Abstract: A traffic lamp has a helical coil filament arranged in a pattern with no angles or sharp bends and with each convolution of the coil substantially tangent to the focal plane of the lamp. The filament may be generally in the pattern of the lower case Greek letter Omega and is supported on seven support wires, so that the same filament length can be used for both 120-volt and 240-volt applications. In one embodiment, the lamp has two filaments arranged as arcs of a common circle lying substantially in the focal plane, each arc being supported on three support wires, the filaments being respectively connected in series with diodes so that the filaments respectively conduct on alternate half cycles of the AC source voltage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a light bulb comprising a base BA to which a filament FIL is connected, which filament is intended to emita luminous radiation and has turns arranged in spiraling fashion around an axis of revolution AX. Accoring to the invention,the light blub in addition comprises a plurality of hooks H1, H2, and H3, each being in contact with one of the turns of the filament, and being connected to the base BA by means of a support SUP. The invention enables to keep the filament FIL securely in position, which reduces the risk that several turns of said filament will come into contact with the support SUP, thus creating a destructive short-circuit.

Abstract: The electric discharge lamp comprises a shell (1) having an axis (2), which shell accommodates a starter (3) and pin-shaped contacts (4) extending in an axial direction. A cover (27), which is coupled to a discharge vessel (20), is attached to the shell (1). Pairs (23) of current conductors (24) emanate from the discharge vessel (20). The conductors (24) of each pair (23) are clamped, in a direction transverse to the axis (2), by first and second (6) forked contact elements, which are secured in the shell (1) and are directed towards the cover (27). The lamp is of a simple construction, which can be readily produced.

Abstract: A filament lamp for an emission of yellow light, with a color film which is formed on the surface of the bulb, where the color film is essentially composed of a combined oxide of titanium, nickel and antimony. The color film may have a ratio of titanium, nickel and antimony to one another in a weight ratio of 5.6 to 8.6:3.6 to 6.6:1.0 to 1.8. Also, the color film may be a sintered coating formed by admixing a solution A produced by dissolving a nickel salt and an antimony salt in an organic solvent, addition of a titanium alkoxide and reaction of the reaction mixture; and addition of a stabilizer which forms a chelate with titanium with a solution B produced in substantially the same manner as solution A. The solutions A and B contain nickel nitrate-6-hydrate, antimony trioxide, tetraisopropoxy titanium, acetyl acetone, and/or water.

Abstract: A light source(10) includes a bulb (14) having a pair of outer leads (16,17) extending therefrom in parallel and sealed directly in the glass stem (22), whereby the outer leads (16,17) and the input leads in the glass stem (22) are the same. A protective shroud (30) surrounding the light source (10) may be supported by a metal member (40) welded to one of the leads between the stem (22) and the light source (10). The metal member carries a strap (43) seated in a circumferential constriction (36) of the shroud (30), which may be a commercially available glass vial. In another embodiment, horseshoe-shaped members (18,19) having mutually opposed concavities are welded to respective leads (16,17) and a shroud (30) is locally heated to form a circumferential constriction (36) which shrinks into the concavities, thereby supporting the shroud internally. Alternatively, the shroud can be shrunk directly against the pinch (15) so that it converges toward the open end (35) where it engages leads (16,17).

Abstract: A programmable gradual illumination device (10) for disposition intermediate a conventional light fixture (100) and a conventional light bulb (200). The device (10) includes a housing member (20) having a threaded base element (21) dimensioned to engage the light fixture (100) and a threaded socket element (22) adapted to receive the base end (201) of the light bulb (200). The housing member (20) is provided with a programmable timer unit (13) and a variable resistance unit (12) which are operatively connected to a control unit (14) which includes a selector switch (50) and circuitry that will allow electrical current to flow directly from the fixture (100) to the bulb (200) from the fixture (100) through the programmable timer unit (13) to the bulb (200) and from the fixture (100) through both the programmable timer unit (13) and the variable resistance unit (12) to the bulb (200) for different lighting conditions.

Abstract: The electric incandescent lamp has a sintered glass plate (1) through which current conductors (2) and a metal tube (3) extend. An incandescent body (4) is connected to said current conductors (2) aligned with respect to the sintered plate (1). A glass bulb (5) is present over the incandescent body (4), gastight secured to the sintered plate (1) by means of enamel (6). A water getter (20) and a heavy gas at an elevated pressure are present inside the glass bulb (5). The lamp may consume a relatively high power and may be relatively small, but nevertheless has a relatively long life.

Abstract: The invention relates to non-sag tungsten wire for being used in light sources or heating elements, which tungsten wire is prepared from a tungsten block by powder metallurgy process with thermomechanical technique, and has an overlapped crystal structure after recrystallization and contains a dopant material. The essential feature of the tungsten wire according to the invention is that as the dopant material, it contains at least one of the following additive materials: lanthanum/III/oxide, cerium dioxide.

Abstract: An arrangement is used with a light bulb for emitting fragrance. The arrangement has a ring or other shaped member made of a first polymer. The first polymer has a first low melting point which is about a first temperature at a spaced location from the surface of the light bulb when it is lit. A volatilizable fragrance is combined with the first polymer for being volatilized from the first polymer when the ring member is exposed to the first temperature. A plurality of feet extend inwardly of the ring member for engaging the surface of a light bulb to maintain the ring member at the spaced location on the light bulb. These spacer feet are made of a second polymer having a second high melting point compared to the first low melting point. The second melting point is above a second temperature at the surface of the light bulb when it is lit.

Abstract: The electric lamp has a quartz glass lamp vessel (1) having first and second neck-shaped portions (2, 3) with first and second seals (4, 5). Current supply conductors (6, 7, 8; 9, 10, 11) consist of a metal foil (7, 10) embedded in the respective seal (4, 5), an inner (6, 9) and an outer current wire (8, 11) connected hereto. A seal ends with a closed fracture surface (14) through which an outer current wire (8, 11) extends. Favorably, the edge (13) of the fracture surface (14) has some small indentations (16) adjacent the origin of the fracture (19). The total length of the lamp is about 2 mm less than that of its conventional counterpart.

Abstract: An infrared thermal lamp, which has a filament mounted to the lower end of a support rod downwardly extending from a stem of a base, is disclosed. The infrared thermal lamp includes an insulating plate having an anchoring slot at the center for receiving the lower end of the support rod in a semi-melted state. Thus, the insulating plate is fixedly mounted to the support rod, and the anchoring slot is opened at the top end and is closed at the bottom end and has an enlarged diameter at the bottom end, thereby improving productivity, saving labor, automating the mounting process of the insulating plate, and reducing production cost.

Abstract: The invention, an incandescent light source, radiates a significantly larger portion of its power within the visible spectrum by enclosing an electrically heated tungsten filament, the radiant primary, within a cavity bounded by a two-layer refractory oxide composite, the radiant secondary. The scattering and absorption coefficients of both layers are manipulated such that the inner layer is substantially absorbing in both the visible and the IR, while the outer layer, though optically thick across the spectrum, is substantially absorbing (and therefore substantially emissive) in the visible while being highly reflective in the IR High temperature cavity radiation established by the radiant primary is absorbed by the inner layer of the secondary, thereby heating both layers such that they radiate brilliantly.

Abstract: The invention relates to a glass composition for electric lamps which glass composition comprises SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, Na.sub.2 O, K.sub.2 O, Li.sub.2 O, B.sub.2 O.sub.3, BaO and SrO and optionally CaO, MgO, ZnO, P.sub.2 O.sub.5, Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, MnO.sub.2, Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 and/or CeO.sub.2. The composition according to the invention has a B.sub.2 O.sub.3 content of 1 to 2.8 mass %, a SrO content of 2.1 to 4.5 mass %, a BaO content of 3 to 6 mass % and of the components being present optionally, the amount of CaO is maximum 1 mass %, that of MgO is maximum 2.4 mass % and that of ZnO is maximum 3 mass %, on the condition that the total amount of SrO and B.sub.2 O.sub.3 is at least 3.6 mass %, the total amount of CaO and MgO is maximum 2.4 mass % and the total amount of MgO and ZnO is maximum 4.5 mass %.

Abstract: An automotive lamp bulb is provided that is easy to assemble. A glass bulb has a tip with a short projection at its upper end. A common lead wire is secured in a neck portion of the glass bulb with the aid of a bead. The bead makes it possible to shorten the upper end of the glass bulb. The use of the bead also makes it easier to align the common lead wire with the neck portion. Because the bead is interposed therebetween, the common lead wire is allowed to slide in relation to the glass bulb, thus making it possible to use inexpensive hard glass. Consequently, an inexpensive and compact automotive lamp bulb can be easily manufactured.

Abstract: A conductive pin (4) for an illumination lamp is made of CuNi-alloy including by weight, 10-30% Ni and 70-90% Cu.

Abstract: The lamp according to the invention has a metal holder part 2 with a rece in which the pinch seal 10 of the lamp bulb 1 is clampingly fixed with the aid of a plurality of support tabs 21a, 21b, 22a, 22b, 23a, 23b. In order to reduce the danger of damage to the pinch seal 10 when the lamp is being mounted on its base, the pinch seal 10 is tapered is graduated fashion toward the base, and all the support tabs 21a, 21b, 22a, 22b, 23a, 23b that act upon the pinch seal 10 are oriented toward the broad sides of the pinch seal 10, which is substantially rectangular in cross section, while the narrow sides of the pinch seal 10 are located in the holder part 2 without touching it. The narrow sides of the pinch seal (10) are retained in the holder (2) spaced from the holder. Guide ribs (50a, 50b) are formed on the pinch seal (10) positioned off-center, and laterally relatively staggered.

Abstract: Energy conversion among heat or electricity and incandescent light is achieved, in the case of incandescent light emission, with the emission having reduced IR content, using a high band gap semiconductor element that is tailored in structure and in energy conversion physics to suppress free carrier absorption so as to be transparent or reflecting of photon energy that is below the band gap of the semiconductor and to only emit photon energy above the band gap of the semiconductor. A filament of lightly "N" doped 3C-SiC, at about 900 degrees C., will incandesce and radiate in the visible range for energies greater than about 2 eV and will exhibit inefficient emission of photons for energies less than about 2 eV.

Abstract: A lamp which provides substantially uniform illumination over a predetermined area which includes a glass envelope having a lensed end and a curved filament contained within the envelope. The filament contains a plurality of coils which are disposed in a concave orientation with respect to the lensed end.

Abstract: A night light includes: a light bulb (10) that produces light when excited by an electric power supply; a phosphorescent element (18) disposed near the light bulb (10) for storing light from the light bulb (10) and re-emitting the light when the light bulb (10) is turned off; and a transparent cover case (15) containing the light bulb (10) and having a face plate (16) disposed on one side of the cover case (15) wherein the phosphorescent element (18) is disposed at least on the opposite side of the cover case (15) from the face plate (16) so that light emitted from the phosphorescent element (18) illuminates the transparent cover case (15). The phosphorescent element (18) is capable of absorbing and storing light and re-emitting the light in an emergency event when the electricity is cut off so as to provide illumination for emergency evacuation.

Abstract: An improved coiled-coil filament for use in an incandescent lamp has a primary coil winding with a substantially uniform spacing between successive coil turns. The primary coil winding is wound around a second mandrel in a manner to provide a main coil body and leg portions extending therefrom. A helical bend is formed between the main coil body and the leg portions thereby allowing that the leg portions extend toward a seal region of the lamp envelope in a substantially parallel relation to each other. Once the main coil body has been set in shape, the first and second mandrels are removed such that the leg portions are disposed in the seal region of the lamp envelope in a spaceless, and optional spudless manner.

Abstract: A subminiature incandescent lamp has a substantially cylindrical base to which a glass envelope enclosing the interior of the lamp is sealed. A pair of contact wires or pins are made of a metal alloy that has substantially the same thermal expansion coefficient as the glass base. The contact pins are embedded and sealed to the glass base in a gas-tight manner, with a glass-to-metal seal. The contact pins extend below the base to provide external connections of the lamp to a power source. The pins also extend into the interior of the lamp, and provide electrical contact to a filament which is mounted between them. A filament support wire is anchored in the glass base at one end thereof and has a loop at its other end in which the mid-section of the filament rests and is mechanically supported.

Abstract: The electric incandescent lamp has a filament (2) centrically supported in a tubular envelope (1) by constrictions (6) in the envelope at areas where a refractory metal member (7) short-circuits turns (3') of the filament. The refractory metal member (7) is a sleeve around the filament (2).

Abstract: The present invention is a thin filament embedded in a low density aerogel for use in radiation detection instruments and incandescent lamps. The aerogel provides a supportive matrix that is thermally and electrically nonconductive, mechanically strong, highly porous, gas-permeable, and transparent to ionizing radiation over short distances. A low density, open-cell aerogel is cast around a fine filament or wire, which allows the wire to be positioned with little or no tension and keeps the wire in place in the event of breakage. The aerogel support reduces the stresses on the wire caused by vibrational, gravitational, electrical, and mechanical forces.

Abstract: The capped electric lamp has a quartz glass lamp vessel (1) with a first neck-shaped portion (2) which is kept fixed by the cap (20). First (4) and second (5) current supply conductors (4, 5) emanate from the neck-shaped portions (2 resp. 3) and are connected to contact members (24 resp. 25) of the cap, the second supply conductor (5) via a connecting conductor (7). The joint of the connection conductor (7) to a molybdenum end portion (5a) of the second supply conductor (5) is a butt weld (9). The joint is solid and reliable. An insulator tube (8) may be present around the connection conductor (7) and fixation means (10, 11 ) may be present to immobilize the tube.

Abstract: A base for a position-dependent lamp comprises an inner shell, an outer shell, an aperture in said outer shell, and a hollow pin projecting from said aperture, said pin having a substantially tubular body with a pair of oppositely disposed wings extending from an end thereof, said wings having a length about two and one half to three times the height of said body and being sandwiched between said inner shell and said outer shell. The extended wings add stability to the pin and eliminate the use of lead-based solder in the lamp manufacture.

Abstract: Structures in electrodes such as filaments for electric lamps and the like are subject to heat corrosion and/or erosion or evaporation during use. The electrodes are coated with synthetic diamond which serves to protect the operating or exposed portion or portions of the electrodes from corrosion and/or erosion. Where the electrode is a filament employed to generate and emit radiation including light energy for illumination, the coating is thin enough to be transmissive of the light energy generated when the electrode is electrically energized. Similarly if the electrode is used in the generation of an arc or electron beam, the synthetic diamond coating serves to protect the core material of the electrode from erosion and/or corrosion while permitting the radiant energy to be transmitted therethrough. If the electrode is a filament in a light bulb, the side wall and end wall thereof heated to incandescense are coated with such protective light transmitting material.

Abstract: A microlamp including a polysilicon filament coated with a protective layer and enclosed by a window in a vacuum-sealed cavity.

Abstract: A reflector lamp includes a temperature resistant, plastic, tubular neck extender. The neck extender is disposed between a reflector and a base and is attached to the reflector and the base. The extender can be attached to the reflector by clamping eyelets or, alternatively, by an adhesive. The resulting lamp can be used in recessed lighting fixtures.

Abstract: A replaceable lamp assembly for automotive headlamps includes an incandescent lamp having a pinch seal mounted on a plastic base by means of a one piece sheet metal holder. One end of the holder clamps around the pinch seal of the lamp and the other end is secured to the plastic base via a pair of leg portions each having a spherical gimballed end RF welded to the base.

Abstract: A light source includes a reflector, a lamp and a securing mechanism firmly fixing the lamp to the reflector. The reflector includes a reflecting portion and a central hollow neck portion having an inner surface. The lamp includes an envelope provided with a pinch-sealed portion; a light emitting component accommodated in the envelope; and current feedthroughs electrically connected to the light emitting components and passing through the pinch-sealed portion to project outwardly from the envelope. The securing mechanism includes a first metal sleeve tightly surrounding the pinch-sealed portion of the envelope; a second metal sleeve lining the inner surface of the neck portion of the reflector and surrounding the first metal sleeve; and clamping components affixed to the second sleeve. The clamping components fit into the hollow neck portion and encase the inner surface thereof from two opposite sides. The first and second metal sleeves are fixedly secured to one another.

Abstract: The electric lamp is provided with a cap (3) having a base (9) of insulating material bearing a metal disc (4) on an outer surface thereof. The disc (4) and the base (9) have an opening (10) through which a current supply conductor (6) extends, that is attached to the disc (4) by means of solder (11). A girdle of holes (12) in the disc (4) surrounds the opening (10) and the solder (11). The girdle of holes (12) prevents the soldering flux and the solder (11) from flowing over the whole surface of the disc, thereby limiting the amount of flux and solder used.

Abstract: A cadmium free bug lamp which emits a yellow color when energized and which has very low emission in the range of from 310-380 nm employs a coating wherein the yellow emitting pigment is a rutile TiO.sub.2 containing minor amounts of antimony and chromium in the rutile crystal lattice.

Abstract: An orifice plate for a glass ribbon machine has an orifice provided with a side wall having a continuously variable angle. When used for making envelopes for incandescent lamps, the plate provides stronger bulbs.

Abstract: A miniature surface mount style lamp is disclosed which can be assembled relatively quickly, easily and inexpensively. A pair of closed metal end caps are conductively adhered to the opposed ends of a bulb envelope having a pair of exposed filament leads protruding from either end. In some embodiments, the filament leads are in physical contact with the end caps. In other embodiments, the electrical connection between the end caps and the filament leads is provided only by the conductive adhesive.

Abstract: An incandescent lamp is provided with a phosphor coating on its lamp envelope. The phosphor coating alters the spectral distribution of radiation emitted by the lamp and acts as a diffuser. In one embodiment, the phosphor coating absorbs radiation at wavelengths below 500 nanometers and emits radiation at wavelengths above 500 nanometers to provide an improved bugfoiler lamp. In another embodiment, the phosphor coating absorbs radiation in the ultraviolet, violet and blue wavelength range and emits radiation at longer wavelengths that more effectively stimulate the human eye.

Abstract: A ring-shaped glass bulb includes a ring-shaped light permeable hollow body having opposite ends each disposed at a prescribed distance from one to the other, and a filament arranged in the hollow body of the bulb. The outer-most edge portion of the outer ring edge of one of the ends of the bulb is disposed at at least the intersecting point between an outer circumferential line extending from the outer-most edge portion of the outer ring edge of the other end of the bulb and a tangent line extending from the inner-most edge portion of the inner ring edge of the other end of the bulb. A desirable prescribed distance between the opposite ends of the bulb is equal to or greater than 30 mm.

Abstract: An optical light source device includes a source member providing the emission of electromagnetic radiation wavelengths in the optical region of the spectrum, and at least one cavity waveguide member coupled with the electromagnetic radiation source member having a predetermined lateral dimension. The cavity waveguide member and predetermined dimension restrict the emission of electromagnetic radiation in the long wavelength non-visible infra-red range. In a preferred embodiment, the optical light source is formed with an array of optical light source members and associated cavity waveguide members.

Abstract: In an incandescent lamp, comprising a translucent envelope (2) having flattened end (3) of rectangular cross-section, a base element (5) surrounding the flattened end part (3) and having rectangular cross-section, two current lead-ins (7a, 7b) connected with an incandescent body (4) arranged within the envelope (2) and with the base element (5) and thereby with a connecting cable (8), a centering plate (6) with a rectangular opening for receiving the base element (5), wherein the centering plate (6) is made with at least one flange element (10) arranged on the side of the centering plate (6) not facing the envelope (2), the base element (5) being made with thinner plate than the centering plate (6), a locating body (9) stepwisely shaped for receiving the flange element (10) is applied, the locating body (9) made with thinner wall than the centering plate (6) is fixed on the base element (5), has an edge (14) separated from the base element (5) by a gap, wherein the edge (14) of the locating body (9) covers at

Abstract: An elongated tubular lamp such as an arc lamp or tungsten halogen lamp mounted in a reflector or lamp mount by means of a long and a short mount wire is more resistant to breaking off the mount wires if the short mount wire is smaller in diameter than the long mount wire, but not smaller than the diameter of the lamp lead wire to which it is welded in combination with the lamp lead wire being molybdenum alloy having a recrystallization temperature at least about 200.degree. C. higher than molybdenum.

Abstract: The electric lamp has a hollow body (20) of synthetic material in its lamp cap (6), which screens a current supply conductor (11) extending to a base contact member (8) of the lamp cap from the shell portion (13) of the lamp cap (6). The body (20) has projections (22) distributed over it, which bear with clamping fit on the shell portion (13).

Abstract: The electric lamp has ceramic lamp caps (7, 8) secured to the lamp vessel (1) without the use of cement. This is realized by securing the cable (9) to the current supply conductor (5) after the lamp cap (7) has been provided. Securing is made possible by the shape of the lamp cap (7) which has a cavity (13) for the seal (2) of conductor (5), which duct runs into a recess (14) for the cable (9). A bore (15) enables the cable (9) to be connected to the current supply conductor (5) after the lamp cap (7) has been provided.

Abstract: A vapor-generating electric lamp includes a sealed lamp envelop having a concave depression therein, an incandescent filament mounted within the lamp envelope, a lamp base, and a replaceable, solid insert in the concave depression. The insert produces a scent when it is warmed by heat from the filament. Preferably, the insert is a polyamide impregnated with a scent and includes a portion that matches the shape of the depression in the lamp envelope. The depression for holding the insert is preferably located at the opposite end of the lamp from the base. When the lamp is used in a base-down orientation, the insert is held in the depression by gravity.

Abstract: A resiliently mounted miniature incandescent lamp assembly.

Abstract: Thin film interference filters consisting of alternating layers of tantala and silica suitable for high temperature use on electric lamps have been made by heat treating at 550.degree.-675.degree. C. before using the filters at high temperature. Tungsten halogen lamps made with such heat treated filters have been thermally cycled for thousands of cycles at 900.degree. C. with no film loss and with satisfactory optical performance.

Abstract: Electric lamp having a lamp envelope and a synthetic material lamp bowl which is secured to the lamp envelope and is provided with a lamp cap (7). The lamp envelope, on its side facing the lamp bowl, is provided with a plurality of projecting plate-shaped members extending substantially parallel to the lamp axis (A-B). The inner wall of the lamp bowl has ribs which also extend substantially parallel to the lamp axis. The plate shaped members engage the ribs to secure the lamp envelope to the lamp bowl.

Abstract: The tubular electric incandescent lamp has at its ends metal hoods, to which current supply conductors are secured. The metal hoods are accommodated in an insulator housing provided with an opening, through which a contact member extends to the exterior. The contact member is a metal strap with resilient tongues, which engage a metal hood behind a collar. The insulator housing has a tapering slot with a widened part, in which free end portions of the metal strap are enclosed. The unit of contact member and housing thus obtained is undetachably connected to the lamp in that it is axially slipped around the metal hood.

Abstract: A rough service incandescent lamp having a flexible arbor comprised of a stainless steel member that joins a glass stem press to a filament mounting structure is disclosed. The stainless member is selected to have a coefficient of expansion that both matches the coefficient of expansion of the glass stem press and of a glass cane member of the filament mounting structure. The stainless steel member allows for simplification of the fabrication process related to forming the rough service incandescent lamp while also improving the shock capability of such a lamp.

Abstract: An electric lamp including an insulative (e.g., plastic) base, an envelope located within the base and having a filament therein and a pair of conductors (e.g., nickel-iron alloy wires) projecting externally from the envelope, passing through the base and extending therefrom. Each conductor includes means (e.g., knurls) formed therein for removing undesirable surface material (e.g., oxide) from a respective contact located within a socket in which the lamp is positioned. Such removal, achieved during lamp insertion and eventual withdrawal, thus assures a sound electrical connection between the "cleaned" contact and a second lamp designed to replace the original. These features are particularly advantageous in the automotive field, especially that portion of the field involving taillight and similar assemblies.

Abstract: The electric incandescent lamp according to the invention has an annular mirror coating on a hemispherical portion of its lamp envelope and a filament arranged zigzagwise between supporting points which are located on the surface of an imaginary cone. The filament is situated outside the part of the lamp vessel provided with the mirror coating. The lamp is particularly suitable for use as a traffic signal lamp and produces together with an external paraboloidal reflector a light beam of high luminous intensity at the center and in directions enclosing a small angle with the axis of the beam, as a result of which the lamp may be designed for a comparatively low power.

Abstract: An electric reflector-type lamp having an improved eyelet construction in which there is utilized a uniquely contoured eyelet fitted into specially shaped apertures in the rear of the glass reflector. The eyelets consist of a hollow cylinder of brass with a bulged center portion which is held firmly within each aperture. The end portions of the eyelet are flared to permanently hold the eyelet in position after insertion. The apertures in the rear of the reflector are comprised of a plurality of sections which accommodate the eyelet and promote sturdy construction. A light source capsule is guided into the apertures by the flared ends of the eyelets, after which the leads are soldered to the eyelets. To seal the lamp and for additional strength, an adhesive can be added around the eyelet.