Abstract: The present invention involves a fill consisting of a plurality of plates that are preassembled into fill packs for application as fill media in cooling towers. A unique spacing and fastening system is employed to assemble individual plates into fill packs. The spacing system of the current invention utilizes a tube or rod which traverses apertures in the plates of the fill pack. The tube or rod is flattened or expanded in the area between the fill plates, thus locking the fill plates in place. The spacing system of the current invention provides substantially complete adjustability of the pitch of the fill plates. Alternatively, plate spacing can be effected by employing integral protrusions which bond to adjacent plates. The plates are designed to deploy a large amount of surface area in a compact volume and to allow free flow of fluids through the media. The plates utilize a ribbed structure which creates a relatively high strength-to-weight ratio for the individual plates.

Abstract: A diffusion driven desalination apparatus and related method includes structure for receiving a heated water stream and creating at least one region having a thin film of water and structure for forcing a low humidity air stream over the thin film of water, wherein water from the thin film of water evaporates and diffuses into the air stream to create a humidified air stream. A diffusion tower including at least one plenum can be used to create and transfer the humidified air stream. At least one condenser, such as a direct contact condenser, condenses the humidified air stream, wherein purified water is produced. Waste heat from a power plant can be used to provide the heated water stream and power plants can use the waste heat generated to inexpensively provide purified water.

Abstract: The invention includes a method and apparatus (100) for producing mist of a liquid phase having very fine and mono-dispersed droplets. The method is realized by an apparatus (100) including a partition (101), defined by a first side surface (107) and a second side surface (113). The first side surface (107) is wetted by a liquid phase to form a film thereon, while the second side surface (113) is substantially dry. A gas stream is directed through the partition (101) from the dry side (113) to the wetted side (107) thereby forming a mist having droplets of less than i micron in size and a concentration of at least 1,000,000,000,000 per cubic cm.

Abstract: A cooling tower having a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger includes at least one heat exchanger pack having a generally diamond shape. The heat exchanger pack includes a first set of passageways for receiving a stream of warm, water laden air and a second set of passageways for receiving ambient air. The first set of passageways and second set of passageways are separate. Cooling tower configurations including the heat exchanger pack are disclosed for achieving effluent plume abatement, and capture of a portion of the effluent for replacement back into the cooling tower reservoir or as a source of purified water.

Abstract: The present invention involves a fill formed of a plurality of plates that are pre-assembled into fill packs for application as fill media in cooling towers. A unique spacing and fastening system is employed to assemble individual plates into fill packs. The spacing system of the current invention utilizes a tube or rod which traverses apertures in the plates of the fill pack. The tube or rod is flattened or expanded in the area between the fill plates, thus locking the fill plates in place. The spacing system of the current invention provides substantially complete adjustability of the pitch of the fill plates. Alternatively, plate spacing can be effected by employing integral protrusions which bond to adjacent plates. The plates are designed to deploy a large amount of surface area in a compact volume and to allow free flow of fluids through the media. The plates utilize a ribbed structure which creates a relatively high strength-to weight ratio for the individual plates.

Abstract: A quench nozzle design introduces quench oil tangentially into the quench tube which cools the hot gaseous pyrolysis products coming out of the hot radiant tubes in a pyrolysis furnace (in ethylene manufacture). Besides cooling the hot gases, the quench oil introduced into the quench tube by this nozzle design keeps the wall of the quench tube wetted, which is necessary to prevent coke deposition on the quench tube. The nozzle has one quench oil entry, which eliminates the need for any restriction orifice required to evenly distribute quench oil flows that would otherwise be required with several nozzle entries. Also, the one-nozzle oil introduction has a larger diameter than that required where more than one nozzle is employed in this service. The replacement of multiple nozzles with a single larger diameter nozzle eliminates plugging problems caused by coke solids or, coke solid precursors, present in the quench oil.

Abstract: A heat transfer core for a water-cooling tower has a film fill sheet made from formed resin. The sheet then has a pattern of buttons, channels, dimples, and spacers formed on one surface of the sheet. Along the edges of the sheet, stiffening bars with spacers are formed. The sheets are positioned upright, spaced horizontally between the upper heated water and the lower cooled water reservoirs for a generally horizontal flow of cooling air across films of water flowing downwardly over the film fill sheets. The buttons, channels, and dimples direct water across the sheet to flow down in a meandering manner and to increase the length of time for water to descend the sheet and thereby maximize cooling.

Abstract: In an vapor-liquid contactor 4a for flowing down a liquid along the surface of a packing and contacting said liquid with the vapor while ascending the vapor, the improvement being characterized in that said packing is a non-promoting-fluid-dispersion type structured packing A1, A2 in which various types of thin sheets or tubes for determining the flow direction of the above liquid or vapor is laminated and arranged in the perpendicular direction, and said contactor includes at least one fluid distribution unit E1, E2 formed of a rough distribution part C1, C2 to distribute the liquid roughly and a minute distribution part B1, B2 to distribute the liquid minutely and equally.

Abstract: The present invention involves a fill consisting of a plurality of plates that are pre-assembled into fill packs for application as fill media in cooling towers. A unique spacing and fastening system is employed to assemble individual plates into fill packs. The spacing system of the current invention utilizes a tube or rod which traverses apertures in the plates of the fill pack. The tube or rod is flattened or expanded in the area between the fill plates, thus locking the fill plates in place. The spacing system of the current invention provides substantially complete adjustability of the pitch of the fill plates. Alternatively, plate spacing can be effected by employing integral protrusions which bond to adjacent plates. The plates are designed to deploy a large amount of surface area in a compact volume and to allow free flow of fluids through the media. The plates utilize a ribbed structure which creates a relatively high strength-to-weight ratio for the individual plates.

Abstract: The present invention involves a fill consisting of a plurality of plates that are pre-assembled into fill packs for application as fill media in cooling towers. A unique spacing and fastening system is employed to assemble individual plates into fill packs. The spacing system of the current invention utilizes a tube or rod which traverses apertures in the plates of the fill pack. The tube or rod is flattened or expanded in the area between the fill plates, thus locking the fill plates in place. The spacing system of the current invention provides substantially complete adjustability of the pitch of the fill plates. Alternatively, plate spacing can be effected by employing integral protrusions which bond to adjacent plates. The plates are designed to deploy a large amount of surface area in a compact volume and to allow free flow of fluids through the media. The plates utilize a ribbed structure which creates a relatively high strength-to-weight ratio for the individual plates.

Abstract: An air-decant device for the aeration and decanting of liquids stored in containers, comprising a pump which can pump air through the device to the liquid in the container and/or pump liquid from the container over an exposed surface or through a special nozzle to create a dome shaped flow of liquid to aerate the liquid before returning it to the container. In addition, the pump can pump liquid from the device via decanting attachment to decant the same to another container.

Abstract: A device to cool a channeled current of ambient air, utilizing the water heat of vaporization, by means of evaporating water from a solid material surface of any configuration. From a water distributor assembly 4, water is sprayed through water spray outlets 5 onto a conical evaporation surface 7, and evaporated by a current of air in a channel between this surface and the outer shroud 6, or between other evaporation surfaces 8,9 in stacked evaporation surface designs. Air is sucked from under the air inlet hood 3, at the top of the assembly, into the evaporation channel by air fan assembly 1 powered by an electric motor 2. Both are located in a protected position under conical evaporation surface 7. Excess moisture in the air current is drained into a water reservoir assembly 10 as the airflow is turned abruptly upward into the air fan assembly 1, and then into the building air duct 14. A water pump 12, located in sump 11, sends water through the water line 13 to the water distributor assembly 4.

Abstract: A nested, expandable, compact, liquid film fill sheet bundle is provided which facilitates shipment and then installation of the sheets to present a film fill pack for use in liquid cooling apparatus. The bundle includes a plurality of shingled, nested film fill sheets each having repeating, successive, area-increasing surface patterns on opposite faces thereof which complementally nest when the sheets are in bundled, shingled relationship. The sheets which are shingled are offset from the other sheets of the bundle by an amount equal to the width of each of the successive, repeating, surface area-increasing patterns in the sheets. The nested bundle is raised as a unit to the site of the fill pack where it is installed on support structure for the fill pack. The film fill sheets are then successively and sequentially expanded while carried by the fill pack support structure by shifting either one sheet with respect to the next adjacent sheet, or by shifting adjacent sheets relative to one another.

Abstract: The invention relates to a carburetor arrangement for an internal combustion engine (1) which drives a work apparatus. The engine (1) had an intake channel (3) leading through a carburetor (2). The intake channel (3) includes an intake opening (4) on the side of the carburetor (2) facing away from the engine (1). A baffle wall (5) is provided and covers the intake opening (4) at least partially. The baffle wall (5) is mounted transversely to the longitudinal axis (6) of the intake channel (3) at a spacing to the intake opening (4). The baffle wall (5) and the intake opening (4) define a baffle enclosure (7) disposed therebetween. At least a first component part (8) of the baffle wall (5) is inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis (6) of the intake channel (3) in such a manner that fuel droplets (9), which exit from the intake channel (3) and which impinge on the first component part (8) of the baffle wall (5), form a fuel film (10).

Abstract: An absorber having a shell, wet tubes and cooling fluid supply and collection portions. Partition walls divide the shell into at least three zones. The wet tubes are disposed parallelly in the shell, passing through the partition walls. The opposite open ends of the wet tube locate in the uppermost and lowermost zones of the shell, respectively. The cooling fluid supply portion communicates with the open end of the wet tube to supply a cooling fluid thereto. The cooling fluid collection portion communicates with the other open end of the wet tube and discharge it outside. A gap is formed between the wet tube and the partition walls facing the intermediate zone. The cooling fluid continuously flows in the wet tubes, while supplying the liquid working fluid to the uppermost zone so as to flow down from the gap. The liquid working fluid flows through the gap to the zone locating below the intermediate zone and is discharged outside.

Abstract: A quench nozzle design introduces quench oil tangentially into the quench tube which cools the hot gaseous pyrolysis products coming out of the hot radiant tubes in a pyrolysis furnace (in ethylene manufacture). Besides cooling the hot gases, the quench oil introduced into the quench tube by this nozzle design keeps the wall of the quench tube wetted, which is necessary to prevent coke deposition on the quench tube. The nozzle has one quench oil entry, which eliminates the need for any restriction orifice required to evenly distribute quench oil flows that would otherwise be required with several nozzle entries. Also, the one-nozzle oil introduction has a larger diameter than that required where more than one nozzle is employed in this service. The replacement of multiple nozzles (and restriction orifices) with a single larger diameter nozzle eliminates plugging problems caused by coke solids or, coke solid precursors, present in the quench oil.

Abstract: Structured packing for mass-exchange or energy-exchange processes uses a stack of parallel, flat sheets forming flat channels therebetween. A number of tabs extends between adjacent pairs of sheets to form both bridges for fluid flow and spacers for structural rigidity of the packing. Some of the tabs serve predominantly to divert fluid over the entire surface of a given sheet to prevent so-called channeling, while other tabs are disposed to predominantly enhance fluid transfer between the adjacent sheets. Fluid communication between both sides of each sheet is facilitated due to slots caused by the punching of the tabs. Preferably, the tabs or even entire sheets are perforated as well to facilitate fluid wetting of downward-faced portions of the tabs thus reducing “dry zones” on the packing.

Abstract: A new fundamental structure that is simply and inexpensively formed offers a wide variety of functional attributes. The structure is formed from thin film sheet stock by pressure induced formation of select arrays of depressions and raised portions. The patterns formed provide an approximate minimal surface. Composite structures created by selective arrangement of the deformed sheets provide a highly functional arrangement of passageways and support lattice. These structures have low density, high strength, and select fluid carrying and heat exchange capabilities.