Abstract: A radiotherapy dose rate monitor system includes an emitting electrode configured to be impinged by radiotherapy radiation; a collecting electrode configured to form an electrical circuit with said emitting electrode, a current measurement device configured to measure a current through said emitting and collecting electrodes indicative of a dose of said radiotherapy radiation, and a chamber enclosing a gas. Emission of secondary electrons from the emitting electrode provides a majority of the current.

Abstract: The present invention reduces measurement time. A gyroscope of the present invention includes a planar ion trap part, a microwave irradiation part, a laser irradiation part and a measurement part. The planar ion trap part includes two rf electrodes and two DC electrode rows, and forms ion traps that trap one ion on a substrate, a normal direction of the surface of the planar ion trap part corresponds to a z direction. The rf electrodes are disposed in the x direction on the substrate at a predetermined interval. The DC electrode rows are disposed in the x direction on the substrate so as to sandwich the two rf electrodes. The DC electrode rows each include at least five DC electrodes in the x direction. The trapped ions are spaced so as not to interfere with each other. The microwave irradiation part irradiates the ions with ?/2 microwave pulses.

Abstract: A radon sensor device using a polyhedral-shaped ionization chamber is proposed. The radon sensor device includes: an ionization chamber having an open side and inner sides surrounded by a first conductor and generating an electrical field therein by applying bias power to the first conductor; a cover having a first side covered with a second conductor and closing the open side of the ionization chamber such that that first conductor disposed on the inner sides of the ionization chamber and the second conductor are electrically connected; a probe unit disposed in the ionization chamber and absorbing ion charges produced when alpha (?) decay occurs in the ionization chamber; and a measurement circuit detecting an alpha particle detection signal by amplifying and processing an electrical micro-signal input from the probe unit into a predetermined magnitude.

Abstract: Preparation cell systems and methods are described herein. One example of a system for a preparation cell includes a laser coupled to a fiber bundle comprising a plurality of fibers, a preparation cell to prepare a state of laser light received by the fiber bundle, and an exiting fiber bundle coupled to the preparation cell.

Abstract: A radiographic apparatus includes an X-ray detection sensor having a two-dimensional detector plane for detecting an intensity distribution of X-rays, a body internally containing the X-ray detection sensor, a supporting member having a supporting surface for supporting the X-ray detection sensor across the detector plane and which fixes the X-ray detection sensor to an inner bottom surface of the body, and a circuit board on which is mounted a circuit for reading out a detection signal from the X-ray detection sensor. Furthermore, in the radiographic apparatus, the supporting member forms a space between the supporting member and the inner bottom surface of the body in a peripheral portion of the supporting member. At least a part of the circuit board is arranged in the space.

Abstract: A radiographic apparatus includes an x-ray detection sensor having a two-dimensional detector plane for detecting an intensity distribution of x-rays, a body internally containing the x-ray detection sensor, a supporting member having a supporting surface for supporting the x-ray detection sensor across the detector plane and which fixes the x-ray detection sensor to an inner bottom surface of the body, and a circuit board on which is mounted a circuit for reading out a detection signal from the x-ray detection sensor. Furthermore, in the radiographic apparatus, the supporting member forms a space between the supporting member and the inner bottom surface of the body in a peripheral portion of the supporting member. At least a part of the circuit board is arranged in the space.

Abstract: An ultraviolet sensor has an ultraviolet detection diode having a depletion region 18 formed in an Si layer 16 on an insulating layer 14, an interlayer insulating film 20 formed on the ultraviolet detection diode, and a wiring 24 formed on the interlayer insulating film 20. An incident angle ? (°) of an incident light entering into the depletion region 18 and a film thickness Tsi (nm) of the depletion region 18 satisfy the following formula (1), which is also shown in FIG. 14.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting at least one of neutron and gamma ray reception and outputting a signal indicative of the reception. A detector is responsive to the at least one of neutron and gamma ray reception. The detector has a cathode, an anode separated by a space from the cathode, and a gas within the separating space. Charge is generated within the gas upon the at least one of neutron and gamma ray reception at the cathode and the charge passes to the anode as a detection. A processing arrangement is operatively connected to the anode for outputting the signal indicative of the detection. A light irradiation arrangement for introducing a light irradiation causes charge within the gas that replicates the charge generated upon detection and that causes output of a signal that replicates the signal indicative of the detection.

Abstract: A dosimetry device for charged particle radiation that can be exclusive of cables and connectors between substrates is provided. A plurality of first electrodes are formed on one surface of a printed circuit board, a second electrode substrate having a second electrode opposing each of the plurality of first electrodes through an ionized space is provided, and a signal processing circuit is provided on the other surface opposing the surface of the printed circuit board. The signal processing circuit includes at least one amplifying circuit, a plurality of integrating capacitors corresponding to the amplifying circuit for integrating charge at each corresponding one of the first electrodes, and at least one selector switch that switchably connects each of the integrating capacitors to the amplifying circuit. The printed circuit board may be a multi-layer printed circuit board.

Abstract: A method for routine monitoring and quality assurance of field asymmetry of high energy circular radiation beam producing equipment. The quality assurance process of field symmetry for devices such as stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) systems is simplified by directly measuring the integration of the half-beam profile. The method of the invention provides that the field symmetry is obtained by positioning the tip of an ion chamber, with a collecting length approximately half the diameter of the beam, at the central axis of the beam, and rotating the ion chamber at varying angular positions, acquiring and comparing readings at desired angular positions. Each pair of readings from positions 180 degrees opposed from each other, are plugged into the equation, Asymmetry=2(R1?R2)/(R1+R2) to compute asymmetry.

Abstract: An apparatus for an ion trap includes an electrically conductive substrate having top and bottom surfaces and having vias that cross from the top surface to the bottom surface. The apparatus includes a pair of planar first electrodes supported over said top surface and second electrodes having planar surfaces. The planar surfaces are located over said top surface, and portions of the planar surfaces are located laterally adjacent to said planar first electrodes. One of the second electrodes includes a portion that is located in one of the vias and traverses the substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a is an improved flood source, and method of making the same, which emits an evenly distributed flow of energy from a gamma emitting radionuclide dispersed throughout the volume of the flood source. The flood source is formed by filling a bottom pan with a mix of epoxy resin with cobalt-57, preferably at 10 to 20 millicuries and then adding a hardener. The pan is secured to a flat, level surface to prevent the pan from warping and to act as a heat sink for removal of heat from the pan during the curing of the resin-hardener mixture.

Abstract: A novel phosphor represented by the general formula (Gd1−xCex)3Al5−yGayO12 (wherein x and y are values falling in the ranges of 0.0005≦x≦0.02, and 0<y<5.) was provided. The phosphor has a high luminous efficiency when Al and Ga are coexistent in the Gd-system phosphor. In particular, the phosphor with the Ga content (y) in the range of 2-3 has a luminous efficiency of twice the conventional phosphor. A radiation detector using this phosphor as ceramic scintillator is capable of obtaining a high luminous output and a very small afterglow.

Abstract: An image display medium capable of providing an image display with less change in the image density, with less change in the uniformness of the density and at stable density contrast even after repetitive rewriting over a long period of time, and an image forming apparatus using the image display medium are provided. The image display medium and image forming apparatus have a pair of facing substrates, at least two kinds of particles sealed in a space between the pair of the substrates in which the at least two kinds of particles have a characteristic that at least one kind of them is positively chargeable and at least one other kind of them is negatively chargeable, and the particles chargeable positively and negatively are of colors different from each other and a charge controller is internally added to one or both of the particles chargeable positively and negatively.

Abstract: A sensor from a carbon fiber, self-reading electrometer type of dosimeter made with a radically modified ionization chamber in order to determine the angular differential dose of ionizing radiation. The chamber is flat and its size is increased so that it is operable from intensities of 100 nGy(T) h.sup.-1 to 10.sup.4 Gy(T) h.sup.-1. This performance range can be accomplished by the addition of capacitors to reduce the dosimeter's basic sensitivity. The capacitors should be connected in parallel between the electrometer assembly and ground. Additionally, the ionization chamber is lined, or in effect "sandwiched," between a low atomic number "low Z" material and a high atomic number "high Z" material. In one embodiment, a hermetically sealed plastic housing is lined on one surface with a lead (Pb) plate and the remainder of the housing is painted on the inside except the side with the lead plate) with a carbon paint.

Abstract: A radiation monitoring system and method characterized by the use of paired active and passive radiation detectors to monitor exposure to a radiation field. The active detector provides an output representative of radiation exposure on a real time basis while the passive detector is readable on a delayed basis after exposure to radiation for a period of time to provide an output representative of radiation exposure over said period of time. Respective readers are provided for extracting the radiation exposure information from the detectors, as is a processor which determines a quantity of radiation exposure from the radiation information extracted from the detectors. The processor corrects radiation exposure data derived from one of the detectors using radiation exposure data derived from the other of the detectors.

Abstract: An ionization chamber can stably measure a weak ionizing radiation with high sensitivity. The ionization chamber comprises an electrically conductive charge collecting electrode having a magnetic substance or a permanent magnet; an electromagnet for positioning the charge collecting electrode in non-contact with the other part of the ionization chamber; a position sensor for detecting the position of the charge collecting electrode; a circuit for feedback-controlling the magnetic force of the electromagnet to maintain the charge collecting electrode at the substantially same position; and ionization current detecting circuit for detecting an ionization current collected at the charge collecting electrode by ionization due to radiation applied to the ionization chamber.

Abstract: A radiation detector array and a method for measuring the spectral content of radiation. The radiation sensor or detector is an array or stack of thin solid-electrolyte batteries. The batteries, arranged in a stack, may be composed of independent battery cells or may be arranged so that adjacent cells share a common terminal surface. This common surface is possible since the polarity of the batteries with respect to an adjacent battery is unrestricted, allowing a reduction in component parts of the assembly and reducing the overall stack length. Additionally, a test jig or chamber for allowing rapid measurement of the voltage across each battery is disclosed. A multichannel recorder and display may be used to indicate the voltage gradient change across the cells, or a small computer may be used for rapidly converting these voltage readings to a graph of radiation intensity versus wavelength or energy.

Abstract: A combined dose rate meter and charger unit therefor which does not require he use of batteries but on the other hand produces a charging potential by means of a piezoelectric cylinder which is struck by a manually triggered hammer mechanism. A tubular type electrometer is mounted in a portable housing which additionally includes a Geiger-Muller (GM) counter tube and electronic circuitry coupled to the electrometer for providing multi-mode operation. In one mode of operation, an RC circuit of predetermined time constant is connected to a storage capacitor which serves as a timed power source for the GM tube, providing a measurement in terms of dose rate which is indicated by the electrometer. In another mode, the electrometer indicates individual counts.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for charging and/or reading a capacitor associated with an electrometer incorporated in a radiation dosimeter for the purpose of initializing or "zeroing", the dosimeter at the commencement of a radiation measurement cycle or reading it at any time thereafter. The dosimeter electrometer has a movable electrode the position of which is indicative of the charge remaining on the dosimeter capacitor and in turn the amount of radiation incident on the dosimeter since it was zeroed. The charging device also includes means for discharging, immediately upon conclusion of the dosimeter capacitor charging operation, stray capacitance inherent in the dosimeter by reason of its mechanical construction. The charge on the stray capacitance, if not discharged at the conclusion of the dosimeter capacitor charging operation, leaks off during the measurement cycle, introducing measurement errors.

Abstract: A charger for ion chamber radiation dosimeters and a method of charging such dosimeters in which a dosimeter to be charged is received in a socket having electrical terminals for applying to the dosimeter an electrical charging potential developed by an electret.

Abstract: A quartz fiber electroscope shunted by a variable capacitor is periodically coupled to a radiation detection capacitor formed of material of a relatively large atomic number, e.g. aluminum, completely surrounded by a material of lesser atomic number, e.g. polyethylene. An electrical charge is induced by neutron or gamma radiation on the material of relatively large atomic number which charge is then coupled to the electroscope and variable capacitor combination. The variable capacitor is set at its maximum when the voltage is transferred from the detection capacitor. The variable capacitor is then reduced, thus raising the voltage on the electroscope with the dose being determined by the reduction in capacitance necessary to raise the indicated electrometer voltage to a predetermined magnitude. The variable capacitor includes indicia thereon which is calibrated such that the voltage change provides a direct reading of the charge transfer and consequently dosage.

Abstract: An electrometer for conventional pocket radiation dosimeters is disclosed in which the moving element of the electrometer is a carbon fiber. The fiber is spun from polyacrylonitrile homopolymer yarn and has a diameter of approximately 7 microns before carbonization. The polyacrylonitrile homopolymer fiber is conventionally preoxidized at approximately 270.degree. C before conventional carbonization at approximately 1200.degree. C. The resulting working fiber has a round cross sectional diameter of approximately 4 microns and a modulus of elasticity of approximately 15,000,000 psi. The fiber is mounted in a conventionally loop shaped electrometer frame by crimping the ends of the fiber into tabs on the frame.