Abstract: Disclosed is a process for scrubbing acid gases from an H.sub.2 -containing acid gas stream by use of an aminecontaining aqueous scrubbing solution wherein the corrosion of metal surfaces in contact with such a solution is inhibited by use of an effective amount of sulfide dioxide.

Abstract: Absorption of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures with aqueous absorbent solutions of tertiary alkanolamines is improved by incorporating at least one alkyleneamine in the solution. The presence of the alkyleneamine promotes the rate of carbon dioxide absorption and the carbon dioxide capacity of the aqueous tertiary alkanolamine solution. As a result, absorption can be carried out in shorter absorber columns, and process energy requirements can be lowered by reducing the rate at which the absorbent solution is circulated.

Abstract: A dry process for preparation of cationic starch ethers by reaction of starch with alkylidene epoxides in the presence of water in an alkaline medium at a temperature of 5.degree. to 40.degree. C. in the presence of a finely divided silica.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for simultaneous reduction of NO.sub.x and SO.sub.x in combustion effluents and process gas streams, exmploying a sorbent material of calcium or dolomitic lime hydrated with aqueous carboxamides, optionally with carbinol reductants, in amounts sufficient to reduce the NO.sub.x and SO.sub.x concentrations from the effluents. The sorbent material may be introduced as dry powders or wet hydrates in effluent streams at temperatures ranging from 400.degree. to 2400.degree. F.

Abstract: A method is provided for removing sulphur-containing gases from fossil fuel-fired combustors comprising the step of introducing sorbent particles modified with lignosulfonates into the exhaust gases.

Abstract: Deodorized compositions are described comprising an intimate mixture of a malodorous sulfur containing compound and activated carbon.

Abstract: A composition and process for the removal of mercaptans from gaseous mixtures, particularly gaseous mixtures containing hydrocarbons, wherein the gaseous mixture is treated with an aqueous solution of a water soluble nitrite, such as sodium nitrite, and a water soluble polysulfide, such as sodium tetrasulfide, the pH of the aqueous solution preferably being about 10 or greater initially.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium salts are disclosed which are highly effective as complexing agents for the extraction of hydrogen ion and anions such as nitrate from an aqueous feed solution via a coupled ion transport mechanism employing supported liquid membranes.

Abstract: Solid sorbents (acceptors) for noxious components, e.g. SO.sub.x, NO.sub.x and HX, from gases below about 250.degree., specifically acceptors that contain hydrated divalent metal oxide coated onto an exfoliated or expanded mineral support, are improved by heating them before use at a temperature of 450.degree.-650.degree. for a conditioning period of at least a few minutes. So conditioned pulverulent MgO coated onto water-laden exfoliated vermiculite (alternatively expanded perlite) is preferred because of capacity and the ability of the magnesia-based acceptors to be regenerated at a moderately elevated temperature that precludes substantial deterioration of acceptor or equipment. To insure immediate activity the conditioned acceptor is moistened for use. Advantageously the gas and/or the acceptor is humidified during their contact.

Abstract: This invention discloses mixtures of alkyl dialcohol amines and mono alkyl ethers of polyethylene glycols which are useful in removing acidic gases from gaseous mixtures. The solvent mixtures contain between 1.5 N and 5.0 N methyl diethanolamine (MDEA), 10 to 40 percent water and the balance is methoxytriglycol (MTG). The overall heat of reaction of the solution is typically less than 500 BTU/lb CO.sub.2, and remains as a single liquid phase during normal gas scrubber operating conditions.

Abstract: A method of producing a mixed electrolyte powder having an electrolyte ion composition suited for use in preparing a dialyzing fluid for perfusing artificial kidney systems for bicarbonate dialysis, which method comprises a step of pulverizing the whole or part of sodium chloride, which is one of the components of the above powder, in a micronizer to a microfine powder having a particle size of about 20-30 .mu.m and adding thereto 2-4 percent by weight of glacial acetic acid by spraying, whereby a microfine powder of sodium chloride acidified with acetic acid is obtained, a step of dissolving other components constituting the above mixed powder and, if any, the remaining portion of sodium chloride in warm water and spray-drying the solution using a spray nozzle or disk atomizer to a microfine powder having a particle size of about 20-100 .mu.m, and a step of mixing both the microfine powders obtained in the above steps together.

Abstract: Process and composition for removing H.sub.2 S and like sulfides from gas streams by contact with a substituted aromatic nitrile having an electron-attracting substituent on the aromatic ring at least as strong as halogen (e.g., isophthalonitrile) and an organic tertiary amine in an inert organic solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.

Abstract: In a cyclic hydrogen sulfide oxidation-catalyst regeneration process using an aqueous chelated polyvalent metal catalyst solution, excessive degradation of the aminopolycarboxylic acid chelating agent is prevented by incorporating in the solution an effective amount of a stabilizing agent capable of retarding or preventing rupture of nitrogen-carbon bonds in the chelating agent during oxidative regeneration of the catalyst solution. Alkaline thiosulfates are the preferred stabilizing agents. Particularly good results are obtained using an alkaline thiosulfate stabilizer in a catalyst solution comprising the dimer form of the NTA-iron complex.

Abstract: An alkaline absorbent composition comprising a severely hindered amino compound and an amine salt is provided. A process for the removal of H.sub.2 S from fluid mixtures using this absorbent composition to produce a very low level of H.sub.2 S in the treated fluid is also provided. The process is also suited for the selective removal of H.sub.2 S from fluid mixtures comprising H.sub.2 S and CO.sub.2.

Abstract: A process for preventing corrosion of metals in contact with an alkaline liquid-acid gas absorbing solution comprises adding to the solution a corrosion inhibiting composition comprising soluble antimony and molybdenum salts in a specified weight ratio. The corrosion inhibiting composition is particularly suited for use with alkaline scrubbing solutions comprising a mixture of an alkali metal salt and an amine.

Abstract: A process for adsorbing sulfur dioxide from a gas comprising contacting a gas containing SO.sub.2, such as a flue gas, with about stoichiometric amounts of a specially prepared calcium oxide so that substantially all of the sulfur dioxide content is reacted throughout the calcium oxide particle to form a calcium sulfate reaction product. The useful calcium oxide particles comprise a highly voided skeletal structure of very large surface area and large pore volume with numerous macro pores. Such particles are obtained by flash calcining sand-size grains of calcium carbonate, such as aragonite, calcite or dolomite.

Abstract: A corrosion inhibitor composition useful for preventing corrosion by solvents used in treating sour gas streams, comprising a quaternary pyridine salt, a surface-active agent and/or a thio compound and an effective amount of a water soluble nickel compound. The composition can also contain a demulsifier to prevent foaming of the resultant solution.

Abstract: For the simultaneous absorption and oxidation of hydrogen sulfide, gaseous mixtures substantially free of molecular oxygen are scrubbed in a first stage with an aqueous, alkaline scrubbing agent containing pentavalent vanadium as the oxidizing medium. The hydrogen sulfide is absorbed by the scrubbing agent and oxidized to elemental sulfur with reduction of pentavalent vanadium to tetravalent vanadium. The thus-reduced scrubbing agent is then regenerated in a separate second stage in the presence of an amine promoter by reoxidation of the tetravalent vanadium with molecular oxygen, and reused.

Abstract: A method, applicable to hydrogen sulfide removal systems which employ a regenerable aqueous washing solution capable of absorbing hydrogen sulfide and converting that hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur, is provided for reconditioning such systems after they have become contaminated with sulfur-feeding bacteria and/or for maintaining such systems substantially free of such bacteria. In the method of the invention, the aqueous washing solution is contacted with an aliphatic dialdehyde.

Abstract: An absorbent for the dry removal of sulfur dioxide and other noxious and toxic components from a combustion flue gas which consists essentially of at least one finely divided alkaline-earth compound and an additive selected from the group which consists of at least one carboxylic acid or an alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal or ammonium salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation of mixtures of sterically hindered substituted N-secondary amino acids or their alkali metal salts by a one-step reductive condensation of an amino acid or its alkali metal salt containing a primary amino group and a ketone to thereby form a mono-substituted amino acid or alkali metal salt thereof, followed by preparing the corresponding sterically hindered tertiary amino acids or alkali metal salt thereof by reacting the mono-substituted amino acids or alkali metal salt thereof with an unhindered aldehyde under reducing conditions in the presence of a hydrogenating catalyst. The novel mixtures of the sterically hindered mono-substituted amino acids and the tertiary amino acids and their alkali metal salts are useful promoters for alkaline salts in "hot pot" acid gas scrubbing processes.

Abstract: A cyclic process and composition for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from a variety of gas streams is disclosed. The gas stream containing the sour gases is contacted with a specified reactant solution and a combination crystal modifier of phosphate and thiosulfate ions. The hydrogen sulfide is converted to sulfur, and the reactant is reduced. The process includes sulfur removal and regeneration of the reactant.

Abstract: A cyclic process and composition for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from a variety of gas streams is disclosed. The gas stream containing the sour gases is contacted with a specified reactant solution and a combination crystal modifier of phosphate and thiosulfate ions. The hydrogen sulfide is converted to sulfur, and the reactant is reduced. The process includes sulfur removal and regeneration of the reactant.

Abstract: The selective removal of H.sub.2 S gas from a normally gaseous mixture containing H.sub.2 S and CO.sub.2 is accomplished by contacting the gaseous mixture with an absorbent solution comprising a strongly basic tertiary amino compound having a pK.sub.a at 20.degree. C. greater than 8.6 and a boiling point at 760 mm greater than 180.degree. C. whereby H.sub.2 S is selectively absorbed from the mixture.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are disclosed for neutralizing acidic components in petroleum refining units. The neutralizing agent comprises a member selected from the group of dimethylaminoethanol and dimethylisopropanolamine. The neutralizing agent may be added directly to the charge, in a reflux line, or directly to the overhead line of the refining unit. In those instances in which sour crude is to be refined, it is desirable that dimethylisopropanolamine be used in conjunction with the dimethylaminoethanol. The neutralizing agents are added in an amount sufficient to elevate the pH of the condensate (as measured at the accumulator) to within the pH range of 4.5-7.

Abstract: The selective removal of H.sub.2 S gas from a normally gaseous mixture containing H.sub.2 S and CO.sub.2 is accomplished by contacting the gaseous mixture with an absorbent solution comprising a nitrogen heterocyclic tertiary aminoalkanol or aminoetheralkanol whereby H.sub.2 S is selectively absorbed from the mixture.

Abstract: A low melting, eutectic melt salt composition comprising Li.sub.2 CO.sub.3, Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3 and K.sub.2 CO.sub.3, also containing MnCO.sub.3, is disclosed including its use as a melt in the process for the removal of contaminants, e.g., H.sub.2 S, COS and/or fly ash, from gases obtained by partial oxidation/combustion.

Abstract: A solid pollution-treatment product consisting of a core material of lime, quicklime or hydrated lime. The core is surrounded by a cracked shell formed of either calcium sulfate or calcium carbonate, such materials being referred to in this and prior applications of inventor by the coined terms "Linfans" and "Linveins", respectively.The described particulate material is particularly reactive to sulfur oxide bearing gases. Reactivity of such core material is even further enhanced by increasing its porosity through hydration and used in either the hydrated form or a selectively, partially or wholly dehydrated form before exposure to the sulfur oxide pollutants intended to be removed from flue gas or the like.

Abstract: The method of this invention entails reducing the carbon monoxide content in the exhaust discharges of small internal combustion engines. The exhaust discharges are passed over an amalgamated block consisting of cuprous chloride and tricalcium silicate; the cuprous chloride serves as the active ingredient. The underlining principle is that carbon monoxide in the exhuast discharges reacts with cuprous chloride whereas an addition product is formed (CuCl.CO.H.sub.2 O). The invention also includes a housing into which the amalgamated block is situated.

Abstract: A corrosion inhibited composition containing a gas conditioning solution such as an alkanol amine with water or with organic solvents and with small amounts of soluble thiocyanate compounds, soluble trivalent bismuth compounds with or without soluble divalent nickel or cobalt compounds. The compositions are useful to separate acid gases such as carbon dioxide from hydrocarbon feed streams in gas conditioning apparatus with minimum amounts of corrosion of the ferrous surfaces.

Abstract: Chlorine-containing gases which may be formed in containers of solid chloroisocyanurates such as trichloroisocyanuric acid are adsorbed and decomposed by a gas scavenging agent consisting essentially of silica gel, an alkali metal bicarbonate, and carbon. The gas scavenger is preferably enclosed in a gas permeable spun-bonded polyolefin envelope. The scavenging agent adsorbs moisture, absorbs and decomposes nitrogen trichloride, removes chlorine, and neutralizes hydrogen chloride formed. The gas scavenging mixture is physically compatible and readily blended while minimizing dusting during packaging operations.

Abstract: The corrosion of ferrous metal surfaces in gas conditioning apparatus is inhibited by using a gas conditioning solution such as aqueous alkanolamines which contain thionitrogen compounds such as metal thiocyanates or thioamides. After recycling the gas conditioning solution for a few days, the solution dissolves sufficient amounts of nickel or cobalt or other metals in the equipment to act as a synergist with the thionitrogen compounds. In the event, the equipment does not contain any soluble synergistic metals, these metals may be added to the gas conditioning solution as soluble metal salts. Examples of useful additive metals are cobalt, nickel, calcium, copper, chromium, zinc, tin, aluminum, and magnesium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an alkaline salt promoter system comprising specific mixtures of sterically hindered monosubstituted alpha-amino acids and tertiary amino acids and its use in acid gas scrubbing processes. The preferred promoter system comprises a mixture of N-secondary butyl glycine and N-methyl-N-secondary butyl glycine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an alkaline salt promoter system which includes N-secondary butyl glycine and its use in acid gas scrubbing processes.

Abstract: The selective removal of H.sub.2 S gas from a normally gaseous mixture containing H.sub.2 S and CO.sub.2 is accomplished by contacting the gaseous mixture with an absorbent solution comprising a severely sterically hindered secondary amino compound having a cumulative .sup.- E.sub.s value (Taft's steric hindrance constant) greater than about 1.75 whereby H.sub.2 S is selectively absorbed from the mixture.

Abstract: The selective removal of H.sub.2 S gas from a normally gaseous mixture containing H.sub.2 S and CO.sub.2 is accomplished by contacting the gaseous mixture with an absorbent solution comprising a diaminoether wherein at least one amino group is a tertiary amine whereby H.sub.2 S is selectively absorbed from the mixture.

Abstract: The selective removal of H.sub.2 S gas from a normally gaseous mixture containing H.sub.2 S and CO.sub.2 is accomplished by contacting the gaseous mixture with an absorbent solution comprising a di-secondary aminoether wherein each amino group has a severely sterically hindered secondary amino moiety whereby H.sub.2 S is selectively absorbed from the mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an alkaline salt promoter system comprising specific mixtures of lower aliphatic mono-substituted alpha amino acids and sterically hindered diamino or triamino compounds and their use in acid gas scrubbing processes. The preferred promoter system comprises a mixture of N-secondary butyl glycine and N-cyclohexyl-1,3-propanediamine or N-cyclohexyl-1, 4-butanediamine.

Abstract: The selective removal of H.sub.2 S gas from a normally gaseous mixture containing H.sub.2 S and CO.sub.2 is accomplished by contacting the gaseous mixture with an absorbent solution comprising a tertiary amino azabicyclic alcohol whereby H.sub.2 S is selectively absorbed from the mixture.

Abstract: The selective removal of H.sub.2 S gas from a normally gaseous mixture containing H.sub.2 S and CO.sub.2 is accomplished by contacting the gaseous mixture with an absorbent solution comprising a severely sterically hindered secondary aminoether alcohol having a cumulative .sup.- -E.sub.s value (Taft's steric hindrance constant) greater than about 1.75 whereby H.sub.2 S is selectively absorbed from the mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an alkaline promoter system comprising specific mixtures of nonsterically hindered amino compounds and sterically hindered amino acids and their use in acid gas scrubbing processes. The preferred promoter system comprises a mixture of (i) diethanol amine or 1,6-hexanediamine and (ii) N-secondary butyl glycine or pipecolinic acid.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for the manufacture of desulfurizing agents containing 1-6 weight % chemically combined water, based on calcium oxide and carbon-containing calcium carbide, for crude iron and steel melts. More particularly, the disclosure provides for a molten mixture of calcium carbide and calcium oxide containing 20 to 80 weight % CaO to be made from lime and coke; for the mixture to be allowed to cool and solidify into a block; for the solidified block while it still has an average temperature of more than 400.degree. C. to be crushed to particles with a size of less than 150 mm; for the comminuted mixture, which still has a temperature of at least 400.degree. C.

Abstract: By separating a noxious-component-containing flue gas into two separate streams, subjecting one of these streams to dry purification and the other to wet purification, and recombining the resulting purified streams, purified flue gas is obtained at a temperature greater than the dew point of remaining corrosive constituents. This makes it possible to disseminate the recombined product through pipes and chimneys without a deleterious effect thereon.The beneficial results are obtained without having to heat the recombined gas stream even though the wet-purification process yields purified gas at a temperature far below that which is desired.Both the dry- and the wet-purification processes are significantly enhanced by incorporating piperazine in treating materials. Sorption agents used in the dry purification are reused in the wet purification, enhancing the efficiency of the disclosed system.

Abstract: An extractant system comprising (a) a high molecular weight alkylaromatic sulfonic acid and (b) a chelating amine having a pKa of from about 3 to about 9 in a solvent which is essentially immiscible with water, said system being useful for the selective extraction of desired metals, e.g., cobalt, nickel or copper ions from aqueous acidic ore leach liquors.

Abstract: Acidic gases containing carbon dioxide are removed from a normally gaseous mixture by absorbing CO.sub.2 from the gaseous mixture with an aqueous solution comprising a basic alkali metal salt or hydroxide and an activator or promoter system for the salt or hydroxide which contains (i) at least one non-sterically hindered diamine defined as having both a primary and a tertiary amino moiety wherein the primary amino moiety is attached to a primary carbon atom, and (ii) an amino acid, and desorbing at least partially the absorbed CO.sub.2 from the aqueous solution.

Abstract: Acidic gases containing carbon dioxide are removed from a normally gaseous mixture by absorbing CO.sub.2 from the gaseous mixture with an aqueous solution comprising a basic alkali metal salt or hydroxide and an activator or promoter system for the salt or hydroxide which contains (i) at least one diaminoalcohol of the formula:H.sub.2 N--(CH.sub.2).sub.4 --NRR'wherein R and R' each independently represent a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group and either R or R' or both R and R' have a pendant hydroxyl group, and (ii) an amino acid, and desorbing at least partially the absorbed CO.sub.2 from the aqueous solution.

Abstract: The corrosion of iron and steel surfaces by an aqueous alkanolamine conditioning solution used to remove CO.sub.2 from a gas stream is effectively inhibited by a combination of a vanadium containing ion and a di- or triamine. A surprising fact is that some of the amine co-inhibitors have been identified by others in the art as promoting ferrous metal corrosion.

Abstract: The corrosion of iron and steel surfaces by an aqueous alkanolamine conditioning solution used to remove CO.sub.2 from a gas stream is effectively inhibited by a combination of a vanadium containing ion and a soluble cobalt salt. This system allows the use of higher amine concentrations which in turn allows a higher carbon dioxide loading with low corrosion thereby improving the energy efficiency of the gas sweetening process.

Abstract: An oxygen and carbon dioxide absorbent comprising (A) a particulate substance wherein the particles of a hydrous alkali substance are covered with separator particles, (B) iron powder and (C) an electrolyte and a process for storing coffee by using the same is disclosed.

Abstract: A reagent composition which is chemically inert when solid and is chemica reactive when molten comprises a first substance selected from high molecular weight waxes and polymers and a second substance dissolved, dispersed, or encapsulated in the first substance. The second substance is highly chemically reactive and is selected from strong bases and strong acids. The composition is particularly adapted for use in safety devices automatically activated in response to an increase in the temperature of a chemical system and in processes for automatically discontinuing the operation of or decontaminating the products of a malfunctioning chemical system.