Abstract: A product and process for stimulating bacterial action in an anaerobic digestion system is disclosed. The product includes an inhibitory ion regulating component and an inorganic pyrophosphate containing compound. The process includes forming a mixture of the described product, and then adding an effective amount of the product mixture to the anaerobic digestion system to stimulate and enhance bacterial growth and metabolism therein.

Abstract: Built liquid detergent compositions containing a mixture of a condensed phosphate and/or a nitrilotriacetate and zeolite 4 A become rapidly unstable at a pH between 7 and 9, which results in phase separation. Using zeolites of the Y-type results in stable products.

Abstract: Type A, especially type 4A zeolites are well adapted as detergent builders, said zeolites comprising (i) primary particles having a mean particle diameter ranging from 0.1 to 10.mu., (ii) a cation exchange capacity in excess of about 100 mg CaCO.sub.3 /g of anhydrous material, and (iii) a rate constant, relative to the surface area of the zeolite per liter of wash solution, in excess of about 0.15 s.sup.-1 lm.sup.-2. The builders are prepared by first determining the value of the rate constant for a given zeolite sample. Since a higher rate constant value corresponds to a lower degree of salt incrustation on fabrics, only those zeolites having a value above the predetermined minimum will be incorporated into detergents. Thus, zeolites otherwise appearing identical can be differentiated, with only those not causing high levels of incrustation being selected.

Abstract: Fabric cleaning/conditioning compositions of improved stability are disclosed for use through-the-wash in conjunction with machine dryers. This is accomplished by incorporating a low level of polyethylene glycol into small, discrete amine salt nodules. These nodules pass virtually unchanged through the wash and rinse; become entangled in the fabrics when spun or wrung out; and then melt, spread, and condition the fabrics when heated in a dryer.

Abstract: There is described a method for preparing a cation exchanger to remove metals from liquids they are contained in, which comprises adding to a silicic acid medium with a molecular weight which is preferably lower than 50,000, such a base which brings said medium at least to pH 8, preferably about pH 10, and forming a precipitate that comprises said cation exchanger.

Abstract: This invention relates to the immobilization of toxic, e.g., radioactive, materials in a silicate glass or silica gel matrix for extremely long periods of time. Toxic materials, such as radioactive wastes containing radioactive cations, which may be in the form of liquids, or solids dissolved or dispersed in liquids or gases, are incorporated into a glass or silica gel matrix, having alkali metal, Group Ib metal and/or ammonium cations bonded to silicon atoms of said glass or silica gel through divalent oxygen linkages, by a process which involves the ion exchange of said toxic or radioactive cations with said alkali metal, Group Ib metal and/or ammonium cations to bind said toxic or radioactive cations to silicon atoms of said glass or silica gel through said silicon-bonded divalent oxygen linkages.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the production of zeolites of the type Na A4 having the surface modified with organosilanes. The organosilane must have at least one alkoxy group bonded to the silicon atom. The modified zeolites of the invention are used in washing and cleansing agents.

Abstract: Aqueous suspensions of water-insoluble, calcium-binding aluminosilicates with an improved stability against settling comprising at least 20% by weight of at least one finely-divided, water-insoluble silicate compound having a calcium-binding power of at least 50 mg CaO/gm of anhydrous active substance and having the formula, combined water not shown(M.sub.2/n O).sub.x . Me.sub.2 O.sub.3.(SiO.sub.2).sub.ywhere M is a cation of the valence n, exchangeable with calcium, x is a number of from 0.7 to 1.5, Me is aluminum or boron, and y is a number from 0.8 to 6, and at least 0.5% by weight of a practically water-insoluble nonionic aliphatic surface-active compound having a turbidity point of a 1% solution in water of below room temperature, and the remainder an aqueous liquor. The said suspensions are pumpable and suitable as stock solution in the preparation of washing agent compositions.

Abstract: Novel compositions containing fluoride are provided for the removal of organic and heavy metal pollutants from waste waters and methods of utilizing same. The compositions comprise components selected from ion exchange absorbent gels, cements, water soluble fluoride containing salts and optionally alkali metal ortho phosphates. The procedures of the present invention yield not only clarified waters but provided a sludge which can be disposed of under environmentally acceptable conditions.

Abstract: The invention provides a granulate comprising particles having sizes substantially within the range 0.15 to 1.25 mm, the granulate consisting of:(a) about 1 to 99 weight % of partially or completely hydrated sodium tripolyphosphate containing water of hydration in a proportion of at least about 10 weight %, based on the theoretically possible water content, the anhydrous sodium tripolyphosphate containing about 20 to 90 weight % of phase-I-material prior to its being hydrated, the balance being phase-II, and(b) about 99 to 1 weight % of a water-insoluble alumino silicate ion exchanger material of the general formula(Cat.sub.2/n O).sub.x.Me.sub.2 O.sub.3.(SiO.sub.2).sub.y.zH.sub.2 Oin which Cat stands for a calcium exchangeable cation with the valency n, x is 0.7 to 1.5, Me stands for boron or aluminum, y is 0.8 to 6, and z is 1.8 to 13.5.The invention also includes a spray process for making a granulate as just specified.

Abstract: A wash cycle fabric softening composition contains a water soluble organic cationic fabric softening agent and a water insoluble molecular sieve zeolite, usually in a weight ratio of 1:1 to 1:20. The composition effectively softens fabrics, reduces or eliminates static cling and is compatible with organic detergents, providing an excellent building effect, in detergent-softener combinations, even with wash waters of high calcium hardnesses and has good, low residue deposition characteristics. The composition may also contain a water soluble organic detergent and/or a bleaching agent.

Abstract: What is disclosed is the preparation of novel silanes, their reaction products on various substrates and the use of the treated substrates to extract metal ions from solution.

Abstract: A process for making a high solids content Zeolite A-alkylbenzene sulfonate detergent composition suitable for use in making spray dried detergent compositions includes manufacturing Zeolite A by a hydrogel, clay conversion, natural silica or equivalent process so that the Zeolite A is present in an aqueous medium containing alkali metal hydroxide in solution therein, separating a substantial proportion of the aqueous medium from the Zeolite A so as to produce Zeolite A particles, usually in cake form, containing excess alkali metal hydroxide solution on particle surfaces and occluded by such particles, and at least partially neutralizing said excess alkali metal hydroxide with a high concentration aqueous alkylbenzene sulfonic detergent acid, such as a sulfonic detergent acid resulting from oleum sulfonation or sulfur trioxide sulfonation of a linear higher alkylbenzene.

Abstract: Agglomerates of water insoluble builder molecular sieve zeolites are made by tumbling or otherwise suitably mixing very finely divided ion exchanging zeolite powder and a water soluble binder, such as starch, preferably in the presence of a small amount of moisture sufficient to promote desirable agglomeration of the finely divided ion exchanging zeolite particles and the binder into essentially spherical particles, preferably in the 6 to 140 mesh range. The agglomerates are readily disintegrated when agitated in water and rapidly release the separated very finely divided insoluble builder particles to allow them to remove hardness ions from the water. The dispersible and disintegrable agglomerates are especially useful in heavy duty detergent compositions wherein the zeolite of the agglomerate provides all or a substantial proportion of the builder content.

Abstract: A free flowing particulate heavy duty laundry detergent containing no more than 8.7% of phosphorus (from phosphate) is comprised of sodium tripolyphosphate particles having nonionic detergent in the interior and on the surface thereof, which adheres a coating of smaller particles of ion-exchanging zeolite to the phosphate. Also within the invention is a method of making such a product by pre-mixing spray dried sodium tripolyphosphate particles and smaller zeolite particles and admixing with them, as by spraying, in liquid form, onto moving particles, a normally liquid or pasty nonionic detergent, such as a higher fatty alcohol polyethylene oxide condensation product, which penetrates the sodium tripolyphosphate particles and adheres zeolite particles to the surfaces thereof.

Abstract: A stable homogeneous paste detergent is provided comprising about 24% of a synthetic nonionic detergent, about 8% of sodium silicate, about 24% of a type A zeolite, about 0.2% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, about 34.7% of deionized water and about 9.1% of a synthetic anionic detergent.

Abstract: A free flowing, phosphate free high bulk density particulate heavy duty laundry detergent is prepared by spray-drying an aqueous slurry of ion-exchanging detergent building zeolite particles, sodium carbonate and sodium silicate which has been sheared to reduce the viscosity thereof, followed by mixing nonionic detergent in liquid form with the spray-dried base beads to absorb the detergent into the beads.

Abstract: A finely divided zeolite powder of high flowability is provided. This zeolite powder is represented by the formula: Na.sub.2 O.Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.nSiO.sub.2.wH.sub.2 O (n=1.8.about.3.0 and w=1.about.6) and comprises at least 99 weight % of particles having a particle size of 1-5 microns and has an aerated bulk density of from 0.3 to about 0.5 g/cc, a degree of cohesiveness of not larger than 56%, and a general flow index (expressed as the sum of indexes of the repose angle, spatula angle, compressibility and degree of cohesiveness) of from 30 to about 50. The zeolite powder is prepared by adding an alkali metal aluminate to an aqueous zeolite slurry containing 3052 wt. % of zeolite (an anhydride) and having pH of not higher than 12.8; adjusting the pH of the slurry to a value not higher than 11; and then, drying the slurry. The zeolite powder is useful as a builder for detergent.

Abstract: Stable liquid detergent compositions containing a surfactant, an aluminosilicate ion exchange material, a water-soluble detergency builder, and a stabilizing agent are prepared by dispersing the aluminosilicate material in an aqueous solution having a pH less than 7, preferably from about 4 to about 5, to partially gelatinize the aluminosilicate material, and mixing the dispersion with the balance of the ingredients to provide a stable composition having a pH greater than 7.

Abstract: A pumpable water-purifying dispersion containing iron(II)sulphate, the iron(II)sulphate being dispersed in an aqueous phase with a dispersing agent containing an alkaline earth metal and a basic anion. The best dispersion properties are obtained when the dispersing agent is calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide, whereby the resultant composition having a content of up to about 70% solid iron(II) sulphate, calculated as heptahydrate on the total weight of the composition, can be obtained and handled without difficulty. The aqueous phase can, to advantage, comprise metal ions active in water-purification, such as Fe.sup.2+, Fe.sup.3+ and Al.sup.3+.The invention also provides a method for producing the composition.

Abstract: This invention relates to heavy duty laundry detergent compositions comprising a water-soluble mixture of paraffin sulfonate detergent, olefin sulfonate detergent and sodium silicate plus a water-insoluble molecular sieve or colloidal silica.

Abstract: A low-phosphate detergent builder salt mixture consisting of(a) from 45% to 75% by weight of a water-insoluble, finely-divided, synthetic, crystalline alkali metal aluminosilicate with a calcium binding power of from 50 to 200 mg CaO/gm at 22.degree. C.,(b) from 15% to 40% by weight of sodium or potassium carboxymethyloxysuccinate, and(c) from 5% to 15% by weight of sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate; as well as use of the same in detergents in amounts of 25% to 60% by weight with the proviso that the total tripolyphosphate content in the detergent does not exceed 5% by weight.

Abstract: A solution for removing occluded and adsorbed chemicals, such as cationic preservating agents, anionic preserving agents and mixtures thereof, from contact lenses which comprises a nonionic surfactant; a cationic ion exchange resin, an anionic ion exchange resin, or mixtures thereof; water; and optionally sodium chloride. Such solutions are useful to reduce and prevent irritation of the eye of the contact lens wearer.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a granulate with a particle size essentially of about 0.2 to 2 mm consisting of(a) about 2 to 95 weight % of a partially or completely hydrated pentasodium tripolyphosphate,(b) less than 3 weight % of an ammonium polyphosphate and the balance(c) being in the form of a water-insoluble aluminum silicate ion exchanging material.The granulate can be used in detergents.

Abstract: What is disclosed is the preparation of novel silanes, their reaction products on various substrates and the use of the treated substrates to extract metal ions from solution.

Abstract: Granular detergent compositions containing an organic surfactant, an aluminosilicate ion exchange material, a water-soluble neutral or alkaline salt and a film-forming polymer soluble in an aqueous slurry of the above components are disclosed. The compositions contain no or low levels of phosphate and silicate materials, yet provide granules which exhibit superior free-flowing characteristics and solubility in the laundering solution.

Abstract: Laundry detergent compositions are provided which contain an effective textile softening agent which does not reduce their cleaning performance. The softening agent comprises a specified class of tertiary amines together with a smectite-type clay.

Abstract: Gelation and setting of desirably miscible and pumpable crutcher slurries comprising sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, zeolite and sodium silicate in an aqueous medium are retarded and often prevented by the addition to such medium of a citric material, such as citric acid and/or water soluble citrate, and magnesium sulfate. Alternatively, magnesium citrate may be employed. The addition of the citric material and magnesium sulfate (or magnesium citrate) appreciably lengthens mixing time available before setting of the mix, increasing it over such times for similar crutcher mixes not containing any anti-gelling material, or including citric material as an anti-gelling component but not incorporating magnesium sulfate.

Abstract: Non-phosphate laundry detergents in granular form having good detergency, good granular strength and little tendency to deposit zeolite on fabrics are obtained by using a combination of olefin sulfonate, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, sodium silicate and type A zeolite detergent builder.

Abstract: A free flowing phosphate-free particulate heavy duty laundry detergent is comprised of particles of a mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate having nonionic detergent in the interior and on the surface thereof, to which is adhered a coating of smaller particles of ion exchanging zeolite. The product made is exceptionally free flowing and, although the particles are relatively large, is also of high bulk density (over 0.6 g./cc.). Also within the invention is a method of making such products by contacting the particles of mixed sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate with a normally liquid or pasty nonionic detergent in the liquid state so that the detergent is largely absorbed by the particles and coats the surfaces thereof, which are then coated with powdered zeolite which adheres to the surface nonionic of the particles and makes them free flowing.

Abstract: Detergent compositions containing water-insoluble aluminosilicate ion exchange materials, organic surface active agents, sodium silicate having an SiO.sub.2 :alkali metal oxide weight ratio of from about 0.8:1 to 2.3:1, and an alkali metal metaborate. The compositions are produced by drying an aqueous slurry. The resulting compositions are effective laundry detergent in the form of crisp, free-flowing granules which are highly soluble when made and which maintain their solubility on aging.

Abstract: A composition which contains aluminosilicate detergency builder materials in an intimate mixture with an inorganic salt, a water-soluble or water-dispersable organic agglomerating compound having a melting point between 10.degree. C. and 100.degree. C., and a water soluble soap of a fatty acid.

Abstract: A free flowing, particulate detergent-softener of high bulk density is comprised of nucleus particles of builder salt, preferably a mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, having nonionic detergent in the interior and on the surface thereof, to which is adhered a coating of smaller particles of ion exchanging zeolite, and quaternary ammonium halide fabric softening compound. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the quaternary ammonium halide is "insulated" from immediate contact with laundry when the detergent-softener is added to the wash water by being added to the nucleus particles with the nonionic detergent, after which the resulting particles are coated with the zeolite powder. In another embodiment of the invention the product described is further coated with nonionic detergent and zeolite.

Abstract: A detergent composition with a mechanical cleaning effect for the mechanical cleaning of hard surfaces, particularly cooking and baking utensils, comprising a mixture of granular particles consisting substantially of(A) a powdered to granulated component of conventional mechanical dishwasher washing agents capable of rapidly dissolving or finely dispersing in water, and(B) a granulated component comprising finely divided, water-insoluble inorganic compounds having a particle size between dust fineness and 100 .mu., particularly under 10 .mu., granulated to a grain size of from 0.2 to 4 mm, preferably from 0.4 to 2 mm, and having a granular stability, as determined according to the method indicated in the disclosure, of a half value of 1/4 to 3 and an end value of not more than 15%.

Abstract: This invention relates to the immobilization of toxic, e.g., radioactive materials, internally in a silicate glass or silica gel matrix for extremely long periods of time. Toxic materials, such as radioactive wastes containing radioactive anions, and in some cases cations, which may be in the form of liquids, or solids dissolved or dispersed in liquids or gases, are internally incorporated into a glass matrix, having hydrous organofunctionalsiloxy groups, e.g., hydrous aminoalkylsiloxy or carboxyorganosiloxy, bonded to silicon atoms of said glass and/or hydrous polyvalent metals bonded to silicon atoms of said glass through divalent oxygen linkages or otherwise immobilized therein, by a process which involves the ion exchange of said toxic, radioactive anions with hydroxyl groups attached to said organofunctionalsiloxy groups or with hydroxyl groups attached to the hydrous polyvalent metal.

Abstract: A process for the production of solid, pourable, washing or cleaning agents containing surface-active compounds, builders, and calcium binding compounds, said calcium binding compounds consisting of at least one finely-dispersed water-insoluble silicate compound containing at least some combined water and having a calcium binding power of at least 50 mg CaO/gm of anhydrous active substance and the formula on the anhydrous basis(M.sub.2 /n.sup.O)x.Me.sub.2 O.sub.3.(SiO.sub.2).sub.ywhere M is a cation of the valence n, exchangeable with calcium, x is a member of from 0.7 to 1.5, Me is a member selected from the group consisting of aluminum and boron, and y is a number from 0.8 to 6, comprising the steps of mixing said silicate compound, while still moist from its production, with at least part of the remaining components of the washing and cleaning agent and converting the entire mixture of components into a pourable product.

Abstract: An inorganic ion exchanger prepared by kneading a blend of anatase type titanic acid or amorphous titanic acid with sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or phosphoric acid and water, extrusion molding the blend, and thereafter, heat treating the extruded product at an elevated temperature. The inorganic ion exchanger has high strength in water and is suitable for use in the removal or the concentration and recovery of injurious or beneficial materials contained in water.

Abstract: Gelation and setting of desirably miscible and pumpable aqueous crutcher slurries comprising zeolite (hydrated sodium aluminosilicate), sodium bicarbonate, sodium silicate and sodium carbonate are retarded and often are prevented by the addition of sodium sesquicarbonate (which also serves as a source of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate) after admixing of the zeolite, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate (if added earlier) and sodium silicate. Desirably, citric acid (and preferbly also, magnesium sulfate) is(are) dissolved in the crutcher medium before addition of the sodium sesquicarbonate but the presence(s) thereof is(are) not necessary.

Abstract: A non-water dispersible water-softening bead is disclosed having from 80 to 90% sodium alumino silicate and from 10 to 20% low density polyethylene. The bead has a diameter of between 200 and 1000 microns and a calcium capacity of at least 200 mg calcium carbonate/g. The sodium alumino silicate has a silica to aluminum oxide molar ratio of between 2:1 and 4:1 and a sodium oxide to aluminum oxide molar ratio of between 0.8:1 and 1.2:1.

Abstract: Detergent-compatible antistatic compositions are described containing a combination of cationic antistatic agents and hydrogenated triglycerides as discrete particles. Preferred compositions also include certain smectite clay materials to permit the simultaneous attainment of fabric softening, static-reduction and cleansing effects of fabrics washed therein.

Abstract: Detergent compositions containing particular water-insoluble metallo-silicate ion exchange builder materials, organic surface-active agents and a water-soluble vinyl copolymeric ingredient are provided. These compositions are capable of providing a cleaning performance, especially in hard water, which is substantially identical to what can be obtained from all polyphosphate built detergent compositions. Additionally, a process is disclosed for preparing detergent granules having improved physical properties, particularly breaking resistance and reduced dusting.

Abstract: Detergent compositions containing organic surface active agents, water-insoluble aluminosilicate ion exchange materials, sodium silicate having an SiO.sub.2 : alkali metal oxide weight ratio of from about 1.4:1 to 2.3:1, and a hydratable salt of a water-soluble weak organic acid. The composition is produced by drying an aqueous slurry. The resulting composition is an effective laundry detergent in the form of crisp, free-flowing granules which are highly soluble when made and which maintain their solubility on aging.

Abstract: A detergent composition possessing low toxicity and excellent washing power which comprises an anionic and/or nonionic surfactant having incorporated thereinto an imido-bis-sulfate and an aluminosilicate.

Abstract: An inorganic water-softening bead is disclosed having a density of from 36 to 46 lbs/cu ft consisting of at least 66% of sodium alumino silicate on an anhydrous basis; from 1 to 20% of sodium silicate; from 1 to 20% of a solubilizing agent, such as sodium sulfate; and the remainder being water. The sodium alumino silicate has a silica to aluminum oxide ratio of between 2:1 and 4:1 and a sodium oxide to aluminum oxide ratio of between 0.8:1 and 1:1. The sodium silicate has a silica to sodium oxide ratio of between 1:1 and 3.3:1.

Abstract: A non-caking and freely flowing granulated composition of high abrasion-resistance which comprises a polymer phosphate and an ion-exchanging alkali metal aluminum silicate is disclosed. At least part of the polymer phosphate in said composition is a highly condensed phosphate, preferably of a phosphorous pentoxide-content between about 64% and about 69%. Said polymer phosphate may contain sodium tripolyphosphate in an amount between about 95% and 0% by weight and preferably between 80% and 60% by weight. Such a composition may also contain a water-soluble tenside which is liquid at room temperature. The process of producing such a granulated composition comprising a highly condensed phosphate and an alkali metal aluminum silicate, comprises granulation of the mixture of polymer phosphate and alkali metal aluminum silicate by spraying water or a tenside solution thereon.

Abstract: Detergent compositions containing aluminosilicate ion exchange materials as builders are provided. The aluminosilicate builders are characterized by the speed and efficiency with which they remove hardness ions from water.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the production of zeolite A from kaolin by conversion of the kaolin into meta-kaolin followed by reaction of the meta-kaolin in an aqueous alkaline medium, wherein the conversion of the kaolin into the meta-kaolin is conducted at temperatures of between 700.degree. and 950.degree. C. in the presence of alkaline earth compounds and optionally in the presence of uncolored halides and/or halogens, wherein the process may be conducted under reducing conditions and in the presence of alkali metal compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides washing compositions in which all or part of the detergent builder salt is provided by a mixture of zeolites 13X and 4A. Preferably the weight ratio of 13X to 4A is in the range of 50:50 to 85:15 and especially from 65:35 to 85:15. Especially in the preferred ranges of weight ratios the mixtures are generally more effective at total hardness removal from the wash water than would be expected from the hardness removing capabilities of the zeolites 13X and 4A by themselves, leading to improved washing performance of the composition. In some particularly desirable embodiments part of the builder salt comprises STPP, and in others a minor part of the builder salt comprises a glassy phosphate, preferably together with an ethyleneamine (methylenephosphonic acid) complexing builder salt.The compositions of the present invention are suitable for cleaning, in particular, fabrics or hard surfaces.

Abstract: A storage-stable, pourable and pumpable aqueous suspension which contains finely divided water-insoluble sodium aluminum silicate and one or more hydroxyl-free saturated or unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or their alkali metal salts, as a stabilizer and flow improver.

Abstract: Detergent compositions comprising water-insoluble aluminosilicate detergency builder; a synthetic detergent surfactant; and an unsaturated, water-soluble or dispersible soap of an unsaturated fatty acid containing from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms. The soap improves the detergency, especially of particulate and body soils.