Quartz Patents (Class 310/361)
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Patent number: 5304459Abstract: An AT-cut crystal oscillating reed formed by etching an AT-cut crystal wafer is provided. The wafer has a rotational parallel cut obtained by rotating a parallel cut by an angular degree of .theta..degree. relative to the X-axis of the wafer. The etching cross-section of the AT-cut crystal oscillating reed has a surface at an angle about 90.degree. from the front or back surface of the AT-cut crystal oscillating reed. This AT-cut crystal oscillating reed exhibits uniform characteristics and excellent reliability. Also provided is an AT-cut crystal oscillating reed with a low CI value. Finally, a method of etching an AT-cut crystal oscillating reed from an AT-cut crystal wafer is provided. A corrosion resisting film with gaps coats the wafer and is used in the etching process. In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the wafer is designated t, the width of the gaps in the corrosion resisting films is designated l, and l.gtoreq.t/tan .theta..Type: GrantFiled: June 19, 1992Date of Patent: April 19, 1994Assignee: Seiko Epson CorporationInventors: Hideaki Nakamura, Eiji Karaki
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Patent number: 5304887Abstract: A resonator comprises a quartz resonator element (11) sealed between a pair of flat quartz housing members (12, 13) the resonator comprises an active central region 110 defined by an annular recess 111 within which vibrational energy is trapped. The crystal orientation of the housing may be aligned with that of the resonator to minimise thermal effects.Type: GrantFiled: July 28, 1992Date of Patent: April 19, 1994Assignee: Northern Telecom LimitedInventors: Rudolf A. H. Heinecke, Roger J. Williamson
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Patent number: 5302879Abstract: A dual crystalline resonator package comprises either (1) two crystalline bodies, in adjoining cavities of which bodies a crystalline temperature resonator and a crystalline reference resonator are respectively connected and which bodies are directly connected together, or (2) such two crystalline bodies in conjunction with a third crystalline body which is connected directly between the two first-mentioned bodies and to opposite sides of which third body the resonators are connected so that the resonators extend therefrom into the cavities of the two first-mentioned bodies. Either of these embodiments can be used for generating temperature data signals in a high pressure, high temperature well wherein the respective embodiment is lowered and exposed to such high pressure and high temperature. A modification of the second embodiment eliminates one of the resonators and the respective body having the cavity into which the eliminated resonator would otherwise extend.Type: GrantFiled: December 31, 1992Date of Patent: April 12, 1994Assignee: Halliburton CompanyInventors: Charles D. Totty, Gary R. Dellinger, Michael P. Mahler, Vincent P. Zeller, Everett D. Stokes
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Patent number: 5299868Abstract: An apparatus and method for sensing temperature in an oil or gas well use an AC-cut temperature crystal connected to a Z-cut crystalline member contained in a crystalline housing that can be subjected to high pressures and temperatures.Type: GrantFiled: February 3, 1993Date of Patent: April 5, 1994Assignee: Halliburton CompanyInventors: John R. Dennis, Charles D. Totty
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Patent number: 5274297Abstract: A thin quartz plate having opposite major surfaces, each of the opposite major surfaces having a geometrical shape symmetrical or antisymmetrical with respect to an axis of reference; and X, Y and Z crystallographic directions corresponding to electrical, mechanical and optical axes, respectively, of the quartz plate, wherein the axis of reference forms an angle .psi. with said X axis, and the major surfaces form an angle .theta. with a plane defined by said X and Y axes, the angles .theta. and .psi. being chosen such that the first order frequency-temperature coefficient (.alpha.) of the quartz resonator is substantially 0, and the second order frequency-temperature coefficient (.beta.) of said quartz resonator is substantially 0. The shape of the resonator may be rectangular, square, polygonal, circular or elliptical. The resonator is fixed on a supporting base by means of at least one pair of connecting arms located on the extension of a nodal line.Type: GrantFiled: June 4, 1992Date of Patent: December 28, 1993Assignee: Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SAInventors: Jean W. Hermann, Claude Bourgeois
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Patent number: 5250871Abstract: An arrangement of crystal resonators that provides significantly reduced net resonator vibration sensitivity by arranging the crystallographic axes of some of the resonators to have antiparallel relationship, without regard to the acceleration sensitivity vector of any of the crystal resonators.Type: GrantFiled: June 13, 1991Date of Patent: October 5, 1993Assignee: Westinghouse Electric Corp.Inventors: Michael M. Driscoll, Norman G. Matthews
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Patent number: 5221873Abstract: A pressure transducer comprises a quartz crystal having an orientation within a range of angles between about -25.degree. and about -45.degree. relative to the Z axis of X, Y and Z crystallographic axes. Such a pressure transducer provides a useful pressure response at pressures and temperatures above those of the operating ranges of pressure transducers using AT-cut or BT-cut quartz crystals.Type: GrantFiled: January 21, 1992Date of Patent: June 22, 1993Assignee: Halliburton ServicesInventors: Charles D. Totty, John R. Dennis
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Patent number: 5218328Abstract: In a resonator which has an ultrathin vibratory portion formed integrally with a thick frame-like rib surrounding it, a pair of opposed thick marginal portions of the frame-like rib are formed so that their widths gradually decreases toward another marginal portion of the rib from the other remaining one perpendicular to the above-noted pair of opposed marginal portions and to be fixed to a resonator case. This structure substantially increases the mechanical strength of the piezoelectric resonator, even if it is held in a cantilever fashion, and protects it from breakage by an external vibration or shock.Type: GrantFiled: October 7, 1991Date of Patent: June 8, 1993Assignee: Toyo Communication Equipment Co., Ltd.Inventors: Takao Morita, Osamu Ishii, Takebumi Kurosaki
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Patent number: 5218260Abstract: A longitudinal quartz crystal resonator has at least two vibrating arms arranged in parallel to each other to undergo a longitudinal vibration. The vibrating arms are connected together at both ends thereof by connecting sections. A pair of bridge sections extend from central parts of respective ones of the outermost vibrating arms and are connected to flexional sections. The bridge sections are supported through surrounding frame sections by a bottom mount section. The flexional sections are connected to the frame sections so as to form surrounding openings. By such construction, an equivalent inductance and a series resistance are reduced in the longitudinal quartz crystal resonator so as to eliminate vibrating energy loss.Type: GrantFiled: January 22, 1992Date of Patent: June 8, 1993Assignee: Seiko Electronic Components Ltd.Inventor: Hirofumi Kawashima
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Patent number: 5198716Abstract: A micro-machined resonator, typically quartz, with upper and lower micro-machinable support members, or covers, having etched wells which may be lined with conductive electrode material, between the support members is a quartz resonator having an energy trapping quartz mesa capacitively coupled to the electrode through a diaphragm; the quartz resonator is supported by either micro-machined cantilever springs or by thin layers extending over the surfaces of the support. If the diaphragm is rigid, clock applications are available, and if the diaphragm is resilient, then transducer applications can be achieved. Either the thin support layers or the conductive electrode material can be integral with the diaphragm. In any event, the covers are bonded to form a hermetic seal and the interior volume may be filled with a gas or may be evacuated. In addition, one or both of the covers may include oscillator and interface circuitry for the resonator.Type: GrantFiled: December 9, 1991Date of Patent: March 30, 1993Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the United States Department of EnergyInventors: Ned A. Godshall, Dale R. Koehler, Alan Y. Liang, Bradley K. Smith
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Patent number: 5196758Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator containing two rectangular parallelepipedal slices including N and M base structures, respectively, wherein N and M are integers. The two rectangular parallelepipedal slices each include at least one base structure shaped as a thin crystal slice of piezoelectric material in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped. A non-resonant arm connects the two rectangular parallelepipedal slices in juxtaposition in a single plane. An embedding zone is connected to the arm through a connection zone so as to fix the resonator outside a center thereof. Electrodes are disposed on opposite surfaces of the two rectangular parallelepipedal slices and are polarized to excite preferentially the Nth harmonic of a fundamental contour vibration mode in each base structure, and to produce respective extension modes in the two rectangular parallelepipedal slices in a direction perpendicular to an axis of the non-resonant arm.Type: GrantFiled: March 8, 1991Date of Patent: March 23, 1993Assignee: Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique S.A.Inventor: Jean Hermann
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Patent number: 5185550Abstract: In a piezoelectric resonator having an ultrathin vibratory portion formed by a cavity made in a piezoelectric block and a thick frame-like rib formed integrally with said vibratory portion and surrounding it, an excess adhesive receiving groove or the like is cut in one marginal portion of the frame-like rib between an adhesive coated region. The resonator is fixedly housed in a package by use of an adhesive coated on one marginal portion of the frame-like rib along the z-axis direction, or by means of elastic pawls without using the adhesive. In this case, one marginal portion of the frame-like rib on the opposite side from a pad deposited on one side of the piezoelectric resonator is bonded to the bottom of the package.Type: GrantFiled: October 9, 1991Date of Patent: February 9, 1993Assignee: Toyo Communication Equipment Co., Ltd.Inventors: Takao Morita, Osamu Ishii, Takebumi Kurosaki
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Patent number: 5168191Abstract: In a process of producing crystal resonators in which the direction and magnitude of the gamma vector is substantially the same for each resonator, a method of altering the resonator during the process to change the resonator mass, shape, or electrode placement so as to reduce the gamma vector magnitude of each crystal. This alteration may be done by adding mass, removing mass, or both adding and removing mass, or by positioning the electrodes to selectively position the electric field in the crystal, all in order to move the location of the active region of vibration and thereby reduce the gamma vector.Type: GrantFiled: September 17, 1990Date of Patent: December 1, 1992Assignee: Quartztronics, Inc.Inventors: Errol P. EerNisse, Roger W. Ward, O. Lew Wood
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Patent number: 5153476Abstract: Biasing electrodes on a piezoelectric acoustic vibrator alter the sensitivity of the acoustic vibrator and can be used to compensate for external stresses applied to the acoustic vibrator. The biasing electrodes and the circuitry providing electric signals to them are separate from the RF circuitry feeding the RF signal electrodes of the acoustic vibrator. Biasing electrodes can be used on bulk acoustic wave devices or surface acoustic wave devices. The biasing electrodes can be energized by a static D.C. voltage source, or can be used in a dynamic biasing arrangement to provide instantaneous compensation for changing environmental conditions.Type: GrantFiled: March 11, 1991Date of Patent: October 6, 1992Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the ArmyInventor: John A. Kosinski
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Patent number: 5059853Abstract: A longitudinal quartz crystal resonator which creates an extremely small amount of vibrational leakage. Quartz is a highly stable material physically and chemically. A so-called quartz crystal resonator formed of quartz therefore has a low series resistance and a high Q-value. Such excellent characteristics are, however, obtained on the condition that the quartz crystal resonator is designed so as to produce a less leakage of vibration. Energy of a vibrational portion is trapped within itself by contriving and improving a configuration of a supporting portion of the longitudinal quartz crystal resonator which is incorporated with the vibrational portion and the supporting portion by an etching method.Type: GrantFiled: July 13, 1990Date of Patent: October 22, 1991Assignee: Seiko Electric Components Ltd.Inventor: Hirofumi Kawashima
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Patent number: 5047682Abstract: A permanent magnet excited electric motor is provided with a low circumferential hump-like protrusion on the face of each electromagnetic pole to partially decrease the air gap between the stator and rotor and act as a so-called magnetic cam to exert a force on the rotor to smooth an otherwise uneven parasitic slot torque that occurs between the interaction of slot openings of the electromagnetic poles and the gaps between the permanent magnet poles.Type: GrantFiled: October 5, 1988Date of Patent: September 10, 1991Assignee: Papst-Motoren GmbH & Co. KGInventor: Martin Burgbacher
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Patent number: 5012151Abstract: A resonator assembly comprises a rigid support and a rigid crystal which are rigidly connected along linear segments which have one or more matched thermal characteristics. In a particular embodiment, a thermally matched resonator assembly comprises a Z-cut quartz crystal support, a quartz crystal resonator having an active region and including a crystalline structure oriented relative to X-, Y- and Z-crystallographic axes, which X- and Y-crystallographic axes define an X-Y crystallographic plane; and a rigid connector structure for rigidly connecting the resonator to the support along a segment of a line of a plane parallel to or including the X-Y crystallographic plane, which segment extends across a surface of the resonator and is spaced from the center of the active region of the resonator.Type: GrantFiled: September 12, 1989Date of Patent: April 30, 1991Assignee: Halliburton CompanyInventors: Errol P. EerNisse, Roger W. Ward
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Patent number: 5001383Abstract: A small longitudinal quartz crystal resonator has an intermediate oscillating frequency from 500 KHz to 4.2 MHz, a reduced energy loss of vibration, a small equivalent series resistance and zero temperature coefficient. The resonator has a longitudinal vibrational portion of rod-like shape connected at its central portion to a pair of supporting portions through each bridge portion. Each supporting portion is shaped to avoid suppression of oscillation of the vibrational portion. The vibrational and supporting portions are formed integrally by etching method. Driving electrodes are formed on etched faces of the vibrational portion perpendicular to X-axis. The resonator is composed of a quartz crystal plate cut out by cut angle of -2.degree. to +4.degree. around X-axis with respect to a Z-plate. The vibrational portion may have tapered end portions to increase the oscillating frequency in high frequency range up to 4.2 MHz.Type: GrantFiled: September 7, 1989Date of Patent: March 19, 1991Assignee: Seiko Electronic Components Ltd.Inventor: Hirofumi Kawashima
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Patent number: 4986670Abstract: A temperature measurement device is provided with a temperature sensing element which contains a quartz resonator having a quartz oscillating crystal whose ratio of width to thickness is in the range of 9.48 to 9.69, and an antenna which receives stimulus for the quartz oscillating crystal and transmits waves of reverberatory oscillation. The temperature measurement device is capable of measuring temperatures in the range of normal room temperature to extremely low temperatures (4.degree. K.).Type: GrantFiled: November 17, 1989Date of Patent: January 22, 1991Assignees: Agency of Industrial Science & Technology, Ministry of International Trade, Tokyo Denpa Co., Ltd.Inventors: Futoshi Uchiyama, Ko Agatsuma, Takeshi Ohara, Koichi Tsukamoto, Sumiyuki Ishigami, Mitsuru Sato, Hisashi Sugimoto
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Patent number: 4926086Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator formed as a thin parallelepipedic quartz plate whose width is arranged along the electric axis X of the crystal, the length along an axis Y' and the thickness along an axis Z', wherein the axes Y' and Z' form an angle approximately equal to 24.degree. with the mechanical axis Y and the optical axis Z of the crystal, respectively, and the ratio w/l of its width to its length is approximately equal to 0.64.Type: GrantFiled: June 30, 1989Date of Patent: May 15, 1990Assignee: Centre Suisse D'Electronique Et De Microtechnique S.A.Inventors: Claude Bourgeois, Jean Hermann
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Patent number: 4924132Abstract: The principal surfaces of an oscillator quartz crystal body for a temperature sensor oscillator are plane, parallel and of substantially the same size and are oriented with respect to the usual x-y-z coordinate system of electric, mechanical and optic axes so that the angle .phi. of the electric (x) axis with respect to either of these planes lies within a tolerance range extending from +1.degree. to -1.degree., while the angle .theta. of the optic (z) axis with respect to either of these plane lies either in the 3.degree.-6.degree. range or in the 68.degree.-72.degree. range. Since in the regions of .theta.=4.degree. and .theta.=70.degree. the change of the temperature coefficient with variation of the angle .theta.Type: GrantFiled: February 16, 1989Date of Patent: May 8, 1990Assignee: W. C. Heraeus GmbHInventor: Horst Ziegler
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Patent number: 4902926Abstract: In piecoelectric measuring elements comprising two or more crystal elements that are jointly subject to the mechanical variable to be measured and are provided with electrically conductive electrodes on opposite surfaces located essentially normal to the electric (x) axes of these crystal elements, disadvantages arising from shearing stresses can be prevented by using crystal elements (2) from crystals of point group 32, in which exist two opposite types of enantiomorphism, l and r, in which part of the crystal elements used belong to one of the two enantiomorphic types l or r, and have one of the two absolute orientations of the x-axis, .alpha..sub.1 or .alpha..sub.2, while the remaining crystal elements belong to the opposite enantiomorphic type and have the opposite orientation of the x-axis.Type: GrantFiled: November 10, 1988Date of Patent: February 20, 1990Assignee: AVL Gesellschaft fur Verbhrennungskraftmaschinen und Messtechnik m.b.H. Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Hans ListInventors: Gunter Engel, Peter W. Krempl, Helmut List
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Patent number: 4900971Abstract: A face shear mode quartz crystal resonator having a vibrational portion and supporting portions incorporated therein by an etching method. A flexural portion of the supporting portion is connected with a central portion of a side of the vibrational portion. The width W and length L of the flexural portion connected with the vibrational portion are designed so as to meet "W.ltoreq.0.67L". The supporting portions are provided at the edges in the z'-axis direction of the vibrational portion which is substantially square and fixedly supported via both distal end portions of the supporting portions, and each side of the vibrational portion is from 0.72 mm to 2.02 mm.Type: GrantFiled: March 7, 1989Date of Patent: February 13, 1990Assignee: Seiko Electronic Components Ltd.Inventor: Hirofumi Kawashima
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Patent number: 4873465Abstract: The piezoelectric resonator (1) comprises two plates (5,6) and at least two parallel bars (2 to 4) connecting the plates (5,6) to each other. The orientation of the quartz wafer in which the resonator (1) is cut and the arrangement of the electrodes (9 to 11, 15 to 17) on the bars (2 to 4) are such that these bars (2 to 4) vibrate in an elongation mode. The elongation mode of the bars is coupled to a plate and bar flexure mode to improve the thermal properties of the resonator. This resonator can be used in devices in which the dimensions of the resonator have to be as small as possible and/or in which its resonance frequency has to be as low as possible.Type: GrantFiled: November 28, 1988Date of Patent: October 10, 1989Assignee: Centre Electronique Horloger S.A.Inventor: Claude Bourgeois
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Patent number: 4772130Abstract: A quartz thermometer adapted to measure the ambient temperature through detection of a change in the resonance frequency of a quartz resonator due to change in the temperature, wherein a quartz wafer of 0.02 to 0.2 mm thickness is cut from a region of a quartz within -30.degree. to -70.degree. in terms of rotation angle about the X axis of the quartz thereby to form a quart resonator within a range of between -15.degree. to +15.degree. in terms of angle of rotation about the Z' axis within the plane of the quartz wafer; and wherein thin metallic films are formed on the surfaces of the resonator to serve as exciting electrodes. The resonator and electrodes are produced by photolithography and anisotropic quartz etching processes. The resulting quartz thermometer has a large first order temperature coefficient of frequency.Type: GrantFiled: May 30, 1986Date of Patent: September 20, 1988Assignee: Yokogawa Electric CorporationInventors: Toshitsugu Ueda, Fusao Kohsaka, Toshio Iino
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Patent number: 4772817Abstract: A piezoelectric crystal without spontaneous polarization such as Li.sub.2 B.sub.4 O.sub.7 or quartz crystal is jointed to a cathode on the side opposite to the tip thereof to finely drive the cathode. The surface observation apparatus mounting the cathode makes it possible to observe the surface of a sample at high speeds.Type: GrantFiled: June 2, 1987Date of Patent: September 20, 1988Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd.Inventors: Toshiyuki Aida, Hiroshi Takeuchi, Sumio Hosaka, Shigeyuki Hosoki, Tadashi Ikeda
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Patent number: 4754187Abstract: A doubly rotated, stress and temperature compensated quartz crystal resonator. The crystal cuts are arbitrarity designated the SK1 and SK2 cuts. Lateral field excitation is used to excite only the b-mode of vibration (fast quasi-shear) and suppress the c mode (slow quasi-shear). Exclusive excitation of the b mode produces a resonator with a higher Q and lower phase noise than otherwise achievable.Type: GrantFiled: September 8, 1987Date of Patent: June 28, 1988Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the ArmyInventor: John A. Kosinski
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Patent number: 4741213Abstract: The present invention deals with a quartz-type gas pressure gauge which utilizes resonance of a quartz vibrator that changes depending upon the pressure, wherein the quartz vibrator is of the type of tuning fork obtained from a Z-plate of quartz crystal that is cut at an angle of greater than 1.degree.50' with respect to the Y-axis, in order to prevent the occurrence of erroneous measurement that will be caused by the change of ambient temperature particularly in low pressure regions.Type: GrantFiled: February 9, 1987Date of Patent: May 3, 1988Assignee: Seiko Instruments & Electronics Ltd.Inventor: Hiso Hojoh
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Patent number: 4741076Abstract: A high stability quartz crystal oscillator is made from a quartz crystal te by first cutting the quartz crystal plate at the angles that result in a resonator having a turnover temperature below the lowest operating temperature of the equipment in which the oscillator is to be used. A resonator is made from the quartz plate; the resonator when connected into a high stability oscillator circuit, and the oscillator-circuit/resonator combination placed into a temperature controlled environment where the temperature is maintained at a temperature between the lowest operating temperature of the equipment in which the oscillator is to be used to about -250.degree. C.Type: GrantFiled: April 18, 1983Date of Patent: May 3, 1988Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the ArmyInventor: John R. Vig
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Patent number: 4725754Abstract: A low aging piezoelectric resonator is made from a plate of piezoelectric terial using standard resonator fabrication techniques with identical electrodes applied to both major faces of the plate; the electroded plate mounted in a suitable enclosure and the unit vacuum baked and sealed under high vacuum to remove as much contamination as possible, and a DC voltage impressed between the resonator electrodes and the enclosure to create a static electric filed within the enclosure.Type: GrantFiled: June 22, 1987Date of Patent: February 16, 1988Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the ArmyInventor: John A. Kosinski
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Patent number: 4701661Abstract: SC cut crystal resonators having lateral field excitation are disclosed. An SC cut quartz crystal blank is a doubly rotated Y cut which has the very valuable characteristic that its resonance frequency is stable while under stress, either from temperature gradients or from shock and vibration. Because of the threefold symmetry of quartz, and since the SC cut is rotated 22 degrees about the Z axis, there is a Y axis only about 8 degrees from the surface of an SC cut plate. A lateral field directed along or near this axis strongly excites the C mode and very weakly excites the B mode, if at all. The electrodes generating the lateral field are placed on the same major surface of an SC cut quartz crystal disc element and shaped to place the strongest field in the center of the disc element. This has been found to strongly couple to the C mode and suppress all other modes including the B mode and satellite C modes. Spectral purity and Q are enhanced thereby.Type: GrantFiled: May 28, 1985Date of Patent: October 20, 1987Assignee: Frequency Electronics, Inc.Inventors: Arthur W. Warner, Bruce Goldfrank
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Patent number: 4633124Abstract: A mounting is provided for a GT-cut, coupled mode piezoelectric resonator. The mount includes pedestals with recesses. Portions of the resonator are mounted in the recesses.Type: GrantFiled: March 15, 1983Date of Patent: December 30, 1986Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Daini SeikoshaInventor: Hirofumi Kawashima
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Patent number: 4631437Abstract: A stress compensated quartz piezoelectric resonator disk. The resonator contains a thin resonant center disk and a thicker integral concentric peripheral support ring. Roughly pie-slice portions of the inner disk are cut away. The remaining bridges between the resonant disk and support ring are positioned and sized in accord with crystallographic theory so that forces applied to the support ring will not change the resonant frequency of the disk.Type: GrantFiled: January 10, 1985Date of Patent: December 23, 1986Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the ArmyInventor: Arthur Ballato
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Patent number: 4608510Abstract: The micro-resonator comprises, cut from the same quartz crystal, a bar and a suspension frame means. The bar is cut in a substantially Z cut mode. The excitation electrodes are disposed on the sides of the bar. The length of the bar is substantially parallel to the Y axis.This produces a resonator which vibrates in a main mode of extension-compression, at from 0.5 MHz to 4 MHz.Type: GrantFiled: January 13, 1982Date of Patent: August 26, 1986Assignee: Asulab S.A. - ESA 55Inventors: Rudolf J. Dinger, Jean-Georges Michel
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Patent number: 4602182Abstract: An X-cut, 33.44 degree quartz crystal for propagating surface acoustic waves with a temperature stability in the order of -0.0209 ppm/C.sup.2. The crystal orientation requires only a single rotation (33.44.degree.) from the crystal axes. This orientation is substantially simpler than previously reported cuts with comparable temperature stability which typically require three rotations. The X cut orientation has a surface acoustic wave (SAW) velocity of 3175 m/sec, an electromechanical coupling (.DELTA.v/v) of 4.times.10.sup.-4, and a power flow angle of 2.7 degrees.Type: GrantFiled: May 25, 1984Date of Patent: July 22, 1986Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Air ForceInventor: Richard T. Webster
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Patent number: 4568850Abstract: Improvement of resonator circuit parameters, unwanted mode suppression, and the frequency-temperature characteristic of a crystal resonator is provided by a doubly cut crystal resonator plane having at least one major face including a cylindrical contour, the axis of which is parallel to the direction of the projection of the eigenvector (the normal coordinate) for the desired operating mode. The cylinder axis is at an angle to the doubly rotated electrical axis such that the fast shear "b" mode is suppressed while the slow shear "c" mode is unaffected. The radius of the cylinder is selectively chosen for altering the frequency-temperature characteristic.Type: GrantFiled: February 11, 1985Date of Patent: February 4, 1986Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the ArmyInventor: Arthur Ballato
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Patent number: 4562375Abstract: In a pressure transducer of the piezoelectric type, a resonator (10) is made up of a pellet (16) mounted inside an element designed to be subjected to the action of a pressure on its exterior face (18). The pellet (16) and the element (12) are cut in the same quartz block, using a cut which provides two vibration modes. The forces resulting from the external pressure are transmitted to the edge of the pellet (16) by connecting bridges (22, 23) whose orientation is chosen so that one of the vibration modes has maximum sensitivity to the forces while the other mode has a practically zero sensitivity.Type: GrantFiled: August 4, 1983Date of Patent: December 31, 1985Assignee: Schlumberger Technology CorporationInventors: Raymond J. Besson, Jean-Jacques Boy, Jean-Pascal Valentin
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Patent number: 4547691Abstract: In a piezoelectric transducer (10) an external element (12) of tubular form receives a pressure, notably a pressure to be measured, on its external face (16). It is cut in a quartz crystal in one piece with a plate (25) capable of vibrating under the action of an electric stress and extending in a plane parallel to the longitudinal direction of the tubular element inside the latter. Each of the longitudinal edges of the plate is connected by a transverse connecting element (30, 31) to the internal face (14) of the tubular element so as to transmit forces (F1 and F2) resulting from the application of the external pressure to the plate (25) in a direction substantially parallel to its plane and perpendicular to the axis of the tubular element (12).Type: GrantFiled: August 4, 1983Date of Patent: October 15, 1985Assignee: Schlumberger Technology CorporationInventors: Michel Valdois, Pierre Maitre, Raymond Besson, Jean-Jacques Boy
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Patent number: 4542355Abstract: Enhancement of proper phase and insertion loss response, reduction of undesired mode couplings, and greater latitude in the design with respect to energy trapping in filters, in addition to enhancement of the dynamic frequency-temperature compensation, as well as stress-frequency compensation is provided by arranging the electrode gap of a monolithic crystal filter so that it is perpendicular to the projection of the normal coordinate or eigenvector of the mode utilized along with making the side edges of the electrodes parallel to the direction of the normal coordinate projection. For the doubly rotated SC cut of quartz, using the c-mode, the normal coordinate projection angle, i.e. the axis along which the electrodes are aligned, is substantially 8.2.degree. from the rotated plate (X') axis.Type: GrantFiled: November 7, 1984Date of Patent: September 17, 1985Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the ArmyInventor: Arthur Ballato
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Patent number: 4540909Abstract: A tuning fork type quartz crystal resonator using a coupling between the fundamental flexural and fundamental torsional modes of vibration. The resonator has a base and two tuning fork arms extending from the base. The length of the base is larger than that of the tuning fork arms. The base has a narrow width portion effective to lower the vibrating displacements of the base end according to the torsional mode.Type: GrantFiled: March 29, 1984Date of Patent: September 10, 1985Assignee: Seiko Instruments & Electronics Ltd.Inventors: Kunihiro Takahashi, Nobuyoshi Matsuyama
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Patent number: 4525647Abstract: This invention is directed to an AT-cut quartz resonator having two different resonant modes simultaneously occurring in which a generally rectangular polyhedron has first and second electrodes disposed on opposing faces, and having the width to height selected within the range of 8 to 25. The width is selected such that a thickness shear mode and flexure mode are simultaneously excitable and coupled together. The AT rotation angle is selected so that a first signal responsive to the coupled flexure mode and thickness shear mode has a substantially cubic frequency versus temperature response over a desired temperature range and a second signal responsive to the coupled flexure and thickness shear modes has a substantially linear frequency versus temperature response over the desired temperature range.Type: GrantFiled: February 4, 1985Date of Patent: June 25, 1985Assignee: Motorola, Inc.Inventor: Lawrence N. Dworsky
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Patent number: 4503353Abstract: Axes X', Y' and Z' of a resonator are established from the axes X, Y and Z of a quartz crystal by virtue of two rotational movements through angles .phi. and .theta., respectively. The resonator is energized to vibrate in accordance with the fundamental torsional mode. The angles of cut .phi. and .theta. are such that the first-order temperature coefficient is zero. The torsional mode may be coupled to a flexural mode in order to render the second-order temperature coefficient zero. The fork tines extend in the X' direction. In other embodiments the tines extend in the Y' direction and the rotation .phi. and .theta. are about the X and Z' axes, respectively.Type: GrantFiled: July 11, 1983Date of Patent: March 5, 1985Assignee: Centre Electronique Horloger S.A.Inventor: Jean Hermann
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Patent number: 4499395Abstract: The present invention concerns itself with crystallographically doubly rotated quartz orientations vibrating in the transverse c-mode with turnover temperatures which are considerably less sensitive to angular misorientation than the comparable well known AT- or BT-cuts. These crystals are arbitrarily designated as AK-cut crystals and are defined by .phi.-angle variations between 30.degree.-60.degree. and .theta.-angle variations between 12.degree.-32.degree.. The turnover temperatures of these resonators are between 60.degree. C. and 200.degree. C.Type: GrantFiled: May 26, 1983Date of Patent: February 12, 1985Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Air ForceInventor: Alfred Kahan
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Patent number: 4486682Abstract: A new family of stress compensated quartz resonators having cuts exhibiting an ultra-linear frequency vs. temperature characteristic. This family of resonators has an orientation defined with respect to the crystallographic axes by polar angles .phi. and .theta., which angles lie on the locus where the second-order temperature coefficient of frequency is zero between the angles .phi.=20.degree..+-.2.degree. and .theta.=20.degree..+-.5.degree., and in close proximity to the locus of zero coefficient of stress. In one preferred embodiment, the resonator comprises a plate whose angles of cut .phi. and .theta. are both substantially equal to 20.degree.. In a second preferred embodiment an exact stress compensation is provided where .phi. is substantially equal to 20.8.degree. and .theta. is substantially equal to 23.2.degree., and orientation where the locus of the zero coefficient of stress intersects the locus of the zero of the second-order temperature coefficient.Type: GrantFiled: March 17, 1983Date of Patent: December 4, 1984Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the ArmyInventors: Mitsuo Nakazawa, Arthur Ballato, Theodore J. Lukaszek
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Patent number: 4485323Abstract: A force and pressure transducer comprises a plate-like crystal. Two separate portions of the crystal are maintained in oscillation at separate frequencies by a circuit. The force to be measured, is applied by a seating to a part of the crystal edge such that compression in one of the oscillating portions causes the frequency of that oscillating portion to change substantially whereas the frequency of the other portion changes only minimally.In the past it has been difficult to manufacture crystals in which the frequency versus temperature response of each of the two oscillating portions was sufficiently well matched to permit the difference frequency between the portions to be used as the instrument output signal.This invention resides in the application of a second fixed force by a spring via a seating to a second part of the crystal edge in such a way as to influence the frequency of oscillation of this second portion.Type: GrantFiled: January 30, 1984Date of Patent: November 27, 1984Inventor: James P. Corbett
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Patent number: 4476411Abstract: A thickness shear quartz crystal oscillator has two major surfaces which extend in the direction the of X axis of the crystal and which are 5mm to 10mm long. X-Z plane defined by the X axis and Z axis of the crystal is rotated about the X axis by 35.degree.08' to 35.degree.16' so that the major surfaces are parallel to an X-Z' plane defined by the X axis and an imaginary Z' axis inclined to the Z axis at 35.degree.08' to 35.degree.16'. One of the major surfaces is displaced in the direction of the Z' axis to thereby cause the side faces of the oscillator to incline at an angle of 4.degree. to 6.degree..Type: GrantFiled: January 21, 1982Date of Patent: October 9, 1984Assignee: Nihon Dempa Kogyo Co., Ltd.Inventors: Masanobu Okazaki, Satoshi Akutsu, Susumu Ebihara
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Patent number: 4472656Abstract: A temperature sensor including an oscillator circuit comprising a plate-shaped quartz crystal resonator formed using a cut rotated singly through an angle .theta. about the X axis, .theta. being in the range -29.degree. to -16.degree. or +39.degree. to +45.degree.. Electrodes are provided on the major surfaces of the resonator to make the resonator vibrate in a thickness shear mode at a frequency which varies substantially linearly in a selected temperature range.Type: GrantFiled: June 27, 1983Date of Patent: September 18, 1984Assignee: U.S. Philips CorporationInventor: Cornelis Franx
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Patent number: 4472655Abstract: A tuning fork flexural quartz resonator is cut out from a Z plate rotated at 25.degree.-165.degree. around the X-axis as the rotary axis. The resonator with an excellent frequency sensitivity of about -100 ppm/.degree.C. is obtained when the cut angle .theta. is 120.degree..Type: GrantFiled: March 25, 1983Date of Patent: September 18, 1984Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Daini SeikoshaInventor: Hirofumi Kawashima
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Patent number: 4459042Abstract: A temperature sensor is formed by mounting a force-sensitive resonator on a resilient or non-resilient base structure, preferably in an enclosure such that thermally induced expansions or contractions of the base structure apply a stress to the resonator. The resonant frequency of the resonator is measured to provide an indication of the temperature of the base structure and resonator.Type: GrantFiled: August 26, 1983Date of Patent: July 10, 1984Assignee: Novex, Inc.Inventor: Jerome M. Paros
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Patent number: 4453105Abstract: A mode coupled tuning fork resonator is cut at a preferred angle and with selected length, width, and thickness to produce a resonator having a highly favorable frequency-temperature characteristic over a wide range of operating temperatures. The frequency-temperature characteristic can be expressed in a Taylor's expansion dominated by the fourth power term.Type: GrantFiled: September 4, 1981Date of Patent: June 5, 1984Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Suwa SeikoshaInventor: Shigeru Kogure