Abstract: Iron compound particles comprise a ?-FeOOH crystal phase and a metal element other than Fe with which the ?-FeOOH crystal phase is doped, wherein the metal element other than Fe is at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of elements of Al as well as 3d and 4d transition metals belonging to periodic table Groups 4 to 12 other than Fe, an atomic ratio of the metal element other than Fe to the Fe element (metal element other than Fe/Fe element) is 0.001 to 0.5, and the iron compound particles satisfy at least one of the following requirements (A) and (B): (A) having a crystallite diameter of 1 to 60 nm when measured by X-ray diffraction; and (B) having an average particle diameter of 1 to 600 nm when measured by dynamic light scattering in a solvent.

Abstract: A casting apparatus for producing a casting by pouring a metal melt into a gas-permeable casting mold by gravity, comprising: a gas-permeable casting mold comprising a cavity including a sprue composed of a tubular portion and a cup portion having a larger diameter than that of the tubular portion to receive the metal melt, a runner constituting a flow path of the metal melt supplied through the sprue, and a product-forming cavity to be filled with the metal melt sent through the runner; a means for pouring the metal melt into the sprue by gravity; a gas-blowing unit comprising a gas-ejecting member to be connected to the sprue; and a mechanism for moving the gas-ejecting member; the gas-ejecting-member-moving mechanism placing the gas-ejecting member at a position just above the tubular portion and not interfering with gravity pouring of the metal melt, and moving it downward for connection to the tubular portion; the gas-blowing unit having blowing a gas to fill the product-forming cavity with the metal mel

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a laminated core, a laminated core body 14 including magnet insertion holes 12 and 13 with magnet pieces 15 inserted therein is placed between a molding (upper) die 10 and a retaining (lower) die 11, and a molding resin 19 is filled from resin reservoir portions (pots) 16 to fix the pieces 15 in the holes 12 and 13. Between the die 10 and the body 14, a guide member 18 is placed, which includes resin passages 31 provided from the portions 16 to the holes 12 and 13 and gates 30 connecting to the holes 12 and 13 on downstream sides of the passages 31. The method can reduce lead time of a production line without replacing the molding dies for different laminated rotor cores and thus without preparing different types of molding dies.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of activating an organic coating to enhance adhesion of the coating to a further coating and/or to other entities comprising applying a solvent and a surface chemistry and/or surface topography modifying agent to the organic coating. The invention also relates to a coated substrate having an activated coating, wherein the adhesion of the coating to a further coating and/or other entities has been enhanced by application of a solvent and a surface chemistry and/or surface topography modifying agent to the coating. The invention further relates to an activation treatment for an organic coating to enhance adhesion of the coating to a further coating and/or to other entities comprising a solvent and a surface chemistry and/or surface topography modifying agent and a method for the preparation of the activation treatment.

Abstract: An alternating current power capacitor including one or more capacitor bodies (e.g., bobbins) having conductive and dielectric film windings, wherein edges of the conductive film windings define a plane forming at least one capacitor body contact surface, one or more electrodes having one or more electrode contact surfaces and a housing operative to apply compressive force that binds the capacitor body and electrode together so that to maintain uniform electrical and thermal conductive contact throughout a plane parallel to and between the electrode contact surface and capacitor body contact surface.

Abstract: A refractory material contains: 40 mass % or more of MgO; 4 to 30 mass % of a free carbon component; and one or more of B2O3, P2O5, SiO2 and TiO2, in a total amount of 0.3 to 3 mass %, with the remainder being at least one other type of additional refractory component. A void layer exists in an interface between a carbon-containing matrix microstructure residing at least on opposite sides of a maximum-size one of a plurality of MgO-containing particles in the refractory material, and the maximum-size MgO-containing particle. A sum of respective thicknesses of the void layer at two positions on the opposite sides is 0.2 to 3.0% of a ratio with respect to particle size of the maximum-size MgO-containing particle. An inorganic compound of MgO and the one or more of B2O3, P2O5, SiO2 and TiO2 exists entirety or partially in a surface of each of the MgO-containing particles.

Abstract: Structural adhesives are prepared from an elastomeric toughener that contains urethane and/or urea groups, and have some terminal isocyanate groups that are capped with a phenol and other terminal isocyanate groups that are capped with a hydroxy-functional acrylate or a hydroxy-functional methacrylate. In certain embodiments, the presence of both types of capping on the toughener leads to higher impact peel strengths and a greater level of cohesive failure, than when the toughener is capped with a phenol an hydroxy-functional acrylate or hydroxy-functional methacrylate alone.

Abstract: A structural insulated panel includes a core of thermally insulating material having a first side and a second side opposite the first side, a first skin coupled to the first side of the core, and a second skin coupled to the second side of the core. The first skin, the second skin, or both the first and second skins may include a sheet of reinforced concrete material. Each sheet of reinforced concrete material may include calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement and a reinforcing material disposed in at least a portion of the CSA cement.

Abstract: An aircraft fuel tank ullage gas management system is disclosed. The system includes an electrochemical cell having a membrane electrode assembly that includes a cathode and anode separated by an electrolyte separator. A cathode fluid flow path is in fluid communication with the cathode, and receives the flow of cabin air from the cabin air fluid flow path and discharges nitrogen-enriched air. An anode fluid flow path is in fluid communication with the anode, and discharges oxygen or oxygen-enriched air. The electrochemical cell also includes water in fluid communication with the anode. The system includes an electrical power source and electrical connections to the anode and cathode for providing an electric potential difference between the anode and cathode. An ullage flow path receives nitrogen-enriched air from the cathode fluid flow path and delivers it to the fuel tank. An optional flow path delivers humidified oxygen-enriched air back to the cabin.

Abstract: A machine (1) for gas production, including one or more cylindrical members (2), each of which is associated with two heads that are fixed to the ends of each one of the cylinders (2); adjacent heads, associated with adjacent cylinders, being mutually connected to form a modular manifold; wherein each one of the heads is provided monolithically and made of plastic material by injection molding. The head made of plastic material allows to provide specific tanks for providing onsite gas generators. The advantages of the machine, which is preferably but non-limitatively made of high-density polyethylene or glass-reinforced polypropylene, are: low cost of the raw material and of the molding process, wide and easy availability of the raw material, high repeatability of the production process and very short production times, as well as very low production costs for each manufactured object.

Abstract: A three-dimensional printer uses its extruder and build platform to properly orient the build platform within a working volume. In a multi-point leveling operation, the extruder is moved to the z-axis origin at a number of x-y positions within the plane of the build platform, and the height of the build platform is adjusted to meet the extruder at the origin. If the build platform is a meltable material such as a plastic, then this leveling process must be performed while the extruder is cool. A homing operation may be performed periodically after leveling in order to realign the z-axis positions of the build platform and extruder. A non-meltable contact point may be usefully provided so that homing can be performed while the extruder is hot, such as immediately before a build or between a number of builds.

Abstract: A polyethylene fiber characterized by having an intrinsic viscosity [?] of 0.8 dL/g or more and less than 5 dL/g; being composed of a repeating unit substantially derived from ethylene; having pores formed inside of the fiber; having an average diameter of the pores of ranging from 3 nm to 1 ?m when the diameter is measured, by each pore being approximated by a column, at a contact angle of 140 degrees, in a mercury intrusion method; a porosity of the pores of ranging from 1.5% to 20%; and having a tensile strength greater than or equal to 8 cN/dtex.

Abstract: A method of producing a ceramic matrix composite component for use in a gas turbine engine comprising forming a ceramic matrix composite component, assembling the preform in a tool, loading the tool into a furnace and infiltrating the preform. Infiltrating the preform may include the methods of CVI, CVD, slurry infiltration, and melt infiltration.

Abstract: A flexible belt is disclosed for use in a printing system. The belt comprises an endless strip which, in use, travels along a continuous path. Formations are provided along the sides of the strip which are capable of engaging with lateral tracks to place the belt under lateral tension, the lateral tracks further serving to constrain the belt to follow the continuous path.

Abstract: The embodiments disclosed herein seek to ameliorate high costs associated with the use of ultra-pure silica by using a lower-cost starting material and purifying the lower-cost starting material to an acceptable level of purity during the preform manufacturing process. In one embodiment, a nucleating compound is coated on a thin-walled silica tube, which upon cooling, forms cristobalite allowing for easy removal of the thin-walled silica tube.

Abstract: A three-dimensional printer is configured to fill interior cavities of a fabricated object with functional or aesthetic materials during fabrication. In general, a number of layers can be fabricated with an infill pattern that leaves void space within an exterior surface of the object. These void spaces can receive a second material such as an epoxy or adhesive that spans multiple layers of the object to increase structural integrity. Similarly, aesthetic materials may be used to add color, opacity or other desired properties to a fabricated object. The void spaces can also or instead form molds that are filled with a build material to provide a fabricated object.

Abstract: An article of footwear having printed structures disposed on the article by a three-dimensional printer is disclosed. The printed structures include extended portions and fastener receiving portions. The extended portions are at least partially embedded in the upper. The fastener receiving portions are at least partially spaced apart from an exterior surface of the upper.

Abstract: A self-retaining suture comprises a composite filament. The filament has retainers on the surface such that the filament can engage and retain tissue without knots. The filament comprises at least two materials having different properties. A surface material of the filament has properties which enhance the formation, elevation and/or deployment of the retainers. A core material of the filament has properties which enhance the tensile strength of the filament. The surgical filament is thin and flexible and may be used for suturing. Methods for manufacturing the filament and retainers are also described.

Abstract: A thermoplastic composition that is water-sensitive (e.g., water-soluble, water-dispersible, etc.) in that it loses its integrity over time in the presence of water that can also be injection molded is provided. The composition contains a cellulose derivative, a synthetic water-soluble polymer, and a plasticizer. The desired water-sensitive and moldable attributes of the composition may be achieved in the present invention by selectively controlling a variety of aspects of the composition, such as the nature of the components employed, the relative amount of each component, the manner in which the composition is formed, and so forth.

Abstract: An additive manufacturing process is described that is particularly useful in the production of compact heat exchangers, chemical reactors, static chemical mixers and recuperators.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method of producing a bearing material having excellent wear-resistance and oxidation resistance. The method of producing a bearing material 10 according to the present invention comprises molding a substrate 12 containing a radical scavenger and a polymer material; washing at least a part 16 of the substrate 12 with a washing liquid; and grafting a polymer chain having a phosphorylcholine group from at least the part 16 of the surface after washing so as to form a polymer film 30 on at least the part of the surface.

Abstract: A tantalum capacitor includes a capacitor body containing tantalum powder and having a tantalum wire extending downwardly; a molded part enclosing the capacitor body and exposing an end portion of the tantalum wire; a positive electrode lead frame disposed on a lower surface of the molded part and connected to the end portion of the tantalum wire; a negative electrode lead frame disposed on the lower surface of the molded part; and a conductive adhesive layer disposed between the capacitor body and the negative electrode lead frame.

Abstract: A two-layer mono-axially oriented film includes a first layer of an opaque beta-nucleated microvoided propylene-based polymer; and a second layer containing a dark pigment that is adapted for use in a thermal printer in which the thermal print-head contacts the exposed surface of the first layer. The dark pigment of the second layer pigment has a color contrasting with the color of the first layer and can contain a carbon black. The first layer includes microvoids and may be made transparent upon the application of heat by collapsing the voids of the first layer or upon the application of ultra-sonic energy.

Abstract: This method of manufacturing an element forming part of an eyeglass frame includes the steps of: manufacturing by molding by injection of plastic material two layers of the element to be manufactured of the eyeglass frame; overmolding by means of these two layers a central core, to obtain an eyeglass frame element comprising three layers, its first and second layers forming external layers and its central core forming an internal layer.

Abstract: A liquefier assembly for use in an additive manufacturing system, which includes a rigid member having a gap, a liquefier tube operably disposed in the gap, one or more heater assemblies disposed in the gap in contact with the liquefier tube, and configured to heat the liquefier tube in a zone-by-zone manner, preferably one or more thermal resistors disposed in the gap between the rigid member and the heater assemblies, and preferably one or more sensors configured to operably measure pressure within the liquefier tube. The one or more heater assemblies may be operated to provide dynamic heat flow control.

Abstract: The invention relates to a biaxially oriented, single or multilayer porous film comprising at least one porous layer, said layer containing at least one propylene polymer, wherein (i) the porosity of the porous film is 30% to 80%, and (ii) the permeability of the porous film is <1000 s (Gurley value). The invention is characterized in that (iii) the porous film is provided with a partially inorganic, preferably ceramic lamination, and (iv) in that the laminated porous film has a Gurley value of <1200 s. The invention further relates to a method for producing such a film, and to the use thereof in high-energy or high-performance systems, in particular in lithium batteries, lithium ion batteries, lithium polymer batteries, and alkaline earth batteries.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to resin-soluble thermoplastic veils for use in liquid resin infusion processes, methods of manufacturing resin-soluble thermoplastic veils for use in liquid resin infusion processes, and methods of manufacturing composite articles using resin-soluble thermoplastic veils for use in liquid resin infusion applications. The resin-soluble thermoplastic veils according to embodiments of the invention and of which function as a toughening agent in composites having the veil incorporated therein have improved characteristics including, but not limited to, increased uniformity and decreased thickness relative to prior art veils. These characteristics translate into improvements in the processing of a composite article including, but not limited to, a substantial or complete elimination in premature dissolution of the veil during cure.

Abstract: A pressure sensitive adhesive composition is described comprising a polyisobutylene polymer having a first functional group and an acrylic polymer having a second functional group present in the acrylic polymer backbone. The first and second functional groups form a hydrogen bond. In some embodiments, the adhesive composition further comprises a crosslinker that covalently crosslinks the second functional group(s) present in the polymer backbone of the acrylic polymer. Also described are adhesive articles, such as a tape, methods of adhesively bonding, and methods of making a pressure sensitive adhesive.

Abstract: A polymer sheet includes a polyurethane core. The polyurethane core has a first major surface and a second major surface opposite the first major surface. The polymer sheet can have at least one functional layer overlying a major surface. The polymer sheet has a thickness tPS. The polyurethane core has a thickness tPC. In embodiments tPC can at least 0.3 of tPS. The polyurethane core can have at least one feature selected from the group: (i) an elasticity as measured according to the Thin Gauge Elasticity Test of not more than 30%, (ii) a loss of tensile strength of not greater than 30% when exposed to UV light according to standard SAE J1960 (Rev. August 2003), (iii) a thickness of polyurethane core tPC of not greater than 0.2 mm, (iv) an elongation at break of at least 200%, and (v) a tensile strength at break of at least 0.3 MPa.

Abstract: Flexible electronic substrate systems relating to providing a system for dimensionally-stable substrate systems to support electronic systems is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to metal coated nano-fibres obtained by a process that includes electrospinning and to the use of said metal coated nano-fibres. The process is characterised in that a polymer nano-fibre with functional groups providing the binding ability to a reducing reagent is prepared by electrospinning at ambient conditions. Then this is contacted with a reducing agent, thereby opening the epoxy ring on the surface of polymer nano-fibre and replacing with the reducing agent and the reducing agent modified film is reacted with metal solution in alkaline media. Finally the electrospun mat is treated with water to open the epoxy rings in the structure and crosslinking the chains to provide integrity.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a device for use in fluid purification, particularly to a membrane for use in fluid purification, the membrane comprising a porous basal layer in the form of polysulfone (PSF); a multitude of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) dispersed within the basal layer; and a top layer in the form of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The disclosure extends to a method of manufacturing the device.

Abstract: Three-dimensional printing processes are disclosed which utilize printable fluids comprising a carrier fluid, a polymeric binder, and nanoparticles. The three-dimensional printing processes are useful for making articles from a build material powder, e.g., a ceramic, metal, metal alloy, or intermetallic powder. The nanoparticles enable low temperature interparticle bonding of the build material powder particles, e.g., by forming bridging bonds between adjacent powder particles, and/or increasing the interparticle friction between the build material powder particles to enhance the structural strength of the as-built article during a thermal treatment over at least a part of the temperature range which has as its low end the temperature at which the structural strength due to the binder becomes insubstantial and as its high end the temperature at which the structural strength due to interparticle sintering of the build material powder becomes substantial, i.e., the article's debile temperature range.

Abstract: A system and process for making an eyeglass temple co-injection molded with a wire core are disclosed. An eyeglass temple is produced by injecting a first shot of temple substrate material into a mold followed by the shot injection of a portion of wire core into the substrate material while it is still molten or semi-molten followed by a second shot injection of additional molten or semi-molten material to completely fill the mold. The first shot of template substrate is provided in a viscosity and amount sufficient to support the wire core without contact by the mold or external support, and the second shot is provided in an amount sufficient to completely fill and pack the mold and lessen shrinkage problems during substrate cooling and hardening. This produces an eyeglass temple in a desired configuration having an entirely encased wire core. Optionally, a second material can then be overmolded onto portions of the temple.

Abstract: A xylylenediamine-based polyamide resin/fiber composite material and molding are provided that do not exhibit a decline in properties under high temperatures and high humidities, and that exhibit a high elastic modulus and present little warping, and exhibit better recycle characteristics, a better moldability, and a better productivity than for thermosetting resins. The polyamide resin-type composite material comprises a fibrous material (B) impregnated with a polyamide resin (A) wherein at least 50 mole % of diamine structural units derived from xylylenediamine, and having a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of 6,000 to 30,000, and containing a component of a molecular weight of not more than 1,000 at 0.5 to 5 mass %.

Abstract: An oriented polymer composition (OPC) article comprising a body having a length, which is greater than any perpendicular dimension, comprised of an OPC having a softening temperature, the body having an outer surface extending the length of the body, having polymer strands aligned in the lengthwise direction of the body, wherein the length dimension stability is greater than 99% when tested by heating the article for 24 hours at temperatures at least up to and including 71 degrees Celsius after completion of the manufacture of the article and processes for forming said article.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire is provided with a carcass layer and a sidewall rubber disposed on an outer side in a tire width direction of the carcass layer. Additionally, the pneumatic tire is provided with a resin coating applied on a predetermined region of a sidewall portion. Additionally, a minimum value of a wall thickness t of a rubber of the sidewall portion in the region applied with the resin coating is in a range of 0.05 mm?t?4.0 mm. Additionally, a thickness of the resin coating is in a range of 20 ?m or more and 300 ?m or less.

Abstract: A preparation method of filter element for swift and highly efficient adsorption of Cs includes the following steps: to a substrate material, adding a coupling agent with 1-3 wt % and ammonium phosphomolybdate with 1-10 wt %, based on the weight of the substrate material; heating to 160˜220° C.; stirring and mixing evenly so that the substrate material is combined with ammonium phosphomolybdate; spining through 5 ?m micropore, the spun filament forming adsorbent filter element with a thickness of 5-50 mm in the rotational cylinder framework material; evenly coating ammonium phosphomolybdate on the outer surface of the adsorbent filter element; and stabilizing and implementing an aging process by heating to 80-120° C. for 3-12 h. The filter element prepared by this method provides an excellent water permeability, oxidization resistance, long-term immersion in hot water of below 100° C., radiation decomposition resistance, stable adsorption, swift detection, high efficiency and precision.

Abstract: A method for fabricating an embodiment of a medical device comprising the steps of: preparing a biodegradable polymeric structure; coating the biodegradable polymeric structure with a polymeric coat including a pharmacological or biological agent; cutting the structure into patterns configured to allow for crimping of the cut structure and expansion of the cut structure after crimping into a deployed configuration.

Abstract: The invention concerns a biaxially orientated, single- or multi-layered porous film which comprises at least one porous layer and this layer contains at least one propylene polymer and polyethylene; (i) the porosity of the porous film is 30% to 80%; and (ii) the permeability of the porous film is <1000 s (Gurley number); characterized in that (iii) the porous film comprises an inorganic, preferably ceramic coating; and (iv) the coated porous film has a Gurley number of <1500 s; and (v) the coated porous film has a Gurley number of >6000 s when it is heated for 5 minutes to over 140° C. The coated, porous film has dual safety features. Furthermore, the invention also concerns a process for the production of a film of this type as well as its use in high energy or high performance systems, in particular in lithium, lithium ion, lithium-polymer and alkaline-earth batteries.

Abstract: Provided is a back sheet for a solar cell module, and more particularly, a back sheet having a novel multilayer structure substituted for an existing structure in which PVF (Tedlar) film/PET film/PVF (Tedlar) film are sequentially laminated, excellent hydrolysis resistance, and significantly excellent heat adhesion.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a film for a tire inner liner film that may exhibit uniform excellent physical properties over all directions when applied to a tire, and may secure excellent durability and fatigue resistance in a tire manufacturing process or in an automobile running process, a method for manufacturing the film for a tire inner liner, a pneumatic tire using the tire inner liner film, and a method for manufacturing the pneumatic tire using the tire inner liner film.

Abstract: Medical devices and methods for making and using medical devices are disclosed. An example medical device may include a medical device for modulating nerves. The medical device may include an elongate shaft having a distal region. A balloon may be coupled to the distal region. An electrode may be disposed within the balloon. A virtual electrode may be defined along the balloon. The virtual electrode may include a region having a first non-conductive layer and a second conductive layer.

Abstract: A solvent spun bamboo fiber with a high wet modulus and a producing method thereof are disclosed. The producing method includes: activating by adding a bamboo pulp into de-ionized water, adjusting the pH value, adding cellulase and adjusting the pH value by adding alkali; squeezing by vacuum dehydration; pre-dissolving by adding an aqueous solution containing 50-88% by mass of N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide; then dissolving by putting the above pre-dissolved mixture into a dissolver, heating, vacuumizing, dehydrating, dissolving, homogenizing and defoaming; spinning by spraying through a spinneret and forming a bamboo fiber by dry-wet spinning; water washing; bleaching; oiling; and drying. The present method is simple to operate, free of industrial pollution, low energy consuming, and highly safe. The bamboo fiber produced by the present method not only keeps the natural physical and chemical properties of bamboo fiber, but also has a high wet modulus without harmful chemical residues.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a golf ball includes the steps of forming the golf ball by using a mold, which mold includes at least two body parts, and is configured so that a cavity is formed within the mold by the joining of the at least two body parts, and in at least one of the body parts, a groove for forming a projecting land part which is ground after the formation of the golf ball is provided in a cavity wall surface near the entire circumference of a parting line formed by the joining; and performing treatment in which the golf ball formed by using the mold is treated so that the color of the entire land part of the golf ball is different from the color of dimples.

Abstract: It is disclosed a process in continuous for the production of film/leaves or composites comprising the following phases a) preparation of a bi-component mixture to spread and feeding of the mixture to the spreading phase wherein the mixture is prepared, fed and disposed in continuous, in the pot-life time of the mixture itself; b) spreading of the mixture on at least a substrate, wherein the spreading on the substrate and the transport to the crosslinking phase are completed in the pot-life time of the mixture; c) crosslinking of the layer of mixture on said substrate carried out under static condition of the environment and at a variable temperature comprised between 50° C. and 100° C., with control of the temperature value of the coated product carried out in continuous, wherein the transport of the substrate spread during the crosslinking phase is achieved with the substrate spread under flatness conditions. The related apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: Shielded sockets for microprocessors and fabrication of shielded sockets by overmolding and plating techniques are described. In an example, a socket for a packaged semiconductor device includes a plastic housing having walls surrounding a cavity. A plurality of contact strips is disposed in the cavity and supported by one or more of the walls of the plastic housing. Each of the plurality of contact strips includes a plurality of contacts. Each of the plurality of contacts includes a vertical region overmolded with plastic, a contact portion, and a J-lead portion. The plastic is coated with a metal layer.

Abstract: A consumable assembly comprising a container portion configured to retain a supply of filament, a guide tube connected to the container portion, and a pump portion connected to the guide tube.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions for the controlled and sustained release of active substance comprising a biodegradable polymer or copolymer. Furthermore, the invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions for the controlled and sustained release of at least one active substance such as peptides or hormones and analogues thereof and the manufacturing process of such pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: Techniques and apparatus for providing one or more holes in a housing for an electronic device are disclosed. The one or more holes in the housing can be used to facilitate visual indicators. A light source can be controlled to provide light into a hole and thus emit light from the hole. When the light source is not providing light to the hole, the hole can be visually disguised (e.g., camouflaged) so it blends with the surrounding portions of the housing. The electronic device can, for example, be a small electronic device, such as a portable or handheld electronic device.