Sports Or Outdoor Recreational Activities Patents (Class 273/277)
  • Publication number: 20020171199
    Abstract: A box game to teach tennis scoring, strategy, and to give players match confidence.
    Type: Application
    Filed: May 17, 2001
    Publication date: November 21, 2002
    Inventor: Richard N. Archer
  • Patent number: 6471209
    Abstract: The present invention 10 discloses a board game 11 which simulates an automobile race track 12 and race. The game has a number of playing pieces 18 in the form of cars and a board 11 having an image of an oval shaped race track 12 being divided into a plurality of lanes 14 and the lanes being divided into a number of squares 16 being of sufficient size to accommodate the car playing pieces 18. The track 12 has a pit lane 26 having an entrance point and an exit point on the oval track and having fewer squares between the entrance and the exit in the pit lane 26 than between the entrance and the exit on the oval track 12. In addition, the track racing car board game has a pair of advancement dice 28, a pit entrance die 29, a plurality of special advancement dice 36 and a deck of instruction cards.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 1, 2000
    Date of Patent: October 29, 2002
    Inventor: Jeffrey A Barshinger
  • Patent number: 6464223
    Abstract: A vehicle racing board game includes a racetrack having a start/finish line crossed by lanes and a pit area connected to the lanes. The lanes and the pit area are divided into a plurality of spaces including starting positions and a crash zone. Toy vehicles are used as playing pieces for advancing around the racetrack according to numbers generated by dice. The dice also are used to determine starting positions that set the order of play and identify a “crash”. Points are awarded for winning the pole position, winning a lap and finishing position in each race of a season to determine a champion.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 4, 2001
    Date of Patent: October 15, 2002
    Inventor: John R. Rutter
  • Patent number: 6464224
    Abstract: A board having yard markings representing a football field, with a hole at each yard marking, for detachably insertion of pins representing the scrimmage line, and the 10-yard line from the scrimmage line. Dice are rolled for determining the kind of play and the yardage gained or lost. The dice are in groups each containing more than one die; all to the dice in each groups are of the same color, but those in the different groups are of different colors. Game includes rules for determining the plays, the selection of plays, when there is a choice, and the score thereof.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 26, 1999
    Date of Patent: October 15, 2002
    Inventor: Daniel R Wusterbarth
  • Patent number: 6439575
    Abstract: A game apparatus and method of play by a pair of opponents, uses a game board on a level surface or field. A game board indicia resembles an American-Football field with two spaced apart and opposing end zone front lines. A triangularly shaped and flatly formed game piece provides numerical values to its three corners. The game piece is suitable for sliding on the game board, and is thrust back and forth on the board by the contestants or opponents, with game piece generally in contact with the game board, until the game piece is positioned on one of the end zone front lines. Values or scores are assigned to the opponents corresponding to how the game piece is situated on the end zone front lines. Additional points may be acquired through aerial thrusts of the game piece through an upright goal situated at or in the end zones of the game board.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 11, 2001
    Date of Patent: August 27, 2002
    Inventor: Ruben Castellanos
  • Patent number: 6428006
    Abstract: A simulated football board game includes a board resembling a miniature football field formed by a matrix of squares defining a playing field and opposing end zones, offensive player pieces, defensive player pieces and an element representing a football. The offense is provided with eleven players, while the defense is given an extra or twelve players due to attributes accorded the designated quarterback. Provisions are made to enable the offensive pieces to carry out blocking, running, passing, lateraling, hand-offs and punting. Defensively, there are tackles, interceptions and safeties. Touchdowns, as well as one and two point conversions, are also provided for.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 17, 2000
    Date of Patent: August 6, 2002
    Inventor: Homer K. Stewart
  • Patent number: 6409171
    Abstract: A method of play of a golf trivia game is provided in which a question category is randomly selected from among two or more question categories. A question is then directed from the selected category to a player. A random value is assigned to a correct answer, and a random value is assigned to an incorrect answer. A determination of the correctness of the answer is made, and the score is recorded depending on the assigned random value. Each player answers one question per round or hole, and the game is completed after a selected number of rounds have been played. By providing a score for each player for each round of questions, this method provides the same variety of ways of playing the game as the game of golf itself.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 8, 1998
    Date of Patent: June 25, 2002
    Inventors: Scott Schultz, Robert Davidson
  • Patent number: 6386539
    Abstract: A board game wherein a plurality of balls are sequentially removed by a series of jumping moves is scored by playing a series of golf holes. Each of the holes has a par value correlated with the time allotted for play thereof. The game board apparatus has a circular playing surface with 37 depressions thereon arranged in seven parallel rows and an outer depression adjacent to the outside rim of the circular playing surface.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 16, 1999
    Date of Patent: May 14, 2002
    Inventor: Robert R. Deskovick
  • Patent number: 6352259
    Abstract: The present invention is a pet lover's board game. It includes a playing board having a predetermined continuous path with spaces for movement of pieces therealong in accordance with rules. The playing board has marked breed spaces designating a specified breed of animal selected from cats, dogs, birds, horses and combinations thereof which have specified costs to own and a landing fee value. The board also has marked action spaces and marked event spaces. There is a random movement mechanism for randomly determining numbers of spaces to be moved by players in accordance with the rules, a set of pet ownership papers for the marked breed spaces provided to a player in exchange for payment of play money, and a set of event cards. Play money is used to make purchases, pay fines and pay landing fees. In preferred embodiments, houses and macro-houses may be purchased to enhance values and increase landing fees.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 12, 2000
    Date of Patent: March 5, 2002
    Inventor: Richard N. Israel
  • Patent number: 6322073
    Abstract: A football board game is disclosed. The board game includes a board formed in a rectangular configuration of two essentially square halves pivotably coupled together at a fold line. A playing surface has a central indicia with separate words on each side of the fold line, end zones at the opposite ends parallel with the center fold line with elongated margins between the end zones. Each margin has interiorly, a plurality of apertures for receipt of objects, indicia indicating yardage adjacent the edges thereof and arrows in opposite directions located between the apertures and the yard markers. A pair of pegs are positioned in the apertures, one peg having a cube with “down marker” indicia on each vertical face and the other having a football constituting a ball position marker. The game includes a plurality of decks of similarly configured playing cards, each deck having similar indicia on one side and a different color on the other side and positioned at opposite ends of the board.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 13, 2000
    Date of Patent: November 27, 2001
    Inventor: Eugene A. Davis
  • Patent number: 6315293
    Abstract: A preferred embodiment of the board game incorporates a carrying case which includes a base and a lid. The base preferably includes a wall extending upwardly from a periphery thereof, with the wall having first and second ends which are spaced from each other to form a first gap therebetween, with the first gap being sized and shaped for passing a die therethrough. A playing surface is arranged on the base with at least a portion of the playing surface preferably being formed of a flocked plastic material which provides deadening of sound produced by the die impacting the playing surface. Game pieces representative of baseball players and/or their equipment, i.e. bats, batting helmets, etc., also arc provided which arc adapted to be moved about the playing surface in accordance with rules of game play.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 23, 2000
    Date of Patent: November 13, 2001
    Assignee: Universal Baseball Corporation
    Inventor: Chris Bush
  • Patent number: 6286832
    Abstract: A cricket board game includes an optional matting representing a cricket pitch, the matting which is laid out on a flat surface representing the cricket field. Two wickets are set up at opposing ends of the cricket pitch. A plurality of player cards held by holding mechanisms, which depict each of the cricket players on each of the two sides in the cricket game, are disposed around the cricket field in accordance with the rules of a real cricket game. The player cards, in a preferred embodiment, depict cricket players either pictorially, photographically, or by written description on one side face of the cards. On the other side face of the cards, the players cards have a logo, graphic design, or other representation. The first player acts as the bowler for the first side, and bowls a small ball to the second player, who holds a small bat and acts as a batsman for the second side.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 3, 1999
    Date of Patent: September 11, 2001
    Inventor: David Willers
  • Patent number: 6209872
    Abstract: The present invention permits the period of inactivity in a sporting event, particularly a televised sporting event, to be utilized productively according to the knowledge of the viewer of the a televised sporting event. According to the present invention a game is played during a sporting event utilizing a game board and several sets of cards.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 24, 1998
    Date of Patent: April 3, 2001
    Inventor: Clement C. Caswell
  • Patent number: 6170829
    Abstract: A baseball board game is disclosed consisting of a deck of result cards, sets of cards that represent pitchers (FIG. 2) and batters (FIG. 1) for a real-life team, and tables FIGS. 4-14). Each player chooses a team. Play is controlled by the drawing of result cards (FIGS. 15-128) and by the selection of strategies that represent managerial decisions. Drawing a result card randomly selects a type of batter, pitcher, or fielder rating. The current batter, pitcher, or fielder has a rating of the selected type. If the current player's rating of that type is active on the result card, the type of result controlled by that rating type occurs. For example, if the rating type on the selected result card is B1 (11), the batter's B1 rating (2) is active on the result card, and a B1 rating controls singles on the current result card (13), then a single occurs. The method used to store information about real-life player performance is highly compact.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 12, 1999
    Date of Patent: January 9, 2001
    Inventor: Marshall Harvey
  • Patent number: 6142473
    Abstract: A board game is provided including a plurality of transparent plastic sheets each mounted along a periphery thereof. Each transparent sheet is equipped with an edge being free from the game board to define an opening facing the central extent thereof. Also included is a plurality of basketball cards, a plurality of dice with numerals printed thereon, and a plurality of tokens. Next provided is a plurality of basketball trading cards each removably positioned within the opening of one of the sheets of the game board.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 19, 1998
    Date of Patent: November 7, 2000
    Inventor: Joe B. Bryant
  • Patent number: 6068259
    Abstract: A hockey board game including a game board in the general shape of a hockey rink with two tracks, each track running around the circumference and each track ending with a track to one of the two scoring nets. The game also includes a number of playing cards, game pucks, and game cards used in the play of the game.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 7, 1998
    Date of Patent: May 30, 2000
    Inventor: Ty Douglas Dolin
  • Patent number: 5997001
    Abstract: A board game for playing simulated ice hockey comprises a game board having indicia representing an ice hockey rink, perimeter wall sections surrounding at least a portion of the perimeter of said board against which dice are thrown, and a first and second series of spaces sized and shaped for placement of ice hockey player trading cards. The game board also has a pair of parallel folds formed therein approximately equally spaced from the side edges of said game board to form side segments of the game board which are approximately equal to the height of the perimeter wall sections so that the game board is foldable at said folds to place the side segments of said game board in overlying parallel relationship and the wall sections at said side edges of said game board in telescoped relationship with each other. A supply of ice hockey player trading cards, which bear the images of ice hockey players, dice, penalty markers and record sheets are also included for game play.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 5, 1998
    Date of Patent: December 7, 1999
    Inventor: Roger K. Doss
  • Patent number: 5839725
    Abstract: A board that has markings for placement of teams in tournament style. Teams are identified by chips bearing the names of the teams. Dice are provided for rolling to determine wins, and rates of advancement. Also cards are provided with instructions, for adding or subtracting score points. The dice are of different kinds, having different numbers of sides having numerals and blanks for producing different probabilities according to seeded and unseeded teams respectively.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 28, 1996
    Date of Patent: November 24, 1998
    Inventor: Andrew D. Conway
  • Patent number: 5762338
    Abstract: An amusement device for simulating the strategy and results of a real football game is provided. The football game includes a backfield section and a downfield section. The offensive team selects running plays by selecting a starting rush position along a line of scrimmage within the downfield section and a rush direction position along a secondary also within the downfield section. The offensive team selects passing plays by selecting a starting passing position in the backfield section and a pass reception position in the downfield section. The defensive team selects a defensive play in which to stop the anticipated offensive play by placing a number of markers in desired positions in the backfield and downfield section. The result of the play is determined based on yardage charts and the selected offensive and defensive plays.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 9, 1997
    Date of Patent: June 9, 1998
    Inventor: Kevin Eugene Hutchison
  • Patent number: 5746431
    Abstract: A question and answer football board game is disclosed which provides a complete game for individual institutions and/or teams. Players compete by answering questions which are inscribed on play cards (14) which are divided into categories according to progressive levels of difficulty. The game can be played by one individual, two individuals, or two groups of individuals. The game may be played using data from one or two institutions. A score card (20) is used by the offensive player to record the results of each play attempted, the outcome, points scored and total score. The defensive player reads questions from cards drawn from the 4 categories requested by the offensive player or team. More difficult questions are worth more yards gained. Kick cards (12) are used for punt, kick off, field goal, and extra point attempts. A team marker (16) is placed on a game board (22) which resembles a football field provides yard markers (24) for visual reference of player progress.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 13, 1996
    Date of Patent: May 5, 1998
    Inventors: Martin D. McIntyre, Jerry L. McLendon
  • Patent number: 5709385
    Abstract: A sports board game played on a substantially flat surface includes a rotatable platform and a plurality of interchangeable game boards, the game boards having a plurality of regions colorfully identified thereon. The board game also includes game pieces, and may include goals around the perimeter of the game board and/or targets fixed above the game board surface. Use of the board game includes sliding movements and/or airborne movements of game pieces along and/or above the game board, in a controlled and precise manner. To accomplish the airborne movement, portable slotted ramps are provided to enable players to accurately aim the path of the game piece, and guide the game piece towards the target. A "Finger-Flick.TM." movement involves a player placing one finger on the game board, and using a second finger to contact the game piece for movement along and/or above the game board.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 26, 1995
    Date of Patent: January 20, 1998
    Assignee: Finger Sports, Inc.
    Inventors: Brian F. Fitzpatrick, Chase L. Fitzpatrick
  • Patent number: 5570888
    Abstract: A football game and football game apparatus in which a simulated football is thumped by the finger of a player to place the football in play and move the football to various locations on a board provided with the game. The football apparatus includes a game board has a planar playing surface, yard lines and goal lines marked thereon, movable goal posts, and a trough adjacent to the goal lines to catch the simulated football. The game board may be supported by legs, or placed on the top of a table.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 3, 1995
    Date of Patent: November 5, 1996
    Inventors: Calvin L. Robinson, Dewayne Robinson
  • Patent number: 5505457
    Abstract: A method of playing a wagering game is provided where an outcome is determined by a random value symbol generator actuatable by a player. The method of play simulates the game of bowling. First and second predetermined range of values are selected by a house, and a round of the game is played by the player beginning with the wagering of a wager that a first generation of the value symbol will be within the first predetermined range of values or that a second generation of the value symbol when added to the first generated value symbol will be within the second predetermined range of values. The player then activates the random value symbol generator to produce a first value symbol, and then activates the random value symbol generator to produce a second value symbol where the first value symbol is not within the first predetermined range of values. Where the second value symbol is generated, the value of the first value symbol and the second value symbol are added together to generate a sum.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 5, 1995
    Date of Patent: April 9, 1996
    Assignee: BET Technology, Inc.
    Inventors: Eugene B. Boylan, Robert F. Koerner, Russell R. Hebert
  • Patent number: 5342059
    Abstract: A bowling board game apparatus includes a deck of action cards, a deck of percentage cards, a pin die with twelve sides, and an action die with twelve sides. Each side of the pin die contains indicia indicating the number of pins knocked down or an instruction that a player is to draw an action card. Each side of the action die contains one of three action commands. The apparatus further includes a matrix chart and a pad of score cards. The matrix chart is employed to determine the number of pins knocked down when a player has been instructed to draw a percentage card.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 28, 1993
    Date of Patent: August 30, 1994
    Inventors: Steven W. Briem, Joseph A. Figliomeni
  • Patent number: 5273290
    Abstract: A golf game for one or more players. The golf game includes a playing board having at least one golf course hole depicted thereon, the golf course hole including a tee, obstacles or hazards and a cup. A writing instrument will be used by each player to successively stroke the writing instrument across the golf course hole starting from the tee and continuing to the cup to simulate movement of a golf ball on a course.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 6, 1992
    Date of Patent: December 28, 1993
    Assignee: MGTee, Inc.
    Inventors: Tony Cole, Mike Tawater, Gregory D. Ward
  • Patent number: 5224711
    Abstract: A simulated motion board game in which a player is able to effectively simulate a continuum of sequential motion of one or more subjects contained within scenes of motion individually pictorially depicted on the faces of respective game elements. The representation of a sequence of continuous motion of the subject is independent of the order in which the tiles are placed next to one another. An edge portion of a scene immediately adjacent to the left/right hand edge of one motion tile will always provide a complementary extension of the motion within that portion of the scene immediately adjacent to the right/left hand edge of any other motion tile. As a consequence, even though the particular sequence of continuous motion will depend upon the events depicted in individual ones of the tiles, plural motion tiles placed in side-by-side adjacency with one another will always produce a continuum of motion of the subject traversing the depicted scene.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 10, 1992
    Date of Patent: July 6, 1993
    Inventor: Matthew W. Dresser
  • Patent number: 5221084
    Abstract: A sport game apparatus comprises a board having a sport surface which is provided with a grid pattern dividing the surface into individual player piece location segments. The apparatus further includes a plurality of player pieces movable on the sport surface, setup cards having a least a portion of the sport surface including the grid pattern reproduced in reduced scale on the cards for accurate initial setup of the player pieces in the segments according to the cards and a movement indicator for determining player piece movement along the board.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 28, 1992
    Date of Patent: June 22, 1993
    Inventor: Tom Stelmach
  • Patent number: 5163687
    Abstract: A game board to receive a plurality of decks of cards to include a deck of game cards and player cards, as well as draft cards, provided to direct game participants in selecting and establishing teams of various values and worth. Limits are placed upon such teams to be developed, with game cards utilized as directional cards to effect penalty and reward during the draft selection process. The game is arranged to further provide for a player board formed as a support board to position various player cards thereon, wherein the use of a player support plate and adhering player dollar plates are provided whereupon exceeding of a team dollar limit effects displacement of the player support plate from an associated team support hook.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 24, 1992
    Date of Patent: November 17, 1992
    Inventor: Meredith O. Jenkins
  • Patent number: 5090735
    Abstract: A game which combines skill and chance is disclosed for one or more players. According to the game, each player chooses, beforehand, the outcomes of actual athletic contests. The athletic contests are played in the course of a playing season by existing teams belonging to existing leagues. There are weekly contests, playoff contests, and a championship contest. Each player records his own choices and successes in a bound booklet preprinted with the opposing teams for each of the weekly contests, for the playoff games, and for the championship contest. A group record is kept on a board containing the names of each of the players, and provision for manually inserting the total number of successful choices of each player for each successive week, the cumulative successful choices of each player for all of the preceding weeks of the contest season continuing through the playoffs and concluding with the championship contest.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 26, 1991
    Date of Patent: February 25, 1992
    Assignee: Meaney Enterprises, Inc.
    Inventors: Stacey B. Meaney, Gregory J. Meaney, David W. Schropfer, Harold L. Rogers
  • Patent number: 4501426
    Abstract: A bowling game which utilizes a plurality of bowler cards, each carrying ability indicia representing a particular bowler's ability in a statistically accurate manner. Dice are rolled to represent the rolling of a bowling ball, and the reading of the dice indicates specific indicia on the bowler's card. The indicated indicia refers the game player to corresponding strike and spare boards which carry result indicia representing in a statistically accurate manner the score that the particular bowler would probably obtain, based on his average performance.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 7, 1982
    Date of Patent: February 26, 1985
    Inventor: John R. Seitz
  • Patent number: 4468028
    Abstract: A game board which simulates the play action of a team sporting event. The board is a representation of the playing area for the event and is divided into zones. Indicia spots are randomly arranged in each zone and are normally masked. During play, the spots are unmasked in sequence. The play moves from zone to zone, as determined by the indicia within the spot unmasked in the previous play, each indicia being coupled to a specific zone. Selected indicia indicate a goal is scored and selected indicia also indicate that a period of play is ended. The masking is preferably accomplished by a covering for the indicia spot which may be removed by peeling or by rubbing off.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 6, 1984
    Date of Patent: August 28, 1984
    Assignee: Fleer Corp.
    Inventor: Frank H. Mustin
  • Patent number: 4323240
    Abstract: A game is disclosed in which each of a group of players is provided with a color-coded scorecard. The format of each color-coded scorecard is similar to the format of a scoresheet for scoring a game of bowling. A caller is provided with a bin filled with ten tokens of each color. Each token of the same color is numbered with one of the numerals "1" to "10". The caller randomly selects tokens from the bin and calls the color and number of each token. If the color called corresponds to the color of his color-coded scorecard, the player writes the number called as the first or second ball in a frame of one game on his scorecard. Play ends when one player completes all frames of a game, whereupon all other players complete unscored and partially scored frames by marking gutter balls. Thereafter, each player totals his score for the game in accordance with the rules of bowling. The player with the highest score wins the game. The caller is also preferably provided with a tot board and pegs.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 20, 1980
    Date of Patent: April 6, 1982
    Inventors: Charles G. Stewart, Nellie R. Stewart, Floyd E. Hicks, Maxine Hicks
  • Patent number: 4241924
    Abstract: A board game which simulates olympic athletic events by utilizing a pair of dice for selecting one of a set of cards which determines the number of points scored for a particular athletic event. The game includes a playing board having a plurality of concentrically increasing scoring areas, one of which represents a penalty area and the other of which represents multiplier areas. A series of event playing stations are formed peripherally around the playing board with each playing station identified by a particular athletic event. A set of cards is associated with each of the event playing stations. Each card within a set has one side identified with the particular athletic event of the associated station. The other side of each card within the set contains a particular playing condition and point achievement score. A pair of dice is used to select one of the cards from a particular set. Scoring sheets are utilized for tabulating the scores. The events are listed on each one of the scoring sheets.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 29, 1979
    Date of Patent: December 30, 1980
    Inventor: Frank J. Arcara
  • Patent number: 4235443
    Abstract: A game with a board having two long and two short sides with "pocket" areas at the corners and at the middle of the two long sides, as in pocket billiards or snooker, markers representing balls and a special direction indicator having pointers correlated with a chance device. Directional indicator being engageable with the game board at the pocket areas for attempting to "pocket" markers placed next to the pocket areas. Markers representing balls have retainers on the game board with at least one retainer adjacent each pocket area.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 15, 1978
    Date of Patent: November 25, 1980
    Inventor: Giovanni C. Facchini
  • Patent number: 4141560
    Abstract: Game apparatus including a planar gameboard having indicia simulating a plurality of separate and unrelated sporting event courses such as a track for a bicycle race and track events, a boat rowing course, a swimming pool, an obstacle course, a baseball diamond, and a weightlifting match area. Gamepieces are moved along spaces on selected ones of the courses from a start to a finish line in accordance with the throw of a pair of dice and scores are determined on other ones of the courses by throwing the dice and consulting a chart on the gameboard associated with these courses. The number of dice throws to complete a selected course are converted to a time factor to determine a winner for these events, who is awarded a predetermined number of points. The high scorer on the other ones of the courses is the winner and is awarded points. Lesser finishers are also awarded points. These points are tallied on a scorecard to determine the overall winner of the game.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 8, 1976
    Date of Patent: February 27, 1979
    Inventor: Richard Kaslow
  • Patent number: 4093238
    Abstract: A game comprising selection tiles having two faces, one face of such tile having one of a plurality of variables indicated thereon. Movement tiles are also provided, each movement tile having two faces, each face of the movement tile having one of a plurality of the aforementioned variables marked thereon in a manner so that no single movement tile has the same variable marked on both faces. Numbers are marked on the movement tiles the same number being used on both faces of a movement tile. The game also consists of a game board having a plurality of ranks and files, one set of ranks corresponding to each of the variables, ranks also being provided for each player. Files are arranged under each identification of variations and each identification for a designated player. The game is played by competing players randomly selecting selection tiles in which the variables face downward, each player taking a selection tile for each variable in the game.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 7, 1976
    Date of Patent: June 6, 1978
    Inventor: Myron Alan Moskowitz