With Low-volatile Solvent Or Absorbent Patents (Class 252/69)
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Patent number: 6635187Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing compositions including (a) a compound selected from the group consisting of CHF2CF3, CHF2CHF2, CH2FCF3, CH3CF3, CH3CHF2, CH2FCF2CHF2 and CHF2CF2CF2CHF2 and (b) at least one saturated halogenated hydrocarbon and/or ether having the formula: CnH2n+2-a-bClaFbOc wherein n is an integer from 1 to 4, a is an integer from 0 to 2n+1, b is an integer from 1 to 2n+2-a, and c is 0 or 1, provided that when c is 1 then n is an integer from 2 to 4, and provided that component (b) does not include the selected component (a) compound, wherein the molar ratio of component (b) to component (a) is between about 1:99 and a molar ratio of HF to component (a) in an azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition of component (a) with HF.Type: GrantFiled: November 15, 2000Date of Patent: October 21, 2003Assignee: E. I. du Pont de Nemours and CompanyInventors: Barry A. Mahler, V. N. Mallikarjuna Rao, Allen Capron Sievert
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Patent number: 6627106Abstract: Thermal energy in the form of heat of phase transformation can be stored in a ternary salt mixture of the formula: ANO3+LiNO3+Mg(NO3)2.6H2O.Type: GrantFiled: September 19, 2000Date of Patent: September 30, 2003Assignee: Merck Patent GmbHInventors: Natascha Lotz, Mark Neuschütz
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Patent number: 6586488Abstract: Azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and at least one hydrocarbon selected from the group n-pentane, iso-pentane, cyclopentane, n-hexane and iso-hexane are provided. The compositions of the invention are useful in the preparation of polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams.Type: GrantFiled: June 10, 1997Date of Patent: July 1, 2003Assignee: AlliedSignal Inc.Inventor: Ian Robert Shankland
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Patent number: 6527974Abstract: An aqueous absorption fluid composition, process and apparatus wherein the absorption fluid contains at least one monofunctional ether heat and mass transfer additive which provides improved water vapor absorption and thermal transfer in thermal exchange loops used in absorption refrigeration, chilling, heat pump, energy storage and other thermal transfer applications.Type: GrantFiled: September 29, 2000Date of Patent: March 4, 2003Assignee: Gas Research InstituteInventor: Travis Chandler
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Publication number: 20030030028Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for producing a fatty acid salt, the method comprising reacting a fatty acid with a metal oxide or a metal hydroxide by use of an extruder having at least a stock supply zone, a kneading/reaction zone, and a cooling zone. The invention provides a high-productivity, highly efficient method for continuously producing a fatty acid salt and a method for effectively producing a fatty acid salt having a high unsaturated fatty acid content and a low melting temperature.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 15, 2002Publication date: February 13, 2003Inventor: Masahide Nakata
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Patent number: 6511610Abstract: Composition consisting essentially of 55 to 94% R-125, 2.5 to 35% of R-134a and 3.5 to 25% by weight of DME, and its use as a refrigerant in a heat transfer system designed for R-22 and comprising, as lubricant, a mineral oil or an alkylbenzene oil.Type: GrantFiled: August 29, 2001Date of Patent: January 28, 2003Assignee: AtofinaInventors: Laurent Caron, Gérard Guilpain
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Publication number: 20030010955Abstract: Humidifying solution for offset printing sheets and method and device for its preparation.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 21, 2002Publication date: January 16, 2003Inventor: Gerardo Antonio Romero Salvo
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Patent number: 6502410Abstract: Refrigerants containing HCFC's are replaced with new blends by using R-236fa and R-125, or R-125 with R-245fa, or R-236ea, or R-134a with R-236fa in place of HCFC's. No hardware or oil composition changes are required to maintain temperatures, pressures and capacity substantially unchanged in a refrigeration system.Type: GrantFiled: June 28, 2001Date of Patent: January 7, 2003Assignee: IGC-Polycold Systems, Inc.Inventors: Oleg Podtchereniaev, Mikhail Boiarski, Tamirisa Apparao, Kevin Flynn, Boris Yudin, Vladimir Mogarichni
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Publication number: 20020130297Abstract: Carbonaceous semiconductor material is prepared by heating an organic polymer to carbonize the polymer and incorporating into the carbonized polymer one or more hetero atoms such as those of Group II, III, IV, V and VI of the Periodic Table. Carbonaceous semiconductor material is also prepared by heating an organic polymer containing one or more of the hetero atoms until the hetero atom-containing polymer is carbonized.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 8, 2002Publication date: September 19, 2002Inventors: Masao Doyama, Shigehiko Yamada
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Patent number: 6432319Abstract: An absorption heat pump achieves improved efficiency by lowering the low cycle temperature of the circulation fluid. This is accomplished by adding a crystallization-inhibiting compound to the circulation fluid which substantially depresses the temperature at which the absorbent salt in the fluid begins to crystallize.Type: GrantFiled: October 23, 2000Date of Patent: August 13, 2002Assignee: University of UtahInventors: Terry A. Ring, James A. Dirksen
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Patent number: 6389841Abstract: A family of organometallic liquid absorbents that can have their thermophysical properties tailored for specific applications. Processes to manufacture these liquid absorbents and methods to optimize their thermodynamic properties are included. These organometallic liquid absorbents are used in compressor driven and heat driven heat pumps (50) and cryocoolers (99). With optimum thermodynamic properties, these heat pumps systems are highly efficient. These liquid absorbents are not damaging to the environment, are non-toxic and non-corrosive and are applicable to environmentally clean and highly efficient heat pumps, refrigerators, air conditioners, process heating and cooling systems, electronics cooling systems, cryocoolers and gas separation processes.Type: GrantFiled: August 16, 2000Date of Patent: May 21, 2002Assignee: HySorb Technology, Inc.Inventors: Karl Thomas Feldman, Jr., Craig M. Jensen
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Publication number: 20020056828Abstract: Moisture is removed from gas by contacting the gas with a solution of potassium formate to remove moisture from the gas, regenerating the potassium formate solution by removing water from it, and returning the potassium formate solution to contact gas to dehydrate it. Regeneration of the potassium formate solution is most preferably accomplished in a cavitation regenerator. The gas is most preferably natural gas.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 24, 2001Publication date: May 16, 2002Applicant: Clearwater, Inc.Inventor: John H. Hallman
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Publication number: 20020050583Abstract: Composition consisting essentially of 55 to 94% R-125, 2.5 to 35% of R-134a and 3.5 to 25% by weight of DME, and its use as a refrigerant in a heat transfer system designed for R-22 and comprising, as lubricant, a mineral oil or an alkylbenzene oil.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 29, 2001Publication date: May 2, 2002Inventors: Laurent Caron, Gerard Guilpain
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Patent number: 6361710Abstract: An absorbent refrigerant composition containing an aqueous solution of zinc and lithium bromides with an added amount of hydroxide ions. The addition of the hydroxide ions lowers the corrosion rate of the composition to an acceptable level without raising the freeze point of the composition. The composition is particularly suitable for use as an absorbent refrigerant composition in the high temperature loop of a dual loop triple effect absorption refrigeration apparatus.Type: GrantFiled: April 26, 1994Date of Patent: March 26, 2002Assignee: Gas Research InstituteInventor: Robert James Modahl
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Publication number: 20020033469Abstract: The rate of water vapor sorption of an absorption cycle cooling and/or heating system using an aqueous alkali metal halide solution as the working fluid is increased by adding to the fluid an effective additive amount of at least 2 parts per million of an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or aromatic ketone or aldehyde capable of increasing the rate of water vapor absorption.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 28, 2001Publication date: March 21, 2002Inventors: Travis Chandler, Uwe Rockenfeller
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Patent number: 6348515Abstract: Foam blowing agents blends of HFC-134a and a pentane selected from n-pentane, i-pentane and i-pentane/cyclopentane are provided, as are polyol premixes and polyurethane foam compositions containing such blends.Type: GrantFiled: September 6, 2000Date of Patent: February 19, 2002Assignee: Atofina Chemicals, Inc.Inventors: Jinhuang Wu, Douglas R. Dillon
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Publication number: 20020000534Abstract: The present invention provides refrigerant blends which are replacements for chlorodifluoromethane(HCFC-22). The present blends have refrigeration characteristics which are similar to HCFC-22. The blends comprise from about 10 to about 90 weight percent of a first component selected from the group consisting of 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, difluoromethane, propane, and mixtures thereof; from about 1 to about 50 weight percent of a second component selected from the group consisting of hydrofluorocarbon having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, fluorocarbon having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, inorganic compound, and mixtures thereof having a boiling point at atmospheric pressure in the range from about −90 degrees C. to less than −50 degrees C.; and from about 1 to about 50 weight percent of a third component which is hydrofluorocarbon having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, other than 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, having a boiling point at atmospheric pressure in the range from about −50 degrees C. to about −10 degrees C.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 1, 2000Publication date: January 3, 2002Inventors: Robert G Richard, Ian Robert Shankland, Rajiv Ratna Singh, Michiel Jacques Van Nieuwstadt
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Patent number: 6328908Abstract: The rate of water vapor sorption of an absorption cycle cooling and/or heating system using an aqueous alkali metal halide solution as the working fluid is increased by adding to the fluid an effective additive amount of at least 2 parts per million of an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or aromatic ketone or aldehyde capable of increasing the rate of water vapor absorption.Type: GrantFiled: July 14, 1999Date of Patent: December 11, 2001Assignee: Rocky ResearchInventors: Travis Chandler, Uwe Rockenfeller
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Publication number: 20010034378Abstract: Foam blowing agents blends of 5-50 mole % HCFC-22 and 95-50 mole % of n-pentane, i-pentane and/or cyclopentane are provided, as are polyol premixes and polyurethane foam compositi ons containing such blends.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 16, 2001Publication date: October 25, 2001Applicant: Atofina Chemicals, Inc.Inventors: Jinhuang Wu, Douglas R. Dillon
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Patent number: 6267908Abstract: Anticorrosion solutions useful for refrigeration processes are disclosed. Halides of Group Va metallic elements can be added to alkali metal halide absorption refrigeration solutions to minimize corrosion of the refrigeration system.Type: GrantFiled: January 5, 2000Date of Patent: July 31, 2001Assignee: FMC CorporationInventors: Shyam Kumar Verma, Manuel Sarkis Mekhjian, George Robert Sandor, Philip John Boon
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Patent number: 6221276Abstract: The invention relates to a heat transfer liquid for ventilation and air-conditioning installations to be used at low temperatures, in which installations heat is recovered from the exhaust air and conveyed to the supply air by means of a heat transfer liquid. For lowering the costs and eliminating environmental risks, the heat transfer liquid contains potassium formiate and water.Type: GrantFiled: June 11, 1999Date of Patent: April 24, 2001Assignee: ABB Installaatiot OyInventor: Dan Sarin
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Patent number: 6203718Abstract: A corrosion-inhibited working fluid for an aqueous ammonia absorption cycle apparatus is charged with an alkali metal base in the concentration range of 0.0003 to 0.0063 moles per liter of water. A process for controlling corrosion and hydrogen generation in the aqueous ammonia absorption cycle apparatus is also disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: August 30, 1999Date of Patent: March 20, 2001Inventor: Donald C. Erickson
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Patent number: 6187220Abstract: An aqueous absorption fluid composition, process and apparatus wherein the absorption fluid comprises certain ethers providing improved water vapor absorption and thermal transfer in thermal exchange loops used in absorption refrigeration, chilling, heat pump, energy storage and other thermal transfer applications.Type: GrantFiled: March 26, 1999Date of Patent: February 13, 2001Assignee: Gas Research InstituteInventor: Travis Chandler
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Patent number: 6177025Abstract: An absorption heat pump achieves improved efficiency by lowering the low cycle temperature of the circulation fluid. This is accomplished by adding a crystallization-inhibiting compound to the circulation fluid which substantially depresses the temperature at which the absorbent salt in the fluid begins to crystallize.Type: GrantFiled: November 17, 1998Date of Patent: January 23, 2001Assignee: University of UtahInventors: Terry A. Ring, James A. Dirksen
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Patent number: 6136875Abstract: A blowing agent for foaming polystyrene consisting essentially of at least one low permeability compound (preferably a volatile organic compound (VOC)), at least one low volatility compound (preferably a non-VOC) and, optionally, at least one high volatility compound (preferably a non-VOC). In one embodiment, the low permeability volatile organic compound is selected from the group consisting of isopentane and isobutane, the low volatility non-volatile organic compound is acetone and the high volatility non-volatile organic compound is carbon dioxide. The blowing agent of the present invention may be used to foam a polystyrene foam structure. The blowing agent is directed to achieving low fugitive VOC emissions.Type: GrantFiled: March 25, 1999Date of Patent: October 24, 2000Assignee: Tenneco Packaging, Inc.Inventors: Wen Pao Wu, Gary A. Francis
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Patent number: 6107267Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovering HF from a product mixture including HF and CF.sub.3 CF.sub.2 CHF.sub.2. The process involves (1) distilling the product mixture to remove all products which have a lower boiling point than the lowest boiling azeotrope containing HF and CF.sub.3 CF.sub.2 CHF.sub.2 ; and (2) distilling the azeotrope to recover HF as an azeotropic composition containing HF and CF.sub.3 CF.sub.2 CHF.sub.2. Also disclosed are compositions of hydrogen fluoride in combination with an effective amount of CF.sub.3 CF.sub.2 CHF.sub.2 to form an azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition with hydrogen fluoride, (e.g., compositions containing from about 57.1 to 67.2 mole percent CF.sub.3 CF.sub.2 CHF.sub.2).A process for producing certain compositions comprising(a) CF.sub.3 CF.sub.2 CHF.sub.2 and (b) at least one saturated halogenated hydrocarbon and/or ether having the formula:C.sub.n H.sub.2n+2-a-b Cl.sub.a F.sub.b O.sub.Type: GrantFiled: August 20, 1998Date of Patent: August 22, 2000Assignee: E. I. du Pont de Nemours and CompanyInventors: V. N. Mallikarjuna Rao, Allen Capron Sievert, Munirpallam A. Subramanian
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Patent number: 6083416Abstract: Organic compounds useful as anticorrosion agents in refrigeration systems. The organic compounds can be added directly into the refrigeration systems. Alternatively the organic compound can be added to an alkali metal halide absorption refrigeration solutions. The organic compounds can minimize corrosion of the refrigeration system.Type: GrantFiled: July 16, 1997Date of Patent: July 4, 2000Assignee: FMC CorporationInventors: Shyam Kumar Verma, Manuel Sarkis Mekhjian, George Robert Sandor, Philip John Boon
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Patent number: 6080799Abstract: Mixtures containing 50 to 99% by weight of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane and 1 to 50% by weight of at least one fluorohydrocarbon selected from 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, and 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane. The mixtures are extremely well suited for use as foaming gases for a blowing agent to produce foamed plastic materials, particularly polyurethane foams. The mixtures are not combustible and exhibit improved insulating properties, particularly when used at low temperatures.Type: GrantFiled: June 16, 1999Date of Patent: June 27, 2000Assignee: Solvay Fluor und Derivate GmbHInventors: Werner Kruecke, Lothar Zipfel
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Patent number: 6033595Abstract: Anticorrosion solutions useful for refrigeration processes are disclosed. Halides of Group Va metallic elements can be added to alkali metal halide absorption refrigeration solutions to minimize corrosion of the refrigeration system.Type: GrantFiled: July 17, 1997Date of Patent: March 7, 2000Assignee: FMC CorporationInventors: Shyam Kumar Verma, Manuel Sarkis Mekhjian, George Robert Sandor, Philip John Boon
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Patent number: 6024892Abstract: Anticorrosion and pH-stabilized brine solutions useful for air dehumidification processes are disclosed. Inorganic and organic buffering agents or mixtures thereof can be added to halide solutions of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, or mixtures thereof, to stabilize the pH and/or minimize corrosion of the dehumidifier system. The solution, with or without additional corrosion inhibitors, can offer improved protection as compared to conventionally used inhibitors during repeated dehumidification cycles. In addition, new corrosion inhibitors are disclosed, such as heteropoly anions and phosphonates, which offer improved corrosion protection in closed or open systems during repeated dehumidification cycles or selected applications. These corrosion inhibitors offer improved protection for metals when used with the buffers disclosed herein.Type: GrantFiled: October 6, 1997Date of Patent: February 15, 2000Assignee: FMC CorporationInventors: Shyam Kumar Verma, George Robert Sandor, K. Brian Fitch
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Patent number: 6004475Abstract: Anticorrosion solutions useful for refrigeration processes are disclosed. Heteropoly complex anions of transitional metal elements can be added to alkali metal halide absorption refrigeration solutions to minimize corrosion of the refrigeration system.Type: GrantFiled: June 23, 1997Date of Patent: December 21, 1999Assignee: FMC CorporationInventors: Shyam Kumar Verma, Manuel Sarkis Mekhjian, George Robert Sandor, Philip John Boon, Yurii I. Kuznetsov, Sergey V. Oleinik
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Patent number: 6004476Abstract: Anticorrosion solutions and processes useful for refrigeration processes are disclosed. Heteropoly complex anions of transitional metal elements can be added to an absorption refrigeration solutions which includes at least one alkali metal halide or similar compounds, or mixtures thereof, in combination with transition metal compounds or compounds of the metallic elements of Groups IIIa to VIa of the Periodic Table of Elements to minimize corrosion of the refrigeration system.Type: GrantFiled: October 6, 1997Date of Patent: December 21, 1999Assignee: FMC CorporationInventors: Shyam Kumar Verma, Manuel Sarkis Mekhjian, George Robert Sandor, Philip John Boon
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Patent number: 5939463Abstract: A blowing agent for foaming polystyrene consisting essentially of at least one low permeability volatile organic compound, at least one low volatility non-volatile organic compound and, optionally, at least one high volatility non-volatile organic compound. In one embodiment, the low permeability volatile organic compound is selected from the group consisting of isopentane and isobutane, the low volatility non-volatile organic compound is acetone and the high volatility non-volatile organic compound is carbon dioxide. The blowing agent of the present invention may be used to foam a polystyrene foam structure. The blowing agent is directed to achieving low fugitive volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions.Type: GrantFiled: October 1, 1997Date of Patent: August 17, 1999Assignee: Tenneco PackagingInventors: Wen Pao Wu, Gary A. Francis
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Patent number: 5846450Abstract: An absorbent for use in absorption refrigeration systems, air conditioning systems, heat pumps or dehumidifiers comprising a solution of potassium formate. The absorbent is relatively non-toxic and relatively non-corrosive towards metals. The absorbent is generally water-based but may also comprise ammonia or methanol. Additives such as corrosion inhibitors or other absorbent salts may be included.Type: GrantFiled: May 6, 1994Date of Patent: December 8, 1998Inventor: Stephen Atkinson
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Patent number: 5829259Abstract: The rate of water vapor sorption of an absorption cycle cooling and/or heating system using an aqueous alkali metal halide or hydroxide solution as the working fluid is increased by adding to the fluid an effective additive amount of at least 2 parts per million of a primary, secondary or tertiary aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic or aromatic amine to the fluid capable of increasing the rate of water vapor absorption.Type: GrantFiled: October 23, 1996Date of Patent: November 3, 1998Assignee: Rocky ResearchInventors: Travis Chandler, Uwe Rockenfeller
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Patent number: 5826436Abstract: A performance enhancing additive is introduced into a vapor compression system used in cooling and the like. The additive is selected from a class of compounds, e.g. tetraglyme, and added in a predetermined concentration measured relative to the mass of the system's lubricant. The additive can be soluble or non-soluble in the lubricant used in the system's single-phase compressor. It can be added anywhere in the system to provide lower thermodynamic load on the system compressor.Type: GrantFiled: September 3, 1996Date of Patent: October 27, 1998Assignee: Mainstream Engineering CorporationInventors: Robert P. Scaringe, Lawrence R. Grzyll
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Patent number: 5800729Abstract: The invention discloses novel azeotrope-like mixtures of fluorinated compounds which are useful for heating and cooling as heat transfer agents and/or refrigerants. The azeotrope-like mixture comprises: (a) pentafluoropropane; and (b) a hydrofluorocarbon of the formula: C.sub.x F.sub.y H.sub.z, wherein x is 3, 4, 5, or 6 and y and z are each independently 1 or a positive whole number such that the result of y/(y+z) is greater than 0.67.Type: GrantFiled: July 25, 1996Date of Patent: September 1, 1998Assignee: Electric Power ResearchInventors: David P. Wilson, Rajiv R. Singh, Rajat S. Basu, Ellen L. Swan, David Nalewajek
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Patent number: 5783104Abstract: A refrigerant/absorbent composition is disclosed which comprises an aqueous solution of at least one absorbent salt, present in an amount sufficient to provide utility of said composition as an absorbent, and at least one germanium compound, present in an amount sufficient to inhibit corrosion. Also, a method of inhibiting corrosion by adding a germanium compound to a refrigerant/absorbent composition is disclosed. Further, an absorption heat transferring machine having a working fluid which comprises an absorber salt, a germanium compound and water is disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: April 16, 1996Date of Patent: July 21, 1998Assignee: Gas Research InstituteInventor: Stephen Anthony Kujak
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Patent number: 5770048Abstract: An alcohol, specifically ethanol, methanol and isopropanol, is used to remove acid from a refrigeration system, a heat pump or an air conditioner. The alcohol vaporizes acid, primarily inorganic acid, in the system and, in the filter/dryer, reacts with surfaces or is adsorbed. The alcohol, the quantity of which is determined from the capacity of the filter/dryer, is introduced into the compressor oil sump for thorough mixing with the oil during compressor lubrication.Type: GrantFiled: August 24, 1995Date of Patent: June 23, 1998Assignee: Mainstream Engineering CorporationInventors: Robert Peter Scaringe, Nidal Abdul Samad, Lawrence Robert Grzyll
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Patent number: 5766504Abstract: In order to depress a crystallization temperature of an absorbent composition for an absorption refrigeration system without depressing vapor absorption ability, cesium chloride is added to an alkaline solution containing lithium bromide as a main component, in an amount of 0.01 to 15% by weight, based on the weight of an aqueous 64% lithium bromide solution.Type: GrantFiled: June 27, 1996Date of Patent: June 16, 1998Assignees: Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha, Kawasaki Thermal Engineering Co., Ltd.Inventors: Takatoshi Shoji, Yoshiaki Takatani, Akihiro Murakami, Kunihiko Nakajima
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Patent number: 5728315Abstract: Azeotrope-like compositions of trifluoromethane, carbon dioxide, ethane, and hexafluoroethane are provided. The compositions of the invention are environmentally desirable for use as refrigerants, aerosol propellants, blowing agents for polymer foam, heat transfer media, and gaseous dielectrics.Type: GrantFiled: May 1, 1996Date of Patent: March 17, 1998Assignee: AlliedSignal Inc.Inventors: Rajiv Ratna Singh, Ian Robert Shankland, Roy Phillip Robinson, Hang Thanh Pham, Raymond Hilton Percival Thomas, Peter Brian Logsdon
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Patent number: 5725793Abstract: The present invention proposes adding an alkaline solution or a mixture of two or more alkaline solutions to the agent system of absorption machines operating with ammonia or methylamine as the agent and water as the solvent. This addition of an alkaline solution or an alkaline solution mixture has a number of advantageous effects. These are, i.a.1. The dissolving respectively expelling heat of the agent is reduced, raising the output figure.2. The agent vapor generated is very pure. A dephlegmator is obviated.3. The alkaline solution makes steel surfaces inert when sealed from air and in a high vaccum, thereby obviating corrosion inhibitors.4. The viscosity of the solvent is reduced, decreasing pump operation.Type: GrantFiled: June 15, 1995Date of Patent: March 10, 1998Assignee: Universitat SieganInventors: Jurgen Keller, Ralf Peters
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Patent number: 5723058Abstract: Absorption heat pump system and process for heating, refrigeration, air conditioning and heat transforming, employing an aqueous buffer solution of a lithium salt therein; an aqueous buffer solution of a lithium salt perfectly neutral in pH useful as a coolant, achieving a very high C.O.P. at a temperature lift much higher than usual, without danger of crystallization, even at high generator temperature (up to 330.degree. C.) and evaporator temperature as low as minus 10.degree. C., while in most cases the absorber and condenser can be economically cooled by (ambient) air.Type: GrantFiled: April 1, 1996Date of Patent: March 3, 1998Inventor: Eiko A. Schuurman
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Patent number: 5716549Abstract: A new set of effective, environmentally safe, nonflammable, low-toxicity refrigerants, solvents, foam blowing agents, propellants, and firefighting agents is disclosed. The agents are clean, electrically nonconductive, and have short atmospheric lifetimes, zero ozone-depletion potential, and low global warming potentials. The agents comprise at least one fluoroiodocarbon agent satisfying the general formula C.sub.a H.sub.b Br.sub.c Cl.sub.d F.sub.e I.sub.f N.sub.g O.sub.h, wherein a is between and including 1 and 8; b is between and including 0 and 2; c, d, g, and h are each between and including 0 and 1; e is between and including 1 and 18; and f is between and including 1 and 2, either neat or mixed with additives selected from the group consisting of: alcohols, esters, ethers, fluoroethers, hydrocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, and perfluorocarbons.Type: GrantFiled: August 22, 1996Date of Patent: February 10, 1998Assignee: Ikon CorporationInventors: Jonathan Shelley Nimitz, Lance Harrell Lankford
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Patent number: 5674825Abstract: The present invention relates to new uses of difluoromethoxy-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (E245) or of compositions which contain difluoromethoxy-2,2,2-trifluoroethane together with a further solvent (cosolvent). The invention furthermore relates to new compositions of E245 as a mixture with some of these solvents. A preferred process of use is fixing toner applied to a recording material in the fixing device of a printing or copying apparatus by means of a fixing vapor composed of difluoromethoxy-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (E245) alone or in admixture with a cosolvent.Type: GrantFiled: July 6, 1995Date of Patent: October 7, 1997Assignee: Solvay Fluor und Derivate GmbHInventors: Hans Buchwald, Joachim Hellmann, Boleslaus Raszkowski
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Patent number: 5672294Abstract: Azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and at least one hydrocarbon selected from the group n-pentane, iso-pentane, cyclopentane, n-hexane and iso-hexane are provided. The compositions of the invention are useful in the preparation of polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams.Type: GrantFiled: April 10, 1996Date of Patent: September 30, 1997Assignee: AlliedSignal Inc.Inventors: Earl August Eugene Lund, deceased, Robert Christian Parker, Ian Robert Shankland
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Absorption refrigeration compositions containing thiocyanate, and absorption refrigeration apparatus
Patent number: 5653117Abstract: A refrigerant/absorbent composition is disclosed which comprises an aqueous solution of at least one lithium halide, at least one zinc halide, and a corrosion inhibiting amount of thiocyanate ion. Also, a method of inhibiting corrosion of the metallic parts of an absorption heat transfer machine by adding a thiocyanate compound to a refrigerant/absorbent composition is disclosed. Further disclosed is a triple-effect absorption heat transfer machine having a working fluid in contact with metallic parts, said working fluid comprising a corrosion inhibiting amount of at least one thiocyanate salt.Type: GrantFiled: April 15, 1996Date of Patent: August 5, 1997Assignee: Gas Research InstituteInventor: Stephen A. Kujak -
Patent number: 5611210Abstract: A new set of effective, environmentally safe, nonflammable, low-toxicity refrigerants, solvents, foam blowing agents, propellants, and firefighting agents is disclosed. The agents are clean, electrically nonconductive, and have short atmospheric lifetimes, zero ozone-depletion potential, and low global warming potentials. The agents comprise at least one fluoroiodocarbon agent satisfying the general formula C.sub.a H.sub.b Br.sub.c Cl.sub.d F.sub.e I.sub.f N.sub.g O.sub.h, wherein a is between and including 1 and 8; b is between and including 0 and 2; c, d, g, and h are each between and including 0 and 1; e is between and including 1 and 18; and f is between and including 1 and 2, either neat or mixed with additives selected from the group consisting of: alcohols, esters, ethers, fluoroethers, hydrocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, and perfluorocarbons.Type: GrantFiled: March 5, 1993Date of Patent: March 18, 1997Assignee: Ikon CorporationInventors: Jonathan S. Nimitz, Lance H. Lankford
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Patent number: 5607889Abstract: Process for producing an active composite consisting of a support and an active agent is disclosed. The process comprises mixing expanded graphite and an exfoliated lamellar compound, compressing the mixture to form a support which has a graphite density between 0.02 and 0.5 kg/dm.sup.3, and impregnating the support with the active agent. Such active composites are employed as reactants in thermochemical systems.Type: GrantFiled: January 19, 1995Date of Patent: March 4, 1997Assignee: Elf AquitaineInventors: Jacques Prosdocimi, Bernard Spinner
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Patent number: 5605647Abstract: A new set of effective, environmentally safe, nonflammable, low-toxicity refrigerants, solvents, foam blowing agents, propellants, and firefighting agents is disclosed. The agents are clean, electrically nonconductive, and have short atmospheric lifetimes, zero ozone-depletion potential, and low global warming potentials. The agents comprise at least one fluoroiodocarbon agent satisfying the general formula C.sub.a H.sub.b Br.sub.c Cl.sub.d F.sub.e I.sub.f N.sub.g O.sub.h, wherein a is between and including 1 and 8; b is between and including 0 and 2; c, d, g, and h are each between and including 0 and 1; e is between and including 1 and 18; and f is between and including 1 and 2, either neat or mixed with additives selected from the group consisting of: alcohols, esters, ethers, fluoroethers, hydrocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, and perfluorocarbons.Type: GrantFiled: June 30, 1994Date of Patent: February 25, 1997Assignee: Ikon CorporationInventors: Jonathan S. Nimitz, Lance H. Lankford