Abstract: A phosphorescent metal complex may include at least one metallic central atom M; and at least one ligand coordinated by the metallic central atom, wherein one ligand is bidentate with two uncharged coordination sites and comprises at least one carbene unit coordinated directly to the metal atom.

Abstract: A solid state lighting apparatus includes a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs). Each of the LEDs includes an LED device configured to emit light having about a first dominant wavelength and a phosphor configured to receive at least some of the light emitted by the LED device and responsively emit light having about a second dominant wavelength. A combined light emitted by the LED device and the phosphor of a first one of the plurality of LEDs has a first color point and a combined light emitted by the LED device and the phosphor of a second one of the plurality of LEDs has a second color point that falls outside a seven step Macadam ellipse around the first color point.

Abstract: There is provided a moisture-reactive composition comprising a moisture-reactive organometallic compound, and a polymer having a carboxyl group at the end of a main chain or a side chain. A moisture-absorbing film formed of the moisture-reactive composition is also provided. An organic electroluminescent device comprising the moisture-reactive composition is also provided wherein a laminate is formed by interposing an organic luminescent material layer made of an organic material between a pair of electrodes facing each other, and a structure shields the laminate from the outside air, and drying means are arranged in the structure, wherein the drying means is formed of the moisture-reactive composition.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display (OLED) apparatus and a method of manufacturing the same, the OLED apparatus including: a substrate; an active layer formed on the substrate; a gate electrode insulated from the active layer; source and drain electrodes insulated from the gate electrode and electrically connected to the active layer; a pixel defining layer formed on the source and drain electrodes, having an aperture to expose one of the source and drain electrodes; an intermediate layer formed in the aperture and comprising an organic light emitting layer; and a facing electrode which is formed on the intermediate layer. One of the source and drain electrodes has an extension that operates as a pixel electrode. The aperture exposes the extended portion. The intermediate layer is formed on the extended portion.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence (EL) module capable of reducing a processing loss of wiring boards for supplying power to an anode and a cathode is provided. Each wiring board (5) is formed by bending a strip conductor in a manner that parts of the strip in the same surface contacting each other, and is arranged on the outer periphery of the element substrate (2) in a manner of connecting the extended anode (31P) with the same pole and connecting the extended cathode (31M) with the same pole. In this manner, the wiring boards (5) having a width satisfying a shape of the electrodes without cutting a conductive plate into a U shape.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display device includes a first substrate, a plurality of organic light emitting devices on the first substrate, a second substrate arranged opposite and substantially parallel to the first substrate with the organic light emitting devices therebetween, a plurality of spacers between the organic light emitting devices and the second substrate, and a plurality of fillers alternately arranged with the spacers and configured to fill in space between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein at least portions of the spacers overlap with a plurality of light emitting regions corresponding to the organic light emitting devices. The spacers and fillers are composed of transparent materials having refractive indexes similar to each other so that visibility and image quality are not lowered and the distance between the substrates is substantially constant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a field emission planar lighting lamp, which comprises: a base substrate; cathodes disposed on the base substrate; anodes disposed on the base substrate, wherein the cathodes are disposed beside the anodes, each anode has an impacted surface corresponding to the cathodes, and the impacted surface is an inclined plane or a curved plane; a phosphor layer disposed on the impacted surface of the anode; and a front substrate corresponding to the base substrate, wherein the anodes and the cathodes are disposed between the base substrate and the front substrate.

Abstract: A color temperature tunable white light source comprises: first and second LED arrangements operable to emit light of first and second wavelength range respectively that are configured such that their combined light output, which comprises light generated by the source, appears white in color. One or both LED arrangements comprises a phosphor provided remote to an associated LED operable to generate excitation radiation and to irradiate the phosphor such that it emits light of a different wavelength range, wherein the light emitted by the LED arrangement comprises the combined light from the LED and phosphor. The color temperature of output white light is tunable by controlling the relative light outputs of the LED arrangements by for example controlling the relative magnitude of the drive currents of the LEDs or a duty cycle of a pulse width modulated drive current.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence device includes: a cathode; an anode; and a single-layered or multilayered organic thin-film layer provided between the cathode and the anode. In the organic electroluminescence device, the organic thin-film layer includes at least one emitting layer, and the at least one emitting layer contains: at least one phosphorescent material; and a host material represented by the following formula (1).

Abstract: A display unit capable of preventing breaking of a second electrode and decreasing a leakage current through an organic layer is provided. The display unit includes a plurality of organic light emitting devices over a flat substrate. Each of the plurality of organic light emitting devices has a first electrode, an insulating film having an aperture correspondingly to the first electrode, an organic layer formed at least on the first electrode in the aperture and composed of a plurality of layers including a light emitting layer, and a second electrode sequentially. The insulating film has a low taper section having a tilt angle formed by a side face of the aperture and a flat face of the substrate that is smaller than a tilt angle of the other section of a circumference of the aperture in part of the circumference of the aperture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new imidazole derivative, a method for preparing the derivative, and an organic electronic device using the derivative. The imidazole derivative according to the invention can perform functions of hole injection, hole transportation, electron injection, electron transportation, and/or light emission in an organic electronic device including an organic light-emitting device. The organic electronic device according to the invention exhibits excellent characteristics in terms of efficiency, drive voltage and stability.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus including a common substrate, a plurality of controlled electronic devices disposed over the common substrate, and a wiring layer having a plurality of conductors formed on the common substrate. A plurality of chiplets are located over the common substrate, each chiplet having an independent substrate separate from the common substrate, each independent substrate having a bottom side opposing a top side with one or more connection pads formed on the bottom side of the chiplet, and each chiplet including circuitry for controlling functions of one or more of the controlled electronic devices. The chiplets are adhered to the common substrate with the bottom side of the chiplet closer to the common substrate than the top side of the chiplet, and each connection pad is electrically connected to one of the plurality of conductors.

Abstract: An organic compound and a charge-transporting material which are excellent in both a hole-transporting property and an electron-transporting property and have excellent electrical oxidation/reduction durability and a high triplet excitation level are provided, and an organic electroluminescent device which uses this organic compound and has high luminous efficiency and high driving stability and long lifetime is provided, wherein the organic compound has two or more partial structures represented by the following Formula (I): wherein Cz denotes a carbazolyl group; Z is as defined; and Q denotes a direct link connected to G present in a moiety represented by the following Formula (II): wherein B1 ring is a six-membered aromatic heterocycle containing n N atoms as a hetero atom; n is an integer of 1 to 3; G is as defined; and m is an integer of 3 to 5.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for forming an organic molecular film structure that can maintain desired functions characteristic to the organic material and that can be realized as a thin film, and the organic molecular film structure. An organic molecular film structure forming method for forming an organic molecular film on a base material comprises the steps of: i) forming a monomolecular film (12) that contains first organic molecules (12a) by chemically bonding a surface of the base material (10) and the first organic molecules (12a); and ii) causing second organic molecules (15) to be present inside the monomolecular film (12) by bringing the second organic molecules (15) into contact with the monomolecular film (12). Accordingly, it is possible to form an organic molecular film that can maintain desired functions characteristic to the organic material and that can be realized as a thin film.

Abstract: A method of making a white LED package structure having a silicon substrate comprises providing a silicon substrate and performing an etching process to form a plurality of cup-structures on a top surface of the silicon substrate. Next, a reflective layer on the top surface of the silicon substrate is formed, and a transparent insulating layer on the reflective layer is formed. Subsequently, a plurality of blue LEDs are respectively bonded in each cup-structure, wherein the blue LEDs have various wavelengths. Last, a plurality of kinds of phosphor powders corresponding to the wavelengths of the blue LEDs are mixed with each other and added to a sealing material, and a sealing process is performed to form a phosphor structure on the cup-structures.

Abstract: A light emitting device comprises a flip-chip light emitting diode (LED) die mounted on a submount. The top surface of the submount has a reflective layer. Over the LED die is molded a hemispherical first transparent layer. A low index of refraction layer is then provided over the first transparent layer to provide TIR of phosphor light. A hemispherical phosphor layer is then provided over the low index layer. A lens is then molded over the phosphor layer. The reflection achieved by the reflective submount layer, combined with the TIR at the interface of the high index phosphor layer and the underlying low index layer, greatly improves the efficiency of the lamp. Other material may be used. The low index layer may be an air gap or a molded layer. Instead of a low index layer, a distributed Bragg reflector may be sputtered over the first transparent layer.

Abstract: A dispersion-type EL element is a dispersion-type electroluminescent element with at least a transparent coating layer, a transparent conductive layer, a phosphor layer, a dielectric layer and a rear electrode layer sequentially formed on a base film surface. The transparent coating layer can be peeled off the surface of the base film. The transparent conductive layer is formed by applying a coating liquid composed mainly of conductive oxide particles and a binder on a surface of the transparent coating layer, applying compression processing to the applied layer and then curing the compressed layer.

Abstract: A light-emitting device of the present invention includes: a light-emitting element; and a phosphor layer containing phosphors that absorb light from the light-emitting element and wavelength-convert the absorbed light to emit light. The phosphor layer has a structure in which the phosphors are disposed on an applied adhesive with a thickness equal to or less than an average particle size of the phosphors. A thickness of the phosphor layer is equal to or less than five times the average particle size of the phosphors, and an occupancy ratio of the phosphors in the phosphor layer is 50% or more. Further, the phosphors disposed on the adhesive has an adjusted particle size.

Abstract: The invention is a sealed thick film dielectric display where the display comprises a thick film dielectric display structure and an adhesive layer provided over the display structure. The invention also provides a seal where the seal comprises an adhesive layer bonded to the underside of a cover plate and to the surface of a thick film dielectric electroluminescent display. The seal substantially inhibits the exposure of display components to atmospheric contaminants.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a support substrate which includes a light-emitting layer and a light extraction surface, and a light transmission layer, formed on the light extraction surface of the support substrate, having a periodic refractive index distribution structure in an in-plane direction and a thickness direction, the light transmission layer including a plurality of projections formed of a having a refractive index lower than that of the support substrate.

Abstract: There are provided a wavelength conversion member including phosphors made of phosphor particles which are made of an oxynitride and/or a nitride and have a refractive index n1, and a coating which coats each of the phosphor particles and has a refractive index n2, and a medium having the phosphors dispersed therein and having a refractive index n3, the refractive index n2 of the coating being a value between n3 and n1, and a light-emitting device having the wavelength conversion member incorporated therein. It is preferable in the present invention that the coating is formed of a plurality of layers, and has its refractive index varying in a stepwise manner in a direction from a surface of each of the phosphor particles to an interface with the medium.

Abstract: A multi-chip lighting emitting device (LED) lamp for providing white light includes a submount including first and second die mounting regions thereon. A first LED chip is mounted on the first die mounting region, and a second LED chip is mounted on the second die mounting region. The LED lamp is configured to emit light having a spectral distribution including at least four different color peaks to provide the white light. For example, a first conversion material may at least partially cover the first LED chip, and may be configured to absorb at least some of the light of the first color and re-emit light of a third color. In addition, a second conversion material may at least partially cover the first and/or second LED chips, and may be configured to absorb at least some of the light of the first and/or second colors and re-emit light of a fourth color. Related light fixtures and methods are also discussed.

Abstract: A lighting device comprising first and second groups of solid state light emitters, which emit light having peak wavelength in ranges of from 430 nm to 480 nm, and first and second groups of lumiphors which emit light having dominant wavelength in the range of from 555 nm to 585 nm. In some embodiments, if current is supplied to a power line, a combination of (1) light exiting the lighting device which was emitted by the first group of emitters, and (2) light exiting the lighting device which was emitted by the first group of lumiphors would have a correlated color temperature which differs by at least 50 K from a correlated color temperature which would be emitted by a combination of (3) light exiting the lighting device which was emitted by the second group of emitters, and (4) light exiting the lighting device which was emitted by the second group of lumiphors.

Abstract: An inorganic electroluminescence device including a first electrode and a second electrode disposed apart from each other, and a dielectric material layer disposed between the first and second electrodes. The dielectric material layer has a micro-tubular shape, and a light emitting layer is filled in the dielectric material layer.

Abstract: We disclose a highly transmissive electroluminescent lamp, where the lamp has a front electrode electrically connected to a first clear conductive layer of PDOT or functionally similar material, a phosphor layer and a dielectric layer. The phosphor layer contains nano-particles of phosphor, where the nano-particles have a size less than about 100 nm. The dielectric layer contains nano-particles of a dielectric, where these nano-particles having a size less than about 100 nm. There is a second clear conductive layer of PDOT, and a back electrode electrically connected to the second clear conductive layer, for energizing the lamp. In other embodiments, the particles in the phosphor layer may have sizes larger than 100 nm, while still achieving the effect of substantial transparency of the lamp.

Abstract: The invention teaches electrospun light-emitting fibers made from ionic transition metal complexes (“iTMCs”) such as [Ru(bpy)3]2+(PF6.)2]/PEO mixtures with dimensions in the 10.0 nm to 5.0 micron range and capable of highly localized light emission at low operating voltages such as 3-4 V with turn-on voltages approaching the band-gap limit of the organic semiconductor that may be used as point source light emitters on a chip.

Abstract: A dispersion-type electroluminescence device is provided, the dispersion-type electroluminescence device including: a pair of electrodes including a transparent electrode and a back electrode; and at least a light emitting layer provided between the pair of electrodes, the light emitting layer containing phosphor particles, wherein the phosphor particles have D10 of more than 10 ?m, D90 of less than 32 ?m, and a D90/D10 value of less than 2.40, where D10 and D90 are particle diameters at 10% and 90% values in cumulative distribution of particle size distribution.

Abstract: In an organic electroluminescent display device comprising a wiring layer, an insulating layer, a first electrode, an organic electroluminescent layer, and a second electrode, wiring which conducts with a second electrode is arranged between light emitting pixels, and is provided either between an organic electroluminescent layer and the second electrodes, or on top of the second electrodes.

Abstract: A method for generating white light and a lighting device are provided. The method comprises exciting blue cathodoluminescence material by FED to generate blue light; exciting yellow photoluminescence material by the blue light generated to generate yellow light, complexing the residual blue light that do not excite the yellow photoluminescence material and the yellow light to generate a white light.

Abstract: The sealing agent for an optical semiconductor device, which comprises: a silicone resin having a cyclic ether-containing group in the molecular structure; a heat curing agent capable of reacting with the cyclic ether-containing group; and a fine particulate material of silicon oxide, and the sealing agent having a viscosity of 500 to 10,000 mPa·s measured by an E-type viscometer at 25° C. at 5 rpm, a thixotropic value of 1.2 to 2.5 calculated by dividing a viscosity measured by the E-type viscometer at 25° C. at 1 rpm by a viscosity measured at 10 rpm (viscosity at 1 rpm/viscosity at 10 rpm), and a minimum viscosity of 100 mPa·s or higher measured at 1 s?1 in the temperature range of 25° C. to a curing temperature by a parallel plate rheometer.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a light emitting device having high luminous efficiency and high stability. The light emitting device includes two electrodes and a light emitting layer interposed between the two electrodes, in which the light emitting layer contains luminous nanoparticles, and the luminous nanoparticles each have a particle diameter smaller than a thickness of the light emitting layer, and each include a metal coordination compound having a ligand formed of an organic compound.

Abstract: A multi-chip lighting emitting device (LED) lamp for providing white light includes a submount including first and second die mounting regions thereon. A first LED chip is mounted on the first die mounting region, and a second LED chip is mounted on the second die mounting region. The LED lamp is configured to emit light having a spectral distribution including at least four different color peaks to provide the white light. For example, a first conversion material may at least partially cover the first LED chip, and may be configured to absorb at least some of the light of the first color and re-emit light of a third color. In addition, a second conversion material may at least partially cover the first and/or second LED chips, and may be configured to absorb at least some of the light of the first and/or second colors and re-emit light of a fourth color. Related light fixtures and methods are also discussed.

Abstract: An optical material is provided. The optical material includes a nanoparticle-resin composite material in which metal oxide nanoparticles are dispersed in a polymer, wherein the metal oxide nanoparticles are crystalline and have a particle diameter of 1×10?8 m or less, wherein surfaces of the metal oxide nanoparticles are coated with a surfactant, and wherein the metal oxide nanoparticles are crystallized at a temperature greater than or equal to 200° C. and less than or equal to 400° C. A light assembly including the nanoparticle-resin composite material is also provided.

Abstract: A light emitting device includes a plurality of types of light emitting elements including at least a red light emitting element that outputs red light, a green light emitting element that outputs green light, and a blue light emitting element that outputs blue light.

Abstract: The wavelength-converting casting composition is based on a transparent epoxy casting resin with a luminous substance admixed. The composition is used in an electroluminescent component having a body that emits ultraviolet, blue or green light. An inorganic luminous substance pigment powder with luminous substance pigments is dispersed in the transparent epoxy casting resin. The luminous substance is a powder of Ce-doped phosphors and the luminous substance pigments have particle sizes ?20 ?m and a mean grain diameter d50?5 ?m.

Abstract: A method for forming an electronic device having a semiconducting active layer comprising a polymer, the method comprising aligning the chains of the polymer parallel to each other by bringing the polymer into a liquid-crystalline phase.

Abstract: An article includes a display layer having an outward facing surface and an inward facing surface. The display layer includes a light-emitting device that generates heat and light during use. A thermal transport layer may be secured to the display layer. The thermal transport layer may include a thermally conductive material that can transport heat generated by the light-emitting device away from the light-emitting device.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting device and methods of forming the same are provided. The organic light-emitting device includes: a substrate having a pixel area and a peripheral circuit area; a reflective layer on the substrate, the reflective layer having a first reflective part in the pixel area and a second reflective part in the peripheral circuit area; a first electrode layer having a first part on the first reflective part; a pixel definition layer on the substrate, the pixel definition layer forming a plurality of pixel openings to expose a portion of the first part of the first electrode layer and at least one electrode contact hole to expose the second reflective part; an organic light-emitting layer on the first electrode layer; and a second electrode layer on the organic light-emitting layer, the second electrode layer extending to the peripheral circuit area to electrically couple with the exposed area of the second reflective part.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device and its method of manufacturing are provided. The organic electroluminescent device may include a rear substrate, an organic electroluminescent unit including a first electrode, an organic film, and a second electrode stacked on a surface of the rear substrate. It may also include a front substrate joined to the rear substrate to seal an internal space in which the organic electroluminescent unit is disposed. It may also include a porous oxide layer composed of a porous silica and a metal compound on a lower surface thereof. A device constructed according to the present invention may have excellent adsorption of moisture and oxygen, thereby increasing the life span of the device.

Abstract: An organic light emissive device comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic light emissive region between the first and second electrodes comprising an organic light emissive material which has a peak emission wavelength, wherein at least one of the electrodes is transparent and comprises a composite of a charge injecting metal and another material which is codepositable with the charge injecting metal, the other material having a different refractive index to that of the charge injecting metal and wherein the other material has a lower degree of quenching at the peak emission wavelength than the charge injecting metal whereby quenching of excitons by the at least one electrode is reduced, the charge injecting metal comprising either a low work function metal having a work function of no more than 3.5 eV or a high work function metal having a work function of no less than 4.5 eV.

Abstract: A lighting device includes a printed wiring board, a plurality of light-emitting elements, a sealing member, and a color conversion unit, and an adhesive layer. The sealing member has light transmitting properties and seals the light-emitting elements mounted on the printed wiring board. The color conversion unit includes a cover member of light transmitting properties, and a fluorescent substance layer provided on the inner surface of the cover member. The adhesive layer has light-transmitting properties, and adheres the sealing member to the fluorescent substance layer of the color conversion unit in an airtight manner.

Abstract: A light conversion structure ensuring good light transmission and less deterioration and capable of controlling light to a desired color tone and emitting a highly bright light, and a light-emitting device using the same. The light conversion structure is a light conversion structure including a layer formed of a ceramic composite, which absorbs a part of a first light to emit a second light and transmits a part of the first light, and a fluorescent layer for the control of color tone, which is formed on the surface of the ceramic composite and which absorbs a part of the first light or a part of the second light to emit a third light and transmits a part of the first light or a part of the second light, wherein the ceramic composite includes a solidified body where at least two or more metal oxide phases are formed continuously and three-dimensionally entangled with each other, and at least one metal oxide phase in the solidified body includes a metal element oxide capable of emitting fluorescence.

Abstract: Disclosed is an organic EL device comprising a transparent electroconductive anode layer which is formed by a simple coating method that enables film formation at a low temperature, which organic EL device is free from electrical short circuit between the transparent electroconductive anode layer and a cathode layer. Also disclosed is a transparent electroconductive layered structure used for manufacturing such an organic EL device. The transparent electroconductive layered structure is characterized by comprising a flat and smooth substrate, a transparent electroconductive anode layer which is formed on the substrate by a coating method and mainly composed of conductive particles, and a transparent substrate joined to the transparent electroconductive anode layer via an adhesive layer. The transparent electroconductive layered structure is also characterized in that the flat and smooth substrate can be separated from the transparent electroconductive anode layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a white organic light-emitting element high in the emission efficiency. In particular, the invention provides a white organic light-emitting element that has an emission spectrum having peaks in the respective wavelength regions of red color, green color and blue color and is high in the emission efficiency. Since a spectrum region lowest in the emission efficiency is a red region, by introducing a reddish phosphorescent material, a highly efficient white organic light-emitting element is obtained. At this time, in order to inhibit the reddish phosphorescent material from singularly emitting, as shown in FIG. 1, a distance between a second emission region 114 where a reddish phosphorescent material 124 is a luminescent material and a first emission region 113 that exhibits emission in a shorter wavelength side than the second emission region is separated. In a configuration shown in FIG.

Abstract: There is provided an electro-luminescence device in which a display base substrate including a display body layer having a switching element disposed in the shape of a matrix and a light emitting element having a light emitting state controlled by the switching element and a sealing layer having a gas barrier layer that is formed on the display body layer and has at least a function for blocking water vapor and a protection substrate made of a translucent material and having a surface on which at least two types of gap control layers made of different materials are stacked are bonded such that a gap control layer, disposed on the uppermost layer, of the gap control layers and the gas barrier layer are brought into contact with each other, wherein the gap control layer disposed on the uppermost layer has a Young's modulus lower than the gas barrier layer.

Abstract: A light-emitting device comprising a pair of baseplates respectively having surfaces facing each other, each surface having an electrode formed thereon, and a light-emitting layer sandwiched between the two baseplates. The light-emitting layer contains an ionic liquid and a light-emitting material dissolved in the ionic liquid. Since the light-emitting device is made without using any organic solvent, it is highly safe, does not deteriorate in emission characteristics, and requires a decreased number of constituent materials.

Abstract: Various phosphor compositions and organic compounds can be used in fluorescent layers for scanning beam displays. In general, one aspect of the subject matter described in this specification can be embodied in method of adjusting an emission spectrum of a phosphor material used in a display system that includes a fluorescent layer that absorbs an excitation light at a single wavelength and emits visible light. The method includes generating a binder mixture by combining one or more non-phosphor organic compounds with a binder material, wherein the binder mixture substantially transmits the excitation light and substantially absorbs a portion of the emission spectrum of the phosphor material. The method also includes combining the binder mixture with the phosphor material.

Abstract: A light-emitting module (1) includes a substrate (10), a plurality of light-emitting elements (14) formed on the substrate (10), and phosphor layers (15) covering each of the light-emitting elements (14). Each of the phosphor layers (15) includes a first phosphor region (15a) and a second phosphor region (15b) that are divided in the direction substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate (10). Each of the first phosphor region (15a) and the second phosphor region (15b) includes a phosphor that absorbs light emitted from the light-emitting element (14) and emits fluorescence. The maximum peak wavelength of fluorescence emitted from the first phosphor region (15a) is longer than that of fluorescence emitted from the second phosphor region (15b).

Abstract: The invention relates to phosphor-conversion (PC) sources of white light, which are composed of at least two groups of emitters, such as blue electroluminescent light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and wide-band (WB) or narrow-band (NB) phosphors that partially absorb and convert the flux generated by the LEDs to other wavelengths, and to improving the quality of the white light emitted by such light sources. In particular, embodiments of the present invention describe new 3-4 component combinations of peak wavelengths and bandwidths for white PC LEDs with partial conversion. These combinations are used to provide spectral power distributions that enable lighting with a considerable portion of a high number of spectrophotometrically calibrated colors rendered almost indistinguishably from a blackbody radiator or daylight illuminant, and which differ from distributions optimized using standard color-rendering assessment procedures based on a small number of test samples.

Abstract: A fluorescence conversion medium comprising, a fluorescent fine particle formed of an inorganic nanocrystal which absorbs visible and/or near ultraviolet light and emits visible fluorescence, and a transparent medium which disperses the fluorescent fine particle therein, an absorbance at a wavelength where the fluorescent intensity is maximized being in the range of 0.1 to 1.