Abstract: A cathode ray tube apparatus including an envelope having a panel portion with a phosphor screen formed on the inner surface thereof, a neck portion provided with an electron gun therein and a funnel portion therebetween; and a transparent panel facing the external surface of the panel portion with a peripherally located spacer therebetween, wherein a liquid coolant is sealed in the space formed between the panel portion and the transparent panel by light absorbing material, and the spacer is treated to reduce reflection.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a halogen lamp unit comprising a tubular halogen lamp having at its both ends sealed portions hermetically enclosing their respective conductive members. The halogen lamp is supported by holders at its tubular outer wall portions of the envelope adjacent to the sealed end portions without base shells which cover the sealed portions. The holders are cooled by a water-cooling system. The sealed end portions of the lamp are kept in a bare state, thereby avoiding the degradation of the conductive members due to the oxidation thereof. The sealed end portions may be exposed in air-paths to the cooling wind flowing along the tubular halogen lamp.

Abstract: A color projector apparatus including a single cathode ray tube of index-type having a first transparent panel with phosphor elements of three primary colors and an indexing element formed on the inner surface thereof, a second transparent panel located in front of the first transparent panel of cathode ray tube, a metal frame-shape spacer for supporting the second transparent panel, and a transparent liquid coolant filled into the space between the first and second transparent panels.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube apparatus having a metal body with heat radiation effect which is located at least at a front periphery of a front panel of the cathode ray tube, a transparent panel located at the front of the front panel and facing the front panel with a predetermined distance therebetween, the metal body abutting the front periphery of the front panel and a periphery of the transparent panel to form a space therein; and transparent coolant sealed in the space.

Abstract: The temperature of a fluorescent lamp is optimized by monitoring the current used to power the lamp and changing the cooling state (on to off, off to on) whenever lamp current increases. The optimum current level is some minimum value; any increases in this value are detected and a signal is fed back to a controller which regulates the instant mode of operation of a cooling device. With the cooling mode reversed, the lamp current will be reduced towards its optimum value. The cooling mode remains unaltered until the lamp current rises again. Thus the optimum temperature (minimum current to produce the required light level) is achieved without reference to either an absolute current or temperature.

Abstract: A long-life cesium lamp is disposed within an evacuable outer envelope surrounding a cesium lamp arc tube with their respective surfaces spaced a fixed distance apart so that a heat-transferring gas, such as helium, is disposed between the arc tube and the wall of the outer envelope. Furthermore, means are provided for cooling the outer envelope, such as by surrounding it with a water jacket. The resulting lamp system is capable of operating at higher levels of average lamp power and arc tube wall loading (watts/cm.sup.2) without causing too low a cesium pressure, as would happen if one directly water-cooled the alumina arc tube, and without causing too high an alumina arc tube temperature, as would happen if one merely evacuated the outer envelope.

Abstract: A cathode-ray tube for a projector, wherein a mesh-like or striped heat conduction member is disposed on an outer surface of a faceplate corresponding to an effective area of a phosphor screen, and the heat conduction member is conductively in contact with a heat radiator which is secured on the outer side of the faceplate.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the phase-transition cooling of particle-transparent windows in charged particle accelerator systems, wherein the apparatus and method permit the operation of the particle-transparent window at a desired temperature by directing an atomized, vaporizable coolant liquid over the window surface, the coolant liquid having a boiling point approximately equal to the desired operating temperature of the window, so that heat is absorbed as the liquid coolant changes from a liquid phase to a gaseous phase.

Abstract: An irradiation apparatus is disclosed in which a low-pressure mercury lamp having a flat, elongated lamp tube is provided that is suitable for high intensity photochemical disinfecting and sterilization of materials. The irradiation apparatus includes a flat outer envelope, surrounding the lamp tube and ducts positioned along the narrow sides of the lamp tube to permit cooling of the apparatus and optionally the efficient generation of ozone. Various structures into which the apparatus may be incorporated for the immersion irradiation of fluids are also disclosed.

Abstract: High-pressure discharge lamp according to the invention have a quartz glass lamp vessel (1) which consists locally of UV-absorbing quartz glass (shaded region 2). During operation of the lamps the normally colder wall parts of the lamp vessel in this region thus assume a higher temperature, as a result of which the efficiency of the lamp is increased while said regions (2) nevertheless remain transparent to visible radiation.

Abstract: In high intensity discharge lamps, particularly those that are configured to operate in a particular orientation, end coatings are provided which increase the efficacy of the lamp. In one embodiment of the present invention, reflective end coatings are provided exteriorly and at the ends of the discharge tube except for an approximately semicircularly shaped portion through which the optical output of the lamp radiates. The particular coating pattern provided in the present invention reduces the number of internal reflections occurring within the discharge tube and accordingly increases the efficacy of the lamp.

Abstract: The high-pressure electric discharge tube of the invention can operate in the open air, with at least 10 Hg mm inner pressure. It has a preferably ceramic (or crystalline) envelope that constitutes an illuminator, with electrodes disposed in two opposite portions of the envelope, appropriate inlets, lead-ins and terminals leading to the electrodes. The discharge tube does not have to be surrounded by the hitherto applied, conventional, glass or other transparent protective envelope, as a result of which the emitted luminous output is free from reflections and the tube can be used throughout the entire spectrum, such as for pumping or driving a laser crystal. The protective envelope, which so far has been an indispensable part of all high-pressure discharge tubes, has been eliminated as a result of the present invention. Adapter tubes are used that prevent oxidation of the electrical elements, as well as specially configured electrodes.

Abstract: Apparatus for contacting contaminated water with ultra-violet light to eliminate potentially harmful organisms as well as to provide air cooling necessary for efficient operation of the UV lamp and simultaneous production of ozone in the apparatus for secondary disinfection of the water, the water after treatment by the ultraviolet light being discharged into a water storage tank, and the irradiated air that contains the ozone being discharged into the tank into contact with the water for carrying out the secondary disinfection.

Abstract: The light output of a fluorescent lamp is improved under cold temperature operating conditions by enclosing the envelope in a jacket of light-transmitting plastic material that has a plurality of air pockets or bubbles formed therein. The pockets of entrapped air collectively function as a thermal blanket for the envelope which conserves the heat produced by the lamp during operation without obstructing the generated light rays. The "thermo-bubble" jacket is preferably fabricated from flexible two-ply plastic so that it can also serve as a lightweight protective component for the lamp when it is packed with other jacketed lamps in a shipping container.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas-and/or vapor discharge lamp which is provided with a discharge tube and with a heat shield.The heat shield is connected to a bimetal element of the lamp such that, when the temperature of the discharge tube is raised (or lowered) the heat shield is further removed from (or moved towards) the discharge tube. Accordingly the lamp reaches its operating condition rapidly after starting and in the operating condition fluctuations in the temperature are very small.

Abstract: A low pressure sodium vapor lamp including a sodium vapor discharge tube and a light reflector partially surrounding the discharge tube and defining a light transmission aperture for desired directional light output. The light reflector is in tangential contact with the discharge tube on the surface thereof opposite to the light aperture. The contact between discharge tube and light reflector provides a thermal coupling for heat conduction from the discharge tube. The area of this thermal coupling thus becomes the coolest portion of the discharge tube, the "cold spot" of the lamp where excess sodium is condensed.

Abstract: A low pressure sodium vapor lamp including a sodium vapor discharge tube within an outer envelope. The outer envelope is partially coated by a light reflector defining a light transmission aperture for desired directional light output. The outer envelope is additionally coated with an infrared reflective coating defining a heat transmission aperture at a location separate from the light transmission aperture. The heat transmission aperture acts as a heat sink. The area of the inner discharge tube corresponding to the heat transmission aperture thus becomes the coolest portion of the discharge tube, the "cold spot" of the lamp where excess sodium is condensed.

Abstract: A high pressure xenon arc illuminator bulb having a sapphire window generates a broad band of ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation extending from about 180 nanometers to about 2000 nanometers.The emitted radiation in the range from about 180 to about 200 nanometers, in passing through the oxygen in the air, causes the molecules of oxygen in the form O.sub.2 to recombine to produce ozone, O.sub.3. Ozone is toxic.In the invention, a lens barrel, which holds a sapphire condensing lens, is joined to the xenon arc illuminator bulb with a lighttight and also hermetic connection. Thus, the condensing lens is optically rigid with the illuminator bulb and the ozone formed within the lens barrel is not released to the ambient environment, even though its local concentration within the lens barrel becomes high. Furthermore, the ozone confined within the lens barrel acts as an absorption filter for all of the wavelengths in the 180 to 200 nanometer band which are capable of producing ozone.

Abstract: The present invention comprises an x-ray transmission target tube that includes an envelope; x-ray permeable window means disposed at the envelope and forming a part thereof; means for directing a charged particle beam to the window means to generate x-rays thereat; structural means for providing a space at the window means, which structural means comprises an x-ray permeable window element that is disposed opposite the window means and further comprises wall means, which structural means, together with the window means, forms the space; and means for transferring a heat-transfer fluid through the space so as to be in heat transfer relationship with the window means.

Abstract: The novel radiation source system of this invention includes a pair of electrodes which are coaxially mounted at each end of a single cylindrical transparent arc chamber. A liquid, such as water, is circulated through the arc chamber with a tangential velocity so as to form a vortexing liquid wall. The main functions of the liquid wall are to cool the periphery of the arc discharge between the electrodes thus constricting the arc diameter, and to absorb ultraviolet and infrared radiation which would otherwise be absorbed by the outer solid wall. This liquid wall produces a positive dynamic impedance for the arc discharge. In addition, a vortexing column of inert gas, injected through the length of the chamber, stabilizes the arc discharge between the electrodes.

Abstract: A technique is disclosed herein for the enhancement of efficiency, and uniformity of light emission from a DC-operated fluorescent lamp. It involves the correlation of mercury vapor pressure within the lamp (which is dependent upon the temperature of liquid mercury within the lamp) with the magnitude and polarity orientation of the DC current applied to the lamp, and an optimization of these parameters along with lamp tube diameter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas and/or vapor discharge lamp which is provided with a discharge tube and an outer bulb which envelops this tube, whilst the heat insulation in the space between the discharge tube and the outer bulb can be changed.According to the invention the heat insulation is changed by means of a reversible hydrogen getter which is located in the space between the outer bulb and the discharge tube. In this way it is obtained that the lamp can either be operated without a stabilizing ballast or that it is less sensitive to variations in the mains supply.

Abstract: An ampoule shaped electrodeless discharge tube, including a large-diameter portion and a small-diameter portion, is filled with luminous elements and inactive gas. The discharge tube is placed in a housing having a lighting window from which the light emitted by the elements is extracted. A high-frequency coil is wound around the large diameter portion at the middle portion of the discharge tube. A partition wall provided in the housing partitions the housing into a first and a second compartments. The middle portion of the discharge tube and the small diameter portion are placed in the first compartment, while the end portion of the discharge tube opposite to the small-diameter portion is placed in the second compartment, and is cooled with air-flow flowing from the inlet to the outlet, both of which are formed to the housing. When high-frequency power is supplied to the coil, the luminous elements in the discharge tube is excited to luminesce.

Abstract: A carbon arc lamp for use in a light fastness tester. The lamp has an arc glow section, a base located at the top of the arc glow section, a heat radiating means integral with the upper side of the base, a heat collecting means integral with the side of the base facing toward the glow section, and a glass bulb extending from the base around the glow section. The heat produced due to carbon arc discharge in the glow section is collected by the collecting means and radiated to the outside of the lamp by the radiating means aided by the convection of the outside atmosphere to hold the base at a temperature lower than that of the glass bulb so as to eliminate or reduce deposition of ash resulting from the combustion of carbon on the light transmitting glass bulb which is at a higher temperature than the base by virtue of the tendency of the ash to be deposited to different extents, depending upon temperature, to thereby ensure emission of light through the bulb at a substantially constant luminous intensity.

Abstract: A light source device having an elongated baffle plate positioned between a light source and a cooling means for regulating a cooling flow from said cooling means. Said baffle plate has a slit and bent portions extending for covering said light source so that the bulb wall of the light source is evenly cooled.

Abstract: An electron collector for an electron beam tube, in particular a high performance transit time tube, employs a hollow member for receiving the electrons, which hollow member is surrounded by a metallic cooling sleeve which is grounded during operation of the tube and which is electrically insulated therefrom for an operating potential which deviates from the ground potential. The collector is particularly characterized in that it comprises a highly heat resistant material with a low vapor pressure (melting point at least approximately 2,000.degree.C) and apart from an insulating attachment in the area of its electron beam entry opening extends by forming a vacuum space completely free standing into the cooling sleeve. The cooling sleeve is blackened at its inner surface facing the collector and is permeated during operation by a coolant supplied from a forced cooling system.

Abstract: The arc tube of a high intensity arc discharge lamp is horizontally operated and has a longitudinal stripe of heat reflecting coating along the lower surface of the arc tube in order to improve lamp efficiency.

Abstract: An electrodeless lamp is excited in a termination fixture by high frequency power, the lamp being located within the fixture at the end of an inner conductor whose end is shaped such as to inhibit the arc of the lamp from attaching to the lamp envelope. In one embodiment, the inner conductor end is shaped as a hollow helical coil which generates an axial and azimuthal electric field component to create a torodial arc within the lamp. In another embodiment the inner conductor end is cup-shaped to provide a field shielding effect which distributes the field strength more uniformly across the end of the inner conductor.

Abstract: An electrodeless lamp is positioned at the end of an inner and outer conductor forming a termination fixture, the inner conductor being shaped such that the arc within the lamp during excitation is isolated from the wall of the lamp envelope. The inner conductor may be formed as a hollow helical element thereby providing both an axial and azimuthal electric field component. Alternatively, the inner conductor may be cup-shaped which has a shielding effect to control the electric field strength at the end of the conductor. The helical or cup element and other features of the inner conductor provide both arc shaping and impedance matching between the complex impedance of the lamp during operation and the output impedance of a high frequency power source which is coupled to the termination fixture.

Abstract: A cooling assembly particularly suitable for use with high brightness light sources requiring compact housing. The assembly comprises an air cooled heat sink and a connecting means being flexible and having a high thermal conductivity coefficient. This device provides an efficient method for cooling filament leads in the seal end of high brightness lamps and the joint between the lamp and reflector, thereby increasing lamp life.