Abstract: Process and device for producing two-colored or multicolored switchboard films, dashboard films or dashboards for motor vehicles produced therefrom using at least one backing film or backing layer, at least one upper film or upper layer which is arranged thereon and contains dyes and/or color pigments. The polymer melts for these films or layers come from two or more extruders and are supplied first to an adapter or a black box having at least one opening or a gap for the backing film or layer and at least one further opening for the upper film or upper layer. According to the invention, an adapter or a black box is used in which a wedge-shaped projection or a projection of triangular cross section is arranged. At least two different-colored polymer compositions in melt form, having identical viscosity or virtually identical viscosity (difference in MFI at 230.degree. C./2.16 kg of 0 to 0.

Abstract: Nonaqueous additive systems which includes dispersant-coated pigments physically dispersed in a liquid nonaqueous polymeric carrier are added directly to a melt flow of a polymeric host material prior to spinning. The additive system is most preferably in the form of a particulate paste which can be added in metered amounts (dosed) to a melt flow of the polymeric host material prior to being spun into filaments. By providing a number of additive systems having a number of different additive attributes, and controllably dosing one or more into the melt flow of polymeric material, melt-spun filaments having different additive attributes may be produced on a continuous basis (i.e., without shutting down the spinning operation).

Abstract: A process for producing solution dyed extruded articles from thermoplastic polymer wherein each colorant is contained in a separate color concentrate and each concentrate is fed to an extruder through a separate gravimetric feeder where the concentrates are melt blended with the thermoplastic polymer prior to extruding.

Abstract: An apparatus for melting particulate polymeric material includes a melting grid and a molten polymer reservoir beneath the grid. The apparatus has a lateral cross-sectional contour defined by walls. Further included is a distribution device having upper and lower surfaces and adapted to the contour of the molten polymer reservoir, which device is disposed in the molten polymer reservoir in proximity to the grid. The device has an internal reservoir formed between the upper and lower surfaces; a perimetrical surface joining the upper and lower surfaces and providing the device with height; at least two fluid distribution pores, each having one end in communication with the internal reservoir and another end disposed in the circumferential surface; and an injection tube providing fluid flow communication between the internal reservoir and an external supply of fluid.

Abstract: By kneading a composition containing a filler and an organic forming binder, extruding the composition, baking the composition in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, there is obtained a first baked lead containing, as a binder, a carbon obtained by the carbonization of the organic forming binder. Then, by heating the first baked lead in an oxidizing atmosphere to remove the binder carbon, there is formed a second baked lead composed of at least the filler. The pores of the second baked lead are impregnated with a solution containing perhydropolysilazane, subjecting the lead to a heat treatment in an inert atmosphere or an ammonia gas atmosphere to form a third baked lead containing the resultant silicon nitride. Finally, ink is filled into the pores of the third baked lead to provide a baked color pencil lead.

Abstract: The invention provides a pigment composition comprising a pigment having adsorbed on its surface, or as a physical mixture, up to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of pigment composition of a coding compound which is a compound containing an azo, azomethine or polycyclic chromophore and which has an absorption spectrum and a Raman spectrum different from that of the pigment. The compositions are suitable for use in printing inks for security applications.

Abstract: The specification describes a conjugate carpet face yarn including trilobal or delta cross-section polyolefin filaments and a plurality of generally co-linear smaller polyamide fibrils embedded within the polyolefin filaments. This yarn has the stain resistant properties of polyolefin based yarns and the resiliency of polyamide based yarns.

Abstract: A process for preparing melt spun polymeric fiber made from polymerized amide monomers includes the steps of pigmenting the polymer, incorporating within the polymer sufficient SO.sub.3 H groups or salts thereof to give the polymer a sulphur content of between about 10 and about 160 equivalents per 10.sup.6 grams polymer and thereafter chemically blocking with a chemical blocking agent a portion of amino end groups present in the sulphonated polymer.

Abstract: Process for dyeing regenerated cellulose fibers, which comprises adding an amine-substituted cellulose derivative to a viscose dope or to an alkali cellulose and spinning fibers by the viscose spinning process, or adding said cellulose derivative to a cellulose solution and spinning fibers from the solution, processing fibers into a woven or knitted fabric and dyeing the fabric with a direct or acid dye in the absence of additional electrolyte salt.

Abstract: Modified cellulose fiber is produced by adding a modifier to a cellulose solution and spinning fibers from the solution, or by adding a modifier to a viscose solution and spinning fibers by the viscose spinning process, said modifier being a polymeric amine compound having pendant primary, secondary or tertiary amino groups and having a molecular mass of more than 1000.

Abstract: Described is a process for the manufacture of polyamide fibers having improved dye washfastness and heat stability by melt mixing a fiber forming polyamide with an additive such as water, an alcohol, an amine and a heat stabilizer such as a phenolic compound or a phosphite containing aryl groups or a mixture thereof to form a homogeneous mixture, melt spinning polyamide fibers, quenching, drawing and taking up the polyamide fibers.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing pigmented drawn polyamide fibers is disclosed, the improvement being the improved processability obtained from the use of an N,N'-dialkyl polycarbonamide as a carrier polymer for the pigment dispersion.

Abstract: A thermobondable bicomponent synthetic fiber (8,14) with a length of at least about 3 mm, adapted to use in the blending of fluff pulp for the production of hygiene absorbent products, the fiber comprising an inner core component comprises a polyolefin or a polyester, the sheath component comprises a polyolefin, and the core component has a higher melting point than the sheath component, and a process for producing said fiber. The sheath-and-core type fiber is preferably made permanently substantially hydrophilic by incorporating s surface active agent into the sheath component. The long bicomponent fibers (20) form a strong supporting three-dimensional matrix structure (20,24) in the absorbent product upon thermobonding.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing pigmented drawn polyamide fibers is disclosed, the improvement being the improved processability obtained from the use as a carrier polymer for the pigment dispersion of a random copolymer of hexamethlyene diamine, isophthaiic acid and terephthalic acid.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing pigmented drawn polyamide fibers is disclosed, the improvement being the improved processability obtained from the use of an N,N'-dialkyl polycarbonamide as a carrier polymer for the pigment dispersion.

Abstract: A method for producing an extruded film article such as a bag, which is a blend of a thermoplastic polymer such as ethylene vinyl acetate and an olefinic oxide polymer such as poly(ethylene oxide), with a modifier such as liquid smoke absorbed in the blend. The modifier is transferable from the film to a receiving surface such as a food body in fluid transfer relationship with the film.

Abstract: The process for manufacturing a polarizing film based on polyvinyl alcohol and at least one dichroic substance by casting or extrusion of a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol and a solvent, whereby the polyvinyl alcohol contains the dichroic substance, drying and stretching of the film by between 300 and 1200%, whereby, depending on the width of the unstretched film b.sub.o, a stretch gap l.sub.o is provided, satisfying the condition b.sub.o /l.sub.o <3, leads to higher dichroic extinction quotients.

Abstract: An improved process for melt spinning a pigmented hexamethylene adipamide fiber from a melt blend of a polymer and a colored pigment wherein the polymer is a random interpolyamide or a block polymer having two different difunctional recurring amide-forming moieties other than those which form hexamethylene adipamide is disclosed along with pigmented hexamethylene adipamide polymer fibers having tenacities greater than 7.5 or even 8 grams per denier.

Abstract: This invention is directed to continuous polyester filaments in tufted form for composing quality carpets having a pleasing appearance. The carpets are formed by use of continuous polyester filaments comprising polyethylene terephthalate resin having at least 85 mol % of ethylene terephthalate. The filament is completed by being placed in a curling stuffing box and applying a flow of heated air.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing mouldings with the appearance of natural stones from a composition including a coloured or colourless thermoplastic resin matrix and, per 100 parts by volume of this matrix, 0.2 to 80 parts by volume of at least two fillers chosen from natural fibres, carbon fibres and mineral fillers having a different grain size or dimensions. By chosing the color of the matrix and the number, proportion, grain size and color of the different fillers, the general appearance and colors of a natural stone may be imitated. The mouldings obtained after working may be used due to their aesthetic appearance, particularly as packaging for cosmetic products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a shaped material consisting of a layer having open microvoids (hereinafter referred to as light-scattering layer) and a layer having a hue different from that of the light-scattering layer (hereinafter referred to as color-developing layer), the light-scattering layer constituting at least part of the outer surface of the shaped material and the color-developing layer constituting the rest of the shaped material, which shaped material changes its color reversibly depending upon its moist or dry condition, as well as to a process for producing said shaped material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a unique fiber optic sensor which is able to conduct multiple assays and analyses concurrently using a plurality of different dyes immobilized at individual spatial positions on the surface of the sensor. The present invention also provides apparatus for making precise optical determinations and measurements for multiple analytes of interest concurrently and provides methods of detection for multiple analytes of interest which can be correlated with specific parameters or other ligands for specific applications and purposes.

Abstract: A method of producing a multicomponent trilobal fiber includes providing a trilobal capillary defining three legs, three apexes and an axial center, directing a first molten polymer composition to the axial center and presenting a second molten polymer composition to at least one of the apexes. The fiber produced has a trilobal core defining an outer core surface and a sheath abutting at least about one-third of the outer core surface.

Abstract: A process for forming a porous polymer film formed by allowing a solvent to evaporate from a solution of polymer containing water and alcohol. It is possible to form a porous polymer film in which the size and distribution of the pores are uniformalized. Also described is a process for producing a composite film in which the pores of the porous polymer film are filled with a functional low molecular substance such as liquid crystal or dye so that the dispersion diameter of the functional low molecular substance and the distribution of the same are uniformalized. In the production of the above-mentioned porous polymer film, the size of the pores on the porous polymer film can be controlled by controlling the humidity of the forming atmosphere or the water content in the solution of polymer.

Abstract: Additives are introduced into a thermoplastic melt by feeding at least one additive in an aqueous vehicle containing a dispersant to form an aqueous additive stream to a vented extruder which is extruding a thermoplastic followed by volatilizing an aqueous portion of the aqueous additive stream and removing substantially all the volatilized aqueous portion through the extruder vent to achieve a substantially homogeneous system containing the thermoplastic and at least one additive and forming a fiber from the homogeneous system by extrusion of the system through a spinneret.

Abstract: An improved process for melt-spinning a pigmented hexamethylene adipamide fiber from a melt blend of a polymer and a colored pigment wherein the polymer is a random interpolyamide or a block polymer having two different difunctional recurring amide-forming moieties other than those which form hexamethylene adipamide is disclosed along with pigmented hexamethylene adipamide polymer fibers having tenacities greater than 7.5 or even 8 grams per denier.

Abstract: Synthetic textiles containing a photochromic pigment. The pigments are prepared by encapsulating a photochromic pigment in a thermoplastic polymer having a high melt flow index, mixed with a primary thermoplastic resin, and extruded at a temperature of less than 250.degree. C. through a spinnerette having a diameter of at least 0.3 ml.

Abstract: Excellent color stabilization as well as integrity is obtained in thin film and fibers exposed to bright sunlight at relatively high temperature, in polyolefin (PO) articles pigmented with blue and green phthalocyanine, and red azo and disazo pigments. The pigment is combined with two `large molecule` primary stabilizers, the first a piperidyl-based (PDYL) hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS), and the second, a 3,5-disubstituted-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate (3,5-DHBZ). The first contains at least two polysubstituted piperidyl rings in its molecule; the second is a hindered phenol with an ester group in the para- position. Stabilization of the PO's color is obtained for as long as the PO articles themselves are stabilized by the combination of primary stabilizers, typically, their useful life. With the combination, the pigmented articles are not only thermooxidatively and light-stabilized, but there is exceptionally low color fade.

Abstract: A method of effecting the coloration of a restoration to be mounted on a tooth including the steps of forming a mixture of powdered dental porcelain and a photonucleable silicate glass and shaping the mixture into a dental restoration. The dental restoration is heated in an oven to its fusing temperature and allowed to cool. Selected areas of the restoration are exposed to ultra-violet light. The dental restoration is reexposed to high energy while the color of the selected areas changes.

Abstract: Dyeable fibers are formed from polypropylene by blending a major portion of polypropylene with a minor portion of 1) a copolymer of nylon 6,6 and substantially equimolar amounts of hexamethylene diamine and an alkali metal salt of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid or 2) a basic reaction product of substantially equimolar amounts of N-(2-aminoethyl) piperazine and adipic acid, hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid and optionally .epsilon.-caprolactam. The blend is formed in an extruder and extruded into filaments which are quenched in air, stretched 2-4.times. (preferably at an elevated temperature) and bulked using a jet of heated turbulent fluid. The thusly bulked filaments are then dyed.

Abstract: A method of coloring a polycarbonate extruded or molded product for optical members, which is colored by a liquid coloring process for obtaining a colored polycarbonate extruded or molded product for optical members by extrusion or injection molding. The process involves mixing a polycarbonate resin for optical members and a liquid coloring agent dispersion obtained by dispersing a coloring agent in a dispersing agent. The dispersing agent includes a specific saturated fatty acid ester or silicon oil. After mixing the polycarbonate resin and liquid coloring agent dispersion, the resulting mixture is melted and thereafter extruded or molded to form a product for optical members.

Abstract: In a blood gas sensing probe, a cylindrical sleeve contains an optical fiber. The end of the optical fiber is withdrawn into the sleeve thereby creating a receptacle at the end of the sleeve. A sensitive dye, HOPSA for example, is encapsulated in a gel and deposited in the receptacle to form the probe. In making the probe, the end of the optical fiber is in the same plane as the end of the sleeve in which it is placed. The dye and gel contact the combined ends of optical fiber and sleeve. The fiber is withdrawn into the sleeve thereby creating a vacuum which is filled by the dye and gel.

Abstract: A polarizing film comprising a polyvinyl alcohol-type film and a dichroic dye, a metallic ion and boric acid incorporated therein, and a process for producing the same, which comprises adsorbing a dichroic dye on a polyvinyl alcohol-type film, stretching the film substantially in one direction, immersing the stretched film in an aqueous solution containing a metallic ion and boric acid.

Abstract: A process for treating hydrophobic polymer surfaces to form hydroxyl moieties thereon comprises ozonating the surface of said hydrophobic polymer to form hydroperoxy groups thereon, and then irradiating said ozonated surface with ultraviolet light or exposing to heat to convert the hydroperoxy groups to hydroxyl moieties in the presence of a hydrogen donor. Such hydroxylated surfaces possess hydrophilic properties and can undergo the chemical reactions characteristic for hydroxyl groups. Polymers so modified are useful in biomedical devices, semipermeable membranes, films, fibers and especially contact lenses.

Abstract: When varied spin-oriented polyester filaments are produced over the course of time in a continuous multi-machine operation from polymeric precursors, the dyeabilities of the varying products are controlled and adjusted by adding small amounts of a chain-branching agent, such as a derivative of trimellitic acid, preferably trishydroxyethyl trimellitate. The process conveniently lends itself to automation of the control and adjustment operation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the manufacture of colored egg packages, apparatus for carrying such a method into effect and egg packages manufactured by this method. The invention concerns a method for the manufacture of colored egg packages (6) made from wood pulp and/or waste paper (paper pulp) in which the egg package receives its final outside color only after the moulding phase by subsequently spraying-on (3) a dye, an apparatus for the carrying such a method into effect and egg packages manufactured by this method.

Abstract: A process for providing a design patterns in a material wherein a selected medium is applied to the material, the material being positioned adjacent a surface of a template which surface has selected surface characteristics either topographical or non-topographical in nature. The material is held against the template surface at a selected pressure and for a selected time period, at least a portion of the medium coming into contact with the template surface, the adhesive and conesive forces of the material, the medium, and the template interacting with each other to generate a unique design relief pattern on the surface of the material which pattern differs from the pattern characteristics of the template. The material is then suitably dried. The viscosity and amount of the medium, as well as the pressure used, are selected to lie within specified ranges to produce heavy or light relief patterns on permeable or non-permeable materials.

Abstract: A process for rapidly forming a flexible mold for finely detailed objects from a radiatively curable molding composition includes coating at least a portion of the surface of a three-dimensional object with a fluid molding composition. The coating is cured by exposing the fluid coating to radiative energy to form an elastic, flexible layer of cured molding composition on the object. The coating and curing steps can be repeated to build up the flexible mold until a predetermined minimum has been attained. The cured molding composition is removed from the object, and is suitable for immediate use as a mold to cast duplicate reproductions of the object.

Abstract: A process for the production of homogeneous flat articles of thermoplastic synthetic resins wherein a starting mixture based on thermoplastic synthetic resins is processed into agglomerate or granulated material by a thermal pretreatment above the softening temperature and subsequently, optionally after additional intermediate steps, is mechanically comminuted to a mixture of particles having a random grain size distribution. The mixture of particles is piled continuously onto a conveyor belt to form a uniform layer and is sintered, under the action of heat up to the plasticization of the thermoplastic synthetic resin, into a coherent flat articles and is then press-molded under the effect of pressure and heat.

Abstract: A process for diffusing and subliming water-soluble and water-insoluble materials into never-dried, shrinkable aromatic polyamide fibers, using steam heated at certain controlled temperatures, within a specially designed treatment chamber and a process and apparatus for treating a tow of shrinkable material.

Abstract: A stainable polymeric sheet material adapted to the production of a light polarizer therefrom is provided by a method, according to which, a support sheet of amorphous polymeric material is uniaxially stretched in a first direction (at or above the glass transition temperature of the polymeric support material), a layer of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is coated from an aqueous PVA-containing composition onto the uniaxially stretched support material, and the PVA-coated uniaxially stretched polymeric sheet material is stretched along a second direction, at an angle within about .+-.60 degrees to a normal to the first direction of stretch. The method provides a material which can be converted, by incorporation of visible dichroism into the PVA layer, to a light polarizer which combines efficient light polarizing properties and good mechanical strength and resistance to fracture along the stretch directions.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for manufacturing lenses including the use of a wafer in conjunction with liquid monomer to provide a molded plastic lens. In the molding process, a first mold form is sealingly secured to a gasket to form a part of a mold for receiving liquid monomer. The liquid monomer is poured into the first mold form and the wafer material which can be tinted or have a different index of refraction is then placed in contiguous relationship with the liquid monomer. A second mold form is then secured into the gasket in sealing relationship therewith and spaced from the wafer to form a cavity therebetween. Liquid monomer is then introduced into the cavity to fill all the voids. The mold with the material to be molded is then placed in the oven and cured. After the curing process is completed, the mold is removed and the formed lens extracted.

Abstract: A method for preparing a gas sensor includes forming a mixture containing an aqueous buffer solution including a dissolved dye, a polymeric precursor of a cross-linked polymeric material, and a cross-linking agent and reacting the polymeric precursor and the cross-linking agent in the mixture to form a gas sensor including micro-compartments of the aqueous buffer solution dispersed in the cross-linked polymeric material.

Abstract: A method of preventing the spontaneous discharge of charged dielectric objects such that the surface of the objects are polished smooth to remove down to microscopic surface faults thereon. A maximum charge is storable therein having only loss by corona leakage from edges of the object. This method allows for a controlled discharge to create Lichtenberg figures therein. Artistic objects are also made by a method of coloration of the figure in the objects.

Abstract: A fiber optic chemical sensor and the method of making it are provided, such being useful in medical, biological and industrial applications. The sensor includes an optical fiber waveguide having a photocrosslinked polymeric gel at a portion thereof, which gel is crosslinked in place and undergoes substantial volume expansion. A dye is absorbed into the gel, the dye being responsive to different degrees depending on the presence and concentration of any one of particular parameters of a fluid being monitored, such parameters being pH, oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide concentration and the like.

Abstract: Compact discs are continuously mass produced by continuously rotating a master roller about whose periphery a plurality of optical disc patterns are sequentially arranged in order to form inverse patterns on an elongated film fed to the roller at successive contact locations spaced apart of one another lengthwise of the film during each rotation. Each optical disc has a metallized layer which is protected from damage by the provision of sheets of non-negligible thickness.

Abstract: A process for producing a highly uniaxially oriented film is disclosed, comprising supporting a composition comprising two or more liquid crystal monomers displaying a nematic or smectic state and having a polymerizable functional group in the molecule thereof and a photopolymerization initiator on or between a support or supports having been subjected to orientation, and irradiating said composition with radiation while maintaining said composition in a liquid crystal state to cause polymerization of said composition. The resulting film is free from pinholes, strain or unevenness and is excellent in optical transparency.

Abstract: A continuous process for the dyeing of melt-extrudable polymers that are capable of being dyed, is disclosed. The process comprises extruding molten polymer through an orifice, contacting the extruded polymer while still in a molten state with an aqueous solution of a dye for said polymer, and withdrawing the resultant dyed polymer from the aqueous solution. The process may be used for the dyeing of e.g. modified polyolefins, polyamides, ionomers and the like. In preferred embodiments the process may be used in the extrusion coating of wire or other continuous filamentary material to provide color-coded products.

Abstract: A method of making optrodes is provided by which a pressure-sensitive volume is incorporated in the optrode by bubble transfer and/or gas entrapment in the manufacturing step sequence.

Abstract: A method of effecting the coloration of a restoration to be mounted on a tooth including the steps of forming a mixture of powdered dental porcelain and a photonucleable silicate glass and shaping the mixture into a dental restoration. The dental restoration is heated in an oven to its fusing temperature and allowed to cool. Selected areas of the restoration are exposed to ultra-violet light. The dental restoration is reexposed to high energy while the color of the selected areas changes.