the sensor is provided with a “photon-counting” function and is suitable for radiological applications, so that the best arrangement is obtained between the image quality and the radiation dose absorbed by a subject.

Abstract: A digital X-ray imaging system is provided. The digital X-ray imaging system includes an X-ray source and a digital X-ray detector. The digital X-ray detector includes a scintillator configured to absorb radiation emitted from the X-ray source and to emit optical photons in response to the absorbed radiation. The digital X-ray detector also includes multiple pixels, each pixel including a pinned photodiode and at least two charge-storage capacitors coupled to the pinned photodiode, wherein each pixel is configured to absorb the optical photons emitted by the scintillator and each pinned photodiode is configured to generate a photocharge in response to the absorbed optical photons. The digital X-ray detector further includes control circuitry coupled to each pixel of the multiple pixels and configured to selectively control a respective flow of the photocharge generated by the pinned photodiode to a respective charge-storage capacitor of the at least two charge-storage capacitors during integration.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus comprising a plurality of sensors arrayed to form a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns on a substrate and a driving unit configured to drive the plurality of sensors row by row, wherein the driving unit performs a first operation of driving the plurality of sensors while selecting the plurality of rows in a first order, and a second operation of driving the plurality of sensors while selecting the plurality of rows in a second order different from the first order after the first operation, such that a time difference is produced between a sensor in each row and a sensor in a neighboring row from the selection in the first order to the selection in the second order.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a gamma ray detector is provided. The gamma ray detector may include a converter element, configured to release an electron when a gamma ray moves at least partially through the converter element. The gamma ray detector may further include a semiconductor detector, arranged to receive the electron and configured to produce a signal when the electron moves at least partially through the semiconductor detector; and an amplifier circuit, coupled to the semiconductor detector and configured to amplify the signal produced by the semiconductor detector. In the gamma ray detector, the converter element may be arranged to at least partially shield the amplifier circuit from electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: A method for processing signals collected by pixels of a detector, each pixel being able to collect a signal under the effect of radiation to which the detector is subjected comprises: identifying a pixel, termed the affected pixel, generating a signal greater than a threshold, defining at least one adjacent pixel of the affected pixel, and, for each adjacent pixel: selecting a first comparison group associated with the affected pixel and a second comparison group associated with the adjacent pixel, the first and second comparison groups not comprising any pixel in common, comparing signals collected by each comparison group so as to determine the comparison group that has accumulated the most significant amount of signal.