Water-insoluble Base-exchange Agent Containing Patents (Class 252/179)
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Patent number: 4264464Abstract: A free flowing phosphate-free high bulk density particulate heavy duty laundry detergent is comprised of particles of spray dried base beads containing ion exchanging zeolite, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate into which is absorbed a nonionic detergent. The product is made by spray drying an aqueous mixture of the zeolite, carbonate and bicarbonate, optionally with soluble silicate present too, decomposing some of the bicarbonate to carbonate during the drying operation and mixing nonionic detergent in liquid form with the spray dried base beads produced and absorbing such detergent into such beads.Type: GrantFiled: October 6, 1977Date of Patent: April 28, 1981Assignee: Colgate-Palmolive CompanyInventors: William J. Gangwisch, Virgil J. Richter, Harold E. Wixon, Joseph B. Wraga
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Patent number: 4264480Abstract: Stable, pumpable, aqueous suspensions of water-insoluble, calcium-binding aluminosilicates suitable as stock suspensions comprising (A) from 20% to 55% by weight of at least one finely-divided, water-insoluble silicate compound having a calcium-binding power of at least 50 mg CaO/gm of anhydrous active substance and having the formula, combined water not shown(M.sub.2/n O).sub.x.Me.sub.2 O.sub.3.(SiO.sub.2).sub.ywhere M is a cation of the valence n, exchangeable with calcium, x is a number of from 0.7 to 1.5, Me is aluminum or boron, and y is a number from 0.8 to 6, (B) from 0.2% to 5% by weight of at least one organic dispersing agent as follows:lower alkylene oxide or glycide adducts of the reaction product of .epsilon.-caprolactam with an N-mono- or di-higher alkyl/alkenyl-alkylenediamine.Type: GrantFiled: June 28, 1979Date of Patent: April 28, 1981Assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien (Henkel KGaA)Inventors: Hans Andree, Dieter Jung, Martin Bischoff, Jens Conrad, Josef Huppertz, Gunter Jakobi, Peter Krings, Dieter Kuhling, Herbert Reuter, Wolfgang Rupilius, Horst Rutzen, Harald Schnegelberger
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Patent number: 4261941Abstract: Zeolite-containing agglomerates which rapidly disperse in water are prepared by admixing molten polyethylene glycol with a hot aqueous solution of alkylbenzene sulfonate, blending the resulting mixture with hydrated zeolite A crystals and thereafter drying and comminuting the blend.Type: GrantFiled: June 26, 1979Date of Patent: April 14, 1981Assignee: Union Carbide CorporationInventors: John D. Sherman, Arthur F. Denny
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Patent number: 4260651Abstract: A free flowing phosphate-free particulate heavy duty laundry detergent is comprised of particles of a mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate having nonionic detergent in the interior and on the surface thereof, to which is adhered a coating of smaller particles of ion exchanging zeolite. The product made is exceptionally free flowing and, although the particles are relatively large, is also of high bulk density (over 0.6 g./cc.). Also within the invention is a method of making such products by contacting the particles of mixed sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate with a normally liquid or pasty nonionic detergent in the liquid state so that the detergent is largely absorbed by the particles and coats the surfaces thereof, which are then coated with powdered zeolite which adheres to the surface nonionic of the particles and makes them free flowing.Type: GrantFiled: December 2, 1976Date of Patent: April 7, 1981Assignee: Colgate-Palmolive CompanyInventor: Harold E. Wixon
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Patent number: 4255148Abstract: The machine washing of solid textiles or dishes is improved when the wash water is passed through a cation exchange agent of the formula:(M.sub.2/n O).sub.x.Me.sub.2 O.sub.3.(SiO.sub.2).sub.y,wherein M is a cation of valence n interchangeable with calcium, Me is a member selected from aluminum and boron, x is a number from 0.7 to 1.5 and y is a number from 0.8 to 6, said agent having a calcium binding power of at least 50 mg. of CaO per gram, said agent being maintained during said washing out of contact with the objects being washed within a filter apparatus. Apparatus for carrying out the process includes means for circulating the wash water through a vessel containing the cation exchange agent in porous solid or in fluidized bed form within a filter means.Type: GrantFiled: January 26, 1978Date of Patent: March 10, 1981Assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien (Henkel KGaA)Inventors: Elmar Reinwald, Milan J. Schwuger, Heinz Smolka, Peter Krings
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Patent number: 4255276Abstract: A silicatic complexing agent for alkaline earth ions comprising an acid activated mineral of the montmorillonite-beidellite series, said mineral charged with an alkali metal.Type: GrantFiled: June 14, 1978Date of Patent: March 10, 1981Assignee: Sud-Chemie AktiengesellschaftInventors: Rudolf Fahn, Nikolaus Fenderl
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Patent number: 4249903Abstract: A process for the preparation of a cation-exchanging alkali metal aluminosilicate granulate having a particle size of from 0.05 to 1 mm comprising (a) charging a finely-divided, crystalline water-containing alkali metal aluminosilicate powder having a calcium binding power of from 50 to 200 mg CaO/gm of anhydrous aluminosilicate and a particle size of less than 30.mu. into a conventional granulator, (b) adding thereto (i) m moles of SiO.sub.2 as an aqueous alkali metal silicate solution or an aqueous silicic acid sol, and (ii) n mols of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 as an acidic hydrolyzing aluminum salt and/or alkali metal aluminate powder and/or an aqueous alkali metal aluminate solution, (c) mixing until the moisture is uniformly absorbed and a granulate with a particle size of 0.05 to 1 mm is formed, and (d) drying said granulate at 80.degree. to 150.degree. C.Type: GrantFiled: June 27, 1979Date of Patent: February 10, 1981Assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf AktienInventors: Heinz G. Smolka, Edgar Koppelmann
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Patent number: 4248728Abstract: A paste type scouring cleanser containing colloidal magnesium aluminum silicate, alkali, optionally a bleach, zeolite, optionally an abrasive, a surfactant, and optionally sodium hexametaphosphate, all in aqueous dispersion.Type: GrantFiled: February 28, 1979Date of Patent: February 3, 1981Assignee: Chemed CorporationInventor: Robert L. Puryear
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Patent number: 4243545Abstract: Silane-Zeolite composites are incorporated into phosphate free detergents as builders. The use of such composites allows compositional improvements and results in certain process advantages when compared to detergents utilizing plain zeolites as phosphate replacements. Hydrated zeolites which have been treated with functionally hydrophilic silanes do not agglomerate during incorporation into detergents. In addition, use of the silane-zeolite composite allows use of increased amounts of both the zeolite and silicate solids as builders in detergents.Type: GrantFiled: December 10, 1979Date of Patent: January 6, 1981Assignee: PQ CorporationInventors: Thomas C. Campbell, Elliot P. Hertzenberg, Howard S. Sherry
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Patent number: 4238346Abstract: A detergent builder consisting essentially of an inorganic fine powder composed mainly of an alkali metal aluminosilicate having an X-ray diffraction pattern substantially the same as that of zeolite of the type A and having a degree of crystallization in the range of from 35 to 75%, wherein the inorganic fine powder has a primary particle size smaller than 1.mu. and a secondary particle size smaller than 4.mu., the inorganic fine powder has a buffer capacity (S) of at least 132 ml/100 g of solids, the buffer capacity being expressed by an amount of hydrochloric acid necessary for lowering the pH of a 1% aqueous dispersion of said inorganic fine powder from 9.0 to 6.75 when the dispersion is titrated with 0.4 N hydrochloric acid at a rate of 20 to 50 ml/hr, and wherein the inorganic fine powder has a calcium ion binding property (C. I.) of at least 70 mg/g as expressed as CaO.Type: GrantFiled: April 17, 1978Date of Patent: December 9, 1980Assignee: Mizusawa Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki KaishaInventors: Yujiro Sugahara, Koichi Usui, Masahide Ogawa, Hideaki Kurosaki, Shigehisa Imafuku
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Patent number: 4231887Abstract: Zeolite agglomerates which when admixed with conventional laundry detergent formulations remain uniformly distributed and upon contact with hard water rapidly disperse and sequester the hardness cations thereof are comprised of zeolite crystals in a matrix of an ethoxylated linear alcohol and sodium citrate.Type: GrantFiled: June 26, 1979Date of Patent: November 4, 1980Assignee: Union Carbide CorporationInventors: Arthur F. Denny, John D. Sherman
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Patent number: 4230593Abstract: A non-water dispersible water-softening bead is disclosed having from 80 to 90% sodium alumino silicate and from 10 to 20% low density polyethylene. The bead has a diameter of between 200 and 1000 microns and a calcium capacity of at least 200 mg calcium carbonate/g. The sodium alumino silicate has a silica to aluminum oxide molar ratio of between 2:1 and 4:1 and a sodium oxide to aluminum oxide molar ratio of between 0.8:1 and 1.2:1.Type: GrantFiled: April 2, 1979Date of Patent: October 28, 1980Assignee: J. M. Huber CorporationInventors: Joseph E. Wagner, III, Lloyd E. Williams
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Patent number: 4221565Abstract: A process for the machine washing and cleaning of solid materials, in particular textiles, using low phosphate or phosphate-free detergents, in which the wash liquor, which contains at least 0.05 gm/l of a water-soluble calcium-binding sequestrant and customary surface-active compounds, is continuously or intermittently circulated through a cation-exchanging, water-insoluble, bound-water containing aluminosilicate having a calcium binding power of at least 50 mg CaO/gm corresponding to the following formula:(Cat.sub.2/n O).sub.x.Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.(SiO.sub.2).sub.yin which Cat represents a cation of valence n which is exchangeable with calcium, x represents a number from 0.7 to 1.5 and y represents a number of from 0.8 to 6, and in which the aluminosilicate has a particle size of from 0.Type: GrantFiled: December 28, 1978Date of Patent: September 9, 1980Assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien (Henkel KGaA)_Inventors: Werner Graupner, Heinz Oberlack, Hermann-Josef Welling
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Patent number: 4216125Abstract: Silane-Zeolite composites are incorporated into phosphate free detergents as builders. The use of such composites allows compositional improvements and results in certain process advantages when compared to detergents utilizing plain zeolites as phosphate replacements. Hydrated zeolites which have been treated with functionally hydrophilic silanes do not agglomerate during incorporation into detergents. In addition, use of the silane-zeolite composite allows use of increased amounts of both the zeolite and silicate solids as builders in detergents.Type: GrantFiled: December 7, 1978Date of Patent: August 5, 1980Assignee: PQ CorporationInventors: Thomas C. Campbell, Elliot P. Hertzenberg, Howard S. Sherry
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Patent number: 4215007Abstract: A process for the manufacture of low-phosphorus or phorphorus-free spray dried detergents containing at least one water-soluble inorganic or organic compound exerting a washing or cleansing effect and at least one compound inhibiting alkaline earth metal ion precipitation comprising a finely-dispersed, water-insoluble, bound water-containing silicate compound having a calcium-binding power of at least 50 mg CaO/gm of anhydrous active substance and having the formula, combined water not shown,(M.sub.2 /.sub.n O).sub.x . Me.sub.2 O.sub.3 . (SiO.sub.2).sub.ywhere M is a cation of the valence n, exchangeable with calcium, x is a number of from 0.7 to 1.5, Me is a member selected from aluminum and boron and y is a number of from 0.Type: GrantFiled: October 3, 1978Date of Patent: July 29, 1980Assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien (Henkel KGaA)Inventors: Peter Krings, Josef Huppertz, Herbert Latka, Gerhard Sperling, Milan J. Schwuger, Heinz Smolka
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Patent number: 4213874Abstract: A method for producing certain novel finely divided amorphous, precipitated alkali metal alumino silicates having a increased ion exchange properties is disclosed. The products of the invention are produced by commingling and precipitating, under certain controlled conditions, dilute aqueous solutions of an alkali metal silicate and alkali metal aluminate. Significant process variables include the chemical composition and concentration of the reactants, the precipitating temperatures and pH, the sequence and rate of the addition of the reactants and the mixing intensity during the precipitation. The amorphous products of the invention have base or ion exchange capacities equal and/or superior to known crystalline zeolitic base exchangers or absorbents and such may be used for water softening. Their use in detergents is also disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: January 27, 1978Date of Patent: July 22, 1980Assignee: J. M. Huber CorporationInventors: Lloyd E. Williams, Robert K. Mays
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Patent number: 4201689Abstract: An improved process for the production of tenside-containing aluminosilicates having cation exchange capacity by precipitating the same from aqueous solutions of alkali metal silicates and alkali metal aluminates in the presence of ionic surface-active compounds from the group consisting of anionic surface-active compounds, cationic surface-active compounds and zwitterionic surface-active compounds, wherein the excess alkalinity is neutralized by conducting said process in the presence of an acid aluminum salt such as aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate and aluminum chloride.Type: GrantFiled: June 8, 1978Date of Patent: May 6, 1980Assignees: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien, Deutsche Gold- und Silber-Scheideanstalt vormals RoesslerInventors: Heinz G. Smolka, Klaus Schumann
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Patent number: 4184975Abstract: A pourable agglomerated aluminosilicate builder composition comprising(A) from 20% to 70% by weight of at least one finely-divided, synthetically-produced, water-insoluble aluminosilicate compound containing at least some combined water and having a calcium binding power of at least 50 mg CaO/gm of anhydrous active substance and the formula on the anhydrous basis(M.sub.2/n O).sub.x. Me.sub.2 O.sub.3.(SiO.sub.2).sub.ywhere M is a cation of the valence n, exchangeable with calcium, x is a number from 0.7 to 1.5, Me is aluminum or boron, and y is a number from 0.8 to 6, and(B) from 30% to 80% by weight of at least two water-soluble alkali metal salts containing water of crystallization selected from the group consisting of tripolyphosphates, pyrophosphates, orthophosphates, sulfates, carbonates, metasilicates and borates; as well as the process of production of the same.Type: GrantFiled: December 14, 1977Date of Patent: January 22, 1980Assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien (Henkel KGaA)Inventors: Peter Krings, Josef Huppertz, Herbert Reuter, Dieter Kuhling, Milan J. Schwuger, Heinz Smolka
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Patent number: 4180485Abstract: Detergent compositions containing organic surface active agents, water-insoluble aluminosilicate ion exchange materials, sodium silicate having an SiO.sub.2 :alkali metal oxide weight ratio of from about 1.4:1 to 1.9:1, and a hydratable salt of a water-soluble weak organic acid. The composition is produced by drying an aqueous slurry. The resulting composition is an effective laundry detergent in the form of crisp, free-flowing granules which are highly soluble when made and which maintain their solubility on aging.Type: GrantFiled: November 2, 1977Date of Patent: December 25, 1979Assignee: The Procter & Gamble CompanyInventor: Ramon A. Llenado
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Patent number: 4180471Abstract: Blends of crystalline zeolites and sodium triphosphate are made. To this end, a zeolite suspension is spray-dried jointly with an aqueous sodium orthophosphate solution or suspension, in which the molar ratio of Na to P necessary to produce zeolite-free sodium triphosphate containing Na and P in a theoretical ratio of 1.66 is reduced by decrements of 0.01% per each 10% by weight proportion of zeolite in the blend. The zeolite suspension is sprayed separately from the orthophosphate solution or suspension at a separation necessary for the resulting zeolite particles to dry superficially and for the resulting phosphate particles to undergo at least partial condensation, and the superficially dry particles are contacted with the at least partially condensed particles.Type: GrantFiled: November 13, 1978Date of Patent: December 25, 1979Assignee: Hoechst AktiengesellschaftInventors: Klaus Schrodter, Joachim Kandler, Hasso Spott
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Patent number: 4179268Abstract: An improvement in the machine washing of solid soiled materials comprising withdrawing and recycling the wash liquor in contact with said solid soiled materials through a silicate cation exchange compound having some combined water and a particle size of at least 10.mu. of the formula:(M.sub.2/n O).sub.x.Me.sub.2 O.sub.3.(SiO.sub.2).sub.ywherein M is a cation of valence n exchangeable with calcium, Me is a member selected from aluminum and boron, x is a number from 0.7 to 1.5 and y is a number from 0.8 to 6, said silicate compound having a calcium binding power of at least 50 mg of CaO per gram, said silicate compound being maintained out of contact with said solid soiled materials, for such time that the recycling wash liquor has passed through said silicate compound at least twice, in the presence of other soluble washing and cleaning compounds, while reversing the direction of flow of said wash liquor through said silicate compound repeatedly.Type: GrantFiled: November 16, 1977Date of Patent: December 18, 1979Assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien (Henkel KGaA)Inventors: Elmar Reinwald, Heinz Smolka, Milan J. Schwuger, Edgar Koppelmann
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Patent number: 4179393Abstract: Stable, pumpable, aqueous suspensions of water-insoluble, calcium-binding aluminosilicates suitable as stock suspensions comprising (A) from 20% to 55% by weight of at least one finely-divided, water-insoluble silicate compound having a calcium-binding power of at least 50 mg CaO/gm of anhydrous active substance and having the formula, combined water not shown(M.sub.2/n O).sub.x . Me.sub.2 O.sub.3 . (SiO.sub.2).sub.ywhere M is a cation of the valence n, exchangeable with calcium, x is a number of from 0.7 to 1.5, Me is aluminum or boron, and y is a number from 0.8 to 6, (B) from 0.2% to 5% by weight of at least one organic dispersing agent as follows:(1) lower alkylene oxide or glycide adducts of an N-higher alkyl/alkenyl-alkylenediamine,(2) lower alkylene oxide or glycide adducts of the reaction product of .epsilon.Type: GrantFiled: February 2, 1977Date of Patent: December 18, 1979Assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien (Henkel KGaA)Inventors: Hans Andree, Dieter Jung, Martin Bischoff, Jens Conrad, Josef Huppertz, Gunter Jakobi, Peter Krings, Dieter Kuhling, Herbert Reuter, Wolfgang Rupilius, Horst Rutzen, Harald Schnegelberger
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Patent number: 4179391Abstract: A pulverulent, phosphate-free textile detergent consisting essentially of:(a) from 20% to 40% by weight of a water-insoluble, finely-divided, crystalline alkali metal aluminosilicate having a calcium binding power of 50 to 200 mg of CaO/gm on the anhydrous basis;(b) from 5% to 20% of a surface-active compound of the anionic, nonionic, amphoteric or zwitterionic types;(c) from 0.05% to 0.75% by weight of a water-soluble substituted alkane diphosphonate or triphosphonic acid or alkali metal salts thereof;(d) from 10% to 35% by weight of an inorganic per compound; and(e) from 0 to 50% by weight of other conventional ingredients for detergents of the type; wash alkalis, soil suspension agents, optical brighteners, enzymes, antimicrobial agents, textile softeners, coloring compounds, perfumes, sodium sulfate and water.Type: GrantFiled: April 17, 1978Date of Patent: December 18, 1979Assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien (Henkel KGaA)Inventors: Jochen Kaufmann, Markus Berg, Peter Krings
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Patent number: 4171277Abstract: A non-caking and freely flowing granulated composition of high abrasion resistance, said composition containing a polymer phosphate and an ion exchanging alkali metal aluminum silicate is provided. At least part of the polymer phosphate in said composition is a highly condensed phosphate, preferably of a phosphorus pentoxide content between about 64% and about 69%. Said composition may contain sodium tripolyphosphate in an amount between about 95% and 0% by weight and preferably between 80% and 60% by weight. Such a composition may also contain a water-soluble tenside which is liquid at room temperature. The process of producing such a granulated composition of a highly condensed phosphate and an alkali metal aluminum silicate to which sodium tripolyphosphate and a tenside may be added, comprises granulation of the mixture of polymer phosphate and alkali metal aluminum silicate by spraying water or a tenside solution thereon. Preferred tensides are ethoxylated nonylphenols.Type: GrantFiled: March 31, 1978Date of Patent: October 16, 1979Assignee: Joh. A. Benckiser GmbHInventors: Juergen Dankworth, Helmut Hartenstein, Ludwig Hertling
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Patent number: 4169075Abstract: A process for the preparation of powdery washing agent compositions by spray-drying compositions containing aqueous suspensions of water-insoluble, calcium-binding aluminosilicates with an improved stability against settling comprising at least 20% by weight of at least one finely-divided, water-insoluble silicate compound having a calcium-binding power of at least 50 mg CaO/gm of anhydrous active substance and having the formula, combined water not shown(M.sub.2/n O).sub.x.multidot. Me.sub.2 O.sub.3.multidot. (SiO.sub.2).sub.ywhere M is a cation of the valence n, exchangeable with calcium, x is a number of from 0.7 to 1.5, Me is aluminum or boron, and y is a number from 0.8 to 6, and at least 0.Type: GrantFiled: December 1, 1977Date of Patent: September 25, 1979Assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf AktienInventors: Dieter Kuhling, Josef Huppertz, Peter Krings, Herbert Reuter
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Patent number: 4157978Abstract: The compound ##STR1## wherein each M is selected from the group consisting of Na, K, H and mixtures thereof; n is the degree of polymerization and ranges from about 2 to about 1,000; T is selected from the group consisting of Al, Ti, Zn, Zr, Sn, V, Mo, W, Se, Ge and mixtures thereof; and R is an acyl group containing from about 2 to about 30 carbon atoms and from about 0 to about 5 additional carboxylate groups; detergent compositions containing said compound and similar capped compounds; and processes for preparing said compound.Type: GrantFiled: March 13, 1978Date of Patent: June 12, 1979Assignee: The Procter & Gamble CompanyInventor: Ramon A. Llenado
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Patent number: 4148603Abstract: A method of treating soiled textiles, wherein the soiled textiles are immersed in an aqueous liquor which contains at least two compounds inhibiting alkaline earth metal ion precipitation on said soiled textiles comprising using (1) from 0.2 to 10 gm of anhydrous active substance per liter of at least one finely-dispersed, water-insoluble silicate compound having a calcium-binding power of at least 50 mg CaO/gm of anhydrous active substance and having the formula, combined water not shown(M.sub.2/n O).sub.x . Me.sub.2 O.sub.3 . (SiO.sub.2).sub.ywhere M is a cation of the valence n, exchangeable with calcium, x is a number of from 0.7 to 1.5, Me is aluminum or boron, and y is a number from 0.8 to 6, and (2) from 0.05 to 2gm/l of at least one of certain polyphosphonates; as well as washing compositions containing said at least two compounds.Type: GrantFiled: January 30, 1978Date of Patent: April 10, 1979Assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf AktienInventors: Milan J. Schwuger, Heinz Smolka, Manfred Rostek
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Patent number: 4136051Abstract: Pourable washing agent compositions comprising essentially a premix powder component and optionally a second powder component obtained by hot drying of an aqueous composition containing conventional heat-insensitive components, consisting essentially of(1) from 30% to 100% by weight of a premix consisting essentially of(A) finely-dispersed, water-insoluble silicate compounds having a calcium-binding power of at least 50 mg CaO/gm of anhydrous active substance and having the formula, combined water not shown, of(M.sub.2/n O).sub.x .multidot. Me.sub.2 O.sub.3 .multidot. (SiO.sub.2).sub.ywhere M is a cation of the valence n, exchangeable with calcium, x is a number of from 0.7 to 1.5, Me is a member selected from aluminum and boron and y is a number of from 0.Type: GrantFiled: July 8, 1977Date of Patent: January 23, 1979Assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien (Henkel KGaA)Inventors: Herbert Saran, Peter Krings, Milan J. Schwuger, Heinz Smolka
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Patent number: 4126574Abstract: This invention relates to cation-exchanging, water-insoluble aluminosilicates containing bound water and an ionic surface-active compound resistant to water hardness formers and having, for every mol of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, from 0.7 to 1.5 mols Cat.sub.2/n O, where Cat is a cation having the valence n, and from 0.8 to 6 mols SiO.sub.2, and being produced by the precipitation of said aluminosilicate in an aqueous solution, wherein said reaction is conducted in the presence of an aqueous solution of said ionic surface-active compound, and optional subsequent crystallization; as well as a process for its preparation and a process for the sequestration of water hardness cations employing said aluminosilicates.Type: GrantFiled: June 30, 1977Date of Patent: November 21, 1978Assignees: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien, Deutsche Gold- und Silber-Scheideanstalt vormals RoesslerInventors: Elmar Reinwald, Milan J. Schwuger, Heinz Smolka
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Patent number: 4122031Abstract: A complex alkali metal-metal-silicate material that is useful as a floc weighting agent is made by continuously bringing together concentrated solutions of alkali metal silicate and of a metal salt and substantially immediately mixing them in a vessel under high shear with a rotor. The product contains about 30% by weight of silicate, measured as SiO.sub.2, and is insoluble in hydrochloric acid.Type: GrantFiled: June 15, 1977Date of Patent: October 24, 1978Assignee: Anglian Water AuthorityInventor: Fred Smith
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Patent number: 4121903Abstract: An improvement in the machine washing of solid soiled materials comprising withdrawing and recycling the tap water in contact with said solid soiled materials through a silicate cation exchange compound having some combined water and a particle size of between 10 .mu. and 100 .mu. of the formula(M.sub.2/n O).sub.x . Me.sub.2 O.sub.3 . (SiO.sub.2).sub.ywherein M is a cation of valence n exchangeable with calcium, Me is a member selected from aluminum and boron, x is a number from 0.7 to 1.5 and y is a number from 0.8 to 6, said agent having a calcium binding power of at least 50 mg of CaO per gram, said agent being maintained out of contact with said solid soiled materials, for such time until the water has a hardness of not more than 70 mg CaO/liter, then adding other soluble washing and cleaning compounds to said softened tap water and washing said solid materials while continuing the recycling of the wash solution through said silicate cation exchange compound.Type: GrantFiled: November 2, 1977Date of Patent: October 24, 1978Assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf AktienInventor: Heinz Smolka
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Patent number: 4120653Abstract: An improvement in the machine washing of solid soiled materials comprising withdrawing and recycling the tap water in contact with said solid soiled materials through a water-insoluble cation exchange polymer in particulate state having a swelled average particle diameter in excess of 20 .mu. and having a calcium binding power of at least 2 mVal per gram, said polymers being maintained out of contact with said solid soiled materials, for such time until the water has a hardness of not more than 70 mg CaO/liter, then adding other soluble washing and cleaning compounds to said softened tap water and washing said solid materials while continuing the recycling of the wash solution through said cation exchange polymer.Type: GrantFiled: November 2, 1977Date of Patent: October 17, 1978Assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf AktienInventor: Heinz Smolka
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Patent number: 4113644Abstract: Substantially anhydrous glassy phosphate detergent additives are disclosed comprising from 1% to 90% by weight of a glassy phosphate and 10% to 99% by weight of a protective agent being a solid organic material having a melting point ranging from 110.degree. F to 200.degree. F. Preferably the solid organic material has a low hygroscopicity in order to minimize exposure of the glassy phosphate to moisture during storage.Type: GrantFiled: November 11, 1975Date of Patent: September 12, 1978Inventor: William R. Ashcraft
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Patent number: 4096081Abstract: A composition is described herein which contains aluminosilicate materials characterized in their ability to exchange sodium ions for calcium and magnesium ions. The composition also contains, in an intimate mixture with the aluminosilicate, an inorganic salt and a water-soluble or water-dispersable organic agglomerating compound having a melting point between 30.degree. C and 100.degree. C. The particulate composition described above is suitable for water softening per se or for admixture into detergent compositions.Type: GrantFiled: February 6, 1976Date of Patent: June 20, 1978Assignee: The Procter & Gamble CompanyInventors: Ronald Eugene Phenicie, Rodney Mahlon Wise
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Patent number: 4094778Abstract: Mixtures of zeolite A and zeolite X containing about 40 to 70 weight per cent of each species are found to exhibit a synergistic effect in the sequestering by ion exchange of calcium and magnesium ions in hard water. These zeolite mixtures can be advantageously used in detergent compositions as substitutes in part or in full for polyphosphate builders.Type: GrantFiled: June 27, 1977Date of Patent: June 13, 1978Assignee: Union Carbide CorporationInventors: Arthur Francis Denny, Anthony Joseph Gioffre, John Delano Sherman
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Patent number: 4092261Abstract: An improvement in the process for the production of powdery washing and cleansing agent compositions containing finely-divided water-insoluble silicate compounds, capable of binding calcium, soap, and, optionally, other surface-active compounds, builders and other customary detergent additives by spray-drying a slurry and recovering said powdery washing and cleansing agent composition which comprises separately spray-drying a slurry rich in said silicate compounds and combining the spray-dried powders with the remaining ingredients in powdery form; as well as the powdery washing and cleansing agents so produced.Type: GrantFiled: October 7, 1975Date of Patent: May 30, 1978Assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf AktienInventors: Gerhard Sperling, Dieter Jung, Klaus Hachmann, Milan Johann Schwuger, Heinz Smolka
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Patent number: 4088593Abstract: There are provided alkali aluminum silicates having a hydrophilic surface. They are prepared by mixing a crystalline, ion-exchanging alkali aluminum silicate with a hydrophilic material, preferably ortho-phosphoric acid or an alkali ortho phosphate.Type: GrantFiled: March 30, 1977Date of Patent: May 9, 1978Assignees: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien (Henkel KGaA), Deutsche Gold- und Silber-Scheideanstalt vormals RoesslerInventors: Wolfgang Roebke, Dieter Kneitel, Erfried Parr
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Patent number: 4083793Abstract: A method of washing soiled textiles, wherein the soiled textiles are immersed in an aqueous liquor which contains at least one compound inhibiting alkaline earth metal ion precipitation on said soiled textiles and surface-active compounds comprising using finely-dispersed, water-insoluble silicate compounds having a calcium-binding power of at least 50 mg CaO/gm of anhydrous active substance and having the formula, combined water not shown(M.sub.2/n O).sub.x . Me.sub.2 O.sub.3 . (SiO.sub.2).sub.ywhere M is a cation of the valence n, exchangeable with calcium, x is a number of from 0.7 to 1.5, Me is a member selected from aluminum and boron and y is a number of from 0.Type: GrantFiled: September 16, 1976Date of Patent: April 11, 1978Assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf AktienInventors: Gunter Jakobi, Peter Krings, Milan Johann Schwuger, Heinz Smolka
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Patent number: 4076653Abstract: Detergent compositions based on sodium carbonate as a detergency builder also contain finely divided calcium carbonate having a surface area of at least about 5 square meters per gram (m.sup.2 /g), preferably from about 30 to 100 m.sup.2 /g, together with a detergent active compound or mixture of compounds which does not form during use an insoluble calcium salt. The added calcium carbonate tends to improve the detergency building action of the sodium carbonate, and so increase detergency, while inhibiting the tendency for the newly precipitated calcium carbonate to be deposited on the washed fabrics.Type: GrantFiled: February 27, 1976Date of Patent: February 28, 1978Assignee: Lever Brothers CompanyInventors: Charles Bloor Davies, James Francis Davies, William Frederick Soutar Neillie
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Patent number: 4072621Abstract: Detergent compositions containing particular water-insoluble metallo- silicate ion exchange builder materials, organic surface-active agents and a water-soluble vinyl copolymeric ingredient are provided. These compositions are capable of providing a cleaning performance, especially in hard water, which is substantially identical to what can be obtained from all polyphosphate built detergent compositions. Additionally, a process is disclosed for preparing detergent granules having improved physical properties, particularly breaking resistance and reduced dusting.Type: GrantFiled: November 11, 1975Date of Patent: February 7, 1978Assignee: The Procter & Gamble CompanyInventor: Terence J. Rose
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Patent number: 4072622Abstract: Aqueous suspensions of water-insoluble, calcium-binding aluminosilicates with an improved stability against settling comprising at least 20% by weight of at least one finely-divided, water-insoluble silicate compound having a calcium-binding power of at least 50 mg CaO/gm of anhydrous active substance and having the formula, combined water not shown(M.sub.2/n O).sub.x . Me.sub.2 O.sub.3 . (SiO.sub.2).sub.ywhere M is a cation of the valence n, exchangeable with calcium, x is a number of from 0.7 to 1.5, Me is aluminum or boron, and y is a number from 0.8 to 6, and at least 0.5% by weight of at least one organic dispersing agent as follows:(1) an organic, macromolecular polymer with carboxyl and/or hydroxyl groups,(2) an organic phosphonic acid with at least one additional phosphonic or carboxylic acid group,(3) an alkyl acid phosphate having 3 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl(4) a nonionic surface-active compound with a turbidity point in aqueous butoxyethoxyethanol according to DIN 53917 of below 90.degree. C.Type: GrantFiled: October 7, 1975Date of Patent: February 7, 1978Assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien (Henkel KGaA)Inventors: Dieter Kuhling, Josef Huppertz, Peter Krings, Herbert Reuter
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Patent number: 4071377Abstract: A method for the mechanical washing of dishes, wherein the soiled dishes are treated with an aqueous alkaline liquor having a pH of from 8 to 13 which contains at least one compound inhibiting alkaline earth metal ion precipitation, rinsing and recovering cleaned dishes comprising using finely-dispersed, water-insoluble silicate compounds having a calcium-binding power of at least 50 mg CaO/gm of anhydrous substance and having the formula, combined water not shown, of(M.sub.2/n O).sub.x .multidot. Me.sub.2 O.sub.3 .multidot. (SiO.sub.2).sub.ywhere M is a cation of the valence n, exchangeable with calcium, x is a number of from 0.7 to 1.5, Me is a member selected from aluminum and boron and y is a number of from 0.8 to 6, as said compound inhibiting alkaline earth metal ion precipitation as well as alkaline-reacting mechanical dish washing compositions containing said silicate compounds.Type: GrantFiled: April 5, 1974Date of Patent: January 31, 1978Assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien (Henkel KGaA)Inventors: Milan Johann Schwuger, Heinz Smolka, Theodor Altenschopfer, Manfred Rostek
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Patent number: 4066394Abstract: Washing of clothes is effected in the presence of an insoluble substrate having bonded thereto an insoluble inorganic cation-exchanger.Type: GrantFiled: December 30, 1974Date of Patent: January 3, 1978Assignee: Colgate-PalmoliveInventor: Ralph Spencer Leonard
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Patent number: 4043930Abstract: Novel 1,4-bis-formyl cyclohexane polycarboxylic acids have proved of considerable value as agents capable of preventing and inhibiting scale formation in aqueous media. Especially valuable scale formation inhibiting and complexing agents are 1,4-bis-formyl cyclohexane-1,2,3,6-tetracarboxylic acid and 1,4-bis-formyl cyclohexane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid. They are prepared by oxidizing the corresponding bicyclo-(2,2,2)-octene(7) polycarboxylic acid-2,3-anhydrides. The novel nitrogen- and phosphorus-free acids have a surprisingly high threshold effectiveness and can be used in detergent and cleaning solutions in combination with conventional detergents and cleaning agents.Type: GrantFiled: July 9, 1975Date of Patent: August 23, 1977Assignee: Joh. A. Benckiser GmbHInventors: Friedrich Krueger, Dieter Palleduhn
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Patent number: 4040972Abstract: There are provided alkali aluminum silicates having a hydrophilic surface. They are prepared by mixing a crystalline, ion-exchanging alkali aluminum silicate with a hydrophilic material, preferably ortho-phosphoric acid or an alkali ortho phosphate.Type: GrantFiled: March 5, 1976Date of Patent: August 9, 1977Assignees: Deutsche Gold- und Silber-Scheideanstalt vormals Roessler, Henkel & Cie GmbHInventors: Wolfgang Roebke, Dieter Kneitel, Erfried Parr
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Patent number: 4024087Abstract: The method of preparing a coagulant for purification of water from mechanical admixtures consists in that alunite is roasted at a temperature of 520.degree.-620.degree. C. The roasted alunite is leached with a 20-35 per cent aqueous solution of sulphuric acid taken in the quantity of 70-90 per cent of the stoichiometrically required quantity, at a temperature of 80.degree.-100.degree. C. After leaching, roasted alunite is added in the quantity of 10-15 per cent of the weight of the starting alunite. The resultant pulp consists of solid and liquid phases, the liquid phase being an aqueous solution of the end product, while the solid phase is an insoluble residue. The solution is separated from the insoluble residue and the end product is finally isolated from the solution.Type: GrantFiled: November 6, 1975Date of Patent: May 17, 1977Inventors: Jury Abramovich Lainer, Eldar Ismail Ogly Tagiev, Gakif Zakirovich Nasyrov, Valentina Ivanovna Zakharova, Abram Ilich Lainer, deceased, Vera Nikolaevna Lainer, administrator, Jury Abramovich Lainer, administrator, Nina Abramovna Gelfand, administrator
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Patent number: 4019999Abstract: A spray-dried granular detergent composition is prepared containing an alkali metal silicate, a particular aluminosilicate, and an alkali metal orthophosphate or pyrophosphate with a limited range of total-free moisture contents. The compositions of the present invention are very effective in cleaning despite the low levels of total phosphate present.Type: GrantFiled: July 23, 1975Date of Patent: April 26, 1977Assignee: The Procter & Gamble Co.Inventors: Tom H. Ohren, Gary W. Kingry
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Patent number: 4019998Abstract: A detergent composition comprising an organic detergent, a difficultly soluble alkali metal silicate, an optional diluent, and an alkali metal pyrophosphate, and process for preparing said composition.Type: GrantFiled: September 29, 1975Date of Patent: April 26, 1977Assignee: The Procter & Gamble CompanyInventors: Richard W. Benson, Steven D. Cherney, Everett J. Collier
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Patent number: 4018720Abstract: A heavy duty laundry liquid detergent composition in the form of an aqueous emulsion/suspension contains, as surfactant, alkyl sulfate or alkyl ether sulfate plus branched chain alkyl benzene sulfonate in specified proportions; one or more phosphate salts as builder; and alkali metal sulfate as stabilizing agent.Type: GrantFiled: July 14, 1975Date of Patent: April 19, 1977Assignee: The Procter & Gamble CompanyInventors: Stephen Price Lengyel, Toshiyuki Ishige
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Patent number: 4000094Abstract: A process for producing a spray-dried detergent composition containing a water-insoluble aluminosilicate. Sodium carbonate and a water-soluble salt of an organic compound having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms substituted with a sulfate or sulfonate group and at least one carboxyl group are added to an aqueous slurry containing the aluminosilicate and an organic detergent. Granules produced by spray-drying the aqueous slurry are crisp and free-flowing.Type: GrantFiled: November 8, 1974Date of Patent: December 28, 1976Assignee: The Procter & Gamble CompanyInventors: Howard P. Fleming, H. Karl Krummel