Abstract: A lenticular lens containing a multiplicity of multi-sided lenticules useful with reflector lamps provides improved light distribution by having the lenticules oriented to avoid parallelism with a projected light image and distributed in a plurality of zones or bands concentric about said optical center. The size and light-spreading ability of the lenticules in each zone is selected to provide the desired light distribution. Parallelism is avoided by having the lenticules arrayed in a plurality of wedge-shaped sections circumferentially arranged in a circle around the optical center of the lens and extending through the zones with the lenticules in each section arrayed in a uniform, close-packed hexagonal array of parallel rows with the longitudinal axis of one of the rows being radially aligned with respect to the optical center of the lens, so that none of the sides of the lenticules are parallel to the light source image projected off the reflector.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention is a short arc lamp comprising an alumina ceramic cylindrically shaped body with a concave opening at one end that is silvered to form a reflector, a cathode suspended within the concave opening in opposition to an anode that protrudes through a hole in the center of the concave opening from the opposite end of the body, a circular iron base that supports the anode at its center and attaches to the body with a metal ring that bridges a separation between the base and the body, and a copper heat transfer pad that is brazed to the inside of the metal ring and the body such that heat is efficiently transferred from the area of the concave reflector near the hole for the anode to a heat sink that attaches to the metal ring outside the lamp. A copper plug brazed as an integral part of the anode serves to distribute heat efficiently throughout the anode.

Abstract: An electrodeless discharge lamp comprising an arc tube constructed of a light-transmissive material. An exciting structure surrounds the arc tube and is energizable with radio frequency current to develop an arc discharge. A reflective coating of non-conducting insulating material is disposed on the arc tube wall and is located to reflect light from the arc discharge through the arc tube. The reflective coating and the uncoated portion of the arc tube wall are surrounded by the exciting structure so that light from the arc discharge may reach the reflective coating without blockage by the exciting structure and, following reflection by the coating, travel through the uncoated portion of the arc tube wall.

Abstract: An automotive lamp device includes a metal lamp housing having an opening for passing light therethrough, an electric-discharge lamp accommodated in the lamp housing to provide a required amount of light to be emitted by the lamp device, a lens having a series of modified prisms or ridges that bend the light beam generated by the discharge lamp into a desired pattern, a finisher disposed in an inner perimeter section other than a main lens section of the lens, for preventing propagation of the light beams through a section other than the main lens section of the lens. The finisher is made of metal and, in addition, electromagnetic shielding is employed in the lens for preventing undesirable electromagnetic radiation noise generated by the discharge lamp from leaking through the lens to the exterior of the lamp housing, while allowing the required amount of light to pass through the lens.

Abstract: A flat form gas discharge lamp is disclosed which includes glass front and back plates mounted together and in which the front plate is formed with a plurality of channels which are sealed to confine an ionizable medium. The channels are oriented in parallel relationship and are separated by gaps. Optical means is placed in the gaps for intercepting secondary light which is transmitted laterally from side walls of the channels and redirected toward the front of the lamp. Secondary light in combination with the primary transmitted through front walls of the channels provides illumination across an area with optimum brightness uniformity and efficiency.

Abstract: A display element includes a position regulating plate along the side of a condensing lens for positioning the sides of the condensing lens, a filter and an emission element in the same plane so as to prevent any deviation in the position. The display element prevents separation between a condensing lens, a filter and the front panel of an emission element even if thermal stress or other external forces are applied to the display element as well as preventing inclination of the condensing lens when the members are bonded together.

Abstract: A signal light particularly adapted for use in traffic signals and vehicle taillights. The signal comprises a lens having at least one central opening, a bulb mounted behind the lens, and a reflector mounted behind the bulb. The reflector has an irregular, crinkled surface in order to produce a sparkling effect in combination with the lens central opening.

Abstract: A miniature gas discharge lamp having a direct physical connection with an end portion of an external optical fiber. Light generated within the lamp is directed against an end face of the optical fiber to cause light rays to travel within and along the fiber. The lamp has an elongated straight passage for containment of a radiation-producing gas, the passage being axially aligned with the optical fiber so that substantially all of the photon energy generated within the passage is optically connected to the end face of the fiber.

Abstract: A light-source multiplication device having a light transmissive portion including one substantially planer face and an opposite face with multiple facets, a light emitting diode for generating light juxtaposed with and directed towards the light transmissive portion, wherein the facets on the light transmissive portion are angled such that images of light from the light emitting diode project in parallel from each facet.

Abstract: A halogen lamp having a translucent glass envelope containing a halogen-containing gas sealed therein and including an outer surface and a connection end. The lamp further has a tungsten filament sealed within the envelope for generating light containing visible light and infrared rays, lead-in conductors for connecting the lamp to a source of electricity, molybdenum foils embedded within the connection end of the envelope for electrically connecting the filament to the lead-in conductors and an optical film coated on at least a portion of the envelope for reflecting the infrared rays and transmitting the visible light, the reflected infrared rays generating heat within the envelope which is transmitted by conduction through the envelope, the envelope also including a roughened area free from the optical film on the outer surface between the optical film and the connection end for interrupting the transmission of the heat through the envelope to the molybdenum foils.

Abstract: A plug-in lamp assembly for use as a picture element in large-screen information display systems. The lamp assembly includes red, green and blue discharge lamps for selectively generating different colors. Each discharge lamp has electrical leads extending from a first end and a light output region at a second end. The lamp assembly further includes a base having spaced-apart, plug-in electrical connectors, a cap covering the second ends of the lamps and a sleeve around the discharge lamps and interconnecting the cap and the base. The base provides mechanical support for the discharge lamps and permits easy replacement of the lamp assembly. The sleeve blocks light emitted from the sides of the discharge lamps. The cap includes a diffuser and a filter for altering the output spectrum of one or more of the discharge lamps.

Abstract: A method of prolonging the life of thin film dichroic coated lamp components and of employing inexpensive components has been discovered. This method is the use of a hydrogen getter located in the outer jacket of the lamp, adjacent to the dichroic coating. The getter is preferably located and aligned so as to reach an optimum operating temperature.

Abstract: The projector-type head lamp assembly comprises a reflector having plural reflection surfaces different in reflection characteristics from each other. The reflector has disposed in the center of the reflection surface thereof a first reflection surface area extended horizontally; adjoiningly at the top and bottom, respectively, of the first reflection surface area a second reflection surface area extended horizontally; and adjoiningly to the second reflection surface areas a third reflection surface area extended horizontally. The reflection surface areas are composed of numerous fine surface elements smoothly continuous to each other.

Abstract: An improved optical radiation source for use in illumination that is obtained from a thinwall tubular arc lamp with a high input power density that delivers high brightness. It includes a constricting enclosure that exerts a compressive force upon the insulating tube forming the envelope of said lamp to counteract tensile strain in the tube caused by higher gas pressure within the tube and a higher thermal gradient within the walls of said tube.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a sealed beam lamp comprising a lens and a reflector, both of which have been coated with a multiple series of thin, very high temperature resistant alternating dichroic coatings, most preferably TiO.sub.2 and SiO.sub.2. The lamps of the present invention produce brilliantly colored light and may be constructed as compact, high wattage, glass or epoxy sealed fixtures, with numerous possible focussing constuctions.

Abstract: A surface for reflecting light energy of a first frequency range while transmitting light energy of a second frequency range and an incandescent lamp employing such a surface utilizes an array of corner cube elements. Each element has three sides which are mutually perpendicular and meet at a common vertex. Each side of each element is a surface in the shape of a square. All edges of the three square sides have equal dimensions. The array of elements is arranged with each element except for extreme outer elements having all of its edges contiguous with corresponding edges of other elements so as to form a continuous surface of the elements such that the projection of outer edges of each element on a common plane through corners of each side diagonally opposite to the vertex of that element form a hexagon. At least one surface of each element being dichroic to allow transmission of light energy of the second frequency range while reflecting light energy of the first frequency range.

Abstract: An improved electron deflection system for a light valve of the type used in Schlieren dark field projectors is disclosed. The deflection system eliminates one set (D box 25) of three sets of deflection electrodes used in such projectors. This is accomplished by modifying the d.c. voltages and a.c. voltages applied to the deflection electrodes. A quadrupole d.c. voltage is added to the first control box set of electrodes (61, 62) and a second quadrupole voltage of opposite sense is added to the focus deflection box set of electrodes (63, 65). This modifies the vertical and horizontal beam angles differentially and the vertical and horizontal beam trajectories differentially in a manner to compensate for the composite effects of spherical aberrations, deflection focusing aberrations, and the static starfish lens generated by the interaction of the square box electrode structure against the round drift ring assembly (21) of the deflection system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a blown lamp bulb having a parabolically curved wall portion, a neck-shaped wall portion near the apex of the parabolically curved wall portion. The bulb has a an axis of symmetry and a largest diameter. A curved wall portion is opposite the parabolic wall portion and has a focus which is located near the neck-shaped wall portion. The curved wall portion has a spherically curved portion having a center of curvature on the largest diameter or above it and a flattened portion proximate the axis of symmetry. The lamp bulb renders it possible to manufacture, by the choice of the finish of the lamp bulb, a large number of lamp types.

Abstract: An improved electric lamp wherein a flexible cover holder is utilized to secure the lamp's cover means (e.g., lens) against the reflector in a sealed manner. The holder flexes during lamp operation to enable expansion and/or contraction of the cover means in such a manner that damage thereto is substantially prevented. In one example, a ceramic reflector and glass lens combination was used, with the holder comprising an annular, metallic (e.g., aluminum) rim.

Abstract: In an automatic focus adjustment apparatus with a light-emitting device comprising a condenser lens and a light-emitting element which radiates light onto an object and adjusts the focal point according to a light reflected back from the object, undesired flare is eliminated by placing a diaphragm sufficiently close to the light-emitting element so that only the effective light from the element passes to the condenser lens by using a cap, an opaque paint or a spatial filter, and/or by applying a low reflectance paint to the inner wall of an outer casing of the light-emitting device.

Abstract: The irradiation device comprises a short arc discharge lamp, in which a pair of electrodes are arranged, between which a discharge path extends. An optical conductor is sealed with its first end into the wall of the lamp vessel in such a manner that its light entrance window is arranged laterally of the discharge path and is directed to the discharge path.

Abstract: An electric lamp of compact, rugged design capable of high temperature operation in such applications as down lighting, display lighting, track lighting, etc. The lamp includes a ceramic reflector having therein a capsule (e.g., tungsten halogen or arc discharge) which serves as the lamp's light source. A base member of conventional external design is secured to the reflector to enable positioning of the lamp in existing socket configurations. At least one part of the capsule engages the internal surface of the reflector's central opening to assure stabilization of the capsule. The lamp further includes a cover which is capable of outward flexing during lamp operation.

Abstract: A light diffusive coating having an excellent light diffusion effect, a method of forming the coating and a halogen lamp with the coating. The light diffusive coating includes bubbles within a continuous coating consisting of a metal oxide formed on a base. The method of forming the light diffusive coating is made by the inclusion of bubbles formed by the evaporization of a high boiling-point organic solvent within the metal oxide coating formed by the application of a combination of an organo-metallic compound with a high boiling-point organic solvent to a base surface, and the subsequent decomposition of the organo-metallic compound on baking.

Abstract: A device for optically coupling a light emitting diode and a radiation pickup such as an optical fiber. The light emitting diode element includes at least one emissive section within an active layer where a part of the light irradiation does not emerge from the diode element if it is emitted at an excessive angle of incidence. A lenticular element in the form of either a semi-cylindrical lens or a semi-toroidal lens is associated with the emissive section. In one form, the device includes a circular central lens and a plurality of semi-toroidal lens concentric with respect to the central lens and associated with annular emissive sections.

Abstract: An automobile headlight including a reflector, a plastic lens secured to the reflector, and a light source (e.g., tungsten halogen capsule) located within and surrounded by the reflector. Means for preventing light transmission through a preselected portion of the lens is provided, said means also substantially preventing heat buildup on the lens. In one embodiment, this means comprises a layer of mica located on the internal surface of the lens and having thereon a thin layer of aluminum. The aluminum serves as a substrate for a dark coating (e.g., black paint).

Abstract: A dichroically reflect/transmit disc is comprised of multiple small trihedral dichroic corner-reflectors and is positioned near an incandescent filament in such a way as to intercept a substantial part of the light emitted therefrom. The dimension of each reflective/transmissive surface of each individual corner-reflector is small in comparison with the width of the filament. Each reflective/transmissive surface reflects light of infrared frequencies, but transmits light of visible frequencies with minimal attenuation. Thus, infrared light is reflected back onto the filament, with the overall result of significantly improving luminous efficacy in terms of the amount of visible light obtained for a given amount of power consumed by the filament.

Abstract: An improved composite light source utilizing light from an arc discharge in a deuterium gas atmosphere and that from a tungsten lamp. The composite light source comprises a sealed envelope having a light emitting window made of quartz, in which deuterium gas is filled, an electrode structure to cause an arc discharge in the deuterium gas atmosphere to occur, and a tungsten lamp. The light emitting window, an aperture of a focusing plate for forming an arc discharge, an aperture of the anode, and the filament of the tungsten lamp are sequentially arranged in line at their centers. The composite light source has the optical means to focus the light beam emitted from the tungsten lamp onto the aperture of the focusing plate for forming the arc discharge. In the present invention, useless power consumption to elevate the temperature within the tungsten lamp can be reduced. It extends the life of the light source improving the efficiency of light emission.

Abstract: A discharge lamp device wherein discharging zone within a tubular discharge lamp is caused to exist as selectively biased with respect to the axis of the lamp to render the light distributing characteristic non-uniform in the circumferential direction of the lamp and, utilizing such biased discharging zone, a light of selective color or color tone dependent on a color or color tone determining material disposed along the biased zone is provided. The discharging zone biasing is realized specifically preferably by an electromagnetic means.

Abstract: A flash device of the type in which the flash tube is coated with a trigger electrode and is positioned in contact with the back metal constituting part of the reflector so that when the trigger signal is applied directly to the back metal, the flash tube is triggered. In this type of flash device the back metal constituting part of the reflector is configured to a round shape. Because of the necessity of insuring good light distribution it is generally made of bright alloy aluminum. This not only makes it difficult to finely adjust the position of the flash tube relative to the back metal and electrically connect the trigger wire lead with the back metal, but also gives rise to a problem of electrically insulating the back metal from the other metallic parts since a very high voltage for triggering is applied to the back metal.

Abstract: Low-pressure sodium vapor discharge lamp comprising a hollow inner member surrounded by an outer member, the wall of at least one of the members having grooves and the members of that portion, located between the grooves, extending to or to near the wall of the other member and a discharge space being formed wherein a discharge path, folded by means of the grooves, is present, the portions located between the grooves and facing the wall of the other member and extending to or to near the wall of the other member being provided with intervening portions extending in parallel with that wall.

Abstract: An incandescent radiation lamp features a novel design which provides for an infrared beam of higher radiance than similar lamps. The higher radiance beam is accomplished by a surrounding reflective screen which internally focuses the generated radiation back upon the bulb filament of the lamp. The focused radiation is then redirected by reflection from the filament, and is emitted from the lamp as an intensified beam through a small window in the surrounding reflective screen.An added benefit of the new design is the improvement in the thermal efficiency of the lamp, so that less power is required for its operation.

Abstract: Provided is a reflective lamp comprising a bulb including a front lens section and a reflective mirror section fused thereto, said front lens section consisting of glass material containing neodymium and coated on its inner surface with a first thin film reflecting infrared rays and permitting visible lights to be transmitted therethrough, said reflective mirror section consisting of glass material containing no neodymium and coated on its inner surface with a second thin film reflecting visible lights. The lamp is capable of preventing the rise in the temperature of the bulb and yet providing a sufficiently high color rendering. Further, the lamp can offer the advantage of reducing its manufacturing cost.

Abstract: An incandescent electric lamp utilizing an infrared (IR) reflector for directing IR energy back to the filament to increase its operating efficiency in which a reflector is used to redirect circulating infrared energy back to the wall of the envelope where it then can be redirected back to the filament, or reflected directly back onto the filament.

Abstract: A mount for a light emitting device, which includes a first silicon substrate provided with first holding grooves of trapezoidal cross-section for mounting optical parts arranged in the vicinity of the light emitting plane of a light emitting element and a positioning groove for the light emitting element on the surface thereof, a second silicon substrate provided with second holding grooves having a trapezoidal cross-section similar to that of the first grooves for holding the optical parts and a hole portion for inserting the light emitting element, and a covering member for air tightly covering the hole portion, whereby the optical parts and the light emitting element of the light emitting device are tightly sealed by the above-stated means. The first and second holding grooves have the silicon crystal plane of (111) as both the side surfaces of their trapezoidal cross sections, and extend in the silicon crystal orientation of <110>.

Abstract: A light-emitting display device comprising a printed wiring board impressed with a wiring pattern; a light-emitting element mounted on the printed wiring board and electrically connected to the wiring pattern; a reflector provided with a penetrating hole for receiving the light-emitting element at its lower opening and disposed on the printed wiring board, the inner wall of the penetrating hole acting as a reflection plane; a light-permeable film containing light-scattering materials and closing the upper opening of the penetrating hole; and a bonding layer containing light-scattering material, the bonding layer bonding the light-permeable film to the reflector.

Abstract: An inert gas chamber for use in continuously curing oxygen sensitive coating compositions by the application of radiation, employs a jet of inert gas to displace the air boundary layer on the coated substrate as the coated substrate moves into the chamber. The coated substrate is also blanketed with inert gas and subjected to the radiation. The use of inert gas to cool the window of the electron beam accelerator may be used in the chamber, thus avoiding ozone-based pollution.

Abstract: A high-speed, light emitting device which utilizes a solid state source for generating light for use in fiber optical communications. The source is an active, narrow band gap layer of semiconductive material between heterojunctions formed with a p.sup.+ -type material on one side of an n.sup.+ -type material on the other side. A mirror on the back of the source reflects light toward an optical fiber abutting the substrate on the front of the source. A side mirror traverses the edge of the active layer at an angle of about 45.degree. and reflects light traveling parallel to the active layer toward the optical fiber. Contacts are coupled to the semiconductor material for applying an electrical signal across the active layer to generate light. In a preferred embodiment, the active layer is GaAsSb joined to GaAlAsSb and the substrate is GaAs.

Abstract: A vacuum fluorescent display has a filament heated below incandescence and phosphor coated anodes. A foraminous charge-control electrostatic lens between the filament and the viewer both controls uniform illumination of the anodes and also comprises part of a contrast-enhancement element. An embodiment of the invention with a linear array of anodes and an analog-to-digital power supply forms a linear scale indicator.

Abstract: Various sodium vapor lamp configurations are disclosed. In one, a sodium vapor discharge tube contains an excess of sodium which is condensed in predetermined locations, as for example dimples. To prevent condensation in the aperture through which light emission is desired, the discharge tube is heated at the aperture by ohmic heating of a conductive film such as tin oxide or by fine wires. In a second configuration, the discharge tube is coated on the inside with metallic sodium, the coating being internally reflective and defining an aperture, such as a slit, through which light output is directed. The aperture area is coated with a conductive coating such as tin oxide to provide ohmic heating of the aperture area so that metallic sodium condenses on the tube in areas other than the aperture. Thus, an excess of sodium is provided to control the lamp vapor pressure and also to form a light reflective coating to direct emission through the aperture.

Abstract: A sun lamp comprising an arc tube integrally mounted in an envelope transmissive to UV-radiation. The arc tube is of the halogen metal vapor discharge lamp type and contains mercury, together with (i) at least one rare earth metal halide or (ii) iron halide. The light transmissive envelope comprises a glass which transmits large amounts of the UV-A component of ultraviolet radiation, and transmits substantially no UV-C component of the radiation. The ratio of transmitted UV-A to UV-B is similar to that in natural radiation.

Abstract: A semiconductor indicating arrangement comprises a structured contact strip on which are mounted a plurality of luminescent semiconductor elements connected by one electrode to the contact strip and connected by their other electrode to another part of the contact strip, a homogeneous plastic substance embedding the semiconductor element and the contact strip except for outer connecting parts thereof and forming a base and a light conductor above each semiconductor element and a covering casing surrounding the base of the light conductors.

Abstract: A high pressure xenon arc illuminator bulb having a sapphire window generates a broad band of ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation extending from about 180 nanometers to about 2000 nanometers.The emitted radiation in the range from about 180 to about 200 nanometers, in passing through the oxygen in the air, causes the molecules of oxygen in the form O.sub.2 to recombine to produce ozone, O.sub.3. Ozone is toxic.In the invention, a lens barrel, which holds a sapphire condensing lens, is joined to the xenon arc illuminator bulb with a lighttight and also hermetic connection. Thus, the condensing lens is optically rigid with the illuminator bulb and the ozone formed within the lens barrel is not released to the ambient environment, even though its local concentration within the lens barrel becomes high. Furthermore, the ozone confined within the lens barrel acts as an absorption filter for all of the wavelengths in the 180 to 200 nanometer band which are capable of producing ozone.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp fixture, or the lamp for use in such a fixture, has organic phosphor positioned to intercept a predetermined proportion of the radiations passing through the lamp envelope and to convert the intercepted radiations to longer wavelength radiations. The radiations passing the envelope which are not converted plus those radiations which are converted when blended together produce light suitable for illumination.

Abstract: A blown glass reflector lamp having an ellipsoidal reflector and a clear or lightly frosted face is disclosed.