Abstract: A hydraulic circuit system and method for storing and converting hydraulic or mechanical energy to electricity wherein the hydraulic circuit system comprises: a power source for generating energy to produce electricity, a hydraulic power unit operably associated with the power source, one or more hydropneumatic accumulators operably associated with the hydraulic power unit, a hydraulic motor operably associated with the accumulators, a flywheel assembly operably associated with the hydraulic motor, a hydrostatic drive unit operably associated with the flywheel assembly, and a generator assembly operably associated with the hydrostatic drive unit wherein the generator assembly is further associated with the hydraulic power unit.

Abstract: A process for generation of electricity by means of electromagnetic induction, through a liquid-borne medium bearing magnetic material in powdered form. The present invention illustrating this process is comprised of bottom (b) and top (a) hollow hemispheres (one inch wall thickness), enclosing a coil-core assembly (FIG. 2) of metal and coiled wire, mounted on two equidistant notches (c) on the bottom hemisphere. Paraffin and powdered magnetite are solidified into place and the hemispheres mated with glue. The coil-core assembly is created from wire (h) wound on a manufactured metal piece (e) and fed through “tunnel holes” (f,g) drilled into the metal piece and leading outside the ends of the metal piece (h), out of the container housing. Wires from the coil-core assembly extrude and convey electricity, which is induced by a moving magnetic field formed by the boiling medium of magnetic material, when the invention is placed in an area of heat above approximately 360 degrees F.

Abstract: A magneto hydrodynamic apparatus and method for generating electrical power comprising: magnetic field generating elements (12, 13;22, 23; 31; 44; 54) for generating a magnetic field (B) within a flowing, conductive fluid like sea water, which magnetic field generating elements have a construction enclosing a construction volume; electrode elements (11, 14, 24; 21, 24, 25; 41; 54) to supply electrical power caused by said flowing, conductive fluid in the magnetic field, wherein the magnetic field generating elements are arranged to produce a substantial portion of the generated magnetic field outside the construction volume.

Abstract: A combined heat and electricity generating unit is suitable for use in class 8 trucks and the like. When it is operating it provides heat for keeping the engine and cabin warm and electricity for use by the electricity consuming devices in the cabin. It is a closed cycle system that includes a radial inlet turbine driven by a low pressure vaporized and superheated working fluid, an oil fired heater for vaporizing the working fluid, a pump for pumping condensed working fluid, a heat exchanger for heating engine coolant with heat from the condensing working fluid and an electric generator for converting energy produced by the turbine to electricity.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to amplify the magnetic field in an electromagnetic circuit is provided. Amplification factors of several orders of magnitude may be obtained. The system is applicable to a number of different systems, including melt levitation and electromagnetic pumping and propulsion. One embodiment of the invention uses a non-conducting permeable core wound around a dielectric core. An alternating voltage source is connected to a solenoid which is wound around a section of the permeable core. The permeable core has a gap within which a flux concentrating cold crucible is provided. Melt levitation processing takes place within the cold crucible.

Abstract: A fluid conduit for flowing electrically conductive fluids includes an elrically conductive pipe, an electrically conductive rod extending axially through the pipe and centrally thereof, a first power source in electrical communication with the pipe and rod, a solenoidal electromagnet disposed around the pipe and a second power source in electrical communication with the electromagnet. Activation of the first and second power sources creates an electric and a magnetic field, respectively, within the pipe which interact and result in a circumferential force in the flow with consequent reduction in wall friction in the pipe.

Abstract: A plasma stream generator with a closed-configuration arc for achieving a stream comprising a central area at a uniform or very low temperature. The generator comprises a higher or even much higher number of electrode pairs than is usual, whereby rows may be formed and, in particular, an elongate stream, i.e. a curtain, may be achieved. The orientation problems resulting from the closeness of the jets and the increased attraction/repulsion therebetween are solved by means of magnetic devices (coils) of which there are generally three for a pair of electrode chambers.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are disclosed which enable conversion of geothermal energy into electrical energy using the principles of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). A hot, electrically conductive fluid produced from a geothermal resource either naturally or by artificial means, is passed under pressure through a suitable nozzle designed to increase the kinetic energy of the fluid, and then into a MHD duct where a portion of the kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy and extracted.

Abstract: An MHD generator system is provided to perform efficient MHD generation by efficiently converting heat enargy into kinetic energy of an electricity conducting liquid or liquid metal. Thermal flow flux is controlled by providing heat pipes having the functions of thermal switches between a high temperature heat source and an MHD generator, and between a low temperature heat source and the MHD generator, and by turning on and off the thermal switches, thereby causing the fluid in the MHD generator expand and contract. Electricity is generated by the movement of the electricity conducting liquid or liquid metal in the MHD gerator.

Abstract: A method for integrating liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic power generation with fusion blanket technology to produce electrical power from a thermonuclear fusion reactor located within a confining magnetic field and within a toroidal structure. A hot liquid metal flows from a liquid metal blanket region into a pump duct of an electromagnetic pump which moves the liquid metal to a mixer where a gas of predetermined pressure is mixed with the pressurized liquid metal to form a Froth mixture. Electrical power is generated by flowing the Froth mixture between electrodes in a generator duct. When the Froth mixture exits the generator the gas is separated from the liquid metal and both are recycled.

Abstract: Flat, insulated, metallic strips ("applicators"), are fixed to the wider sides of each permanent magnet assembly in the channel array of a Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Vacuum Pump. Electromagnetic power from an external rf/microwave generator is delivered by an appropriate transmission line to each pair of applicators, providing an rf/microwave electric field, generally parallel to the magnetic field of the magnets, across each channel in the array. As the plasma ions and electrons formed by the rf/microwave field lose energy by collisions with the channel surfaces and by collisions with neutral molecules in the channel, the microwave electric field reheats the plasma throughout its passage through the length of the channel array, increasing plasma density and enabling the use of much longer channels, thus increasing the throughput and compression ratio in the MHD Vacuum Pump.

Abstract: A liquid-sealed vane oscillator includes a housing defining a cavity corresponding to part of a virtual annulus centered around, and extending at least 180.degree. about, an axis of rotation and delimited by first and second ends. A vane is mounted rotatably within the cavity. The vane includes a first seal and a second seal carried with the vane and deployed so as to subdivide the cavity into a first chamber of variable volume between the first end and the first seal, a second chamber of variable volume between the second end and the second seal, and an intermediate volume between the first seal and the second seal. At least one port is provided in fluid communication with each of the first and second chambers. The oscillator also has an axial shaft, penetrating and extending from the cavity, which is mechanically coupled to the vane so as to allow exchange of mechanical power with an external device.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for casting a conductor of a cage rotor of an induction motor. A rotor core (13) comprising a laminated steel sheets is housed in a recess portion of a casting mold, an upper end portion thereof is held by a holding portion (70) and molten metal is supplied into a plurality of slots formed in the rotor core, thereby forming a plurality of conductor rods and a pair of end rings connecting the ends of the conductor rods with one another. The holding portion (70) comprises a cup (72) and a cylinder (73), and an axial dimension of the cup (72) is selected in correspondence to an axial dimension of the rotor core (13) housed in the recess portion of the casting mold. Further, by using a double cylinder (77, 79) in the holding portion (70), a rotor having higher quality can be obtained. For this reason, the same conductor casting apparatus can be used for casting the conductor of the rotor having different axial lengths and qualities depending on specifications.

Abstract: A single channel double-duct liquid metal electrical generator using a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) device. The single channel device provides useful output AC electric energy. The generator includes a two-cylinder linear-piston engine which drives liquid metal in a single channel looped around one side of the MHD device to form a double-duct contra-flowing liquid metal MHD generator. A flow conduit network and drive mechanism are provided for moving liquid metal with an oscillating flow through a static magnetic field to produce useful AC electric energy at practical voltages and currents. Variable stroke is obtained by controlling the quantity of liquid metal in the channel. High efficiency is obtained over a wide range of frequency and power output.

Abstract: Magnetic fluid is inserted between slip rings of a rotor and brushes of a stator. The magnetic fluid is held by magnetic force generated by permanent magnets and yokes mounted on the stator, so as to be sidable relative to the slip rings. In this state, in accordance with rotation of the rotor, the brushes and the slip rings are rotated without direct contact with each other via the magnetic fluid. Thus, the brushes and the slip rings are electrically connected to each other.

Abstract: The linear motor pump for a wave soldering apparatus comprises in accordance with the invention several pumping channels arranged substantially parallel to each other and separate from each other. It includes preferably a multiply segmented stator. Each stator segment has one pumping channel allocated to same. By means of this a homogeneous pumping performance i.e. homogeneous pumping pressure distribution over a practically arbitrary width is achieved, which leads to a homogeneous solder wave. By the arrangement of the pumping channels and the design of the stator in accordance with the invention a turbulent whirling of the solder is made practically impossible.

Abstract: A electromagnetic machine is provided. The machine has a rigid elongated hollow shell, open at both ends, which is bigger at its midsection than at either end. The shell is wrapped with a wire which is connected to a power source so that the device can be energized. A pliable elongated pouch is at least partially within the shell and the two ends of the pouch protrude from the open ends of the shell. Magnetizable particles are contained within the pouch. When current is flowed through the wire, the particles are attracted radially outward at the biggest section of the shell. As the particles move they deform the pouch and the two ends of the pouch are brought closer together. Work can be performed by attaching objects to the two ends of the pouch.

Abstract: A bubble capture electrode configuration for an MHD system includes a body ortion which forms a main channel and holds an electrically conductive fluid adapted to have a first flow direction. The system includes at least two electrodes wherein one is a cathode and the other is an anode. The electrodes are adjacent the body portion and are adapted to transmit an electric current therebetween and through the fluid. An electrolysis reaction is produced adjacent at least one electrode, forming gas bubbles. The system also includes magnetic poles for forming a magnetic field, wherein the magnetic field passes through the fluid substantially transverse to the electric current. Accordingly, a force is created for moving the fluid through the main channel.

Abstract: An MHD apparatus includes a solenoid coil that is symmetrically positioned about a central axis aperture. Upon energization, the coil produces an intense magnetic field along the central axis and within the aperture. A first cylinder having a first diameter is positioned in the aperture and a second cylinder which exhibits a second diameter that is less than the first diameter is positioned within the first cylinder. A helical web insulator is positioned between the first cylinder and the second cylinder and provides a helical fluid flow channel between first and second ends of the cylinders. A DC power supply is connected between the first and second cylinders, which produces a current flow that interacts with the magnetic field to exert an MHD propulsive force on seawater within the fluid flow channel. In this mode of operation, the apparatus pumps the saltwater or provides a thrust.

Abstract: A support structure for clamping the inner coils and inner lamination rings of an inner stator column of an electromagnetic induction pump to prevent damaging vibration. A spine assembly, including a base plate, a center post and a plurality of ribs, serves as the structural frame for the inner stator. Stacked alignment rings provide structure to the lamination rings and locate them concentrically around the spine assembly central axis. The alignment rings are made of a material having a high thermal expansion coefficient to compensate for the lower expansion of the lamination rings and, overall, provide an approximate match to the expansion of the inner flow duct. The net result is that the radial clamping provided by the duct around the stator iron is maintained (approximately) over a range of temperatures and operating conditions.

Abstract: Two-phase LMMHD energy conversion systems have potentially significant advantages over conventional systems such as higher thermal efficiency and substantial simplicity with lower capital and maintenance costs. Maintenance of low velocity slip is of importance for achieving high generator efficiency. A bubbly flow pattern ensures very low velocity slip. The full governing equations have been written out, and a computer prediction code has been developed to analyze performance of a two-phase flow LMMHD generator and nozzle under conditions of no slip. Three different shapes of an LMMHD generator have been investigated. Electrical power outputs are in the 20 kW range. Generator efficiency exceeds 71 percent at an average void fraction of about 70 percent. This is an appreciable performance for a short generator without insulating vanes for minimizing electrical losses in the end regions.

Abstract: An internal combustion, liquid metal (LM) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) engine and an alternating current (AC) magnetohydrodynamic generator, are used in combination to provide useful AC electric energy output. The engine design has four pistons and a double duct configuration, with each duct containing sodium potassium liquid metal confined between free pistons located at either end of the duct. The liquid metal is forced to flow back and forth in the duct by the movement of the pistons, which are alternatively driven by an internal combustion process. In the MHD generator, the two LM-MHD ducts pass in close proximity through a Hartmann duct with output transformer. AC power is produced by operating the engine with the liquid metal in the two generator ducts always flowing in counter directions. The amount of liquid metal maintained in the ducts may be varied. This provides a variable stroke length for the pistons.

Abstract: A magnetohydrodynamic electric generator is disclosed, which is so devised that the coherent light generated in it by electrical stimulation, heat induction and/or gas expansion is collected and focused towards the gas plasma moving between the magnets and the electricity-collecting plates. In this generator, the composition of the laser gas mixture is also controlled and adjusted to compensate for the unavoidable loss occurring in operation, when some of the gas molecules, especially CO.sub.2, are dissociated.

Abstract: Two-phase LMMHD energy conversion systems have potentially significant advantages over conventional systems such as higher thermal efficiency and substantial simplicity with lower capital and maintenance costs. Maintenance of low velocity slip is of importance for achieving high generator efficiency. A bubbly flow pattern ensures very low velocity slip. The full governing equations have been written out, and a computer prediction code has been developed to analyze performance of a two-phase flow LMMHD generator and nozzle under conditions of no slip. Three different shapes of an LMMHD generator have been investigated. Electrical power outputs are in the 20 kW range. Generator efficiency exceeds 71 percent at an average void fraction of about 70 percent. This is an appreciable performance for a short generator without insulating vanes for minimizing electrical losses in the end regions.

Abstract: An internal combustion, liquid metal (LM) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) engine and an alternating current (AC) magnetohydrodynamic generator, are used in combination to provide useful AC electric energy output. The engine design has-four pistons and a double duct configuration, with each duct containing sodium potassium liquid metal confined between free pistons located at either end of the duct. The liquid metal is forced to flow back and forth in the duct by the movement of the pistons, which are alternatively driven by an internal combustion process. In the MHD generator, the two LM-MHD ducts pass in close proximity through a Hartmann duct with output transformer. AC power is produced by operating the engine with the liquid metal in the two generator ducts always flowing in counter directions. The amount of liquid metal maintained in the ducts may be varied. This provides a variable stroke length for the pistons.

Abstract: Angular motion sensor for sensing angular velocity components at higher frequencies. A first lower case member open at the top thereof supports a magnet therein for establishing a magnetic field oriented parallel to a central axis of the lower case. An insulating surface covers the magnet and a conductive liquid is disposed in a channel defined by the insulating surface and the lower case sidewalls. An upper case having an insulated inner surface including a sidewall structure complementary to the lower case sidewall structure forms a lid for the channel and is insulated from the lower case. The upper case is insulated from the conductive liquid, except at a hole in the insulation lying along a central axis of the lower case and upper case. Relative motion between the liquid mass and upper and lower case structures generates a voltage potential between the upper and lower cases, representing the relative velocity.

Abstract: A stator core for an electromagnetic pump includes a plurality of circumferentially abutting tapered laminations extending radially outwardly from a centerline axis to collectively define a radially inner bore and a radially outer circumference. Each of the laminations includes radially inner and outer edges and has a thickness increasing from the inner edge toward the outer edge to provide a substantially continuous path adjacent the circumference.

Abstract: The electromagnetic machine (1) includes a tubular duct (3 ) intended to receive a conducting material which can circulate in the duct (3) around the core (4) and an inductor (2) arranged coaxially around the duct (3). The inductor (2) includes a magnetic circuit (15) formed by laminated sheet metal combs (18) and windings (14 ) arranged in annular notches (5 ) made in the magnetic circuit (15). The notches (5) are separated from each other by teeth. The teeth of the inductor have lengths in the axial direction which are smaller in the central part of the inductor (2) than in the end parts. The notches (5) are less deep at the ends than in the central part and enclose windings having a smaller number of turns. The windings (14) are each connected to one phase of a polyphase current source.

Abstract: A propulsion system has a substantially tubular housing having an axis, an element generating an electric current, an element generating a magnetic field substantially perpendicular to the electric current, an element forming a duct extending around the axis and arranged so that by interaction of the magnetic field and the electric current a force in a liquid accommodated in the duct is produced and the liquid is moved in the duct around the axis, and at least one insert located in the duct and fixedly connected to a part so that when the liquid is moved it applies a thrust against the insert in a direction around the axis so as to turn the insert and therefore the part around the axis to produce a rotary force which rotates the part around the axis.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for the propulsion of water vehicles. A magnet field as well as an electric field with essentially perpendicular field lines are produced in a pipe through which surrounding water flows. In this manner, a force is exercised upon charge carriers within the surrounding water and this force is used as a propulsion force for the water vehicle. The pipe is surrounded by a solenoid coil which is arranged essentially coaxially to the pipe. A first electrode is arranged essentially along the axis of the pipe and a voltage source is switched between the electrode and the pipe, acting as a second electrode. An Archimedes' screw is arranged in the cylindrical gap between the electrode and the pipe in order to deflect the surrounding water circulating about the axis into an axial direction, or the screw is rotationally rigidly connected to a moving conductor arranged perpendicularly to the direction of the magnet field.

Abstract: An electromagnetic pumping assembly (10) for liquid metal is made, which contains an immersible pump section (16) where electromagnetic windings (22) are disposed in the pump section, and an eddy current blocking structure (25) is disposed within the electromagnetic winding (22), providing liquid flow orifices unoccupied by the structure between the eddy current blocking structure and the winding, where there is at least one axial bore (27) through the eddy current blocking structure (25).

Abstract: An electric generator using imploding plasma dynamics for generating electric energy from fuel energy, which includes a substantially cylindrical vortex chamber bounded by a cylindrical chamber wall having an axis, an inward curved fuel inlet end wall, and an opposite inward curved exhaust end wall; a shroud surrounding the vortex chamber forming an air space between the chamber wall and the shroud; at least one air inlet entering the air space at an angle tangential to the air space; air compressor means fluidly communicating with the air inlet for injecting air into the air space; fuel-air mixture injection means disposed in the fuel inlet end wall; a mixing chamber in the fuel-air mixture injection means for mixing fuel with the air fluidly communicatng with the air space; a plasma expansion cone having an inlet fluidly communicating with the mixing chamber for receiving fuel-air mixture from the mixing chamber; ignition means in the plasma expansion cone for igniting the fuel-air mixture, and forming at l

Abstract: A magnetohydrodynamic engine comprises an inlet means having a propeller for compressing combustion products, a combustion chamber and a magnetohydrodynamic generator of electro current. A combustion chamber comprises inlet means for introducing a fuel mixture and an oxidizer respectively. A combustion chamber also comprises the magnetohydrodynamic drive of combustion products. A combustion chamber is adapted to produce the high pressure combustion products having an ionic media. A magnetohydrodynamic generator of electro current is adapted to generate an electro current by electro-magnetic induction in result of passing combustion products across the magnetic field. A magnetohydrodynamic engine is adapted for powering an automobile having the electrodrive, to propel marine vessels and to generate an electro-current as stationary power plant.

Abstract: The entropic echinoid 2 applies force to an object 6 with the cummulative effect of myriad feet 8 activated by fluid expansion pulses from electrical resistance heaters 30. Each heater lying in a fluid filed socket 10 of a substrate 4 and activated by a signal from a corresponding foot position sensing capacitor 26. The entropic echinoid is useful in high temperature environments for motors, actuators, bearings and clutches.

Abstract: A thrust generator including a superconducting solenoid magnet 1, a thrust duct 2 and a power supply device 3. The spiral portion of the thrust duct 2 is inserted in the hollow interior of the superconducting solenoid magnet 1. Anode 8 and cathode 9 are fixed at both inner walls of the thrust duct 2. Electric power is supplied to an electromagnetic fluid 10 in the duct 2 to produce a magnetic field and a Lorentz's force f. The electromagnetic fluid 10 flows into the thrust duct 2 through an opening 6a at the inlet end portion 6 where it is urged continuously by the Lorentz's force F and jetted outside from an opening 7a at the outlet end portion 7. The reaction of the jet force becomes a thrust. A Lorentz's force f, generated by the superconducting solenoid magnet 1 and by the current J flowing through each current feed element, rotates and drives the thrust duct 2.

Abstract: Liquid metal electrical contact compositions are disclosed. Compositions of this invention consist of a metal mixture of first and second Periodic Table Group III metals and a lubricant. A gallium/indium metal mixture is preferred. Preferred lubricants are metal-based, most preferably molybdenum-based. The liquid metal electrical contact compositions are particularly useful for high current density applications.

Abstract: A submersible, single phase electromagnetic pumping assembly (10) for liquid metal is made, which contains a submersible pump section (16) and a nonsubmersible pump section (18) connected by a hollow conduit (20) where single phase electromagnetic windings (22 and 24) are disposed in each pump section, providing a two stage pumping assembly, and an eddy current blocking electromagnetic winding (22 and 24), providing liquid flow orifices unoccupied by the structure within each pump section near the winding, and where the single phase coils can create a pulsed, standing magnetic wave within each liquid flow orifice.

Abstract: Stator coils for linear flow electromagnetic induction pumps for pumping liquid metal circulating through a hydraulic system are provided with advantageous deployments of coil power terminals and leads.

Abstract: A method and system for converting the chemical energy of methane to electrical energy. Methane is thermally decomposed to hydrogen and carbon in a decomposing unit at a temperature not less than about 1200.degree. K. and at a pressure at least slightly above atmospheric pressure. Carbon and substantially pure oxygen and a cesium or potassium seed material is transmitted to a combustor which is maintained at a pressure of at least about 50 atmospheres to combust the carbon and oxygen and provide an ionized plasma having a temperature not less than about 2800.degree. K. The ionized plasma is accelerated to a velocity not less than about 1000 m/sec and transported through an MHD generator having a magnetic field in the range of from about 4 to about 6 Tesla to generate dc power.

Abstract: A method and system for converting the chemical energy of methane to electrical energy. Methane is thermally decomposed to hydrogen and carbon in a decomposing unit at a temperature not less than 1200.degree. K. and at a pressure above atmospheric pressure. Carbon and substantially pure oxygen and a cesium or potassium seed material is transmitted to a combustor which is maintained at a pressure of at least 50 atmospheres to combust the carbon and oxygen and provide an ionized plasma having a temperature not less than 2900.degree. K. The ionized plasma is accelerated to a velocity not less than 1000 m/sec and transported through an MHD generator having a magnetic field in the range of from 4 to 6 Tesla to generate dc power.

Abstract: A converged magnetic flux type electro-magnetic pump in which plural circular conductor plates provided with slits reaching peripheries from central holes in the plates and plural exciting spiral coils are alternately stacked with respect to each other and individually surrounded by magnetic frames. A high density traveling magnetic flux is generated by eddy currents concentrated around the central holes of the circular conductor plates in response to the application of a multiphase alternating voltage in a non-magnetic pipe passing through the central holes with a cylindrical iron core inserted in the pipe, so as to convey high temperature molten metal such as molten sodium used for refrigerating a high speed breeder reactor. The thickness of the central portions of the circular conductor plates is greater than the remainder of the plates, so as to form a radial T-shaped cross-section.

Abstract: A permanent magnet fluid generator with powerful magnetic field condensers. The condensers utilize neodymium magnets (2) which provide 12,000 gauss or greater to magnetically saturate steel pole pieces (1, 3.) The condensers' pole pieces are individually designed to magnetically oversaturate all commercial steel pipe walls (6) in all current diameters and thicknesses (e.g., ANSI, ASME, API, schedule #40, etc.) The generator drives flux lines completely through a commercial steel pipe wall (9) perpendicular to the flow of any fluid flowing inside the pipe. The fluid thereby generates an electrical current in the fluid that can be utilized to protect the pipe from scale and corrosion.

Abstract: An electromagnetic induction pump in which an electrically conductive liquid is made to flow by means of a force created by interaction of a permanent magnetic field and a DC current. The pump achieves high efficiency through combination of: powerful permanent magnet materials which provide a high strength field that is uniform and constant; steel tubing formed into a coil which is constructed to carry conducting liquids with minimal electrical resistance and heat; and application of a voltage to induce a DC current which continuously produces a force in the direction of the desired flow.

Abstract: A method for winding stator coils and fabricating laminated iron stator rings, then assembling same into an annular stator column for use in a linear flow electromagnetic induction pump for pumping electrically conductive liquid metal and circulation of same through the coolant circuit of a nuclear fission reactor plant or other liquid metal systems.

Abstract: An energy converting apparatus is provided for converting liquid fuel to electrical and mechanical energy, including an exhaust chamber with external walls and an exhaust port; a gas turbine rotor in the exhaust chamber, with a central air inlet, a fuel inlet, a central exhaust gas inlet and a plurality of tangentially oriented gas ports. Air compressor means are provided for injecting air into the air inlet; fuel delivery means are provided for injecting fuel into the fuel inlet; an inwardly curved end wall in the exhaust chamber serves for receiving and reflecting exhaust gases ejected from the exhaust gas ports and maintaining an imploding vortex, wherein the imploding vortex is reflected back from the curved end wall. The imploding vortex forms electric charges on the external walls and the exhaust gases are ejected from the exhaust gas ports to turn the turbine rotor. Electrical take-off means are provided for taking off the electrical charges as electrical energy.

Abstract: This invention relates to the technology of preparing a vacuum by removing gases from an enclosed volume and to the use of magnetized plasma as the working fluid in a vacuum pump. The pumping action is created by ionizing the gas to be pumped with microwave radiation and then by exerting magnetohydrodynamic forces on the plasma to flow through a region of constricted space which impedes the backflow of neutral gas thus causing compression of the gas in the exit region. The magnetohydrodynamic forces arise as the vector product of a plasma current j and a magnetic field B, which are imposed on the plasma by a structure of electrodes and permanent magnets. The geometry of this structure is such that the magnetic force and the plasma current between electrodes are approximately perpendicular to each other and to the axis of the device. The resulting j.times.B force then creates an axial plasma flow and neutral compression.

Abstract: An ocean wave energy conversion system comprising a float adapted to ride on the surface of the ocean in reciprocal vertical motion in response to ocean wave front action, first support means extending downward from the float deeper into the ocean; and, magnetohydrodynamic electric generator means mounted to the first means at a level of attenuated vertical wave action in the ocean, the generator comprising a duct arranged to channel the flow of sea water vertically therethrough in response to the reciprocal vertical motion of the float, second means including magnetic field elements for applying a strong magnetic field cross-wise to the longitudinal axis of the duct and the flow of sea water therethrough, electrode means positioned in the duct and in contact with the flowing sea water therethrough such that the electrode means receives electrical energy generated by magnetohydrodynamic phenomenon as the sea water passes upwardly and downwardly in a relative manner through the magnetic field, and transfer mea

Abstract: A displacement or power mechanical oscillator comprises an oscillation space constituted by a sector of an annular cavity, having a rectangular cross-section in a plane through the axis of the cavity and vertically oriented plane of symmetry. The cavity contains a sealing liquid and a vane in closed matching relationship with the inner walls of the cavity. The vane is symmetrically oscillatable with the liquid in the narrow gaps between vane and cavity walls providing a liquid dynamic seal.

Abstract: A propulsion system has a unit generating electric current, a unit generating a magnetic field substantially perpendicular to the electric current, and a unit forming a duct arranged so that by interaction of the magnetic field and the electric current a force in a liquid accommodated in the duct is produced and the liquid is moved to apply a thrust. The unit forming a duct is formed as a closed duct so that the liquid circulates in the duct and does not escape from it.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generation of a combined-closed-cycle type using an MHD generator and a gas turbine-generator unit. A heater heats ooperative fluid to introduce the heated operative fluid into an MHD generator for power generation. The operative fluid is passed from the MHD generator to a compressor through a first portion of a heat exchanger. The compressed operative fluid is introduced from the compressor to a gas tubine-generator unit through a second portion of the heat exchanger, so that the gas turbine-generator unit generates power by the compressed operative fluid. The heat exchanger recovers heat energy of the operative fluid between the first and second portions thereof. After power generation, the operative fluid is returned to the heater form the turbine-generator unit to complete a combined-closed-cycle of the operative fluid.