Abstract: Novel compositions are provided containing a compound represented by the formula YOSF5 or ZOSF5, where: (a) Y is: (i) an organic cation other than (Me2N)3S+ or (ii) an inorganic cation, provided that when Y is the inorganic cation, the composition further includes a complexing agent; and (b) Z is C1-20 alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, combinations thereof, or analogues thereof containing at least one heteroatom, provided that the compound represented by the formula ZOSF5 is a molecular compound. Processes of making the cationic compounds are disclosed as are processes for using the compositions containing cationic compounds in nucleophilic replacement reactions to prepare the compositions containing molecular compounds including the OSF5 group.

Abstract: Processes and apparatus for purifying brine are provided including (1) providing an aqueous brine solution comprising one or more inorganic salts and one or more organic compounds and (2) conducting at least one unit operation for removing organic compounds from the brine solution to obtain a purified brine solution.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing granular metallic iron includes charging a raw-material mixture into a thermal reduction furnace, subjecting the raw-material mixture to thermal reduction to form metallic iron and slag as a by-product, causing metallic iron to coalesce into granules while separating metallic iron from slag, and cooling and solidifying metallic iron. The raw-material mixture contains at least Fe, Ca, Mg, Si, and an alkali metal as constituent elements in such a manner that the slag contains CaO, MgO, SiO2, and an alkali oxide, the alkali oxide is at least one selected from Li2O, Na2O, and K2O, the alkali oxide satisfies at least one of Li2O content?0.03%, Na2O content?0.10%, and K2O content?0.10%, and the basicity of the slag is in the range of 1.3 to 2.3. It is possible to manufacture high-quality granular metallic iron with good productivity by the method.

Abstract: Processes are provided for conjointly producing Br2 and a concentrated aqueous solution containing at least about 5 wt % CaCl2, based on the weight of the concentrated aqueous solution, from an HBr-rich recycle stream and a feed brine dilute in CaCl2. wherein the aqueous HBr-rich stream is produced from an HBr-rich recycle stream and a portion of the feed brine.

Abstract: A diamond reference standard contains a diamond composite of 60-90% diamond crystals and 10-40% silicon carbide binding agent doped with a plurality of elements. The standard is prepared by doping a diamond composite containing a silicon carbide binder with a plurality of elements, the presence of which can readily be detected using a variety of instruments, e.g. a mass spectrometer.

Abstract: A synchronized water is disclosed, in which all single water molecules at the same time are arranged in an identical way to a stable homogeneous microstructure, wherein said synchronized water in a distilled condition and at atmospheric pressure has a) a density of from 0.997855 to 0.998836 g/ml at 220 C. b) a water temperature at the freezing point of from ?6.7° C. to ?8.2° C., c) a melting point of from 0.10 C to 0.20 C, d) a surface tension of from 72.3 to 72.7 dyn/cm at 220 C, and e) a dielectric constant of from 82.4 to 82.6 F/m, as well as a method for preparation thereof and different uses thereof.

Abstract: Nanocrystalline forms of metal oxides, including binary metal oxide, perovskite type metal oxides, and complex metal oxides, including doped metal oxides, are provided. Methods of preparation of the nanocrystals are also provided. The nanocrystals, including uncapped and uncoated metal oxide nanocrystals, can be dispersed in a liquid to provide dispersions that are stable and do not precipitate over a period of time ranging from hours to months. Methods of preparation of the dispersions, and methods of use of the dispersions in forming films, are likewise provided. The films can include an organic, inorganic, or mixed organic/inorganic matrix. The films can be substantially free of all organic materials. The films can be used as coatings, or can be used as dielectric layers in a variety of electronics applications, for example as a dielectric material for an ultracapacitor, which can include a mesoporous material. Or the films can be used as a high-K dielectric in organic field-effect transistors.

Abstract: A process, system and sorbent for removal of mercury from a combustion exhaust gas stream in a combustion exhaust gas purification scheme that includes a combustion exhaust scrubber system that uses an aqueous liquid to remove acid gases from the combustion exhaust gas. A powdered mercury sorbent is used. The sorbent is introduced into the aqueous scrubber liquid in the scrubber system. After introduction of the mercury sorbent into the scrubber liquid, at least some of the mercury sorbent is separated from the scrubber liquid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a single crystal boron doped CVD diamond that has a toughness of at least about 22 MPa m1/2. The invention further relates to a method of manufacturing single crystal boron doped CVD diamond. The growth rate of the diamond can be from about 20-100 ?m/h.

Abstract: A method of asbestos detoxification in which an asbestos-containing waste material in any form is made harmless while preventing asbestos particles or dust from flying or scattering. The asbestos content can be easily reduced in a short time to 0.1 wt. % or lower, which is prescribed by the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare. The waste can be perfectly made harmless. Also provided is an aqueous solution for asbestos detoxification which is for use in the method.

Abstract: A reagent delivering article comprising porous sintered polycrystalline diamond where the delivering article is capable of retaining at least one chemical reagent and releasing the chemical reagent in a fluid or has reactive sites on diamond surfaces of the article.

Abstract: A method comprising: providing a halogen stream; providing an alkane stream; providing a decoking agent; and reacting at least a portion of the halogen stream with at least a portion of the alkane stream in the presence of a halogenation catalyst and the decoking agent to form a halogenated stream.

Abstract: A process of forming a hydrogen storage material, including the steps of: providing a borohydride material of the formula: M(BH4)x where M is an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal and 1?x?2; providing an alanate material of the formula: M1(AlH4)x where M1 is an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal and 1?x?2; providing a halide material of the formula: M2Halx where M2 is an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal or transition metal and Hal is a halide and 1?x?4; combining the borohydride, alanate and halide materials such that 5 to 50 molar percent from the borohydride material is present forming a reaction product material having a lower hydrogen release temperature than the alanate material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of hydrogen gas. More particularly, the present invention relates to: (1) a composition and process for the displacement of hydrogen from water under standard temperature and pressure conditions; (2) a hydrogen fuel system; (3) a method for using the hydrogen fuel system in conjunction with a feedstock composition to produce hydrogen gas (e.g., onboard a vehicle); and (4) a method of using the hydrogen fuel system at a reduced cost (e.g., by providing a consumer rebate in exchange for the return of byproduct(s) collected after using the hydrogen fuel system). The composition (e.g., a feedstock composition) comprises finely divided metal powders (e.g., magnesium, or magnesium and aluminum) and can also contain a chloride salt (e.g., sodium chloride or potassium chloride).

Abstract: A method using a chemical synthesis method to produce a metallic nanoparticle inorganic composite having fine metallic nanoparticles that are uniformly dispersed at a high density in a solidified matrix, a metallic nanoparticle inorganic composite, and a plasmon waveguide using this composite are provided. Thus, a method including: preparing a precursor solution, applying the precursor solution onto a substrate, and then hydrolyzing the precursor solution to form an oxide film having fine pores, bringing the oxide film into contact with an acidic aqueous solution of tin chloride to chemically adsorb Sn2+ ions in the fine pores, removing an excess of the Sn2+ ions, bringing the oxide film into contact with an aqueous metal chelate solution to precipitate metallic nanoparticles in the fine pores, and removing an excess of ions of the metal is provided.

Abstract: Nanodiamond material containing carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen characterized by the absence of sp2 carbon phase based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and containing more than approximately 11 wt % of oxygen and demonstrating a pH approximately below 2.5 when dispersed in an amount of 10 wt % in deionized water. This abstract is not to be considered limiting, since other embodiments may deviate from the features described in this abstract.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous method and apparatus of functionalizing a carbon nanotube, and more specifically, to a continuous method of functionalizing a carbon nanotube under subcritical water or supercritical water conditions without additional functionalizing processes, comprising: a) continuously feeding the carbon nanotube solution and an oxidizer under a pressure of 50 to 400 atm, respectively or together, and then preheating the mixture of said carbon nanotube solution and said oxidizer; b) functionalizing the carbon nanotube in the preheated said mixture under the subcritical water or the supercritical water condition of to 400 atm; c) cooling down the functionalized product into 0 to 100° C. and depressurizing the functionalized product into 1 to 10 atm; and d) recovering the cooled down and depressurized product.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage material. The hydrogen storage material is a combination of LiBH4 with MHx, wherein greater than about 50% of M comprises Al.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the removal of endocrine disrupting compounds from an aqueous medium by adding surface-reacted natural calcium carbonate or an aqueous suspension comprising surface-reacted calcium carbonate and having a pH greater than 6.0 measured at 20° C., to the medium, wherein the surface-reacted calcium carbonate is a reaction product of natural calcium carbonate with carbon dioxide and one or more acids, the use of the surface-reacted natural calcium carbonate for the removal of endocrine disrupting compounds, as well as to a combination of a surface-reacted natural calcium carbonate and activated carbon for the removal of endocrine disrupting compounds.

Abstract: Processes for capturing carbon dioxide are described. The carbon dioxide may be captured from the atmosphere and/or from the waste stream of a carbon dioxide point source (e.g., power plants, chemical plants, natural gas fields, oil fields, industrial sites, etc.). The processes can involve capturing carbon dioxide using alkaline solutions (e.g., NaOH). In some processes, the carbon dioxide may react with the alkaline solution to form a product (e.g., NaHCO3). The alkaline solution may be made a number of different ways. In some of the processes, products produced during processing may be used to add value beyond carbon dioxide capture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the control of pitch in an aqueous medium by adding surface-reacted natural calcium carbonate or an aqueous suspension comprising surface-reacted calcium carbonate and having a pH greater than 6.0 measured at 20° C., to the medium, wherein the surface-reacted calcium carbonate is a reaction product of natural calcium carbonate with carbon dioxide and one or more acids, the use of the surface-reacted natural calcium carbonate for pitch control, as well as to a combination of a surface-reacted natural calcium carbonate and talc for pitch control, and the resulting composites.

Abstract: A method of forming a carbon-carbon composite is provided in which a blend of vapor grown carbon fibers, carbon nanofibers, and optionally, nano-graphene platelets are formed into a preform, densified, and then graphitized. The composite is low in cost to produce and exhibits high thermal conductivity for use in a variety of thermal management applications.

Abstract: A process for the removal of heavy metals from flue gas deriving from combustion processes comprising the following steps: a) optional removal by filtration of solid particles or of particulate of heavy metals or their compounds, having an average diameter higher than 10 micron; b) flue gas washing performed with an aqueous phase and transfer of the heavy metals or their compounds to the aqueous phase; c) flue gas cooling and partial condensation of the steam contained in the flue gas and separation of a condensed phase; d) discharge of the flue gases substantially free from heavy metals or their compounds into the environment; f) discharge of the aqueous phase substantially free from heavy metals or their compounds into the environment.

Abstract: A method is provided for treating silica sand scrubs (SSS) generated and accumulated as waste in the chloride manufacturing process of titanium dioxide pigment. A hydrothermal process is used to produce sodium silicate solutions of modulus 3.0 to 3.8, and precipitated silicas. In some embodiments, the process uses two specific principal reaction stages. A sodium silicate solution having a low SiO2:Na2O molar ratio, in the range from 2.0 to 2.8, is first produced by reaction of the SSS, as a cost-effective SiO2 source, with aqueous caustic soda. The conversion of this intermediate sodium silicate solution of low modulus to a high SiO2:Na2O molar ratio is made possible by using a SiO2 source that is prepared as precipitated amorphous silica from the intermediate sodium silicate solution produced above.

Abstract: Provided is a method of fabricating silica-titania nanoporous composite powder by controlling a pore size. In more particular, a method of fabricating silica-titania nanoporous composite powder, using a spraying and heating reactor including an ultrasonic droplet generator and a cylindrical electric furnace, comprises the steps of: generating droplets of a mixture suspension from a colloidal suspension prepared by mixing silica (SiO2) and titania (TiO2) nanopowders and organic template (PSL: polystyrene latex) powder, by the ultrasonic droplet generator of the spray-heating reactor; generating a silica-titania-organic template nanoporous composite powder having pores within the range of 20˜100 nm in size through preparing silica-titania-organic template (SiO2—TiO2—PLS) composite particles and removing the organic template while passing the mixture suspension in the cylindrical electric furnace by a carrier gas; and collecting the generated nanoporous material by a particle collector.

Abstract: In a method for producing a particle (10) containing functional layer (310, 400, 600), nanoparticles are introduced into the functional layer material (320, 410, 610), the nanoparticles having a particle core (20) and a particle shell (30) surrounding the particle core. The material (K) of the particle core has a higher chemical activity than that of the particle shell and the material (M) of the particle shell allows diffusion of the material of the particle core through the particle shell into the functional layer material.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of controlled hydrogen generation, hydrogen storage and hydrogen transportation. More specifically, the invention is directed to a solution containing a metal hydride for safe hydrogen generation, storage and transportation, wherein means are provided for preventing spontaneous hydrogen production during storage. In an embodiment of the invention, there is provided a stable metal-hydride solution comprising at least one metal-hydride compound, at least one hydroxide ion providing entity and at least one stabilizer that is different from said hydroxide ion providing entity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the production of curable masses, containing coarse-scale and/or nanoscale, coated, de-agglomerated magnesium hydroxide particles. More precisely, the present invention relates to a method for the production of curable masses, whereby coarse-scale and/or nanoscale, precoated magnesium hydroxide particles in an aqueous or organic solvent are treated with ultrasound or subjected to bead-mill grinding in the presence of a dispersant. After any drying that might be necessary, and renewed suspension/dispersion in an organic solvent, the magnesium hydroxide particles are worked into a component of a curable mass. Furthermore, the present invention is directed at a method for the production of a cured polymer material.

Abstract: A process is described for converting and utilizing oxygen-containing polymers to form hydrogen and alkali metal carbonates, in which the polymers are brought into intimate contact with a melt mixture of alkali metal hydroxide and alkali metal carbonate to form hydrogen and alkali metal carbonate, and the alkali metal carbonate formed is removed from the reaction mixture during the reaction and alkali metal hydroxide is optionally metered in. The reaction is preferably carried out under conditions which lie on a point on the Liquidus line of the system. It is possible in accordance with the invention to process natural or synthetic polymers, for example polyester, polyether, wood, etc. It is particularly suitable for processing fiber-reinforced composite materials. Also described is an apparatus for performing the process according to the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to metal-treated particles, methods for their preparation and methods for using metal-treated particles for, e.g., remediation of process waste-water, sewage, contaminated groundwater aquifers, and soil containing harmful contaminants. Another aspect of the invention relates to a metal-treated particle comprising a ferrosoferric oxide core and a metal supported on the core, where the average diameter or other largest transverse dimension of the core is from about 75 nm to about 990 nm and the amount of metal supported on the core is from about 8% to about 22% by weight, based on the weight of the metal-treated particle.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a hydrophilic carbon black aggregate, a method for preparing the same, and a hydrophilic composite and a fuel cell bipolar plate, each comprising the same. The hydrophilic carbon black aggregate comprises hybrid particles having a structure in which hydrophilic inorganic particles are embedded on the surface of carbon black particles.

Abstract: A reactive fine particle includes one or more functional compounds A or its precursors having a maximal size of less than 2 microns, adapted for synthesis, modification, curing, cross-linking, secession and/or initiating of polymerization of polymers; and one or more inert particles B having at least the maximal size of 2 microns and carrying said functional compounds A at its outer surface and/or in its inner portion. The compounds A to inert particles B weight ratio is ranging from 0.01A:100B to 50A:100B.

Abstract: The invention concerns a hydrogen generating system, characterized in that it combines a water-corrodible metal, an inorganic material, said material having a specific surface capable of fixing the oxide and/or hydroxide form(s) of said metals generated during corrosion. The invention also concerns a method for generating hydrogen and its uses, in particular in a hydrodehalogenation process of halogenated organic compounds present in aqueous media to be purified.

Abstract: A composite material that increases in temperature upon exposure to electromagnetic radiation comprising single crystal silicon carbide whiskers and fibrils in a matrix material. Also, heat-generating objects comprising the composite material, and a method of generating heat.

Abstract: Provided are organic silicon oxide fine particles which can be formed into a porous film having a dielectric constant and mechanical strength expected as a high-performance porous insulating film and having excellent chemical stability, and a preparation method thereof.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage material. The hydrogen storage material is a combination of LiBH4 with MHx. In one embodiment, x is 0 to 3. In one embodiment, greater than about 50% of M comprises Ti, V, Cr, Sc, Fe, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: Process for the joint production of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate crystals, according to which: Solid powder derived from sodium sesquicarbonate, having a mean particle diameter comprised between 0,1 and 10 mm is dissolved in water; The resulting water solution is introduced into a crystallizer, wherein a first water suspension comprising sodium carbonate crystals is produced; The first water suspension is subjected to a separation, in order to produce crystals comprising sodium carbonate on the one hand, which are valorized, and a mother liquor on the other hand; Part of the mother liquor is taken out of the crystallizer and put into contact in, a gas liquid contactor, with a gas comprising carbon dioxide, in order to produce a second water suspension comprising sodium bicarbonate crystals, which are separated and valorized

Abstract: A method and kit for precipitating protein from an aqueous solution consists of a quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant and a chaotropic salt, used in combination to reversibly precipitate proteins from the aqueous solution. Precipitation separates proteins that are entrapped, non-specifically, in the quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant:chaotropic salt complex as a pellet. The precipitated protein pellet is purified further by washing with an organic solvent to remove the surfactant:chaotrope complex, leaving behind pure, concentrated proteins that can be washed to purify further the protein and/or re-dissolved in whatever buffer is most suited for any successive procedure, such as analysis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of hydrogen. More particularly, the present invention relates to a composition and process for the displacement of hydrogen from water under standard temperature and pressure conditions. The composition comprises finely divided metal powders (e.g., magnesium, or magnesium and aluminum) and can also contain a chloride salt (e.g., sodium chloride or potassium chloride). The process of the present invention comprises adding a composition of the present invention to water (either water that already contains chloride ions—such as seawater—or, alternatively, with compositions that contain a chloride salt, either fresh water or seawater), at standard temperature and pressure conditions, in order to create hydrogen gas from the displacement of hydrogen from the water.

Abstract: This invention relates pulp based food carton and a method thereof, said carton is formed of pulp material with the incorporation of Optimum Resonant (different types of mineral elements) that naturally emit far infrared radiation (FIR), allowing the foods to be kept fresher and longer with better taste to provide benefits to both consumers and the farmers. Cartons use in storing, packaging, protecting of eggs, milk and beverage are disclosed.

Abstract: An aqueous precipitation process for the preparation of particles comprising primarily silver sulfate, comprising reacting an aqueous soluble silver salt and an aqueous soluble source of inorganic sulfate ion in an agitated precipitation reactor vessel and precipitating particles comprising primarily silver sulfate, wherein the reaction and precipitation are performed in the presence of an aqueous soluble fluorinated additive, the amount of additive being a minor molar percentage, relative to the molar amount of silver sulfate precipitated, and effective to result in precipitation of particles comprising primarily silver sulfate having a mean grain-size of less than 50 micrometers.

Abstract: A composite material according the invention includes boron carbide, silicon carbide, and silicon as main components, wherein an average grain diameter of boron carbide grains of the composite material is 10 ?m or more and 30 ?m or less.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition and a process for the preparation of chemical activated cold setting fly ash building construction materials. The chemical activator is an alkaline aqueous solution of 11.2 to 13.6 in pH and 1.25 to 1.40 gm/cc in density which contains admixtures of different concentrations of hydroxyl, sulfate, acetate and chloride bearing chemical salts of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and aluminum in water medium. The reaction of chemical activator solution and the mineral constituents of fly ash mix develop binding property. The binding matrix of chemical activated fly ash mix is mostly hydrous silica and silicate group of phases which on setting under atmospheric condition attains strength suitable for building construction application. Utilization of fly ash of any source by weight ranges from 80 to 99% in manufacture of building materials including heat and acid resistance and toxic waste disposal products.

Abstract: There is provided particulate silica which can be suitably used as a viscoelasticity modifier such as a thickener which is added to liquid such as water, a liquid resin or paint to adjust its viscoelastic properties such as viscosity and thixotropic nature, a reinforcer or filler for silicone rubber or sealants, a polishing agent for CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) or a surface coating agent for ink-jet printing paper. The particulate silica has a BET specific surface area S of 130 to 380 m2/g, and its fractal shape parameter ?1 in an ?-value analysis target range of 20 to 30 nm satisfies the following equation (1) and its fractal shape parameter ?2 in an ?-value analysis target range of 30 to 50 nm satisfies the following equation (2). ?1+0.00175S<2.518??(1) ?2+0.00174S<2.

Abstract: A new mixed layer silicate useful for industrial materials is provided. The mixed layer silicate is obtained by a specific synthesis method. The mixed layer silicate includes non-swelling 2:1 type layered silicate layers having a layer charge of 0 or non-swelling 2:1 type layered silicate layers having a layer charge of 0.6 to 1 and including potassium ions between layers and swelling 2:1 type layered silicate layers having a layer charge of 0.2 to 0.6 and including exchangeable cations between layers. The mixed layer silicate has a structure in which individual layers are laminated in a regular order in a lamination direction (regularly mixed layer structure).

Abstract: A composition that when cured possesses high temperature, chemical and abrasion resistance, and which can be formed into shapes, used as binder for aggregate fibers, sand or the like, or used to repair hard surfaces. The composition has a first part that is a slurry of an alkali metal silicate solution, such as lithium silicate, sodium silicate or potassium silicate, alone or in combination, combined with a non-reactive alkali metal, such as a silica flour or powder. The second part of the composition is a mixture of sodium silicofluoride, silica fume and sodium borate. A small amount of boric acid may be added to the second part to slow the curing reaction.

Abstract: A sealing material for a honeycomb structure includes inorganic fibers, oxide sol, and inorganic particles. The inorganic fibers include at least one of an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth metal compound and a boron compound. The sealing material has a pH of at least about 4 and at most about 6.

Abstract: A fining agent for reducing the concentration of seeds or bubbles in a silicate glass. The fining agent includes at least one inorganic compound, such as a hydrate or a hydroxide that acts as a source of water. In one embodiment, the fining agent further includes at least one multivalent metal oxide and, optionally, an oxidizer. A fusion formable and ion exchangeable silicate glass having a seed concentration of less than about 1 seed/cm3 is also provided. Methods of reducing the seed concentration of a silicate glass, and a method of making a silicate glass having a seed concentration of less than about 1 seed/cm3 are also described.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the present invention relates to new processes to simultaneously shorten and functionalize raw or purified carbon nanotubes to improve their dispersity and processibility, and the short functionalized nanotubes that may be made by the processes. This present invention also relates to new compositions of matter using short functionalized carbon nanotubes with thermoset, thermoplastic polymers, high temperature polymers, and other materials; the processes for making such composite materials; and the products of said processes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a carbon material and a machining method for the same in which a dust control agent such as paraffin, wax, and oil is impregnated into the inside of a carbon material before being machined so that dust is hardly generated from the carbon material itself when machining the carbon material impregnated with the dust control agent with a machine tool.