Floating Intermediate Sealing Face Member Patents (Class 277/362)
  • Patent number: 11953137
    Abstract: A rotary joint capable of lubricating a sealing surface of a mechanical seal forming a fluid passage through which a gas flows using a liquid even when the liquid flows through only one fluid passage is disclosed. A rotary joint includes a plurality of mechanical seals provided in an axial direction in an annular space between a case body and a shaft body to form a first intermediate flow passage that connects a first outer flow passage and a first inner flow passage of a first fluid passage through which a liquid flows to each other and form a second intermediate flow passage that connects a second outer flow passage and a second inner flow passage of a second fluid passage through which a gas flows to each other.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 12, 2018
    Date of Patent: April 9, 2024
    Assignee: Nippon Pillar Packing Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Yoshinori Kikuyama, Osamu Suzuki, Takashi Nishi
  • Patent number: 11795998
    Abstract: According to various embodiments, a space suit joint is disclosed. The space suit joint includes a contact bearing having a plurality of contact points with an angular offset of a centerline in a radial direction and an angular offset from the centerline in an axial direction. The space suit joint further includes a ferrofluid pressure seal comprising an inner and outer race with a magnetic circuit embedded therein.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 9, 2021
    Date of Patent: October 24, 2023
    Inventors: Milo Hughes, Andrew Redd
  • Patent number: 11707749
    Abstract: A disc-type centrifuge is configured to use clean water as sealing water to be supplied at high pressure to a sealing mechanism unit. A pump is disposed on a circulation pathway connecting a sealing water tank, in which the sealing water is stored, and the sealing mechanism unit. The sealing water (clean water) is circulated between the sealing water tank and the sealing mechanism unit by the pump. The pump is connected to the drive shaft of a motor that supplies a driving force to a rotating shaft and bowl and is configured so that the pump is operated by receiving the driving force of the motor.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 4, 2018
    Date of Patent: July 25, 2023
    Assignee: TOMOE ENGINEERING CO., LTD.
    Inventor: Kenji Morita
  • Patent number: 11655721
    Abstract: A turbocharger includes a shaft extending between first and second shaft ends. A turbine wheel is coupled to the first shaft end, and a bearing housing defines a bearing housing interior and is disposed about the shaft. A turbine housing defines a turbine housing interior and is disposed about the turbine wheel. A sealing assembly includes a case disposed about the shaft and extending between a first case end proximate to the turbine wheel and a second case end distal from the turbine wheel. The sealing assembly also includes a ring disposed between the shaft and the case such that the ring is unobstructed by the case radially between the shaft and the ring. The sealing assembly further includes a deformable component coupled to the second case end and to the ring, and is moveable with the ring to seal the bearing housing interior and the turbine housing interior.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 29, 2020
    Date of Patent: May 23, 2023
    Assignee: BorgWarner Inc.
    Inventors: Augustine Cavagnaro, Donald Michael Kennedy, Erwin Perry Ellwood, III
  • Patent number: 11562842
    Abstract: An electromagnetic actuating device. The device includes an electromagnetic coil including a central recess extending in an axial direction, a cylindrical pole tube inserted into the central recess and provided with a magnetic separation point, an armature situated displaceably in the pole tube, the armature being movable by an actuation of the electromagnetic coil, the armature being mounted in the pole tube in a sleeve-shaped bearing foil inserted into the pole tube, the bearing foil including an inner side facing toward the armature and used as a sliding surface and an outer side facing toward the cylindrical pole tube. It is provided that the bearing foil is coated at least on the inner side using a first layer made of perfluoroalkoxy polymer. A manufacturing method for such an electromagnetic actuating device is also described.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 28, 2020
    Date of Patent: January 24, 2023
    Assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
    Inventor: Norbert Belzner
  • Patent number: 11371639
    Abstract: A seal assembly for an air conditioning system includes an annular inner seal member and an annular outer seal member coupled to the inner seal member. The outer seal member has a first recess formed in a first surface thereof. The first recess transitions between a substantially closed configuration when the outer seal member is compressed and a substantially open configuration when the outer seal member is decompressed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 23, 2019
    Date of Patent: June 28, 2022
    Assignee: HANON SYSTEMS
    Inventors: Eric Kesler, Michael Sproule
  • Patent number: 11261754
    Abstract: The invention relates to a turbojet bearing housing including a fixed envelope traversed by a rotor, this envelope including a cylindrical end surrounding a seal ensuring the leak tightness of the cylindrical end of the envelope with the rotor, this envelope being equipped with a shell screwed onto the cylindrical end thereof, this shell including radial channels emerging opposite the seal while being arranged so that an air stream traversing the seal towards the housing mainly comes from these radial channels.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 5, 2018
    Date of Patent: March 1, 2022
    Assignee: SAFRAN AIRCRAFT ENGINES
    Inventors: Frédéric Patard, Antoine Jean-Philippe Beaujard, Philippe Pierre Vincent Bouiller, Christophe Caplain, Maxime Aurélien Rotenberg
  • Patent number: 11236781
    Abstract: A bearing assembly includes a cylindrical configuration with a radial direction, a circumferential direction and defining a bearing assembly longitudinal axis, a first axial end, and a second axial end, an inner radial race, an outer radial race, a bearing member configured to be disposed radially between the inner radial race and the outer radial race, and a retaining ring configured to engage the inner radial race and the outer radial race, the retaining ring being configured to limit longitudinal movement of the inner radial race relative to the outer radial race once assembled.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 27, 2018
    Date of Patent: February 1, 2022
    Assignee: Caterpillar Inc.
    Inventor: Michael Stephen Galat
  • Patent number: 11117142
    Abstract: A centrifuge has a rotor and a rotor chamber in which the rotor is arranged and rotatably mounted, wherein the rotor has a receiving region for receiving a reaction vessel unit, and the centrifuge being provided with a loading and unloading device comprising a rigid sliding rod for positioning a reaction vessel unit in or for removing a reaction vessel unit from the rotor, wherein the sliding bar is movably arranged in such a way that it, between a discharge position in which it extends through the rotor in the rotor chamber and a loading position in which it is pulled at least out of the region of the rotor chamber, which is stressed by the rotor during one revolution, and a linear drive for moving the sliding rod between the discharge position and the loading position.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 23, 2017
    Date of Patent: September 14, 2021
    Assignee: BLUECATBIO GMBH
    Inventors: Wolfgang Mann, Wolfgang Heimberg, Johann Junkersfeld, Matthias Erzberger, Frank Feist
  • Patent number: 10577958
    Abstract: A variable turbine geometry (VTG) turbocharger is disclosed. The VTG turbocharger may comprise a turbine section, a bearing section, and an actuation pivot shaft (APS) having a bearing side in the bearing section and a pressure side in the turbine section. The VTG turbocharger may further comprise a bushing surrounding the APS and extending from a first end at the pressure side to a second end at the bearing side. In addition, the VTG turbocharger may further comprise a face seal assembly including a cup spring and a composite ring seal circumscribing the APS at the pressure side, with the cup spring forming a face seal with the first end of the bushing. The face seal assembly may further include a spring circumscribing the APS at the bearing side and engaging the second end of the bushing.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 11, 2017
    Date of Patent: March 3, 2020
    Assignee: BorgWarner Inc.
    Inventor: Donald M. Kennedy
  • Patent number: 10550949
    Abstract: System and methods are configured to adjust fluid pressure within a barrier fluid system on a subsea fluid processing machine. More specifically, a barrier fluid pressure system is located at the subsea location and includes a barrier fluid pressure regulator module having one input communicating or being pressure matched with a process fluid flowline and a second input communicating with the barrier fluid pressure system. The pressure regulator module is configured to locally adjust the barrier fluid pressure depending upon the fluid process pressure.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 11, 2017
    Date of Patent: February 4, 2020
    Assignee: ONESUBSEA IP UK LIMITED
    Inventors: Stig Kaare Kanstad, Kjartan Juul Skarboe, Anders Brunvold
  • Patent number: 10405884
    Abstract: An access device for surgical procedures includes a multiport end cap including a plurality of separate access ports for accommodating introduction of individual surgical instruments into the body of a patient. The access ports extend in a proximal direction. The end cap includes a distally extending seal ring. A bottom body has a distally extending tubular body with an access channel defined therethrough for accommodating surgical instruments from the access ports into the body of a patient. The bottom body includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart teeth, wherein the seal ring of the end cap is received inside and seals against a proximal rim of the bottom body. The end cap includes at least one flexible tab with distal teeth thereon configured to engage and disengage the teeth of the bottom body to selectively permit or prevent relative axial rotation of the multiport end cap.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 23, 2017
    Date of Patent: September 10, 2019
    Assignee: Conmed Corporation
    Inventors: Michael J. Augelli, Gennady Kleyman, Michael J. Kane, Robert Pedros
  • Patent number: 10385977
    Abstract: A shaft slide ring seal arrangement including a shaft, which has a first and second end, and a slide ring seal, which includes a shaft slide ring connected non-rotatably to the shaft, the axial displaceability whereof is limited at least in the direction of the first end of the shaft by a limiting element, and a slide ring arrangement arranged at a radial distance from the shaft, which slide ring arrangement lies, at a side of the shaft slide ring pointing towards the second end of the shaft, axially adjacent thereto, as well as a retaining ring supported on the shaft, the axial displaceability whereof is limited at least in the direction of the second end of the shaft and which centers the slide ring arrangement, on its side facing away from the shaft slide ring, with respect to the shaft.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 1, 2016
    Date of Patent: August 20, 2019
    Assignee: NETZSCH Pumpen & Systeme GmbH
    Inventors: Johann Kreidl, Hisham Kamal, Mikael Tekneyan, Philipp Nuebl
  • Patent number: 10173227
    Abstract: A centrifugal separator includes a housing, a spindle, and a rotor. The spindle is only journaled in a bearing arrangement fixedly positioned in the housing at the first axial end portion. The centrifugal separator includes a seal arranged between the spindle and the housing. The seal is arranged at a distance from the bearing arrangement where the spindle is subjected to deflection. The seal includes a cylindrical inner surface associated with the housing, a circular slot in the spindle or in a rotating member associated with the spindle, and a piston ring arranged in the slot and abutting against the cylindrical inner surface.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 21, 2016
    Date of Patent: January 8, 2019
    Assignee: ALFA LAVAL CORPORATE AB
    Inventors: Thomas Eliasson, Per Fonser
  • Patent number: 9567946
    Abstract: A first tubular portion has a cross sectional shape which is a non-perfect circle relative to an axis thereof. A second tubular portion is disposed concentrically with the first tubular portion. The second tubular portion has a cross sectional shape relative to its axis, which is a congruent shape of the cross sectional shape of the first tubular portion. A sealing member is disposed between the first tubular portion and the second tubular portion for sealing therebetween. The sealing member has a cross sectional shape of which length parallel to its axis is greater than length which is perpendicular to the axis.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 6, 2015
    Date of Patent: February 14, 2017
    Assignee: DENSO CORPORATION
    Inventors: Shigeru Hasegawa, Tomohiro Itoh, Kosei Takagi, Ryoyu Kishi
  • Patent number: 9527697
    Abstract: A fully articulated and continuous rotation jib crane system includes a first crane arm connected to a crane post by a first pivot joint and a second crane arm connected to the first crane arm by a second pivot joint, each pivot joint including a shaft having a plurality of apertures in fluid communication with the pivot joints and internal bores of the crane arms to transfer a vacuum system pressure, the pivot joints facilitating continuous rotation of each of the first and the second crane arms for any degree of rotation while maintaining the vacuum system pressure through the first and the second pivot joints and the first and the second crane arms.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 3, 2014
    Date of Patent: December 27, 2016
    Assignee: RAKA CORPORATION
    Inventor: Eric Jacob Steffes
  • Patent number: 9528554
    Abstract: A bearing assembly, including: an axis of rotation; an outer bearing ring; an inner bearing ring; and a seal. The seal includes: an annular-shaped body made of a flexible material and including a radially outermost segment in contact with the outer bearing ring and sealed against the outer bearing ring, a radially innermost segment in contact with a first portion of the inner bearing ring and sealed against the first portion of the inner bearing ring and a lip segment. The lip segment extends from the body in a first axial direction parallel to the axis of rotation, is located between the radially outermost and innermost segments in a radial direction orthogonal to the axis of rotation, and, is in contact with and sealed against a second portion of the inner bearing ring. The seal includes a reinforcing brace at least partially embedded in the body.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 26, 2015
    Date of Patent: December 27, 2016
    Assignee: Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG
    Inventor: William Moratz
  • Patent number: 9291269
    Abstract: An intershaft seal is provided for inner and outer coaxial shafts which rotate relative to each other. The seal is located in an annular space between the shafts and maintains an axial pressure differential between a fluid pressure on the first side of the seal and a different fluid pressure on the other, second side of the seal. The seal includes a first runner which extends circumferentially around a first one of the shafts and projects therefrom into the annular space. The seal further includes a sealing ring which is coaxial with the shafts.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 5, 2013
    Date of Patent: March 22, 2016
    Assignee: ROLLS-ROYCE PLC
    Inventors: Ingo Henry Johannes Jahn, Christopher Davies
  • Patent number: 8734147
    Abstract: This shaft seal structure has at a fitting portion between a container wall of a pressurized container in which high pressure gas is enclosed and a rotating shaft that passes through the container wall: O-rings that are disposed at least two locations in the axial direction of the rotating shaft; and grease that is pressurized.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 6, 2006
    Date of Patent: May 27, 2014
    Assignee: IHI Corporation
    Inventor: Kazuhiko Katsumata
  • Patent number: 8186688
    Abstract: A shaft sealing device in which a load acting on a sliding section of the device is reduced to extend the life of the device and which permits no leakage of fluid in a machine to an atmospheric air. The shaft sealing device has seals arranged in three stages in the axial direction between a seal case and a rotating shaft passed through the inner periphery of the seal case. A first-stage seal on the machine's inner side and a third-stage seal on the machine's outer side have contact type mechanical seal structures in which a rotational sealing element and a stationary sealing element are in close sliding contact with each other. The intermediate second-stage seal has a contactless mechanical seal structure in which a rotational sealing element and a stationary sealing element are kept by dynamic pressure so as not to be in contact with each other.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 28, 2009
    Date of Patent: May 29, 2012
    Assignee: Eagle Industry Co., Ltd.
    Inventor: Koji Akiyama
  • Publication number: 20080115629
    Abstract: Disclosed herein is a hydraulic hand tool. The tool includes a frame, a hydraulic drive, a drive shaft, and a seal assembly. The hydraulic drive is connected to the frame and includes a housing. The drive shaft extends from the hydraulic drive. The seal assembly is located between the drive shaft and the housing. The seal assembly includes a first seal member, a second seal member, and a carrier ring. The first seal member is in contact with the housing. The second seal member is in contact with the drive shaft. The carrier ring has an outer annular groove and an inner annular groove. The first seal member is located within the outer annular groove. The second seal member is located within the inner annular groove. The carrier ring includes a polymer material configured to elastically deform in response to a hydraulic load from hydraulic fluid at the hydraulic drive.
    Type: Application
    Filed: November 20, 2006
    Publication date: May 22, 2008
    Inventors: John W. Ayer, Mark A. Chiasson
  • Patent number: 7210687
    Abstract: A primary technical goal of this shaft seal device is to decrease the pressure of a sealant at a communication passage between a fluid chamber and a first seal portion, to further reduce the pressure by a floating ring, to make the first seal portion pressure-proof for sealing a high pressure process fluid, and to reduce the cost of the shaft seal device by simplifying its structure. The device comprises a fluid chamber being located between the first seal portion and the second seal portion, an intake passage being communicated to a communication passage between the fluid chamber and the first seal portion for allowing a sealant S to flow in, a floating ring being disposed within the fluid chamber and defining a pressure reduction gap between its own inner surface and the rotary shaft, and an outlet passage being communicated to the pressure reduction gap for circulating the pressure reduced sealant.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 24, 2003
    Date of Patent: May 1, 2007
    Assignee: Eagle Industry Co., Ltd.
    Inventor: Hidekazu Takahashi
  • Patent number: 7055826
    Abstract: A seal and bearing assembly for use in rotating machinery of the type having a rotor which turns within a stationary housing. The rotor and housing define a seal cavity therein in which the seal and bearing assembly is positioned. The assembly comprises a first bearing race adapted for engagement with a rotating surface on the rotor or a stationary surface, a second race adapted for engagement with the other of the rotating or stationary surfaces, and a plurality of bearing elements disposed between the first and second races. A bearing cage may be used which defines a plurality of bearing openings therein disposed between the first and second races, wherein the bearing elements are disposed in the bearing openings. Preferably, the bearing elements are rollers.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 2, 2001
    Date of Patent: June 6, 2006
    Assignee: Dunrite Manufacturing Co., Inc.
    Inventor: Lands J. Stewart, Jr.
  • Patent number: 6811155
    Abstract: A primary technical goal of this shaft seal device is to decrease the number of seals by means of a pressure reducing floating ring, to integrate the whole unit and to simplify assembly of the device due to its simplified construction. The seal device disposes a fixed sleeve whose outer diameter surface is fitted to the inner diameter surfaces of a first sleeve and a second sleeve and whose inner diameter surface can be fitted over a rotary shaft, said fixed sleeve and said second sleeve being engaged and joined with each other by means of a connecting means.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 25, 2003
    Date of Patent: November 2, 2004
    Assignee: Eagle Industry Co., Ltd.
    Inventor: Hidekazu Takahashi
  • Publication number: 20040183258
    Abstract: The invention relates to a device for float mounting a sealed housing (17) around a rotating, deflecting shaft (1). A sealed housing (17) is connected to a static part (5) in such a way that it can yield radially as well as rotate around a shaft axis (2) at least to a small extent.
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 2, 2003
    Publication date: September 23, 2004
    Inventors: Alfred Kunz, Jorg List
  • Patent number: 6416057
    Abstract: A brush seal arrangement for sealing cooperation between a shaft and a surrounding member which is relatively rotatable with respect to the shaft. The brush seal includes an annular rotor disposed in surrounding relationship to the shaft and sealed with respect to the housing, and the rotor mounts thereon first and second annular bush members which are disposed in axially spaced relation and which have annular edge portions which create a frictional and sealing engagement with the shaft to nonrotatably and sealingly couple the rotor to the shaft. A passage extends through the rotor for communication with an annular region defined between the annular brushes in surrounding relationship to the shaft, and a pressurized buffer gas is supplied through the passage into the annular region.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 14, 2000
    Date of Patent: July 9, 2002
    Assignee: Flowserve Management Company
    Inventors: William V. Adams, Christopher D. McCowey, Leroy A. Waling, Antonio F. Artiles
  • Patent number: 6390478
    Abstract: A sealing arrangement for a swivel (1) comprising inner and outer mutually rotatable swivel members (2, 3), wherein the swivel members have respective inner fluid paths communicating with each other through one or more associated annular spaces (7) at the interface between the swivel members. A first one (3) of the swivel members on each side of the annular space (7) is provided with a peripheral groove (16) receiving a radially displaceable ring element (17) provided with sealing means (18, 19) which are arranged for static sealing against the other swivel member (2) and for dynamic sealing between the ring element (17) and the side walls of the peripheral groove (16), so that the first swivel member (3) apart from the ring elements (17) is rotatable in relation to the other swivel member (2).
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 27, 1996
    Date of Patent: May 21, 2002
    Assignee: Den Norske Stats Oljeselskap A.S.
    Inventor: Martin Sigmundstad
  • Patent number: 6315297
    Abstract: A seal assembly (10) for a pump provides sealing between a rotating shaft assembly (11, 12) and a fixed casing (13). The casing (13) has inner and outer stationary sealing faces (33, 34). A spacer (21) is rotationally locked to the sleeve (12), but the sleeve (12) is able to move axially relative to the spacer (21), at least to a limited extent. Inner and outer rotating heads (26, 27) are carried by spacer (21) and are biased by axial springs (32) against respective stationary sealing faces (33, 34). The seal assembly provides a double seal between rotating and stationary members, yet accommodates axial movement of the shaft sleeve (12). The sealing components are located in a chamber (14) containing liquid lubricant, and a paddle (25) is provided on the spacer (21) to induce circulation and misting of the lubricant.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 20, 1999
    Date of Patent: November 13, 2001
    Assignee: Sealing Technology Pty Ltd.
    Inventors: Paul Francis Conway, Bradley John Ryan, Kenneth Michael Crane
  • Publication number: 20010007385
    Abstract: Sealing arrangement between relatively rotatable components that includes a first component having a cylindrical circumferential surface on one of an interior and exterior circumference, and a second component having a ring groove open toward the circumferential surface. A ring-shaped carrier is arranged to be displaceable in the ring groove, a centering rod is arranged to guide the ring-shaped carrier on the circumferential surface, and a radial lip seal is arranged to rest against the circumferential surface in an elastic manner. An axial seal is arranged to rest against a side wall of the ring groove, and an anti-twisting device is coupled to the ring-shaped carrier and arranged to enable a limited range of motion in all directions of a radial plane.
    Type: Application
    Filed: January 3, 2001
    Publication date: July 12, 2001
    Inventors: Francis Lebeau, Reinhard Wenzel
  • Patent number: 6244599
    Abstract: A seal assembly which cooperates between relatively rotatable members for creating a sealing relationship between areas of high and low pressures. The assembly includes a face seal arrangement nonrotatably associated with one of the relatively rotatable members, which face seal arrangement defines thereon a pair of annular sealing faces, and an annular brush having a plurality of bristles disposed in an annular array. The brush bristles are mounted on the holder such that free ends thereof are in sealing contact with the other member to form a first seal between the areas of high and low pressures, whereby the brush is rotatable along with the other member to minimize wear thereto. The brush defines thereon a pair of annular sealing faces which are disposed in axially adjacent and opposed face-to-face relation with the respective sealing faces of the face seal arrangement to form a second seal between the areas of high and low pressures.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 28, 1999
    Date of Patent: June 12, 2001
    Assignee: Flowserve Management Company
    Inventors: Minel J. Braun, Fred K. Choy
  • Patent number: 5997004
    Abstract: A hybrid floating brush seal (10) generally includes a brush (30) that encircles a rotating shaft (12). The brush (30) includes a bristle portion (32) that is carried by a holder (34). A self acting film device such as a spiral groove seal (52) is disposed adjacent to a back plate (36) of the holder (34). A collar (72) is disposed adjacent to a front plate (38) of the holder (34). A plurality of pins (70) and springs (76) act to bias the brush (30) away from the collar (72) towards the spiral groove seal (52). When the shaft (12) rotates, the spiral groove seal (52) creates a cushion of air between itself and the back plate (36) of the brush (30) thus forcing the brush (30) against the springs (76). Thus, the brush (30) constantly adjusts its position between the collar (72) and the spiral groove seal (52) while creating minimal friction.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 22, 1996
    Date of Patent: December 7, 1999
    Assignee: Flowserve Management Company
    Inventors: Minel J. Braun, Fred K. Choy
  • Patent number: 5791656
    Abstract: A seal assembly is located at an entrance and/or an exit of a heat treatment furnace with a side plate for heat treating a continuously fed metallic strip. The furnace includes an elastic rotating roll which has a roll body and a roll shaft, and is engaged with an elastic pad fixed on a surface of a seal plate and the metallic strip to seal an inside of the furnace against outside air. The seal assembly includes at least two closely-set slip disks arranged in an axial direction of an end side of the roll body, and at least one elastic disk engaging the side plate of the furnace. The at least two slip disks and at least one elastic disk are fitted over the roll shaft between the side plate of the furnace on which the elastic rotating roll is rotatably mounted and the roll body of the elastic rotating roll such that the at least two slip disks and the at least one elastic disk are in surface contact with each other.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 6, 1996
    Date of Patent: August 11, 1998
    Assignee: Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd.
    Inventor: Teruhisa Nakamura