Abstract: A heating device in which uniform heating of an article to be processed is possible even in the case a temperature change which leads to a loss of the uniformity of the temperature distribution in a narrowly delineated area, and in which a reduction in the size of the device is possible. The heating device has a plurality of heaters, each heater having a single bulb of transparent material in which there is a filament that is divided in the axial direction into several filament parts and the respective filament parts are supplied with power independently of each other.

Abstract: An incandescent lamp including a lamp vessel with a pinch seal at one end, at least one incandescent filament being accommodated in the interior of said lamp vessel, the incandescent filament being fixed in position in the lamp vessel by at least one electrically insulating holding element provided with filament holders wherein the holding elements are held in the lamp vessel by sections of said lamp vessel being subjected to hot shaping.

Abstract: An improved incandescent light bulb is described utilizing a textured surface filament design to improve efficacy, longevity and color temperature. Embodiments include a low voltage halogen bulb which may be mounted in a fixture containing power condition and altering circuitry. The fixture may be made so as to allow the textured filament bulb to be replaceable. The fixture may also be made so as to fit in a standard household lamp socket as a replacement for existing high voltage incandescent bulbs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrical incandescent lamp (1), in particular a halogen incandescent lamp, in which luminous element limbs (14, 16) extend in lamp vessel structural parts (42, 44), the lamp vessel structural parts surrounding the luminous element limbs in sections at a distance, and the axes of the lamp vessel structural parts (42, 44) extending at a distance from one another in order to increase the energy efficiency of the incandescent lamp, in particular if a layer (42a, 44a) which reflects IR radiation is applied to the lamp vessel structural parts. When using the pinch-sealing technology, it is possible to achieve a small system voltage halogen lamp having a long life expectancy and at the same time requiring little energy for reaching the operating temperature.

Abstract: An illumination device of high intensity light emitting diodes, produces broad illumination with high efficiency, electromagnetic compatibility, and human safety, at low manufacturing cost. Special structures of the device simultaneously provide highly efficient heat sinking, human safety protection, electromagnetic shielding, optical optimization, and 3-dimensional compatibility with traditional incandescent lamp fixtures and applications. Structures, shape, and layers of materials of the device enable industry standard safety requirements to be met.

Abstract: A base-up incandescent lamp (10) includes a coiled-coil filament (14) that has a primary wire (18) and a secondary wire (16), the primary wire (18) comprising an overwind that overlies the secondary wire (16) and provides a lower filament temperature and, therefore, less filament sag and a concomitant longer lamp life.

Abstract: An infrared light source has a filament fabricated on a first substrate in the shape of a microbridge and energizes the filament so as to generate heat, thereby causing the filament to emit infrared radiation. The infrared light source has a second substrate that is bonded to the first substrate and seals the filament, and feedthrough electrodes that lead electrodes of the filament to the outside of the first substrate. Thereby, the function of the package is imparted to the device itself, to thus realize a highly-reliable device at low cost.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lamp (1), particularly a mains-operated halogen lamp, comprising a luminous element (8) that is fixed at least at one mounting point by means of exactly one funnel-shaped recess, i.e. a knob (10a-10d), which is formed from the lamp vessel (2). Each knob (10a-10d) extends substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (L) of the lamp (1).

Abstract: A headlight lamp with at least one incandescent filament, which is surrounded by a lamp vessel. The at least one incandescent filament is constructed in such a way that during lamp operation it generates a luminous flux, the value of which is greater than a predetermined permissible maximum value for the luminous flux of the lamp. The lamp vessel has a region of reduced transparency, with the aid of which the luminous flux emerging from the headlight lamp during lamp operation is reduced to a value of less than or equal to the predetermined permissible maximum value.

Abstract: A light-emitting device comprises a light source in the form of an incandescent filament, a substantial part of which is integrated in a host element having at least one portion structured according to nanometric dimensions. The nano-structured portion is in the form of a photonic crystal or of a Bragg grating for the purpose of obtaining an amplified or increased emission of radiation in the region of the visible.

Abstract: An energy converter according to the present invention includes a heat source (radiator 1), which receives externally applied energy and raises its temperature, thereby emitting electromagnetic radiations, and a radiation cut portion (mesh 2) for cutting down infrared radiations, of which the wavelengths are longer than a predetermined wavelength. The mesh 2 is a woven or knitted mesh of metal wires. The openings of the woven or knitted mesh have an aperture size that is smaller than the predetermined wavelength.

Abstract: A pencil-type glow plug for a self-igniting internal combustion engine is described. The pencil-type glow plug includes a plug body in which a combustion chamber pressure sensor is integrated, and a bar-shaped heating element that protrudes out from the plug body at one end, into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. A force-measuring element of the combustion chamber pressure sensor is accommodated behind the heating element, which moves axially under the influence of force. The force-measuring element is sealed against combustion chamber gases by a steel diaphragm made of a stainless precipitation-hardened maraging steel.

Abstract: A fog lamp is provided with a light source bulb having a filament as a light source for emitting light, and a secondary light source formed by reflection and collection of the light from the filament; and a reflector having a reflection surface that irradiates the light from the light source bulb forward. The reflection surface of the reflector is constructed so as to irradiate the light from the secondary light source downward of the predetermined cut-off line.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric incandescent lamp, in particular a vehicle headlight, having at least one incandescent filament which is arranged within a light-permeable lamp vessel, the at least one incandescent filament having different pitch factors at its two ends. In order to increase the luminance at the light/dark boundary of the lower beam, that end of the incandescent filament which is near to the base has a lower pitch factor.

Abstract: A vibration resistant, energy efficient lamp (10) that is suitable for, for example, ceiling fan operation where vibration is always a concern. The lamp (10) comprises an envelope (12) of a suitable transparent glass, for example, a borosilicate glass, having a substantially spherical upper body (14) with a given diameter D, a substantially cylindrical waist (16) having a diameter W of about 38% of the given diameter; a neck portion (18) having a diameter N of about 31 to about 32% of the given diameter and a threaded base (20) having a diameter B of about 25 to 27% of the given diameter. The base (20) has a skirt portion (22) adjacent the neck portion having diameter S substantially equal to the neck portion (18) diameter N and larger than the diameter B of the base (20).

Abstract: The incandescent lamp, which uses a carbon cycle process, is equipped with a luminous body which, together with a fill, is introduced in a vacuum-tight manner into a bulb, the luminous body including a metal carbide, the melting point of which is above that of tungsten. The distance between the luminous body and the wall of the bulb is less than 18 mm, with a first cycle process, which is attributed to the carbon, being effected by the use of carbon and hydrogen as fill additive, and a second cycle process, which is attributed to the metal, being effected by the use of halogen.

Abstract: A blue-enriched incandescent lamp having on the interior surface of its light transmissive glass envelope a coating in accordance with an aspect of the invention. The coating contains a phosphor that is energized by the ultraviolet/violet emission (<420 nm) from the hot filament causing it to emit radiation in the range of 420 to 490 nm. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the coating contains a europium-activated barium magnesium aluminate phosphor and a blue pigment.

Abstract: A pin lead incandescent lamp may be adapted for use in wedge type sockets. Opposed planar faces may be attached to the pins, enabling coupling to corresponding socket faces. Resilient U shaped pieces may be welded to the pins providing a simple coupling with a secure spring or friction coupling to standard wedge type socket.

Abstract: A light filament (206) formed from carbon nanotubes is characterized by high mechanical strength and durability at elevated temperatures, a high surface area to volume ratio, and high emissivity. Additionally, electrical resistance of the light filament does not increase with increasing temperature as much as electrical resistance of conventional metallic light filaments. Accordingly, power consumption of the light filament is low at incandescent operating temperatures.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an improved Christmas bulb structure, which comprises: a bulb shell; two conductive wire, extending from the interior of the bulb shell to the exterior of the bulb shell; an insulator, separating those two conductive wires; an elastic platelet, installed between those two conductive wires; a tungsten filament, with its two ends separately connecting the elastic platelet and one of those two conductive wires; and a transverse conductive wire, installed inside the insulator and between those two conductive wires; when the Christmas bulb structure is electrically powered, the other conductive wire will contact the elastic platelet, and the tungsten filament will be lit on. The present invention is characterized in that the transverse conductive wire enables the Christmas bulb structure to possess two current paths; thereby, the present invention can obtain a diversified lighting effect, and the cost can be lowered.

Abstract: An image-forming device having, in an envelope, an electron-emitting element, an image-forming member for forming an image by irradiation of an electron beam emitted from the electron-emitting element, and an electroconductive supporting member for supporting the envelope. The potential of the supporting member is controlled to not be higher than the maximum potential applied to the electron-emitting element. The electron-emitting element and the image-forming member can be placed in juxtaposition on the same substrate, an electro-conductive substrate can be additionally provided in opposition to the face of the substrate, and the supporting member can be connected electrically to one of the electrodes and also to the electro-conductive substrate.

Abstract: The incandescent lamp is equipped with a luminous element which is hermetically inserted in a bulb together with a filling, the luminous element having a metal carbide whose melting point is above that of tungsten. The supply lead is fabricated integrally with the luminous element from a wire and provided with an electrically conducting coating which decisively improves the impact strength and make-proofness.

Abstract: A filament assembly employs one set of primary filament coils (200) disposed in a spiral around one axis of revolution (220) is connected to one set of secondary filament coils (202) by a spacer (205) including at least two coils (205a and 205b) connected to the primary filament coils (200) and the secondary filament coils (202). The coils (205a and 205b) establish at least two attachment points for attachment of the spacer (205) to a hook (207a) of a metal current supply rod (207).

Abstract: An improved support is provided for locating a lamp filament axially within a lamp sleeve. The illustrated support is a spiral coil that includes a small diameter center portion that makes contact with the filament. On either side of the filament-contacting portion, the coil opens up to larger diameters for contacting the inner wall of the quartz sleeve within which the filament is housed. The support thus appears H-shaped when viewed from the side. A lamp filament is also provided with expansion compensation sections at either end of a central section. The filament wire in the compensation sections is wound into coils having a greater diameter and also a greater spacing between windings, as compared to coil in the central section. The expansion compensation sections are preferably capable of compressing and thereby absorbing thermal expansion of the filament during operation, without shorting the filament across adjacent windings.

Abstract: A system and apparatus for controlled fusion in a field reversed configuration (FRC) magnetic topology and conversion of fusion product energies directly to electric power. Preferably, plasma ions are magnetically confined in the FRC while plasma electrons are electrostatically confined in a deep energy well, created by tuning an externally applied magnetic field. In this configuration, ions and electrons may have adequate density and temperature so that upon collisions they are fused together by the nuclear force, thus forming fusion products that emerge in the form of an annular beam. Energy is removed from the fusion product ions as they spiral past electrodes of an inverse cyclotron converter. Advantageously, the fusion fuel plasmas that can be used with the present confinement and energy conversion system include advanced (aneutronic) fuels.

Abstract: A three-dimensional structure in the form of filament (6) for an incandescent lamp comprises a plurality of tungsten microfilaments (6A) having micrometric and/or nanometric dimensions, to form a photonic crystal structure. The microfilaments (6A) are arranged so as to form a series of microcavities in the three-dimensional structure (6), a means having a refraction index different from that of tungsten being present within said microcavities. The described arrangement makes it possible to prevent propagation and spontaneous emission of IR radiation of specific wavelenghts e allows at the same time propagation and spontaneous emission of visible radiation.

Abstract: A 3-way halogen light bulb.

Abstract: An incandescent electric lamp having a tungsten filament embedded in tightly-packed layers of optically transparent, thermally insulating particles of substantially consistent size and shape and surrounded by an optically transparent, infra-red reflective coating, to provide a high efficiency, cool lighting system.

Abstract: The invention relates to an incandescent lamp for a motor vehicle headlight. The secondary filament (2) is arranged in such a way that, in a projection plane that is arranged perpendicular to the reference plane (B), the edge (2a), facing the antidazzle device (4), of the image, projected onto the projection plane, of the second incandescent filament (2) is arranged over the entire length of the second incandescent filament (2) between the reference axis (A) and the antidazzle device (4), and the edge (2a), facing the antidazzle device (4), of the image, projected to the scale 1:1 onto the projection plane, of the second incandescent filament (2) has a prescribed spacing from the reference axis (A). It is thereby possible to produce the light/dark boundary for the lower beam with the aid of the edge (2a) of the secondary filament image (2).

Abstract: A light source composed of a planar, or substantially level, flat or curved, rigid or flexible, matrix of microfilaments integrated on a single substrate and capable of emitting light by incandescence when supplied by an electric current.

Abstract: A light source, in particular incandescent lamp, with a bulb (1), and filament (2) arranged in the bulb (1), and a heating device (3) for the filament (2), the filament (2) emitting both visible light and heat radiation, is designed and constructed with respect to a high conversion efficiency between electric power and visible light output such that the heating device (3) includes a heating element (4) for the indirect heating of the filament (2).

Abstract: A current generator for the production of a reference current includes a first P type transistor, a source of which is connected to a first pole of a resistor and a gate of which is connected to a second pole of the resistor. The reference current flows in the resistor with a value that is a function of a threshold voltage of the first transistor. The current generator further includes a second N type transistor whose drain, gate and source are connected respectively to the second pole of the resistor, the first pole of the resistor and the drain of the first resistor. The second transistor is configured to operate in saturation mode.

Abstract: This invention is related to a halo bulb, which consists of a bulb body, a filament and a conducting wire. The filament in the bulb body was conducted out from the tail of the bulb body by the conducting wire. The head of the bulb body is a solid, the outside is a concave circular arc and the inside is a triangle. The filament is connected to the conducting wire in a straight line. The bulb of the present invention has a higher luminosity and can use fully the light emitted from the filament. Because of the special structure in the bulb body, the light beam emitted by the bulb forms beautiful patterns. For example, it can form directly eye-shaped or solar eclipse-like aureola halo patterns. The invention opened the market of Christmas bulb and bulb string and changed the simple condition of Christmas bulb. The bulb of the present invention, with the beam and halo background patterns, can provide better light and vision effect.

Abstract: An electric lighting device which simulates the look of a wax candle. The device includes a body formed of relatively high melting temperature candle wax. A longitudinal channel runs between a top portion and a bottom portion of the body. In the bottom portion radial channels provided between the longitudinal channel and the circumferentional surface of the body. These channels provide ventilation to the candle body when the lighting device is in operation. A fix unit is also provided which has openings adapted to a line with the channels in the body so that air circulation is maintained when the candle body is placed in the base unit.

Abstract: A light emitting device comprises a gate electrode, a channel comprising a molecule for electrically stimulated optical emission, wherein the molecule is disposed within an effective range of the gate electrode, a source coupled to a first end of the channel injecting electrons into the channel, and a drain coupled to a second end of the channel injecting holes into the channel.

Abstract: A luminous material comprising a rubber, glass or plastics material matrix. A luminescent material is dispersed throughout the matrix, and a colorant dispersed throughout the matrix. The colourant gives the matrix a colour when it is observed under substantially white light, and the colourant allowing substantial transmission of light emitted by the luminous material.

Abstract: Discharge lamp includes a synthetic quartz glass tube having an inside diameter of 8 mm or over and a pair of filaments provided within and at opposite ends of the glass tube with an L (cm) filament-to-filament distance, and rare gas and metal including at least mercury are sealed in the interior of the glass tube. Lamp voltage V (V) and lamp current I (A) during illumination of the discharge lamp, filament-to-filament distance L (cm) and inside diameter D (cm) of the glass tube have relationship represented by the following mathematical expression. Namely, (V−Vf)/L=X/({square root over ( )}D·{square root over ( )}I) and 2.6≦X≦4.2, where Vf is a constant factor depending solely on a illuminating power source and where that if the discharge lamp is illuminated by a high-frequency power source of 1 kHz or over, Vf is 10, but if the discharge lamp is illuminated by a power source of 1 kHz or below, Vf is 50.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-pressure discharge lamp comprising a discharge vessel which is enclosed, with clearance, by an outer bulb. The outer bulb is closed at one end by a lamp cap. The lamp is provided with an ignition circuit including at least a series arrangement of a glow starter and an ohmic impedance. According to the invention, the ohmic impedance is formed by a halogen incandescent lamp.

Abstract: A lamp with a reflector in which a lamp is fixed firmly inside a reflector by fixing the lamp inside the reflector without using an adhesive. The lamp with a reflector includes a lamp having a base at one end and a reflector including, at one end of its reflecting surface, a hole into which the base of the lamp is inserted and an opening portion at the other end. The base is maintained in the hole, so that the lamp is positioned inside the reflector. The lamp is fixed inside the reflector by fitting a hollow metal fitting into the hole, inserting the base into the hollow metal fitting, and then combining the base and the hollow metal fitting into one component by welding. The position of the lamp inside the reflector can be adjusted easily and no process for drying an adhesive is required.

Abstract: A filament array for an incandescent lamp comprises at least five filament sections (10) having their longitudinal axes parallel with one another and, when viewed in plan, being arranged substantially symmetrically in a polygonal configuration around the lamp axis. The filament sections are wound from a single wire and are electrically connected together in series by means of linking sections (18, 19, 20) of said wire extending between corresponding ends of the filament sections, with alternate linking sections being positioned at opposite ends of the filament sections. The linking sections at the two ends of the array are supported by a set of support members (30, 31) extending from respective frame members (34, 35). The electrical input and output (14, 15) of the array are through terminal wire sections on opposite or substantially opposite sides of the array.

Abstract: A photonically engineered incandescence is disclosed. The emitter materials and photonic crystal structure can be chosen to modify or suppress thermal radiation above a cutoff wavelength, causing the emitter to selectively emit in the visible and near-infrared portions of the spectrum. An efficient incandescent lamp is enabled thereby. A method for fabricating a three-dimensional photonic crystal of a structural material, suitable for the incandescent emitter, is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention is related to a reflector lamp comprising a parabolic primary reflecting section, a parabolic or spheric secondary reflecting section joined to the primary reflecting section, a parabolic or spheric tertiary reflecting section joined to the secondary reflecting section, and an incandescent or discharge light source. The secondary and tertiary reflecting sections have faceted surfaces which longitudinally extend along the surface thereof so that most (at least 50%) or substantially all the light reflected by the faceted surfaces avoids the light source and thus the light, which would be absorbed or scattered by the light source, is minimized or substantially eliminated.

Abstract: The electric discharge lamp comprises a shell (1) having an axis (2), which shell accommodates a starter (3) and pin-shaped contacts (4) extending in an axial direction. A cover (27), which is coupled to a discharge vessel (20), is attached to the shell (1). Pairs (23) of current conductors (24) emanate from the discharge vessel (20). The conductors (24) of each pair (23) are clamped, in a direction transverse to the axis (2), by first and second (6) forked contact elements, which are secured in the shell (1) and are directed towards the cover (27). The lamp is of a simple construction, which can be readily produced.

Abstract: An incandescent light, which uses a rotating, liquefied filament. The rotating filament consists of a thin layer of filament metal deposited on the interior convex surface of a refractory filament mount, which is inside the torus. The filament device is designed to rotate at a speed sufficient to prevent the metal from boiling off from, or breaking away from, the refractory surface of the filament mount as it rotates. The rotational speed of the torus will create a centrifugal force greater than the thermal forces, which would otherwise destroy the molecular integrity of the filament metal. The temperature of the deposited filament metal will exceed its normal melting point as it rotates. As it becomes hotter it will luminesce more in exponential proportion to the current applied to the rotating torus filament assembly.

Abstract: An infrared lamp with a closed-off enveloping tube which encloses an emission source joined with contacts for a power supply in the form of a carbon ribbon which, extending in a direction of a long axis of the enveloping tube, determines an irradiation length of the infrared lamp in the sense of a higher irradiation output. The carbon ribbon has a length which is larger than the irradiation length by a factor of at least 1.5. With a procedure for heating a material to be processed using the infrared lamp, which makes possible short processing times in connection with a simultaneous high degree of energy efficiency, the infrared lamp may be operated such that its maximum emission lies within a wavelength range from 1.8 &mgr;m to 2.9 &mgr;m, and such that its power output comes to at least 15 Watts per cm3 of the volume enclosed by the enveloping tube over the irradiation length.

Abstract: To devise an incandescent bulb for a motor vehicle with a new arrangement which can withstand vibration during driving of a motor vehicle to a sufficient degree, an envelope is provided with a unilateral sealed portion which is preferably made of a glass that has quartz as the main component; at least two feed lines extend as inner leads into the envelope; and at least one filament coil of which the main component is tungsten and which forms an emission part, has one end connected to one of the lines and the other end connected to the other of the feed lines, and the filament coil has a spring constant of at least 25 g/mm and a weight of at most 100 mg. Furthermore, advantageously, the inner leads are made of a material of which the main component is molybdenum, and the diameter of the inner leads is at least 0.48 mm.

Abstract: This invention relates to C type bulb center column construction., The main characteristic consists in a mass to combine the tie two lead wires, should combine central pivot tie of mass a the center tube present the cross shape, make two lead wires because of in the center tube however compartment two side end. Make the tungsten silk anti because of concentration by two the sides keep a safe space to let divide equally draw apart get anti is interlacing short, and the drubbing one construction do not share the space and then order the lamp turn down the heat energy to lift to increase the service life. This case differ early times center column depend on oviduct, center column composition piece complicated, manufacture to do not occupy the bigger space easily to wait for the defect, energy doubly life compliant reduction production process, promote the quality stability application capability.

Abstract: An environmentally favorable method is described for treating an incandescent lamp with a heat curable substantially organic solvent free silicone composition to improve the shatter resistance of the lamp.

Abstract: An incandescent lamp element comprises an envelope and a filament (10) supported therein by a plurality of spaced supports. The filament comprises a helical coil of wire with sections (20, 21) having at least two different pitches. The first sections (20) have a pitch which enables the filament to be operated at a required colour temperature, and the second sections have a pitch which enables the filament to be supported by the supports.

Abstract: To eliminate the need for a cap provided only for coloring the light of a wedge-base bulb, and to eliminate the requirement for a multi-colored front lens of a vehicle identification lamp, a colored coating is formed on the surface of a glass bulb of a wedge-base bulb. The bulb is dipped in a color coating and a rib and/or groove is provided between the bulb and a base portion of the wedge-base bulb to prevent the coating from adhering to the base portion where terminals are disposed.