Abstract: A carbon film of the present invention has an elongated needle shape whose radius decreases toward a tip. The shape is, preferably, a shape in which a field concentration coefficient ? in the Fowler-Nordheim equation is expressed by h/r where r denotes the radius in an arbitrary position and h denotes height from the arbitrary position to the tip.

Abstract: An electrode for use in an organic optoelectronic device is provided. The electrode includes a thin film of single-wall carbon nanotubes. The film may be deposited on a substrate of the device by using an elastomeric stamp. The film may be enhanced by spin-coating a smoothing layer on the film and/or doping the film to enhance conductivity. Electrodes according to the present invention may have conductivities, transparencies, and other features comparable to other materials typically used as electrodes in optoelectronic devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ionizer mounting structure for a vehicle air conditioning system. The air conditioning system includes an air conditioning case having an internal passageway and an ionizer for generating negative ions and positive ions within the internal passageway. The air conditioning case has a discharge electrode insertion hole and the ionizer has a plurality of discharge electrodes extending into the internal passageway through the discharge electrode insertion hole. The ionizer mounting structure includes a mounting and demounting structure for allowing the ionizer to be mounted to the air conditioning case through sliding movement from a demounting position on a passenger room side to a mounting position above the air conditioning case and for allowing the ionizer to be demounted from the air conditioning case through sliding movement from the mounting position to the demounting position.

Abstract: Provided is an electron emitting device which can achieve high electron emission efficiency even in the case where excitation energy is low. The device includes a carbon nanotube layer which is formed on an SiC substrate and is made up of plural carbon nanotubes vertically oriented with respect to a surface of the SiC substrate; an MgO layer which is formed on and touches the carbon nanotube layer; an ohmic electrode which is connected to the carbon nanotube layer; an electrode which is facing the MgO layer with an air-gap between the MgO layer and the electrode; and a voltage source which applies a voltage between the electrode and the ohmic electrode.

Abstract: A multifunction module for an electron beam column comprises upper and lower electrodes, and a central ring electrode. The upper and lower electrodes have multipoles and are capable of deflecting, or correcting an aberration of, an electron beam passing through the electrodes. A voltage can be applied to the central ring electrode independently of the voltages applied to the upper and lower electrodes to focus the electron beam on a substrate.

Abstract: Particles, which may include nanoparticles, are mixed with carbon nanotubes and deposited on a substrate to form a cold cathode. The particles enhance the field emission characteristics of the carbon nanotubes. An additional activation step may be performed on the deposited carbon nanotube mixture to further enhance the emission of electrons.

Abstract: A field emission device 100 comprises an anode 105 and a cathode 110 separated by a distance 115 from the anode. At least one of the anode or cathode is configured to move with respect to the other in response to an applied voltage 120 to at least one of the anode and cathode, the distance being adjustable by the movement.

Abstract: A pixel element for field emission display includes a sealed container having a light permeable portion, an anode, a cathode, a phosphor layer formed on an end surface of the anode, and a CNT string electrically connected to and in contact with the cathode with an emission portion of the CNT string suspending. The phosphor layer is opposite to the light permeable portion, and the emission portion is corresponding to the phosphor layer. Some of CNT bundles in the CNT string are taller than and project over the adjacent CNT bundles, and each of projecting CNT bundles functions as an electron emitter. The anode, the cathode, the phosphor layer and the CNT string are enclosed in the sealed container. The luminance of the pixel element is enhanced at a relatively low voltage.

Abstract: An air conditioning system for automotive vehicles includes an air conditioning case having an internal passageway and an ionizer for emitting positive ions and negative ions into the internal passageway of the air conditioning case. The ionizer includes a main body and first and second discharge electrodes extending from the main body into the internal passageway in a spaced-apart relationship with each other. The air conditioning system further includes an electric short preventing arrangement for preventing moisture positioned in and around the first and second discharge electrodes from causing electric short between the first and second discharge electrodes. The electric short preventing arrangement comprises a water drainage rib for draining the moisture condensed in and around the first and second discharge electrodes to prevent the electric short between the first and second discharge electrodes.

Abstract: An electron emission material includes an electron emission material main body, a base metal layer disposed on the electron emission material main body, and a thermal electron emission layer disposed on the base metal layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electron emitting device having a structure for efficiently emitting electrons. The electron emitting device has a substrate comprised of an n-type diamond, and a pointed projection provided on the substrate. The projection comprises a base provided on the substrate side, and an electron emission portion provided on the base and emitting electrons from the tip thereof. The base is comprised of an n-type diamond. The electron emission portion is comprised of a p-type diamond. The length from the tip of the projection (electron emission portion) to the interface between the base and the electron emission portion is preferably 100 nm or less.

Abstract: An electron emission device adapted to enhanced electron beam focusing and its method of fabrication are shown. The device includes driving electrodes for controlling the emission of electrons from electron emission regions formed on a substrate; two or more tiers of insulating layers formed on the driving electrodes; and a focusing electrode formed over the tiers. A multi-tiered insulating layer allows a thick tier to hold the focusing electrodes away from the emission regions, thus enhancing their focusing impact, while a thin tier under the focusing electrodes remains amenable to intricate patterning. Fabrication of the tiers from material with different etching rates allows thicker lower support tiers to be etched during the same period and in the same step that a thinner upper tier is etched, also allowing openings in a lower tier to widen while openings in the upper tier stay small.

Abstract: An electron emission device includes first and second substrates facing each other with a predetermined distance, cathode electrodes formed on the first substrate, electron emission regions formed on the cathode electrodes, and gate electrodes placed over the cathode electrodes while interposing an insulating layer. The gate electrodes have opening portions exposing the electron emission regions on the first substrate. The electron emission region has a height compensation portion formed on the cathode electrode such that the width of the height compensation portion is reduced in a direction toward the second substrate. An electron emission layer covers the surface of the height compensation portion and contacts the cathode electrode such that the electron emission layer is electrically connected to the cathode electrode.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to reduce power consumption in a plasma display panel (PDP) by reducing the discharge firing voltage, while suppressing the occurrence of discharge variability when the PDP is driven, as well as ensuring the wall-charge holding performance of a protective film surface. To achieve this, a front panel of a PDP of the present invention has a catalyst layer dispersed on a surface of display electrodes formed in stripes on one side of a glass substrate, and needle crystals composed of graphite formed to stand upright on the catalyst layer. The needle crystals form a phase-separated structure with the materials of a dielectric film and a protective film.

Abstract: A structure is formed by putting glass plates between a luminescence generating device and an electron emitting device so that a vacuum is formed in between. After in putting a high-voltage, an electron beam is emitted from the electron emitting device using low power. In the end, silicon quantum dots in the luminescence generating device are excited to generate a white light. The present invention has a good optoelectronic transformation efficiency.

Abstract: An electric field emission device having a triode structure is fabricated by using an anodic oxidation process. The device includes a supporting substrate, a bottom electrode layer to be used as an cathode electrode of the device, a gate insulating layer having a plurality of first sub-micro holes, a gate electrode layer having a plurality of second sub-micro holes connecting to the first sub-micro holes, an anode insulating layer having a plurality of third sub-micro holes connecting to the second sub-micro holes, a top electrode layer for hermetically sealing the device, the top electrode layer being used as an anode of the device and a plurality of emitters formed in the first sub-micro holes. The emitters are formed so as to come into as close contact as possible to the electrodes of the device, which results in decreasing a driving voltage.

Abstract: An electronic device is presented which is configured to operate as at least one logic gate. The device comprises an electrodes arrangement of one or more basic units, the basic unit being configured to define at least one vacuum space for free charged particles' propagation and comprising an input assembly for supplying an input signal, and a floating electrode assembly accommodated proximal said input assembly and serving for reading an output signal therefrom, the floating electrode arrangement being configured to define at least one source of the free charged particles and at least one target toward which the charged particles are directed and is chargeable and dischargeable in response to the input signal thereby creating the output of the basic unit.

Abstract: A field emission display device and a method of fabricating the same are provided. The field emission display device may include a substrate, a transparent cathode layer, an insulation layer, a gate electrode, a resistance layer, and carbon nanotubes. The transparent cathode layer is deposited on the substrate. The insulation layer is formed on the cathode layer and has a well exposing the cathode layer. The gate electrode is formed on the insulation layer and has an opening corresponding to the well. The resistance layer is formed to surround the surface of the gate electrode and the inner walls of the opening and the well so as to block ultraviolet rays. The carbon nanotube field emitting source is positioned on the exposed cathode layer.

Abstract: A field emission device comprises a glass substrate, an emitter electrode formed on the glass substrate, a carbon nanotube (CNT) emitter formed on the emitter electrode, and a gate stack formed around the CNT emitter for extracting electron beams from the CNT emitter and focusing the extracted electron beams onto a given position. The gate stack includes a mask layer covering the emitter electrode and provided around the CNT emitter, a gate insulating layer formed on the mask layer to a predetermined height, a mirror electrode formed on an inclined plane of the gate insulating layer, a gate electrode formed on the gate insulating layer and spaced apart from the mirror electrode, and a focus gate insulating layer and a focus gate electrode sequentially formed on the gate electrode. The field emission device is manufactured and employed in a display device in accordance with the present invention.

Abstract: A Field Emission Display (FED) includes: a first substrate; a cathode arranged on the first substrate: a conductive layer arranged on the cathode, the conductive layer including a first opening; an insulating layer arranged on the first substrate to cover an upper surface and side surfaces of the conductive layer, the insulating layer including a second opening arranged in the first opening to expose a portion of the cathode; a gate electrode arranged on the insulating layer, the gate electrode including a third opening connected to the second opening; a plurality of emitters arranged on the portion of the cathode exposed in the second opening and along both edges of the second opening, the plurality of emitters being spaced apart from each other; and a second substrate facing the first substrate and spaced apart from the first substrate, the second substrate including an anode and a fluorescent layer formed on a surface thereof.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the invention, a field emission display is provided comprising: an anode; a phosphor screen located on the anode; a cathode; an evacuated space between the anode and the cathode; an emitter located on the cathode opposite the phosphor; wherein the emitter comprises an electropositive element both in a body of the emitter and on a surface of the emitter. According to another aspect of the invention, a process for manufacturing a FED is provided comprising the steps of forming an emitter comprising an electropositive element in the body of the tip; positioning the emitter in opposing relation to a phosphor display screen; creating an evacuated space between the emitter tip and the phosphor display screen; and causing the electropositive element to migrate to an emission surface of the emitter.

Abstract: A light source (100) provided herein generally includes a substrate (110), a cathode (120), an isolating layer (122), a light-permeable anode (152), and at least one fluorescent layer (154). The substrate has a surface, and the cathode, with at least one solid electron emitter formed thereon, is located on the surface of the substrate. The isolating layer is formed on the cathode. The light-permeable anode faces the field emitters and is spaced from the cathode to form a vacuum chamber. The at least one fluorescent layer is formed on the anode. Such a light source can then be incorporated, e.g., into a backlight module (300) for an LCD device.

Abstract: By making a cathode substrate function as a cathode and applying a voltage to the cathode and an anode, an electron emission element emits an electron from an electron source provided on the cathode substrate, and irradiates the electron onto an electron irradiation surface formed on the anode surface. The electron source is thread-type and provided on the cathode substrate. A deflecting voltage generates the electric field around the electron source. The electron source including a charge receives a power from the generated electric field to curve. Therefore, an irradiation position of the electron moves on the electron irradiation surface. Since it becomes unnecessary to move the electron irradiation surface and the electron source, a configuration of the electron emission element or an apparatus including the electron emission element is not complicated, and can be miniaturized and simple.

Abstract: A dielectric device of higher performance is provided. An electron emitter, to which the dielectric device is applied is provided with: an emitter including a dielectric; and an upper electrode and a lower electrode to which drive voltage is applied in order to emit electrons. The emitter is formed by the aerosol deposition method or the sol impregnation method, and the surface roughness of the upper surface thereof is controlled in the range from 0.1 to 3 in Ra.

Abstract: A fabrication method produces a mechanically patterned layer of group III-nitride. The method includes providing a crystalline substrate and forming a first layer of a first group III-nitride on a planar surface of the substrate. The first layer has a single polarity and also has a pattern of holes or trenches that expose a portion of the substrate. The method includes then, epitaxially growing a second layer of a second group III-nitride over the first layer and the exposed portion of substrate. The first and second group III-nitrides have different alloy compositions. The method also includes subjecting the second layer to an aqueous solution of base to mechanically pattern the second layer.

Abstract: Provided are a carbon nanotube in which a Full-Width at Half-Maximum of X-ray diffraction is 0.6 or less, an electron emission source including the carbon nanotube, and an electron emission device including the electron emission source.

Abstract: A flat lamp device includes lower and upper glass plates facing each other in parallel; spacers interposed between the plates to keep a distance therebetween; a cathode electrode singly formed over the entire upper surface of the lower glass plate; an insulation film formed on the cathode electrode; semiconductor films independently patterned on the insulation at intervals; a catalyst metal layer laminated on a buffer metal layer to improve adhesive force of the catalyst metal formed on the semiconductor films; carbon nano-tubes formed on the catalyst metal layer; a grid electrode installed above the carbon nano-tubes between the plates to guide electron emission from the carbon nano-tubes with a mesh shape having an opening for passage of the emitted electrons; an anode electrode formed below the upper glass plate to accelerate the emitted electrons; and a fluorescent layer formed on a lower surface of the anode electrode.

Abstract: An apparatus for focusing electrons being emitted from a field emission device comprises a cathode metal layer (20,44,52) formed over a first portion of a substrate (12,41,51) to partially define a sidewall (23) for a trench (25) in a second portion of the substrate. A ballast layer (22,46,53) is formed over the second portion, the cathode metal layer (20,44,52), and the sidewall (23). A first dielectric layer (24,47,54) is formed over the ballast layer (22,46,53) in the first portion and a gate extraction metal layer (26,48,55) is formed thereover. At least one emitter (30) is formed above the substrate and in the trench (25) having the sidewall (23) defined by the first dielectric layer (24,47,54) and the cathode metal layer (20,44,52). The ballast layer (22,46,53) extends along the sidewall and conductively contacts the cathode metal layer and the at least one emitter and provides a force that counteracts the sidewise pull of the gate extraction metal layer (26,48,55).

Abstract: An electron beam column comprises a thermal field emission electron source to generate an electron beam, an electron beam blanker, a beam shaping module, and electron beam optics comprising a plurality of electron beam lenses. In one version, the optical parameters of the electron beam blanker, beam shaping module, and electron beam optics are set to achieve an acceptance semi-angle ? of from about ¼ to about 3 mrads, where the acceptance semi-angle ? is half the angle subtended by the electron beam at the writing plane. The beam-shaping module can also operate as a single lens using upper and lower projection lenses. A multifunction module for an electron beam column is also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to gated nanorod field emission devices, wherein such devices have relatively small emitter tip-to-gate distances, thereby providing a relatively high emitter tip density and low turn on voltage. Such methods employ a combination of traditional device processing techniques (lithography, etching, etc.) with electrochemical deposition of nanorods. These methods are relatively simple, cost-effective, and efficient; and they provide field emission devices that are suitable for use in x-ray imaging applications, lighting applications, flat panel field emission display (FED) applications, etc.

Abstract: A flat-type display device is provided. The flat-type panel display includes a cathode panel having a plurality of electron emitter areas formed on a support; and an anode panel having formed on a substrate a plurality of fluorescent regions and an anode electrode covering at least the fluorescent regions, in which the cathode panel and the anode panel are joined together at their edges with a joint member in between. In the display device, the anode panel has formed on the anode electrode an electron absorbing layer for absorbing electrons from any one of the fluorescent regions and the anode electrode or both, and the anode panel has an adhesion improving layer formed between the anode electrode and the electron absorbing layer.

Abstract: An electron emission device having various functional electrodes in addition to the electrodes serving to emit electrons includes: first and second substrates facing each other, and cathode and gate electrodes arranged on the first substrate within an effective electron emission area and including an insulating layer interposed therebetween. The electron emission regions are electrically connected to the cathode electrodes. At least one dummy electrode is arranged external to the effective electron emission area. At least one anode electrode is arranged on the second substrate. Phosphor layers are arranged on one surface of the anode electrode.

Abstract: A field emission device and a field emission display (FED) having dual cathode electrodes. The field emission device includes a substrate; a first cathode electrode formed on the substrate; a cathode insulating layer formed on the first cathode electrode, and having a first cavity that exposes a portion of the first cathode electrode; an electron emission source disposed on the first cathode electrode and being exposed by the first cavity; a second cathode electrode formed on the cathode insulating layer, and including a cathode hole aligned with the first cavity; a gate insulating layer formed on the second cathode electrode, and having a second cavity aligned with the first cavity; and a gate electrode formed on the gate insulating layer, and having a gate hole aligned with the second cavity.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube (CNT) electron emitter source is provided according to the present invention. The CNT electron emitter source includes a dielectric glass substrate (101), a plurality of cathode connectors (102), a plurality of metal wires (103), a plurality of CNT electron emitters (104) provided on surfaces of the metal wires, and a plurality of dielectric barriers (105). The cathode connectors are distributed along two opposite sides of the dielectric glass substrate. Each of the metal wires has two terminals secured on a pair of corresponding opposite cathode connectors. Each of the metal wires has a substantially protrusive surface, and at least some of the electron emitters discretely extend from the protrusive surface into a space surrounding the metal wire. The dielectric barriers are distributed on the dielectric glass substrate alternately between the metal wires.

Abstract: A field emission device having cold cathode devices including an emitter and a lead electrode, and the field emission device is provided with the plural kinds of cold cathode device groups classified based on the emission property of the cold cathode device. This field emission device has a member for allowing the cold cathode device group to perform emission by successively changing the cold cathode device group that mainly performs emission based on the difference in the emission property. Thus, it is possible to maintain the emission current at a predetermined necessary value or more and to realize the long lifetime of the field emission device.

Abstract: A field emission lamp includes: a transparent bulb (10) having a neck portion; a lamp head mated with the neck portion; an anode layer (20) formed on an inner surface of the bulb; a fluorescence layer (30) formed on the anode layer; a cathode electrode (43) and an anode electrode (23) located at the lamp head; an anode down-lead ring (24) located at the neck portion, the anode down-lead ring engaging with the anode layer and electrically connecting with the anode electrode via an anode down-lead pole (21) and a pair of down-leads (22); and an electron emitting cathode positioned in the bulb and engaging with the cathode electrode. The field emission lamp is safe for humans and environmentally friendly, provides a high electrical energy utilization ratio, and has a reduced cost.

Abstract: Graphite comprises atoms arranged in discrete layers (100). The perpendicular distance between these layers is the ‘d-spacing’ (101). A field emission material is obtained by expanding the d-spacing (102). Such expansion may be achieved by an intercalant that has been introduced between layers of the material. Such an intercalant may reside, or may no longer reside, in the material. The material may be placed in position on a substrate by a printing process, prior to expansion. Such field emission material may be used in cold cathodes in field electron emission devices.

Abstract: A method for production includes a step for forming concave molds on a surface of a substrate and a step for growing a diamond heteroepitaxially on the substrate in an atmosphere containing a doping material. The crystal structure of the slope of the concave molds of the substrate can have the cubic system crystal orientation (111), and the doping material is phosphorous. Further, the substrate is Si, and the slope of the molds can be the Si(111) face. The diamond electron emission device contains projection parts on the surface thereof, where a slope of the projection parts 1 contains a diamond (111) face, and flat parts 2, which are not the projection parts, contain face orientations other than (100) face or (110) face and grain boundaries.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube-based field emission device in accordance with the invention includes: a cathode electrode (50), a carbon nanotube array (40) formed perpendicularly on the cathode electrode, a barrier (20) and a gate electrode (60). The carbon nanotube array has a growth end (42) electrically contacting with the cathode electrode, and an opposite root end (44) for emitting electrons therefrom. The root end of the carbon nanotube array defines a substantially planar surface having a flatness of less than 1 micron.

Abstract: This invention provides compositions of matter that contain an electron emitting substance and an expansion material. The expansion material may, for example, be an intercalation compound. When a film is formed from the composition, expansion of the expansion material typically causes rupturing or fracturing of the film. No further treatment of the surface of the film is typically required after expansion of the expansion material to obtain good emission properties. A surface formed from such a fractured film acts as an efficient electron field emitter and thus is useful in vacuum microelectronic devices.

Abstract: Novel heterodiamondoid-containing field emission devices (FED's) are disclosed herein. In one embodiment of the present invention, the heteroatom of the heterodiamondoid comprises an electron-donating species (such as nitrogen) as part of the cathode or electron-emitting component of the field emission device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electron emitting device having a structure for efficiently emitting electrons. The electron emitting device has a substrate comprised of an n-type diamond, and a pointed projection provided on the substrate. The projection comprises a base provided on the substrate side, and an electron emission portion provided on the base and emitting electrons from the tip thereof. The base is comprised of an n-type diamond. The electron emission portion is comprised of a p-type diamond. The length from the tip of the projection (electron emission portion) to the interface between the base and the electron emission portion is preferably 100 nm or less.

Abstract: A field emission device having improved properties and which finds use in display devices, such as a flat panel displays. Known devices and displays suffer from problems such as complexity of fabrication and limited color gamut. The present device provides a field emission backplate which is made from a substantially semiconductor based material and has a plurality of grown tips. The device also includes at least one electro-luminescent or photo-luminescent material having a fluorescent material such as a fluorescent dye doped material chemically attached thereto.

Abstract: To obtain a paste for electron sources which can enhance heat resistance of carbon nanotubes, which can suppress burn-out of the carbon nanotubes even during heating at a high temperature, and can exhibit a high electron emission performance, boron (B) is added to the paste formed of the carbon nanotubes and metal. Due to the addition of boron, the oxidation of the carbon nanotubes can be suppressed, and the degradation of the electron emission characteristics and the degradation of the uniformity of the emission of electrons during the heating process such as baking can be prevented.

Abstract: A lighting device includes a cathode (11), a cover (12), an insulation layer (13), an emitter base (18), a molybdenum tip (19), a phosphor layer (15), an anode (16), and a silicon oxide layer (17). The cover is formed on the cathode. The insulation layer is formed on the cover. The base is formed on the insulation layer. The molybdenum tip is formed on the base. The phosphor layer is spaced apart from the molybdenum tip. The anode is formed on the phosphor layer. The silicon oxide layer is formed on the anode.

Abstract: An electrode for an electron gun and an electron gun using same are provided which make use of stable carbon material having small work function and which permit orientation control to be achieved and which can be manufactured at a low cost. An electrode for an electron gun uses carbon electrode(s) formed from amorphous carbon and carbon nanotubes or carbon nanofibers and molded in linear shape. The carbon electrode is obtained by mixing a resin composition such as chlorinated vinyl chloride resin, furan resin, etc., which forms non-graphitizing carbon after carbonizing, with a carbon powder such as carbon nanotubes or carbon nanofibers and, after extrusion, molding and carbonizing the molding obtained.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for improving the field emission of an electron field emitter comprised of an acicular emitting substance such as acicular carbon, an acicular semiconductor, an acicular metal or a mixture thereof, comprising applying a force to the surface of the electron field emitter wherein the force results in the removal of a portion of the electron field emitter thereby forming a new surface of the electron field emitter.

Abstract: To provide an electron-emitting device, an electron source, an image-forming apparatus, and a method for manufacturing the electron-emitting device whereby it is possible to reduce a device capacity and a driving voltage, to improve the efficiency of emitting electrons, and to obtain high-resolution beam. The extracting electrode and the cathode electrode are provided on an insulating substrate, a layer having growth selectivity of fibrous carbon is formed on the cathode electrode, and the fibrous carbon is grown via catalyst particles formed on the layer.

Abstract: A field emission device manufactured by the disclosed method and employed in a display unit includes a glass substrate, an emitter electrode formed on the glass substrate, a carbon nanotube (CNT) emitter formed on the emitter electrode, and a gate stack formed around the CNT emitter. Electron beams are extracted from the CNT emitter and the extracted electron beams are focused onto a given position. The gate stack includes a mask layer that covers the emitter electrode provided around the CNT emitter, a gate insulating layer and a gate electrode sequentially formed on the mask layer, a focus gate insulating layer having double inclined planes facing the CNT emitter on the gate electrode, and focus gate electrode coated on the focus gate insulating layer.

Abstract: A display device consisting of an electron-emitting device which is a laminate of an insulating layer and a pair of opposing electrodes formed on a planar substrate. A portion of the insulating layer is between the electrodes and a portion containing an electron emitting region in between one electrode and the substrate. Electrons are emitted from the electron emission region by a voltage to the electrodes, thereby stimulating a phosphorous to emitting light.