Abstract: A transponder with an antenna module having a chip module and an antenna; a booster antenna having a first antenna structure in the form of a flat coil having a number of turns, an outer end and an inner end, and a second antenna structure in the form of a flat coil having a number of turns, an outer end and an inner end; the inner end of the second antenna structure connected with the outer end of the first antenna structure. The antenna module may be positioned so that its antenna overlaps one of the first antenna structure or the second antenna structure. An antenna module having two additional antenna structures is disclosed. Methods of enhancing coupling are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and methodology for providing an RFID device for integration into a tire. A printed circuit board (PCB) is provided with notches in opposed ends of the PCB that are provided with guide portions as a part of the notches that function as threads to guide an end portion of a matching single pitch helical antenna into appropriately placed vias on the PCB. Threading of the helical antenna is assisted by use of an assembly jig having antenna guiding channels and PCB retaining positioning elements.

Abstract: The invention relates to an integration device for integrating a cellular telephone in a vehicle, whereby the integration device comprises a receiving compartment, a coupler antenna for the cellular telephone network attached to the receiving compartment and electronics which can be connected to an external antenna. Here, the integration device comprises multiple coupler antennae connected to the electronics, whereby a communications connection is made via the cellular telephone network such that the electronics of the integration device for the active cellular telephone inserted in the receiving compartment, regardless of the type of the cellular telephone inserted and regardless of the position of the cellular telephone inserted in the receiving compartment, selects and uses for the communication that coupler antenna with the highest reception quality in the communication with the cellular telephone located in the receiving compartment.

Abstract: A method for producing an RFID transponder. An RFID chip is attached onto a conductive sheet. A portion of an antenna element is cut from the conductive sheet using a laser beam after the RFID chip has been attached to the conductive sheet.

Abstract: A module for an active antenna system for receiving and transmitting radio signals sealed in a housing. It comprises a power connector placed at the outside of the housing for supplying the module with supply power; at least one micro radio for receiving/sending digital radio signals having a digital down-converter/a digital up-converter and a control signal converter. The micro radio converts the digital radio signals to analogue RF (radio frequency) signals and vice versa and is connected to the internal bus. At least one antenna element is connected to the micro radio and an internal data bus for the exchange of digital radio data and control data is connected to micro radio and hub. By placing two or more modules next to each other on a frame these modules form an active antenna system.

Abstract: A remote-access device typically used for tagging items, a reader device for the same, system and methods of such devices. The remote-access device has an advanced capability that the device is able to signal by an advanced capability code. The device or the system may carry advanced capability data that can be used to utilize or enhance the advanced capability. The advanced capability data may be stored at the remote-access device, at the reader or in the system at a computer. The results of the advanced functionality may be logged onto a database or they may be stored back to the remote-access device. The advanced capability code, data and results may be stored onto the remote-access device in protected form, and the access key may be derived from identification information on the remote-access device.

Abstract: A temperature measurement system capable of operating in harsh environments including a temperature sensor having an antenna, diode, and dielectric layer disposed on the object of interest is provided, wherein the antenna includes a buried portion that extends through and is electrically coupled to the object of interest, and an exposed portion disposed upon an outer surface of the dielectric layer and the diode is coupled between the object of interest and the exposed portion of the antenna. The antenna is configured to receive interrogating signals from a transmitter, and to transmit response signals corresponding to the resonant frequency of the temperature sensor and its harmonics, which are indicative of the measured temperature of the object of interest. A receiver detects the response signals and correlates the frequency to a known temperature response of the dielectric material. Methods of making and using the temperature measurement system are also provided.

Abstract: A flexible Radio-Frequency IDentification (RFID) tag comprises a flexible substrate layer on which is fixed an antenna connected to a RFID chip, and a second flexible layer placed directly over the said chip and antenna but without any direct mechanical connection to them, such that the substrate layer and the second layer form a protective inlay for the chip and the antenna. The said inlay is embedded in a flexible housing.

Abstract: A Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag. The RFID tag comprises a flexible substrate and an integrated circuit embedded within the flexible substrate. The top surface of the integrated circuit is coplanar with the flexible substrate. At least one conductive element is formed on the flexible substrate. The conductive element is electrically connected to the integrated circuit. The conductive element serves as an antenna for the RFID tag.

Abstract: An energy conversion device may include a first antenna and a second antenna configured to generate an AC current responsive to incident radiation, at least one stripline, and a rectifier coupled with the at least one stripline along a length of the at least one stripline. An energy conversion device may also include an array of nanoantennas configured to generate an AC current in response to receiving incident radiation. Each nanoantenna of the array includes a pair of resonant elements, and a shared rectifier operably coupled to the pair of resonant elements, the shared rectifier configured to convert the AC current to a DC current. The energy conversion device may further include a bus structure operably coupled with the array of nanoantennas and configured to receive the DC current from the array of nanoantennas and transmit the DC current away from the array of nanoantennas.

Abstract: An improved implantable pulse generator (IPG) containing improved telemetry circuitry is disclosed. The IPG includes a telemetry coil within the conductive IPG case, not in the non-conductive header as is typical, which simplifies IPG design. The improved resonant circuit of which the coil is a part does not include a discrete tuning resistor with the coil, which tuning resistor was traditionally used to increase communication bandwidth of the coil to render it suitable for FSK telemetry. In lieu of the tuning resistor, the coil is intentionally inductively coupled to the case by positioning the coil a certain distance away from the case. Such coupling decreases the effective inductance and increases the effective series resistance in the improved resonant circuit, both of which increase the communication bandwidth. As such, suitable FSK telemetry can be achieved, even though the improved resonant circuit without the case would not on its own have suitable bandwidth.

Abstract: Electromagnetic wave structure modulation apparatus comprises an encoded device that has an electromagnetic wave-transparent material having a three-dimensional volume and electromagnetic wave-opaque walls, and a plurality of electromagnetic wave-opaque projections projecting into the electromagnetic wave-transparent material. The apparatus further comprises an interrogating device that has a transceiver operable to transmit an electromagnetic wave into the electromagnetic wave-transparent material, the electromagnetic wave being modulated and reflected by the electromagnetic wave-opaque walls and projections, an antenna operable to receive the reflected electromagnetic waves, and a decoder operable to decode the received reflected electromagnetic waves.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an implantable pulse generator for electrically stimulating a patient comprises: a metallic housing enclosing pulse generating circuitry; a header mechanically coupled to the metallic housing, the header adapted to seal terminals of one or more stimulation leads within the header and to provide electrical connections for the terminals; the header comprising an inner compliant component for holding a plurality of electrical connectors, the plurality of electrical connectors electrically coupled to the pulse generating circuitry through feedthrough conductors, wherein the plurality of electrical connectors are held in place in recesses within the compliant inner component, the header further comprising an outer shield component adapted to resist punctures, the outer shield component fitting over at least a portion of the inner compliant component.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a sheath type router, which comprises a sheath, a printed circuit board, a battery and at least one antenna. The sheath is foldable and sheathable to a mobile terminal device. The printed circuit board and battery are enclosed in the sheath and electrically coupled together, wherein the printed circuit board includes a central processing unit, a wireless module, a communication module, a subscriber identity module port, at least one input/output port and a power switch, and the central processing unit is electrically coupled to the wireless module, communication module, ports and power switch respectively. When the power switch is turned ON, the printed circuit board is able to receive electric power from the battery, and the mobile terminal device fixed onto the sheath can connect to the wireless module through the antenna as well as connecting to a corresponding network through the communication module.

Abstract: A mobile wireless communications device may include a portable housing, a substrate carried by the portable housing, and wireless communications circuitry carried by the substrate. The mobile wireless communications device may also include at least one an antenna assembly carried by the substrate and coupled to the wireless communications circuitry. The at least one antenna assembly may include an electrically conductive base conductor having a first rectangular base portion and a second rectangular base portion offset therefrom. The first and second base portions may be coupled at respective diagonally opposing corners thereof and having an antenna feed defined along an outer portion of one of the first and second rectangular base portions. The at least one antenna assembly may include at least one electrically conductive arm extending along at least one side of one of the first and second rectangular base portions and spaced apart therefrom.

Abstract: A high-speed machine and method for placing an RFID circuit onto an electrical component includes separating an RFID circuit from a web of RFID circuits, and placing the RFID circuit onto an electrical component with a placing device. The separating includes directing the RFID circuit onto a transfer drum of the placement device and separably coupling the RFID circuit to the transfer drum. According to one method, a separator device separates and directs chips or interposers onto a placement device. According to another method, chips or interposers are tested before being separated from a web, and if good, are separated from the web, directed onto a placement device, and placed on an electrical component. If defective, the chips or interposers are not directed onto a placement device and are removed by a scrap web removal device.

Abstract: Space- and cost-efficient antenna apparatus and methods of making and using the same. In one embodiment, the antenna is formed using a deposition process, whereby a conductive fluid or other material is deposited directly on one or more interior components of a host device (e.g., cellular phone or tablet computer). The antenna can be formed in a substantially three-dimensional “loop” shape, and obviates several costly and environmentally unfriendly processing steps and materials associated with prior art antenna manufacturing approaches.

Abstract: A method for application of a chip module to an antenna module includes supplying a plurality of chip modules arranged in a row arrangement on a sheet carrier. Separating chip modules from the row arrangement and transferring the separated chip modules to a application device. The chip module separated from the row arrangement are subsequently positioned on the antenna substrate by the application device and contacting of the antenna contact surfaces of the chip module with the contact surfaces of the antenna is performed. The invention further relates to a device for the application of a chip module to an antenna module.

Abstract: A portable electronic device is provided that has a hybrid antenna. The hybrid antenna may include a slot antenna structure and an inverted-F antenna structure. The slot antenna portion of the hybrid antenna may be used to provide antenna coverage in a first communications band and the inverted-F antenna portion of the hybrid antenna may be used to provide antenna coverage in a second communications band. The second communications band need not be harmonically related to the first communications band. The electronic device may be formed from two portions. One portion may contain conductive structures that define the shape of the antenna slot. One or more dielectric-filled gaps in the slot may be bridged using conductive structures on another portion of the electronic device. A conductive trim member may be inserted into an antenna slot to trim the resonant frequency of the slot antenna portion of the hybrid antenna.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for an electronic assembly. The electronic assembly has a first object created and separated from a host substrate. The first object has a first electrical circuitry therein. A carrier substrate is coupled to the first object wherein the first object is being recessed below a surface of the carrier substrate. The carrier substrate further includes a first carrier connection pad and a second carrier connection pad that interconnect with the first object using metal connectors. A receiving substrate, which is substantially planar, including a second electrical circuitry, a first receiving connection pad, and a second receiving connection pad that interconnect with the second electrical circuitry using the metal connectors. The carrier substrate is coupled to the receiving substrate using the connection pads mentioned.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein are directed towards a radar altimeter for mounting onto an aircraft. The radar altimeter includes a base configured to mount to an external surface of an aircraft, the base having an inner portion and a flange disposed around the inner portion, wherein the inner portion has a generally rectangular geometry defining a long dimension and a short dimension. A chassis is mounted to the base and has a planar portion that is disposed perpendicular to a plane formed by the base. A plurality of circuit boards are mounted to the planar portion of the chassis and disposed parallel to the planar portion of the chassis. The base is configured to mount over a second aperture in the external surface of the aircraft such that the chassis and the plurality of circuit boards are placed through the aperture and are disposed inside of the aircraft.

Abstract: A circuit board panel includes a plurality of circuit boards (PCB). One or more antenna boards (615) are formed in spare areas about the plurality of circuit boards (PCB). Antenna boards may also be coupled to circuitry on the circuit boards in a detachable manner.

Abstract: An electronic device includes an adjustable filter with a first filter element, and a second filter element coupled to the first filter element. The second filter element includes a field effect transistor (FET) including a source terminal, a drain terminal, and a gate terminal. The source terminal and the gate terminal are coupled to a reference voltage. A control circuit is coupled to the drain terminal and is configured to apply a control voltage thereto to vary a capacitance between the source and drain terminals to adjust the adjustable filter.

Abstract: A phased antenna array includes a plurality of electro-optic (EO) circuits. Each EO circuit has a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) configured to receive a baseband signal, and an optical source comprising an opto-electronic oscillator configured to generate an optical signal. Each EO circuit also has an EO modulator coupled downstream of the DAC and to the optical source and configured to modulate an optical carrier signal based upon the baseband signal and the optical signal, and an optical combiner coupled downstream of the EO modulator and coupled to the optical source. In addition, there are a plurality of antenna circuits spaced apart from the plurality of EO circuits, each antenna circuit comprising at least one photodiode and an antenna element coupled thereto. Moreover, a plurality of optical fibers couple the plurality of EO circuits to the plurality of antenna circuits.

Abstract: A technology clip and method for supplementing a security tag with the technology clip for application to a product. The technology clip includes a technology element providing for an additional security and/or an identification feature when coupled to a tag, thus enhancing features of the security tag. The technology clip attaches about the tag and remains secured to the tag for when the tag is affixed to merchandise.

Abstract: A mobile wireless communications device may include a portable housing and a printed circuit board carried by the portable housing. The mobile wireless communications device may also include a rigid mechanical stiffener carried by the portable housing and may include an electrically conductive material. The rigid mechanical stiffener may have a slot therein adjacent an end thereof to define a slot antenna. Wireless transceiver circuitry may be carried by the PCB and coupled to the slot antenna. In some embodiments, the slot antenna may be cooperate with another antenna carried by the portable housing.

Abstract: A mobile wireless communications device may include a housing, a wireless transceiver carried by the housing, and a multiple-band antenna carried by the housing and coupled to the wireless transceiver. The multiple-band antenna may include a first radiator comprising a radiator element and a parasitic element adjacent to the radiator element. The parasitic element may be selectively switchable between floating and grounded states. The multiple-band antenna may include a second radiator insulated from the first radiator.

Abstract: A method to produce a rod tag and tag produced according to the method, wherein the method comprises at least the steps of: providing a magnetic core having a cylindrical shape and two end, winding a wire around said core to form an antenna, positioning in longitudinal extension a chip at one of the ends of said rod where the wound wire ends terminates, bonding said wire ends to contacts of said chip, displacing said bonded chip at least partially on said end of said rod, introducing said core with said wire and said chip in an encapsulating means containing a stabilizing material, whereby the chip is further positioned on said end by the friction between said chip and said material during introduction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a radar apparatus. More particularly, the present invention relates to a radar apparatus having a configuration which is reduced in the number of parts and size, and a method of assembling the same.

Abstract: A communication device that, when incorporated in an electronic device, can reduce the size and the thickness of a housing of the electronic device while maintaining communication characteristics. The communication device includes an antenna coil that is arranged on a peripheral part of a housing surface facing a reader-writer of a mobile phone, a magnetic sheet that attracts the magnetic filed transmitted from the reader-writer to the antenna coil, and a communication processing unit that is driven by a current flowing through the antenna coil and communicates with the reader-writer. The magnetic sheet is arranged to be closer to reader-writer than the antenna coil in the central part, and the antenna coil is arranged to be closer to the reader-writer on the outer periphery side, and at least a part of the conductive line of the antenna coil is superimposed in a direction orthogonal to a circuit board.

Abstract: A mobile wireless communications device may include a housing, and circuitry carried by the housing. The circuitry may include a wireless transceiver, a wireless broadcast receiver, audio circuitry coupled to the wireless transceiver and the wireless broadcast receiver, a wired headset jack, and a reference voltage device line, and at least one wired headset device line coupled between the audio circuitry and the wired headset jack. The reference voltage device line may be also coupled to the wireless broadcast receiver so that a corresponding reference voltage headset line of a wired headset serves as an antenna for the wireless broadcast receiver. The reference voltage line may be switchable to one or more connectors at the headset jack.

Abstract: A mobile wireless communications device may include a housing, a wireless transceiver carried by the housing, a processor carried by the housing and coupled to the wireless transceiver, and an NFC IC carried by the housing and coupled to the processor. The mobile wireless communications device may also include an NFC antenna carried by the housing, and a coupling circuit between the NFC IC and the NFC antenna. The coupling circuit may include a capacitive network including capacitors coupled in series with each other and in parallel with the NFC antenna, a transmit branch coupled between the NFC IC and a first node between a first pair of capacitors, and a receive branch coupled between the NFC IC and the first node between the first pair of capacitors.

Abstract: A textile arrangement that includes at least one flexible circuit board integrated with a textile and a fixedly-integrated electronic component in the flexible circuit board. The flexible circuit board includes a flexible and/or tensile substrate, which is configured to bend and/or stretch at least in one direction. In addition, the flexible circuit board includes at least one electrically-conducting trace, at least one end of the trace being coupled with the component. The electrically-conducting trace is configured to bend and/or stretch with the flexible and/or tensile substrate of the circuit board at least in said one direction, when the circuit board is bent and/or stretched.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for selectively attaching sensor(s) or antenna(s) to a mobile device at a convenient location are provided. The mobile device includes a body and a processing unit housed within the body for running an application, where the body includes a forward end and a rearward end that supports engagement with a charging dock. In addition, the rearward end accepts engagement of a snap-on module that physically assembles to and electronically interfaces with the mobile device. The antennas or sensors are externally mounted to the mobile device at a location proximate to the forward end of the body. Further, these antennas or sensors are interconnected to the snap-on module using media-routing conduit(s) that are configured to carry signals from the antennas or sensors to the snap-on module for distribution as an input to the application running on the processing unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for making a device comprising a transponder antenna, wherein the method comprises the steps of: making an assembly including a thin substrate carrying at least one antenna, the antenna having connection end portions bearing on the substrate at substrates locations. The substrate forms or includes a sheet- or strip-like adhesive body in contact with the antenna. The invention also relates to the resulting device.

Abstract: A system to remove heat from a heat-generating electronic component within a computer chassis and to contain electromagnetic radiation from traversing high-throughput vents in a bezel that forms a portion of the chassis containment structure comprises a heat sink having a fin structure with an inlet face, an outlet face and interconnected air channels therethrough, a base to engage the component and to transfer heat from the component to the fin structure, wherein the inlet face of the fin structure is disposed proximate the vents to block electromagnetic radiation from traversing the vents. In one embodiment, a heat pipe or a spreader bar moves heat from a base engaging a component distal from the bezel to the fin structure having an air inlet face proximal to the vents.

Abstract: An antenna module having a side-edge balance-to-unbalance (BALUN). The antenna module may include a flexible substrate with one or more layers that may be configured to receive one first and second conductive patterns, the substrate may have opposed first and second ends which may define a longitudinal length and/or opposed side edges situated between the first and second ends. The first conductive pattern may form an antenna loop situated adjacent to the first end of the flexible substrate and be suitable for transmitting or receiving signals at one or more frequencies. The second conductive pattern may form at least part of the BALUN and may include one or more of a center portion, side portions which may extend from the center portion at opposite sides of the center portion, and electrically neutral slots situated between a corresponding side portion and the center portion.

Abstract: An antenna device includes a housing having a plurality of printed circuit board (PCB) panels connected together with folded joints therebetween to define a polyhedral shape having a first open end. Each of the PCB panels includes a dielectric substrate and an electrically conductive layer thereon inside of the housing. Wireless communication circuitry is mounted on at least one of the plurality of PCB panels outside the housing, and an antenna feed is connected to the wireless communication circuitry adjacent a second end opposite the first open end of the housing.

Abstract: An RFID chip (CM) is flip-chip mounted and connected to a surface of a substrate (MT), such as for a 6-pad ISO smart card antenna module (AM). A winding core (WC) for an antenna (MA) stiffens, stabilizes and planarizes substrate (MT) to enhance reliability of the connections. The flip-chip antenna module (FCAM) interfaces with a contactless reader. Contact pads (CP) on the opposite side of the substrate (MT) provide a contact interface. Also disclosed is first forming an antenna (MA) on an antenna substrate (AS), then joining it to the module substrate (MT). Such an antenna may be an embedded wire, or an etched metal layer.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure describe techniques and configurations for an enclosure that can be used for channel isolation in a multi-channel modulator driver such as, for example, an optical modulator driver. A system may include a substrate, a multi-channel modulator driver mounted on the substrate, and an enclosure mounted on the substrate to cover the multi-channel modulator driver, the enclosure having a wall that is disposed between first components of the multi-channel modulator driver associated with a first channel and second components of the multi-channel modulator driver associated with a second channel, the wall being composed of an electrically conductive material. Other embodiments may also be described and/or claimed.

Abstract: A flexible printed circuit includes 2 insulating flexible layers, and 3 conductive layers each including electrical tracks, the conductive and the insulating layers are provided stacked in alternated fashion. Electrical tracks of 3 conductive layers are electrically connected together through respective layers of insulating substrate to form an RFID antenna.

Abstract: An approximately planar antenna assembly can be formed or used, such as comprising a printed circuit board assembly. In an example, the approximately planar antenna assembly can include a dielectric material and a conductive loop comprising an outer loop portion having a first conic section an inner loop portion having a second conic section located within a footprint of the first conic section. The planar antenna assembly can be configured to support wireless transfer of information in at least two ranges of operating frequencies, such as two or more respective ranges used for cellular communications.

Abstract: A temperature measurement system capable of operating in harsh environments including a temperature sensor having an antenna, diode, and dielectric layer disposed on the object of interest is provided, wherein the antenna includes a buried portion that extends through and is electrically coupled to the object of interest, and an exposed portion disposed upon an outer surface of the dielectric layer and the diode is coupled between the object of interest and the exposed portion of the antenna. The antenna is configured to receive interrogating signals from a transmitter, and to transmit response signals corresponding to the resonant frequency of the temperature sensor and its harmonics, which are indicative of the measured temperature of the object of interest. A receiver detects the response signals and correlates the frequency to a known temperature response of the dielectric material. Methods of making and using the temperature measurement system are also provided.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed toward a novel printed antenna that provides a low-loss transition into waveguide. The antenna is integrated with a heat spreader and the interconnection between the antenna and the output device (such as a power amplifier) is a simple conductive connection, such as (but not limited to), a wirebond. Integrating the antenna with the heat spreader in accordance with the concepts, circuits, and techniques described herein drastically shortens the distance from the output device to the waveguide, thus reducing losses and increasing bandwidth. The transition and technique described herein may be easily scaled for both higher and lower frequencies. Embodiments of the present apparatus also eliminate the complexity of the prior art circuit boards and transitions and enable the use of a wider range of substrates while greatly simplifying assembly.

Abstract: A dual-interface smart card having a booster antenna with coupler coil in its card body, and a metallized face plate having a window opening for the antenna module. Performance may be improved by one or more of making the window opening substantially larger than the antenna module, providing perforations through the face plate, disposing ferrite material between the face plate and the booster antenna. Additionally, by one or more of modifying contact pads on the antenna module, disposing a compensating loop under the booster antenna, offsetting the antenna module with respect to the coupler coil, arranging the booster antenna as a quasi-dipole, providing the module antenna with capacitive stubs, and disposing a ferrite element in the antenna module between the module antenna and the contact pads.

Abstract: A sensor for measuring electromagnetic power in a dielectric waveguide structure includes an antenna element for detecting heating caused by electromagnetic power absorbed into the antenna element. A membrane forming at least partially a thermally insulating layer is implemented on a surface of the dielectric waveguide structure being a substrate for the sensor. The antenna element is implemented on a surface of the membrane and the antenna element is at least partially thermally insulated with a cavity from the substrate. A method for fabricating the sensor is also described.

Abstract: Some embodiments include a dipolar antenna system to electrically power an implantable miniature device and/or to stimulate bioelectrically excitable tissue. Other related systems and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing an antenna which is minimized and used in a low frequency band. The method includes forming and preparing a radiator for an antenna, mounting the radiator inside a dam molding part including an upper dam molding part and a lower dam molding part, injecting a molding material into the dam molding part through an inlet provided at one side of the dam molding part, the molding material including a composite material with a controlled diameter and content, hardening the injected molding material, and separating the hardened molding material covering the radiator from the dam molding part. Accordingly, a miniaturized antenna can be provided, which can achieve a high integration density, prevent deformation of the radiator caused by external pressure generated in processes, and be used in a low frequency band by covering the radiator with a molding material having a high permittivity and a low-loss characteristic.

Abstract: Compound antennas are disclosed, as are aircraft comprising compound antennas and methods to use compound antennas. In one embodiment, a compound antenna comprises a ground plane, a helix antenna element comprising a first dielectric core having a first end and a second end and coupled to the ground plane at the first end, the helix antenna element exhibiting a normal mode polarization pattern, and a conical spiral antenna element disposed proximate the helix antenna element, the conical spiral antenna element exhibiting an axial mode polarization pattern, wherein both the normal-mode and the axial mode patterns are circular polarization patterns and have the same sense. Other embodiments may be described.

Abstract: A method which relates to fabricating a dielectric waveguide (WG) on a PCB for RF communication between ICs on the PCB. The WG can replace a baseband copper bus and resulting in the PCB being smaller and/or cheaper. The WG may be printed, stamped, cut or prefabricated onto the PCB.