Abstract: A forged-steel connecting rod blank is formed with intentional-break zones extending over one or both of the broad crankshaft-eye surfaces of the connecting rod or as crevices formed radially in the inner surface of the large-diameter bore of the eye and running from an upper edge to a web of the material which is ultimately punched out.

Abstract: An elongated siding panel and a longitudinally extending panel attachment and support strip have overlapping edge portions with longitudinally spaced slots receiving corresponding hook-shaped tabs to form loose positive connections. The slots have a length longer than the tabs to provide for limited longitudinal movement of the panel relative to the support strip. The panel and strip are preferably formed from an extruded flat strip of semi-rigid plastics material, and the continuously formed panel and support strip are progressively notched and punched at longitudinally spaced intervals to form the slots and tabs and expansion slots. The notched and punched support strip is progressively severed from the panel, twisted on a longitudinal axis, and the tabs are progressively inserted into the slots for hooking the overlapping edge portion of the panel.

Abstract: A sidewall actuated channel array for a high density ink jet printhead includes a top wall, bottom wall and a plurality of liquid confining channels formed between columns of polarized piezoelectric material. The array is formed from a plurality of sheets of polarized piezoelectric material which are joined together. Several embodiments are provided for distributing the joints between sheets of piezoelectric material to reduce the magnitude of the electric field needed to polarize the piezoelectric material.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electrical switching contactor provides a more effective electro-magnetic pulling force in a smaller sized package. The method includes forming at least two adjacent closed-loop laminated metal cores from a substantially continuous length of magnetic metal, providing a coil bobbin separated into first and second sections through a vertical axis, arranging the first and second sections about a center portion of the closed-loop laminated cores, such that the center potion includes a part of each adjacent closed-loop. A coil is wrapped around the coil bobbin, and the coil bobbin is arranged with respect to the coil to electrically insulate the coil from the adjacent closed-loop laminated cores.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a two-section flag pole comprising a pointed lower section for planting into the ground and an upper section having a colored area and a numbered flag for establishing a target in a game of flying-disc golf. Each flag may be removed from or rolled over the pole and the pole can be disassembled for ease of storage. A threaded or snap-on quick-coupler is used to assemble the two sections of each pole, so that it may be easily and quickly installed at each selected target site. The flag poles can be manufactured entirely by utilizing standard-size tubing available for gardening applications.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for making an organism deposit-inhibition pipe, which excels in corrosion resistance, dispenses with maintenance work, and offers no toxicity problems. A thin sheet comprising a copper alloy is wound spirally around a round bar and inserted into a resin pipe made up of an electrical insulating material. And the round bar is taken out. The obtained pipe has an inner wall which is covered with the copper thin sheet. The copper alloy has a Be content of 0.2 to 2.8% by weight, and is selected from, e.g., Be--Cu, Be--Co--Cu, Be--Co--Si--Cu and Be--Ni--Cu alloys. The beryllium-copper alloy has a remarkable antifouling effect and provides a continued liberation of copper ions.

Abstract: A cover assembly for an internal combustion engine includes sleeves that are connected with a cover member by rubber bodies. The rubber bodies decouple the cover member from structure-borne sound from the engine. Depending on its configuration, the cover assembly may be used as an oil pan or a valve hood. The cover assembly is made from a cover blank which includes the cover member, the sleeves, and webs which connect the sleeves to the cover member. The cover blank is placed in a mold. The webs break and the sleeves are axially displaced with respect to the cover member as the mold is closed. An elastomer material is then injected into the mold to form the rubber bodies.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for use in a method of making a torque converter clutch. The torque converter clutch is comprised of an annular clutch plate to which is secured or bonded an annular friction surface. The annular friction surface is formed on the machine by die-stamping, from a flat sheet of friction material, successive arcuate segments. Each arcuate segment is stamped into a holding ring which is indexed to accept the next successive segment until a full annulus is provided. The holding ring is transported to a stripper station. Simultaneous with the stamping, the annular clutch plate is heated and transported to the stripper station. When both components are in the stripper station, the friction annulus is stripped from the holding ring onto the heated clutch plate. The clutch plate and attached friction annulus are discharged from the machine. Simultaneous with the stamping, the offal of the sheet of friction material is cut transversely and longitudinally for discharge into an egress channel.

Abstract: In order to assure a safe gas discharge from the cavity formed in the tire-vulcanizing mold during the forming of the tire blanks, the profiled segment (1) be divided along at least one separating line (2) into at least two partial segments (3 to 8), that the separating line (2) extends substantially radially in relationship to the tire mold, and that the separating line (2) cuts the areas of the tire-vulcanizing mold to be vented. Manufacture of the segments is done such that the profiled segment (1) is first manufactured in one piece and is thereafter divided into the partial segments by means of a cutting operation, such as a wire cutting spark-erosion cutting operation, leaving behind a narrow cutting line (FIG. 1).

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing rings, cylinders, hemispheres and spheres having a elatively strong central working field. The manufacture of complex magnetic structures is greatly simplified by a method of cutting wedge shaped portions radially into sections, rotating the bonded sections about a radial axis prior to magnetization, magnetizing the sections in a uniform magnetic field, rotating the magnetic sections into their original positions thereby forming the resulting desired permanent magnet structure. In another embodiment, another method of making a hemispherical or spherical magnet structure using rings ground into wedge shaped portions and reassembled is disclosed. In another embodiment, a method of manufacturing a cylindrical quadrupole is disclosed whereby sections of a magic ring are removed and collapsed to form half a cylinder and combined with an analogously collapsed magic ring forming a second half cylinder and combined to form a quadrupole.

Abstract: A method of producing a truck-like conversion van starts with a conventional, cargo van, and vertically cuts the conventional van only partially along a vertical section of the main frame of the vehicle, just rearwardly of the side doors of the van. Thereafter, a horizontal cut is made starting from the bottom of the vertical cut and progressing rearwardly all the way through the frame or existing floor of the van. Thus a rectangular-shaped slab or cutout of the conventional van is removed. The horizontal plane in which the horizontal cut is made is above the top of the rear tail lights, so that, not only are all of the mechanical parts of the original van retained, but also the same, original tail lights are also retained. After the slab has been cut away and removed, a truck-bed liner-insert of the invention is inserted into the cut-away, rear portion of the van, which rear portion is partially hollow, by which the liner-insert may be received therein.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a two-section flag pole comprising a pointed lower section for planting into the ground and an upper section having a colored area and a numbered flag for establishing a target in a game of flying-disc golf. Each flag may be removed from or rolled over the pole and the pole can be disassembled for ease of storage. A threaded or snap-on quick-coupler is used to assemble the two sections of each pole, so that it may be easily and quickly installed at each selected target site. The flag poles can be manufactured entirely by utilizing standard-size tubing available for gardening applications.

Abstract: A fracturing tool for connecting rods has a first and second body prepared from material with a grain direction, each body having a semi-cylindrical protuberance with an axis substantially parallel with the grain of the material. The two protuberances together define a substantially cylindrical mandrel which can be placed within the large bore of a connecting rod which is to be cracked. The bodies are mounted so that one of them is slidable toward and away from the other in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the mandrel. The method of making the tool includes mounting the bodies on a rotary table having an axis of rotation coaxial with that of the mandrel. The rotary table rotates while a grinding wheel finish grinds the mandrel surface.

Abstract: A method of making a cloth cutter knife permeable bed formed from a plurality of elongate support members, preferably plastic extrusions, which provides a permeable support surface in a cloth cutting machine upon which a lay-up is supported for cutting by a cutter head. The extrusions are cut up by the reciprocated knife of the cutter head to form a multiplicity of bristles which after subsequent cutting operations of the lay-up create a dense knife permeable bristle bed for supporting the layup in a generally flat manner.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a multiple part component such as a connecting rod by integrally forming the connecting rod in one piece, laser cutting a stress riser along a surface of the connecting rod characterized by a deep and narrow groove and applying a tension force to separate the connecting rod into two parts, a main body and a bearing cap.

Abstract: A method of producing an ink-jet type printer head wherein a plurality of plate-shaped piezoelectric members are stuck onto the surface of a low-rigidity member so that they are disposed adjacent to the low-rigidity member. A plurality of grooves extending from the surfaces of the piezoelectric members to the inside of the low-rigidity member are defined by grinding in parallel at given intervals inclusive of positions at which the grooves extend through joints between the adjacent piezoelectric members. In addition, posts are formed on both sides of each of the grooves and electrodes are disposed on both inner sides of each groove. A roof is stuck on the surfaces of the piezoelectric members so as to define a plurality of pressure chambers having one end in which a plurality of nozzles are formed.

Abstract: A method for production of an armature device group for matrix print heads of the clapper-armature construction is based on connecting and jointly processing prefabricated parts (1, 2) such that elongated armatures with wide armature arms (4) and narrower armature arms (5) are generated. For further decreasing the production costs and for increasing the precision of the armature coordination, for facilitating mounting and for saving assembly steps, an armature circle (1) is punched out with openings (6). An annular elastic shaped plate (2) of sheet metal is then attached covering the opening (6) and the radially outer and radially inner armature arms (4, 5) are then cut out employing a method such as thermal cutting or, respectively, water-torch cutting, without damaging of the shaped plate (2).

Abstract: A method and an apparaus for fracturing cap and shaft of connecting rods manufactured by powder forging in which the cap or the shaft of the connecting rod is fixed on a support movable perpendicularly to the plane of fracture, the portion of the connecting rod not fixed on the support is held stationary, and a straight central impact acting along the axis of symmetry of the connecting rod is applied to the support in the direction of fracture.

Abstract: A multi-purpose receptacle of the type utilizing discarded pneumatic tire of a motor vehicle is disclosed. This receptacle comprises an annular body defining an upper tread portion, a sidewall converging downwardly from said upper tread portion, a supporting rim terminating at the lower end of said sidewall, a bottom wall secured within the lower end of said sidewall, and jointing means connecting the free ends of said body.

Abstract: Extended stators for pumps or motors with eccentric shafts are made by machining. These stators are provided in the direction of their long axis with a dual- or multi-thread inner bore profile having periodically repeated profile pitches of predetermined lead as interior stator work faces. The course of the following method steps are utilized: (a) partial segments of the inner bore profile are produced by means of machining on rod-like work pieces as exterior working surfaces; (b) the work pieces are then separated in the direction of their long axes into a predetermined number of partial work pieces in such a way that each partial work piece has a partial segment of the inner bore profile, and (c) these partial work pieces are subsequently assembled together in such a way that the partial segments are combined into a complete inner bore profile.

Abstract: A rotor assembly for an electric motor includes a plurality of laminations disposed in a stack, a tension rod extending axially through the rotor lamination stack, and end clamps disposed at each end of the rotor lamination stack and secured to the tension rod for compressing the stack to hold the laminations of the stack fixedly in position by compression. A method of stamping rotor and stator laminations for a doubly salient electric motor from a single piece of metal includes the steps of stamping a rotor lamination out of the piece of metal, and stamping the stator lamination out of the piece of metal offset from the stamping of the rotor lamination so that a tooth of the rotor lamination stamping is taken from the gap between two teeth of the stator lamination stamping. The centroids of the rotor and stator laminations in their stamped locations in the piece of metal are offset from one another.

Abstract: The cyclic carbon brake disc overhaul technique comprises the steps of splitting a worn carbon disc (10, 100 ) into two equal disc halvess (16, 116), machining the disc halves (16, 116) to a predetermined axial thickness, and then bonding the disc halves (18, 118) of predetermined thickness to a core member (22, 122). The disc halves (18) may include drive regions (20) at respective ends thereof, or the halves (118) may have the drive regions (112) removed therefrom. The core member (224) may have axially extending drive portions (225) such that the disc halves (118) of reduced radial length define wear grooves (227) with the drive portions (225).

Abstract: A method of producing a device for magnifying displacement of a piezoelectric element adapted to be displaced by application of voltage thereto. The method includes a first step of forming a movable member integrally with a frame through a connecting portion in such a manner as a space for inserting therein a piezoelectric element is defined between the movable member and a base portion of the frame; a second step of fixing the leaf spring to the frame and the movable member; and a third step of forming a separation groove in the connecting portion to separate the movable member from the frame.

Abstract: A method of cracking bearing assembles including the steps of (a) forming a ductile metal (steel, aluminum or titanium) connecting rod in one piece (e.g., by hot forging) having an annular wall defining a crankshaft opening with preformed surface crevices for guiding the initiation of a cracking plane that extends across the crank opening; (b) charging (i.e., for about 40 seconds) the region of such wall along at least one portion of the cracking plane with hydrogen by means of an electrolytic cell or by means of reacting the metal rod with a strong acid (e.g., concentrated sulfuric) to cause hydrogen to dissolve in the metal to facilitate hydrogen stress cracking thereat, with or without the imposition of static mechanical tensile loading at such crevices (i.e., for about 40 seconds) of a magnitude insufficient to cause yielding of the metal; and (c) prolonging, increasing, or imposing the static mechanical loading (i.e.

Abstract: A method of producing castellated beam. A first continuous cut 18 is made along the web of a universal beam, and a second cut 20 is then made along the web on a path differing from the path of the first cut. The cuts are such as to define rectilinear sections (24, 26) lying on alternate sides of the centerline of the web and at least partly curvilinear sections (25, 27) joining the closest ends of adjacent rectilinear sections. The cut halves of the beam are separated and are then welded together (at 28) in regions formed by juxtaposition of rectilinear sections of the two halves. Beams, having circular, elliptical or other curvilinear openings can thus be made.

Abstract: The seal and guide includes two portions which are connected by an elastomeric hinge. One of the portions is a fixation member which attaches to the flange on the frame of an automobile. The other portion includes a guiding and sealing channel which receives a movable window. Due to the elastomeric hinge, the guiding and sealing channel is allowed to flex so as to compensate for irregularities in the shape of the door frame. In this manner, the window may be easily moved and properly sealed on a variety of door frames.

Abstract: An item of luggage includes a rigid, generally rectangular luggage body having rounded corners, and a pair of generally rectangular, flexible walls which engage opposite sides of the luggage body to define the luggage interior. The corners of the flexible walls are cut to form notches, and a section of flexible, resilient material is sewn into the notches in a manner causing the section of material to form a three-dimensional, contoured shape having an edge which can be placed against and sewn to an adjacent rounded edge of the luggage body. PVC piping is sewn between the flexible walls and the luggage body and section of flexible, resilient material to give the luggage a pleasing appearance and to help strengthen the corner construction.

Abstract: A process for forming a metallic article such as a fluid actuated ram assembly and particularly a hydraulically actuated ram assembly which includes as an initial step production of a raw casting from a mold. Subsequently one or more transverse parting operations are effected to the casting so as to form components of the article which may subsequently be attached to form the article. Suitably the raw casting is mounted on a lathe for various machining operations to be effected prior to carrying out the parting operations.

Abstract: The method of manufacture of a multi-stage venturi ejector and body segments thereof which comprises forming an elongated extrusion having an ejector body cross-sectional shape with laterally extending mounting projections and axially extending internal air passages, cutting said extrusion transversely to form ejector body portions of predetermined length, enlarging said passages to a desired size and shape, forming venturi chambers at the front end of one set of air passages and providing check valve means at the other set of air passages, and assembling said body segments end to end.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing blow molded plastic cases of the type comprising two hollow hinged containers where at least one of the containers has a compartment, and a door for the compartment is presented. The method allows the manufacture of compartment doors as part of an integrated manufacture without requiring a separate blow molding step to make the door. The method comprises blow molding a standard size door as one face of a first hollow container, in an area of the container which would otherwise be cut out and discarded, removing the door from the container, storing the door for future use, and assembling the first hollow container with a second blow molded hollow container to make a first case. A third and fourth hollow container are blow molded, and an area sized to accommodate the door stock is cut from the third container. The door is retrieved from stock and mounted in the third hollow container.

Abstract: A bearing block for anchoring a self-contained bearing for a moving part of a robotic manipulator to such robotic manipulator is provided, wherein the self-contained bearing has a known outside diameter. In particular, the bearing block comprises a body portion having attachment means for attaching the bearing block to the robotic manipulator, with such body portion being split into a base piece and a clamp piece along a dividing axis. A bearing race or bore is formed through the body portion and centered therewithin on the dividing axis. The bore is formed after the body portion has been split along the dividing axis, and has an effective diameter slightly undersized relative the outside diameter of the self-contained bearing to be held therewithin.

Abstract: An improved shoe for a structural support and an improved method of forming the same wherein rigid angular parts have the base members positioned in cooperative reinforcing relation and joined together with the side members extending in opposed faced and spaced relation to each other to form the structural shoe.

Abstract: A method and structure for assembling plastic parts is disclosed wherein a first part is formed with integral projections and each including a tubular shank and a plug attached to the shank by a frangible web. A second part having apertures therein which mate with the projections is secured to the first part by displacing the plugs into the shanks which are thereby caused to expand.

Abstract: A cavity closure, such as an engine accessory or inspection cover, is provided having separate rim and central panel members secured together by a vibration absorbent elastomer which acts both to seal a gap between the memebrs and the outer periphery of the closed opening against leakage and to minimize noise generation by the central panel by damping panel vibrations and isolating the panel against the transmission of vibrations to it from the supporting rim and engine housing. A preferred manufacturing method involves forming the rim and central panel as a unit and then separating them by shearing to form opposed edges of identical configuration which are longitudinally displaced prior to applying the bead joining the members and providing sealing and vibration isolation.

Abstract: A wheel assembly includes a cam and a cam gear mounted on a camshaft of an internal combustion engine. The cam gear is constructed of a laminated stack of flat plate members which are disposed in abutting relationship to one another to form a plurality of axially spaced and radially extending interfaces. The cam gear is press fit onto the camshaft and the frictional forces between the gear and the camshaft provide the substantially sole force for maintaining the interfaces between the plate members in abutting relationship at their radially outer ends to form integral tooth members. The cam is also constructed of a laminated stack of flat plate members and press fit onto the camshaft in substantially the same manner as the gear to form an integral cam surface. The plates which form the cam are stamped from the plates that form the gear.

Abstract: To prepare a split frustoconic jaw intended for the anchoring of a cable, a part is first taken bounded externally by a frustoconic surface and hollowed by a cylindrical axial channel whose inner surface is advantageously striated. This part is sawed into by substantially axial and radial slashes leaving bridges to subsist of small thickness at the bottom of these slashes throughout the central channel. An assembly ring is mounted in an outer annular groove and the whole is subjected to cementation treatment so as to surface harden the jaw while making the bridges fragile.

Abstract: A zig-zag picket graphite heater for use in high temperature furnaces of the type used for crystal growing, for example, utilizes a plurality of discrete graphite arcuate shell segments having vertically extending slots alternating from the upper and lower ends thereof. The edge pickets are adjacent slots which extend upwardly from the lower end of the segment and have extensions projecting below the other pickets so as to provide pads below the level of the slots. Graphite connectors span the adjacent pads of adjacent arcuate segments and certain of the connectors are also connected to electrical power supply terminals.

Abstract: A construction for a cab face for a vehicle or the like in which a plurality of separate plates are assembled in a pattern that provides a rectangular window aperture and which allows substantially any cab face width to be formed from proper selection of plate sizes which vary incrementally.

Abstract: An improved crankcase structure and manufacturing method for engine blocks and the like wherein the crankcase is initially cast or otherwise formed with bearing caps integral therewith. The caps are preferably secured by severable connecting portions unidirectionally longitudinally adjacent their associated bearing receiving portions in the transverse webs of the cylinder block. The complete crankcase is then machined and the bearing caps are separated for subsequent assembly to the crankcase in conventional fashion. The invention reduces the amount of tooling and machining time and equipment required for manufacturing crankcases for engine blocks and the like.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of making a segmented mirror, the mirror comprising, in combination(a) a myriad of surfaces carried by a support, certain of said surfaces dimensionally offset from one another in a common direction generally parallel to the general direction of incident radiation to reflected, said surfaces being radiation reflecting surfaces each oriented in such a way that as a group they collectively reflect radiation essentially as they were a continuous reflecting surface,(b) each of said surfaces having a periphery comprising an irregular or repeating series of line segments which are connected, curved or linear, the peripheries of said surfaces, when projected in said common offset direction onto a plane perpendicular thereto, contiguously conforming to one another,said method including providing a die, used for casting the mirror segmented surface and constructing the die from a casting of a continuous surface of the desired shaped by cutting said casting, or a casting thereof, into sm

Abstract: A sorter, constructed to be placed within any sized and shaped automotive glove compartment, is formed from a lattice like grid having fracturable elements for breaking the grid into each of a plurality of shelves, sides and dividers of predetermined size commensurate with the glove compartment and from a plurality of clips configured to engage and retain the shelves, sides and dividers in rigid relationship to one another.

Abstract: In the manufacture of a magnetic head, a magnetic layer is sputtered or evaporated on a surface of a first substrate of glass or nonmagnetic material and a nonmagnetic material such as glass is sputtered on one end face of the composite body formed by the substrate and the magnetic layer to form a gap filling layer. A second substrate of the same material and thickness as the first is bonded thereto with the magnetic gap filling being interposed therebetween. Magnetic material is sputtered or evaporated on the bonded substrates until a predetermined thickness is reached to form a second magnetic layer. The magnetic layers are then lapped to reveal an edge of the gap filling layer between adjacent edges of the two magnetic layers.Since the gap filling layer is formed by sputtering method, magnetic gap length can be precisely determined and since the thickness of the magnetic layers determines the track width, a magnetic head having a narrow width can be easily manufactured.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a split spur gear having adjacent external teeth with tooth roots therebetween and of mounting the spur gear onto a shaft having a first cylindrical portion including a seating surface for the spur gear with a given diameter and a second cylindrical portion adjacent the seating surface for operating the spur gear with a diameter smaller than the given diameter includes subdividing an entire gear body having a region intended for tooth roots into gear rings for forming at least one separating surface therein normal to the axis of the gear, subdividing each gear ring into at least two toothless ring segments by forming separating gaps therein offset relative to each other in the circumferential direction of the gear through the region intended for tooth roots, interconnecting the gear rings by locking connection elements in place parallel to the axis of the gear, shrinking the gear body onto an auxiliary mandrel, making external teeth on the gear body after the gear body has been shrun

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for forming an air gap pipe are provided. Inner and outer pipes are bent or deformed into comparable configurations such that the inner pipe can be mounted within the outer pipe. The outer pipe then is split longitudinally by a preprogrammed cutting apparatus. The cutting of the outer pipe terminates just short of the complete longitudinal length of the pipe to facilitate rematching later in the process. The cutter includes a follower to trace the actual configuration of the pipe and thereby to offset differences from one pipe to the next. An array of clamps are provided to align the outer pipe halves relative to one another and to facilitate the reattachment.

Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing a heat shield for an exhaust system component. The exhaust system component preferably is of tubular nonlinear configuration. The heat shield is formed from a larger pipe having an internal diameter greater than the outer diameter of the exhaust system component. Appropriately dimensioned inwardly directed supports are formed in the larger pipe. The larger pipe then is bent into a nonlinear configuration substantially identical to the configuration of the exhaust system component. The outer pipe then is cut longitudinally in half along its entire length to define a unitary nonlinear heat shield which can be mounted to the exhaust system component. A portion of the remaining half of the larger pipe can be reattached to the heat shield to provide an air gap pipe along a portion of the length of the exhaust system component.

Abstract: A four quadrant leadframe, base and window assembly and assembly method therefor are disclosed which are suited for fabrication of leaded integrated circuit (IC) chip carriers having electrical contacts on all four sides of the package, lead spacing as small as 0.020 inch, and lead counts exceeding 164 total leads.

Abstract: A wheel assembly includes a cam and a cam gear mounted on a camshaft of an internal combustion engine. The cam gear is constructed of a laminated stack of flat plate members which are disposed in abutting relationship to one another to form a plurality of axially spaced and radially extending interfaces. The cam gear is press fit onto the camshaft and the frictional forces between the gear and the camshaft provide the substantially sole force for maintaining the interfaces between the plate members in abutting relationship at their radially outer ends to form integral tooth members. The cam is also constructed of a laminated stack of flat plate members and press fit onto the camshaft in substantially the same manner as the gear to form an integral cam surface. The plates which form the cam are stamped from the plates that form the gear. A method of forming the wheel assembly is also disclosed.

Abstract: A cam follower shoe for a fuel injection pump is constructed to hold captive the roller of the cam follower. Two shoes are constructed at the same time from a single block of material which is bored to produce a bore and is then divided into two parts by a pair of cuts which extend axially crossing from one side of a diametral plane to the other, the plane being normal to the direction of movement of the shoe in use. At one end of each shoe the surface subtends an angle of less than 180.degree. but at the other end of the shoe when the cuts are straight, the surface subtends an angle of greater than 180.degree..

Abstract: A reel spring for a magnetic tape cassette is made of a resilient sheet metal into a diamond-like configuration in which a pair of portions which are asymmetrical with reference to two central axial line perpendicularly crossing and are symmetrical with reference to the crossing point are removed.

Abstract: A method of making a permanent magnet magic ring structure. An annular cyder made from a magnetically hard material is uniformly magnetized in a direction perpendicular to its major axis. The cylinder is cut into eight or sixteen or 32 or more segments. Various segments are interchanged with other segments to produce a magic ring which has an intense uniform magnetic field within a central working space.