Abstract: According to an electron emitting element of the present invention, an electron acceleration layer sandwiched between an electrode substrate and a thin-film electrode contains (i) insulating fine particles and (ii) at least one of (a) conductive fine particles having an average particle diameter smaller than an average particle diameter of the insulating fine particles and (b) a basic dispersant. The electron acceleration layer has a surface roughness of 0.2 ?m or less in centerline average roughness (Ra). The thin-film electrode has a film thickness of 100 nm or less. As such, according to the electron emitting element of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the thickness of the thin-film electrode to an appropriate thickness. Accordingly, it is possible to increase electron emission.

Abstract: A field emission cathode device includes an insulative substrate, a number of cathode electrodes, and a number of liner electron emission units. The insulative substrate has a top surface and a bottom surface. The insulative substrate defines a number of openings. The cathode electrodes are located on the bottom surface. Each of the linear electron emission units has a first portion secured between the insulative substrate and one corresponding cathode electrode and a second portion received in one corresponding opening.

Abstract: A method for making a field emission cathode device is presented. First, an insulative substrate is provided. The insulative substrate includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The insulative substrate defines a number of openings extending through from the first surface to the second surface. Second, at least one electron emitter is provided corresponding to each of the number of openings. The electron emitter includes a fixing portion and an electron emission portion connecting to the fixing portion. The fixing portion is fixed on the first surface, and the electron emission portion extends from the fixing portion into the number of openings. Third, a number of cathode electrodes are formed on the first surface to fix the fixing portion between the insulative substrate and the cathode electrodes.

Abstract: A field emission device, a field emission display device, and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. The field emission device includes: i) a substrate; ii) an electrode positioned on the substrate; iii) a mask layer positioned on the electrode and including one or more openings; and iv) a plurality of nanostructures positioned on the electrode via the openings and formed to extend radially. The plurality of nanostructures may be applied to emit an electron upon receiving a voltage from the electrode.

Abstract: A display panel includes a vacuum vessel provided with a face plate, a rear plate having a first surface that opposes the face plate at an interval therefrom, a connecting member provided between the face plate and the rear plate and connecting the face plate and the rear plate, and a plurality of plate-like spacers provided between the face plate and the rear plate so that lengthwise directions thereof are parallel to each other. In addition, a plurality of linear fixing members are adhered to the vacuum vessel by a plurality of linear bonding members. The fixing members are adhered to the rear plate by the linear bonding members at mutually prescribed intervals and along the lengthwise direction of the plurality of spacers, with each of the plurality of linear fixing members provided with a plate-like member adhered to the rear plate and a plurality of protruding portions provided on a surface of the plate-like member on an opposite side from the rear plate.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a light emitting screen 1 comprises steps of providing a resistance layer 6 having a plurality of apertures arranged in a lattice pattern and having light emitting members each arranged in each of the apertures, on a substrate 2 having an image display region 10 and a peripheral region 11 at an outer periphery of the image display region, such that the resistance layer extends from the image display region to the peripheral region, and such that the plurality of apertures are arranged in the image display region, providing a resistance adjusting layer having a resistance value larger than that of the resistance layer, on the resistance layer, to divide the image display region and the peripheral region into a plurality of segments, and forming a film of an electroconductive layer to cover the resistance layer and the light emitting member positioned in the segments.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a peripheral line scheme of a display device. The routing of the peripheral lines is designed with a grating configuration to electrically connect to a driver IC or an integrated circuit. When the repair line is employed, a part of the peripheral lines could be separated by a laser optionally, and it subsequently could be welded to the repair line by the laser to improve the ability of the repair line. The display device of the present invention includes a display panel with a plurality of signal lines including the data lines and the scan lines. At least one integrated circuit is electrically connected to the plurality of signal lines to drive the display panel for displaying, and at least one repair line is electrically connected to the integrated circuit. At least one peripheral line is electrically connected to the integrated circuit in the grating configuration and in parallel to the repair lines.

Abstract: A field emission device includes an insulative substrate, an electron pulling electrode, a secondary electron emission layer, a first dielectric layer, a cathode electrode, and an electron emission layer. The electron pulling electrode is located on a surface of the insulative substrate. The secondary electron emission layer is located on a surface of the electron pulling electrode. The cathode electrode is located apart from the electron pulling electrode by the first dielectric layer. The cathode electrode has a surface oriented to the electron pulling electrode and defines a first opening as an electron output portion. The electron emission layer is located on the surface of the cathode electrode and oriented to the electron pulling electrode.

Abstract: The display apparatus includes an airtight container having an insulating first substrate, an insulating second substrate which faces the first substrate, a conductive frame arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, a conductive layer which is provided between the conductive frame and the first substrate and which is airtightly bonded to the conductive frame, and an insulating layer which is provided between the conductive layer and the first substrate and which airtightly bonds between the conductive layer and the first substrate; a display unit provided inside the airtight container; wires connected to the display unit; and electrodes. The insulating layer insulates the wires from the conductive frame and the electrodes and has through-holes penetrating from the electrodes toward the conductive frame, and the conductive layer is connected to the electrodes through the through-holes.

Abstract: An electron emission apparatus includes an insulating substrate, one or more grids located on the substrate, wherein the one or more grids includes: a first, second, third and fourth electrode that are located on the periphery of the gird, wherein the first and the second electrode are parallel to each other, and the third and fourth electrodes are parallel to each other; and one or more electron emission units located on the substrate. Each the electron unit includes at least one electron emitter, and the electron emitter includes a first end, a second end and a gap. At least one electron emission end is located in the gap.

Abstract: Field emission devices (FEDs) are provided. In one embodiment, an FED includes an electron emitter, a tube spaced apart from the electron emitter and having a first opening and a second opening, and a gate electrode disposed on an outer surface of the tube. The first opening is disposed at one end of the tube adjacent to the electron emitter, and the second opening is disposed at the other end of the tube. The FED further includes an anode that is spaced apart from the second opening and collects secondary electrons emitted from the second opening.

Abstract: A surface emission type electron source including a first electrode having a planar form, a second electrode having a planar form facing the first electrode, an electron passage layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, an insulator or semiconductor layer between the second electrode and the electron passage layer, and a power source part configured to apply a voltage to the second electrode and the first electrode. The electron passage layer includes plural quantum wires extending in a first direction from the first electrode to the second electrode. The quantum wires are made of silicon and spaced apart from each other at predetermined intervals, and electrons are emitted from a front surface of the second electrode. Protrusions protruding toward leading ends of the quantum wires are formed on a back surface of the second electrode at positions corresponding to the quantum wires.

Abstract: A conductive member is provided, surrounding a terminal, on a substrate so that a portion of the conductive member is positioned between wiring and the terminal. The conductive member includes, at an inner edge thereof, multiple portions whose distances from the terminal are different. The multiple portions include a portion whose distance from the terminal is shorter than that of a portion among the plurality of portions that is closest to the wiring.

Abstract: A flat panel display is disclosed. The flat panel display includes a plurality of electrically addressable pixels, a plurality of thin-film transistor driver circuits each been electrically coupled to an associated at least one of the pixels, respectively, a passivating layer on the thin-film transistor driver circuits and at least partially around the pixels, a conductive frame on the passivating layer, and a plurality of nanostructures on the conductive frame, wherein, creating a voltage difference between the pixels and the conductive frame by addressing one of the pixels using the associated driver circuit causes the nanostructures to emit electrons that induce a corresponding one of the pixels to emit light.

Abstract: A field emission lamp, capable of increasing the number of electron emitting points thereof, and of increasing the uniformity and the intensity of the light output therefrom by installing a lens unit is disclosed. The field emission lamp comprises: an outer shell having an inner surface, an anode portion formed on a portion of the inner surface of the outer shell, a cathode portion surrounded by the outer shell, a phosphor layer formed on a portion of the anode portion, and a lens unit disposed adjacent to the inner surface of the outer shell where the anode portion is not formed. Wherein, the phosphor layer generates light due to the bombardment of the electrons, the light passes through the lens unit and the inner surface of the outer shell where the anode portion is not formed, and outputs from the field emission lamp.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a field emission display, which includes: a base substrate; a plurality of cathode strips, disposed over the base substrate; an insulating layer, disposed over the cathode strips and having a plurality of openings, therewith the openings corresponding to the cathode strips; a plurality of anode strips, disposed over the insulating layer, where the cathode strips and the anode strips are arranged into a matrix and the anode strips individually have at least one impacted surface; and a plurality of subpixel units, individually including: an emissive region having a phosphor layer disposed over the impacted surface; and at least one emissive protrusion, corresponding to the emissive region and disposed in the openings to electrically connect to the cathode strips and protrude out of the openings. Accordingly, the present invention can enhance light utilization efficiency of a field emission display.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a field emission light source device, which includes: a base substrate; at least one cathode strip, disposed over the base substrate; at least one emissive protrusion, disposed over the cathode strip and electrically connected to the cathode strip; an insulating layer, disposed over the cathode strip and having at least one opening to allow the emissive protrusion to protrude out of the opening; at least one anode strip, disposed over the insulating layer, where the cathode strip and the anode strip are arranged into an m×n matrix and the at least one anode strip individually has an impacted surface corresponding to the emissive protrude; and a phosphor layer disposed over the impacted surface. Accordingly, the present invention can enhance light utilization efficiency of a field emission light source device.

Abstract: A field emission device includes a cathode, an anode, an emitter, a first adjusting electrode, and a second adjusting electrode. The emitter electrically connects to the cathode. The cathode, the first adjusting electrode, and the second adjusting electrode electrically connect to an electrode down-lead. The anode electrically connects another electrode down-lead. The cathode is disposed between the first adjusting electrode and the second adjusting electrode.

Abstract: A wireless communications system can include a charged particle generator configured to generate plural energized particles and a charge transformer configured to receive the plural energized particles that include charged particles from the charged particle generator and to output energized particles that include particles having substantially zero charge. The charged particle generator can be configured to direct the plural energized particles through the charge transformer to propagate through free space until received by a broadband signal receiver that can demodulate a data signal to complete the data communication.

Abstract: A method comprising patterning a substrate to form exposed regions of the substrate sized to deter entangled growth of carbon nanotubes thereon and growing vertically aligned nanotubes on the exposed regions of the substrate.

Abstract: A display apparatus according to the present invention has a plurality of electroconductive layers outside of an image display area. Mutually adjacent ones of the electroconductive layers are electrically connected by a resistor. The resistor has a first region, and a second region which is more separated from the image display area than the first region. The area of the second region per unit length in the direction separating from the image display area is smaller than the area of the first region.

Abstract: Surface field electron emitters using a carbon nanotube yarn and a method of fabricating the same are disclosed. To fabricate the carbon nanotube yarn for use in fabrication of simple and efficient carbon nanotube field electron emitters, the method performs densification of the carbon nanotube yarn during rotation of a plying unit and heat treatment of the carbon nanotube yarn that has passed through the plying unit without using organic or inorganic binders or polymer pastes. The method fabricates the carbon nanotube yarn with excellent homogeneity and reproducibility through a simple process. The carbon nanotube yarn-based surface field electron emitters can be applied to various light emitting devices.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a rear plate provided with a plurality of electron-emitting devices, each electron-emitting device emitting electron; a face plate disposed opposite the plurality of electron-emitting devices and provided with a plurality of pixels of phosphor, each pixel of phosphor being irradiated with electrons emitted from corresponding ones of the electron-emitting devices to generate light; and a driver for scanning the plurality of electron-emitting devices for emitting electron from the plurality of electron-emitting devices. The phosphor has luminescence center of allowed transition type material, and the driver scans the plurality of electron-emitting devices so that maximum of charge density dosed in one pixel phosphor, during one scanning period, is equal to or larger than 3×10?8 C/cm2.

Abstract: A method for making a field emission double-plane light source includes following steps. A metallic based network, a pair of anodes, and a number of supporting members, are provided. Each of the anodes includes an anode conductive layer and a fluorescent layer formed on the anode conductive layer. A number of carbon nanotubes, metallic conductive particles, glass particles and getter powders are mixed to form an admixture. The admixture is coated on an upper surface and a bottom surface of the network. The admixture on the upper and bottom surfaces of the network is dried and baked. The anodes, the cathode, and the supporting members are assembled and sealed to obtain the field emission double-plane light source.

Abstract: A method for producing an electron-emitting device includes forming a first conductive film on a side surface of an insulation layer including the side surface and a top surface connected to the side surface; forming a second conductive film from the top surface to the side surface and on the first conductive film; and etching the second electrically conductive film.

Abstract: A luminescent display is provided that comprises: a plurality of individual phosphor elements (13) formed over a glass anode plate (11), and conductive segments (21) formed on each of the individual phosphor elements, wherein each of the conductive segments are electrically isolated from one another and have an anode potential (15) applied thereto.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a field emission display and a manufacturing method of the same having selective positioning of electron field emitters. More specifically, the present invention provides a field emission display and a manufacturing method of the same having selective positioning of electron field emitters which can prevent a cross-talk that is a mutual interference phenomenon between pixels and improve uniformity of pixels based on uniform electron emission by deciding positions of carbon nano-tubes which are sources of electron emission and growing carbon nano-tubes before the structure of electrodes is formed, and forming spacers directly on electrodes such that the spacers divide carbon nano-tubes formed uniformly and selectively into pixel units.

Abstract: There is provided an image display apparatus including: a first substrate having an electron-emitting device; a second substrate having an anode electrode that is opposed to the electron-emitting device; and a conductive layer that is provided on the side of a second face of the second substrate, the second face being an opposite face to a first face of the second substrate, the first face being located on the first substrate side, wherein a potential of the conductive layer is set to be lower than a potential of the anode electrode when displaying an image; and a surface resistance of the conductive layer is higher than a surface resistance of the anode electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the manufacturing of a field-emission display (300), comprising the steps of arranging an electron-emission receptor (302) in an evacuated chamber, arranging a wavelength converting material (304) in the vicinity of the electron-emission receptor, and arranging an electron-emission source (100) in the evacuated chamber, the electron-emission source adapted to emit electrons towards the electron-emission receptor, wherein the electron-emission source is formed by providing a substrate, forming a plurality of ZnO-nanostructures on the substrate, wherein the ZnO-nanostructures each have a first end and a second end, and the first end is connected to the substrate, arranging an electrical insulation to electrically insulate the ZnO-nanostructures from each other, connecting an electrical conductive member to the second end of a selection of the ZnO-nanostructures, arranging a support structure onto of the electrical conductive member, and removing the substrate, there

Abstract: A light emission device for simplifying a structure of an electron emission unit and a manufacturing process thereof is provided. A display device using the light emission device as a light source is also provided. The light emission device includes a vacuum panel having a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other. A sealing member is between the first and second substrates. Recess portions each have a depth into a side of the first substrate facing the second substrate. Cathode electrodes are in corresponding recesses. Electron emission regions are on corresponding cathode electrodes. A gate electrode is fixed at one side of the first substrate at a distance from the electron emission regions. A light emission unit is at one side of the second substrate. The gate electrode includes a mesh unit having openings for passing through an electron beam and a supporting member surrounding the mesh unit.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a plasma display and a field emission display that each have high visibility and an anti-reflection function that can further reduce reflection of incident light from external. Reflection of light can be prevented by having an anti-reflection layer that geometrically includes a plurality of adjacent pyramidal projections. In addition, a plurality of hexagonal pyramidal projections, each of which is provided with a protective layer formed of a material having a lower refractive index than a refractive index of the pyramidal projection so as to fill a space among the plurality of pyramidal projections, can be provided to be packed together without any spaces. Further, six sides of a pyramidal projection face different directions with respect to a base. Therefore, light can be diffused in many directions efficiently.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electron emitting element which has good energy efficiency and which is capable of controlling a value of current flowing in an electron acceleration layer and an amount of emitted electrons by adjusting a resistance value of the electron acceleration layer and an amount of generated ballistic electrons. An electron emitting element 1 includes an electron acceleration layer 4 including a fine particle layer containing insulating fine particles. In the electron emitting element 1, Ie=?·R?0.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electron emitting device that includes a cathode, and a gate onto which electrons field-emitted from the cathode are irradiated. The gate includes at least a layer containing molybdenum and oxygen provided at a portion onto which the electrons field-emitted from the cathode are irradiated. The layer has peaks in a range of 397 eV through 401 eV, a range of 414 eV through 418 eV, a range of 534 eV through 538 eV, and a range of 540 eV through 547 eV, respectively, in a spectrum measured by electron energy loss spectroscopy using a transmission electron microscope.

Abstract: A triode field emission device (100) includes a sealed container (110) having a light permeable portion (120), a phosphor layer (130) formed on the light permeable portion in the sealed container, an anode (140) formed on the phosphor layer, a cathode (150) arranged in the sealed container and facing the light permeable portion, and a grid (160) arranged in the sealed container and between the cathode and the anode. The cathode has a carbon nanotube yarn (151) facing toward the light permeable portion configured for serving as an emission source for electrons.

Abstract: A field effect electron emitting apparatus comprising a substrate, a plurality of wires embedded in the substrate, at least a portion of each wire being exposed from the substrate and extending generally perpendicularly therefrom and including magnetic material, wherein the average wire spacing is less than 30 ?m, the average spacing height ratio is between 1 and 3 and the average wire aspect ratio is greater than 3. Also a method of manufacturing an electron emitting apparatus, a field effect display having such a field effect electron emitting apparatus, an illumination apparatus having such a field effect electron emitting apparatus, and a backlight apparatus for a liquid crystal display having such a field effect electron emitting apparatus.

Abstract: There are provided a display apparatus that can display an image having higher resolution feeling while solving the problem of patterning precision for sub pixels which is difficult to obtain in production, and a production method thereof.

Abstract: A light-emitting substrate includes a substrate, a plurality of light-emitting members arranged on the substrate in a matrix pattern, a partition arranged between respective adjacent ones of the plurality of light-emitting members and projecting relative to a surface of the substrate to a position higher than the light-emitting members, a plurality of conductors each covering at least one of the light-emitting members and arranged in a matrix pattern in a mutually spaced relation, and a resistor electrically interconnecting the plurality of conductors. The resistor has a column stripe portion extending in a column direction, and the column stripe portion is positioned on the partition.

Abstract: In a light emitting module arranging therein a plurality of LEDs, each LED includes: an LED chip; and an anode connected to the LED chip. The anode includes: a support surface supporting the LED chip; and an extending part extending with respect to the support surface, and the extending parts in the plurality of LEDs separate from each other.

Abstract: An electron beam apparatus is provided having an electron emitting device which has a simple configuration, exhibits high electron emission efficiency, operates stably, and in which emitted electrons are effectively converged. The electron beam apparatus includes: an insulator having a notch on its surface; a gate positioned on the surface of the insulator; at least one cathode having a protruding portion protruding from an edge of the notch toward the gate, and positioned on the surface of the insulator so that the protruding portion is opposed to the gate; and an anode arranged to be opposed to the protruding portion via the gate, wherein the gate is formed on the surface of the insulator so that at least a part of a region opposed to the cathode is projected outward and recessed portions are provided in which ends of the gate are recessed and interpose the projected region.

Abstract: There is provided a light emitter substrate which can suppress halation by forming a rib between adjacent light-emitting members of respectively different light emitting colors, and at the same time can withdraw a potential difference when a discharge occurs between adjacent metal backs, thereby achieving a desired discharging current suppressing capability. For that purpose, the plural parallel ribs protruding from a substrate are formed, a phosphor is provided between the adjacent ribs, plural divided metal backs are disposed respectively on the phosphors in the direction along the ribs, the metal back is connected to a feeding resistor on the rib by means of a connection conductor, and the feeding resistor is covered by a high-resistance cover member.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electron beam apparatus provided with an electron-emitting device which has a simple structure, shows high electron-emitting efficiency and stably works. This electron beam apparatus has an insulating member and a gate formed on a substrate, a recess portion formed in the insulating member, a protruding portion that protrudes from an edge of the recess portion toward the gate and is provided on an end part of a cathode opposing to the gate, which is arranged on the side face of the insulating member; and makes an electric field converge on an end part in the width direction of the protruding portion to make an electron emitted therefrom.

Abstract: Provided are electron emitters based upon diamondoid monolayers, preferably self-assembled higher diamondoid monolayers. High intensity electron emission has been demonstrated employing such diamondoid monolayers, particularly when the monolayers are comprised of higher diamondoids. The application of such diamondoid monolayers can alter the band structure of substrates, as well as emit monochromatic electrons, and the high intensity electron emissions can also greatly improve the efficiency of field-effect electron emitters as applied to industrial and commercial applications.

Abstract: A flat panel display including: a film electron emitting cathode; and, an anode including: a plurality of pixels, a plurality of TFT circuits, each being associated with a corresponding one of the circuits; and a conductive frame laterally separating the pixels and substantially isolating their respective electric fields.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a field emission apparatus and a method of driving the field emission apparatus, which has a three-pole structure of dual emitters formed on both first and second electrodes of a rear substrate in order to obviate a distinction between a gate and a cathode, thus enabling dual field emission. In such a field emission apparatus, a ground is formed between an anode and a point of the first and second electrodes of the rear substrate, and a square wave is applied thereto in order to alternately generate field emission in the first and second electrodes, thus increasing a light-emitting area and emission efficiency, decreasing a driving voltage and consumption power, saving the manufacturing cost and manufacturing time, and accomplishing a longer lifespan.

Abstract: Provided herein is a light-emitting apparatus capable of achieving both improved durability and higher brightness with an inexpensive and simple construction. A heat resistant glass substrate 51 is mounted in a vacuum chamber 5, and while an anode electrode 8 (and a light emitter 20) is mounted on the glass substrate, the glass substrate 51 is separated from a glass substrate 11. This precisely protects the vacuum chamber 5 from thermal damage due to light emission upon excitation, even when the current density between the cathode electrode 6 and the anode electrode 8 is controlled at a high level to cause the light emitter 20 to emit light at high brightness.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present invention, an electron/photon source is disclosed based on field emission, cathodoluminescent and photo-enhanced field emission, including an evacuated chamber inside a housing, further including an anode and a cathode arranged inside the evacuated chamber. Furthermore, the cathode is arranged to emit electrons when a voltage is applied between the anode and cathode, the anode being arranged to emit light at a first wavelength range when receiving electrons emitted from the cathode, and a wavelength range converting material arranged to receive the emitted light of the first wavelength range and emit light at a second wavelength range. In a novel way, an embodiment of the present invention makes it possible to, in two steps, convert the electrons emitted from the cathode to visible light.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a rear plate including an electron-emitting device; and a luminescent screen including a plurality of light-emitting members, a plurality of anode electrodes positioned so as to overlap the light-emitting members, a partition wall member positioned between the light-emitting members adjacent to each other, a stripe-shaped resistance member electrically connecting the anode electrodes adjacent to each other and being positioned on the partition wall member, and a feeding electrode electrically connecting the resistance member to a power supply, wherein the feeding electrode is, on a mesh-shaped base adjacent to the partition wall member, in contact with the resistance member and a terminal of the power supply circuit.

Abstract: Described is a micro-fabricated charged particle emission device including a substrate and a plurality of charged particle emission sites formed in the substrate. A path extends between each emission site and a source of liquid metal. Each path is coated with a wetting layer of non-oxidizing metal for wetting the liquid metal. Exemplary non-oxidizing metals that may be used to provide the wetting layer include gold and platinum. The wetting layer is sufficiently thin such that some liquid metal is able to flow to each emission site despite any chemical interaction between the liquid metal and the non-oxidizing metal of the wetting layer.

Abstract: An electron-emitting device includes an electron-emitting film containing molybdenum. A spectrum obtained by measuring a surface of the electron-emitting film by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has a first peak having a peak top in the range of 229±0.5 eV and a sub peak having a peak top in the range of 228.1±0.3 eV.

Abstract: In a light emitter substrate which has a resistor for connecting electrodes adjacent in a row direction, it aims to improve withstand discharge performance of the resistor. In the substrate comprising a substrate, plural light emitting members which are positioned in matrix on the substrate, plural electrodes each of which covers at least one of the light emitting members and which are positioned in matrix, and a row-direction striped resistor which is positioned between the electrodes adjacent in a column direction and connects the electrodes adjacent in a row direction and the column direction, a row-direction separated distance Gx? between the electrodes adjacent in the row direction at a connecting portion between the electrodes and the resistor is made larger than a row-direction separated distance Gx between the electrodes adjacent in the row direction at a portion covering the light emitting members (Gx?>Gx).