Abstract: A compact fluorescent lamp comprises a discharge tube arrangement with at least one discharge tube. The tube is formed of glass, encloses a discharge volume filled with a discharge gas and has a fluorescent phosphor coating disposed on the inner surface of the tube. The tube forms a continuous arc path and is provided with electrodes disposed at each end of the arc path. The lamp also comprises a ballast circuit mounted on a printed circuit board, which is oriented in a plane substantially parallel to the principal axis of the lamp. The ballast circuit is connected to the electrodes by lead-in wires and to a supply voltage by lead-out wires and controls the current in the tube. A bulb shaped outer envelope has a substantially spherical portion enclosing at least a part of the tube arrangement and an elongated end portion enclosing at least the ballast circuit.

Abstract: A discharge lamp, and particularly a high-pressure gas-discharge lamp (an HID (high-intensity discharge) lamp or UHP (ultra-high performance) lamp), having a reflector and a cooling means is described. The cooling means comprises at least one nozzle (3) by which a flow of gas can be directed onto the discharge lamp, the at least one nozzle (3) being so arranged that it does not extend, at least to any substantial degree, into a beam path produced by the lamp (2) and the reflector (1). In this way, the cooling means does not produce any obstacles on the beam path for the light. With preferred embodiments, it is possible to produce a turbulent flow that surrounds particularly the discharge vessel (21) of the lamp and that considerably increases the effectiveness of the cooling means. Further embodiments also allow the discharge lamp to be operated in a plurality of different positions without individual regions of the lamp being too little or too severely cooled.

Abstract: The present invention provides a flat panel fluorescent lamp and fabricating method thereof, by which an acquisition rate of externally transmissive light and discharge uniformity are enhanced. The present invention includes a fluorescent layer on an upper plate to have a plurality of prominences and depressions, a lower plate leaving a predetermined gap from the upper plate to form a hermetic space together with the upper plate, at least one or more electrodes on the lower plate, and an insulating layer on the at least one or more electrodes.

Abstract: A plasma lamp is provided having an integrated dielectric waveguide structure having a body, a gas housing formed within the body and having an aperture formed at a first outer surface of the body, a fill mixture disposed within the gas housing, and a probe operatively coupled to the body so that microwave energy supplied to the fill mixture forms a plasma that emits high intensity light.

Abstract: In a metal halide lamp, xenon gas having a pressure of at least 3 atmospheres at room temperature and at least a metal halide including indium iodide are sealed in a discharge space not containing mercury. If the volume of the discharge space is denoted by V (mm3), the electric power applied to the arc tube by P (W), and the weight of the indium iodide by X (?g), these parameters are set so as to satisfy a relationship (P/V)(X/V)0.2>3.0. A continuous emission spectrum can thereby be produced by indium over the entire visible wavelength range, thus obtaining a mercury-free metal halide lamp that is usable as an excellent white light source suitable for data projectors, automobile lamps, headlights, and other systems and devices.

Abstract: A UV radiator has an essentially tubular discharge vessel designed to produce dielectric barrier discharges at one end and sealed in a gas-tight manner at both ends, and in each case at least one elongate inner and outer electrode which is oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the discharge vessel. If it is imagined that the tubular part of the discharge vessel is split into two equal halves by an imaginary longitudinal section, the at least one inner electrode is arranged on the inside of the first imaginary tube half, and the at least one outer electrode is arranged on the outside of the second imaginary tube half, and essentially diametrically with respect to one another. As a result, and as a result of the shape and number and arrangement of the outer electrode(s), directional radiation characteristics are achieved.

Abstract: A mandrel has a main body having a substantially-cone-shape. The main body has, on its circumferential surface, a spiral-shaped groove at which the glass tube to be wound is held. The groove, in cross section, has a contact range in which the glass tube's circumferential surface is in contact. One end of the contact range corresponds to a circumference part of the glass tube in wound state which is closest to the axis of the main body of the mandrel, a part of the groove that extends from the circumference part towards the apex of the main body is parallel to the axis of the mandrel, and the pitch of the groove in the axial direction of the mandrel is formed smaller than the outer diameter of the glass tube. The glass tube wound on the mandrel is easily removed from the main body by lowering the mandrel. In the arc tube formed in such a way, any two glass tube portions, which are adjacent to each other in the axial direction of the arc tube, overlap with each other.

Abstract: A plasma display panel having barrier ribs designed to prevent phosphor material from forming on a top surface thereof. The barrier ribs include a plurality of parallel first barrier rib members and a plurality of parallel second barrier rib members formed substantially perpendicularly intersecting the first barrier rib members. The first barrier rib members have a cross-sectional apex width and the second barrier rib members have a cross-sectional apex. The apex width of the first barrier rib members is less than the apex width of the second barrier rib members, so that when the phosphor material is deposited thereon, the phosphor accumulates on the sidewalls of the barrier ribs and between the barrier ribs, and not on top of the barrier ribs, thus improving image quality.

Abstract: A metal vapor discharge lamp whose near-infrared radiation is stronger than a conventional high-pressure discharge lamp, a projector utilizing this discharge lamp, and a metal vapor discharge lamp lighting device are disclosed. The metal vapor discharge lamp comprises a refractory light-transmitting hermetic vessel, a pair of electrode fixed to the hermetic vessel, and a discharge medium sealed in the hermetic vessel and containing a halide and a rare gas. Most of the light irradiated when the discharge lamp is in the ON state has near-infrared wavelengths (750–1100 nm).

Abstract: The bulb (1) of the lamp which defines a longitudinal axis (A) is closed at one end by a seal (3), contact elements being fitted to the one end which are each electrically conductively connected to a power supply line (2) leading to a luminous element, the contact element being accommodated in a tubular part (15) of the seal part, characterized in that the contact element (5) protrudes outwards and is equipped in the interior of the tubular part with at least two outwardly protruding centering parts (10, 11) which are in contact with the tubular extension (16).

Abstract: A discharge lamp employs an arc tube (30), an outer bulb envelope (20), and a floating mount structure for mounting the arc tube within the outer bulb envelope. The floating mount structure employs a metal strap (60, 61) engaging a pinch (31, 32) of the arc tube and a frame wire (41-43) electrically connected to an electrode extending through the pinch. The metal strap is electrically isolated from the frame wire to thereby impede a production of photoelectrons by the metal strap when the lamp is in operation. The electric isolation of the metal strap from the frame wire can be established by electrically insulating (100) any connection of the metal strap to the frame wire and by establishing an air gap (AG1) between any unconnected portions of the metal strap and the frame wire.

Abstract: A plasma display panel is disclosed. The plasma display panel includes a front substrate on which first and second electrodes are formed in parallel to each other, a rear substrate on which a third electrode is formed to intersect the first and second electrodes, and a barrier rib, formed between the front and rear substrates. At least one of the first electrode or the second electrode is formed in the form of a single layer. At least one of the first electrode or the second electrode has a portion with the curvature.

Abstract: An arc tube includes an arc tube body and a pair of electrodes. The arc tube body is formed from a glass tube which is double-spirally wound from a middle portion to both ends around a spiral axis. The pair of electrodes are sealed at both ends of the arc tube body. Mercury is enclosed in the arc tube substantially in a single form. Each of the electrodes includes a multiple-coiled filament which is wound substantially one turn in a last coiling stage.

Abstract: The electrode mount includes a filament coil, paired lead wires supporting the filament coil therebetween in a manner that the filament coil hangs across the lead wires; and bead glass retaining the paired leadwires. The arc tube includes an arc tube main body formed by winding a glass tube, and an electrode fixed to the end portion of the arc tube main body. For this electrode, the electrode mount is used. The fixing of the electrode mount at the end portion of the arc tube main body is made at a region of the lead wires positioned between the filament coil and the bead glass, and the bead glass is disposed outside the arc tube main body.

Abstract: A light source device has a bulb, a discharge medium containing rare gas sealed inside the bulb, an internal electrode disposed inside the bulb, and an external electrode disposed outside the bulb. A holder member holds the external electrode so that the external electrode is opposed to the bulb with a predetermined distance of a space therebetween.

Abstract: A plasma display panel with an improved sustain electrode structure and capable of enhancing optical efficiency includes: a rear substrate; address electrodes arranged in a predetermined pattern on the rear substrate; a lower dielectric layer arranged to cover the address electrodes; barrier ribs arranged on the lower dielectric layer; phosphors arranged to be applied to internal sections of discharge cells defined by the barrier ribs; a front substrate arranged opposite the rear substrate; sustain electrodes including bus electrodes arranged in a predetermined pattern and transparent electrodes having relatively wider widths than that of the bus electrodes and arranged to extend toward the internal sections of the discharge cells from the bus electrodes, the transparent electrodes including lead-in parts each having a width equal to 0.5 to 1.

Abstract: A metal halide lamp includes a translucent air tight vessel having a light emitting tube portion with an internal discharge space, and sealing portions formed on both sides. A discharge medium in the discharge space contains at least metal halide and rare gas. A pair of electrodes, one ends of which are sealed at sealing portion and the other end of which are arranged in the discharge space facing each other. The discharge space has a nearly circular shape in a cross section perpendicular to the tube axis and has a structure in which the discharge medium is accumulated between the electrodes. The light emitting tube portion has a wall thickness of a lower portion thinner than that of an upper portion. The metal halide lamp has a high luminous efficiency, a quick rise of light flux and an easy manufacturing ability.

Abstract: A T8 fluorescent lamp having a diameter of about 1 inch, the inert gas in the fill being 5-80 mole % neon, balance argon, the fill gas pressure being 1.5-5 torr, the lamp being operated at higher power such as a current of 250-1000 ma, to provide high light output such as for stage and studio applications.

Abstract: Device for producing a plasma, in particular for treating surfaces, for chemically reacting gases, or for producing light, by way of microstructure electrode discharges, using a device for producing plasma having at least one guide structure. A microwave generator which can be used to launch microwaves into the guide structure. The guide structure has a locally narrowly limited plasma region in contact with a gas. The guide structure is preferably a metallic waveguide filled with a dielectric material, or an arrangement of strip lines which run on a dielectric plate. The device and the method are particularly suited for processing or activating surfaces or for depositing layers on a substrate.

Abstract: A dielectric barrier discharge lamp with a discharge vessel (1) has at least one inner electrode (5a; 5b) which is covered with a dielectric layer (6a; 6b) and is arranged on the inner side of the discharge vessel (1) The at least one inner electrode (5a; 5b) is electrically conductively connected to a supply conductor (8a; 8b) in a leadthrough region, the leadthrough region being realized by a gastight pinch (9).

Abstract: A plasma display apparatus is equipped with a signal input terminal responsive to a user's application. The plasma display apparatus includes a panel including a pair of substrates, wherein at least one of the substrates is transparent. The substrates are placed opposite to each other to form a discharge space in between, and electrodes are provided to the substrate. The plasma display apparatus also includes a display driving circuit block, disposed on a chassis and equipped with at least one signal inputting connector which applies a signal to the panel to perform displaying, and an input signal circuit block detachable to the signal inputting connector of the display driving circuit block.

Abstract: A discharge lamp which maintains a high lumen maintenance factor even when operated for a long time is obtained in a discharge lamp which has a silica glass discharge vessel and a pair of opposed electrodes in the discharge vessel and in which the discharge vessel is filled with at least 0.15 mg/mm3 mercury, a rare gas with argon as the main component, and 2×10?4 ?mole/mm3 to 7×10?3 ?mole/mm3 bromine by meeting the following conditions when feeding a direct current of 5 mA between the electrodes and a glow discharge produced: 1.0×10?4?b/a?1.2×10?1??Condition (1) c/a?1.4×10?1??Condition (2) d/a?1.2×10?2??Condition (3) e/a?1.4×10?2??Condition (4) where a is the emission intensity of the argon with a wavelength of 668 nm, b is the emission intensity of OH with a wavelength of 309 nm, c is the emission intensity of hydrogen (H) with a wavelength of 656 nm, d is the emission intensity of C2 with a wavelength of 517 nm, and e is the emission intensity of CH with a wavelength of 431 nm.

Abstract: Described is a high intensity discharge lamp including a lamp bulb envelope, first and second electrodes, a seal and a fill situated within the lamp bulb envelope. The lamp bulb envelope is composed of single crystal sapphire tubing. The lamp bulb envelope includes end portions and a central portion, the central portion having a greater diameter than the end portions. The end portions may be a cylindrical tube shape and the central portion is a smooth three-dimensional shape. The first and second electrodes extend through opposite ends of the lamp bulb envelope so that at least a portion of each of the electrodes is situated within the lamp bulb envelope. The seal seals each of the first and second electrodes to an inside wall of the corresponding end of the lamp bulb envelope. A voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes to generate an arc plasma therebetween.

Abstract: A flat lamp for emitting light to a surface area of a liquid crystal display device includes a bottom having a channel uniformly crossing an entire surface of the bottom, an arc-discharging gas is disposed within the channel, a cover disposed upon an upper junction surface of the bottom, the cover is coated with a fluorescent material, and an electric field generating means for generating an electric field, wherein the electric field generating means is placed along opposing lateral sides of the channel.

Abstract: To devise an arrangement with relatively high pressure tightness, in a short-arc super-high pressure mercury lamp which is operated with an extremely high mercury vapor pressure, a light emitting part has a pair of opposed electrodes and is filled with at least 0.15 mg/mm3 of mercury; and side tube parts extend from opposite sides of the light emitting part, and in which the electrodes are partially hermetically sealed and are each welded to a respective metal foil, in the areas in which the electrodes are welded to the metal foils, the electrodes are deformed in the direction perpendicular to the metal foils to a degree of deformation that is at most 10%.

Abstract: An arc lamp assembly which includes in combination a reflector and a light source which is surrounded by said reflector. A dichroic coating on the reflector functions to reflect radiation in the range of about 300 to 600 nm. The light source is an arc lamp which contains a metal halide fill component which includes a mixture of scandium iodide, or other suitable lanthanide, indium iodide and cesium iodide, whereby the lamp assembly emits effective amounts of UV radiation to cure selected chemical compositions. The fill mixture, which contains no sodium component, contributes to improved lamp life and a reduction in passive lamp failure over halide fill mixtures which contain sodium iodide as a fill component.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp includes a luminous bulb in which a pair of electrodes are opposed to each other in the bulb. At least mercury and halogen are contained in the luminous bulb, and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Ir, Rh, Ru and Re is present in the luminous bulb.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-pressure gas discharge lamp, particularly a motorcar lamp, comprising a bulb including at least two neck portions and a vacuum-tight discharge vessel of quartz glass, at least two electrodes projecting into the discharge vessel, and a filling in the discharge vessel which, in the operating state, is in a discharge state. Such lamps are used, in particular, in headlights of motorcars. In order to ensure that the arc of the high-pressure gas discharge lamp generates a higher luminescence in a small area, and the lamp can be used as a light source in motorcar headlights, the discharge vessel of the high-pressure gas discharge lamp in accordance with the invention encloses a discharge space having a width B below 4 mm and a length C below 8 mm, and the filling comprises NaI, ScI3, Xe, ZnI3 and is free of Hg. Surprisingly it has been found that the use ZnI2 in the filling causes the arc to generate a higher luminescence in the area of the arc axis per dimension of the arc.

Abstract: An arrangement with relatively high pressure tightness in a super-high pressure mercury lamp of the short arc type which is operated with an extremely high mercury vapor pressure is achieved by the super-high pressure mercury lamp having the following characteristic: an arc tube portion in which there is a pair of opposed electrodes, and which is filled with greater than or equal to 0.15 mg/mm3 of mercury; and side tube portions which extend from opposite sides of the arc tube portion, in which the electrodes are partially hermetically enclosed, and in which the electrodes and metal foils are welded to one another, and the width of the metal foils in the weld areas is so small that it is less than or equal to the diameter of these electrodes.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp of the ceramic metal halide type having power ranges of about 150 W to about 1000 W. Such lamps have outer bulb enclosing a cylindrical ceramic discharge vessel enclosing a discharge space. The discharge vessel includes an ionizable material containing a metal halide; a first and second discharge electrode feedthrough; and a first and second current conductor connected to the first and second discharge electrode feedthrough, respectively. A frame wire structure includes at least one frame wire, connected to the current conductors, through a conductor. The frame wire structure extends between the ceramic discharge vessel and the glass bulb, and is effective to reduce arc bending, regardless of the orientation of the lamp during operation in a fixture and regardless of the relative position of the frame wire to the arc tube.

Abstract: To devise an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp in which even in the case of lamp operation over a long time devitrification of the light emitting part is suppressed, an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp with a silica glass light emitting part in there is a pair of opposed electrodes, a rare gas, a halogen and at least 0.15 mg/mm3 of mercury, by the amount of halogen in the light emitting part being at least 1.0×10−4 &mgr;mol/mm3 and the amount of Mo in the light emitting part being at most 0.5×10−5 &mgr;mol/mm3. Also, such a lamp can have an amount of halogen in the light emitting part of at least 2.0×10−4 &mgr;mol/mm3 with an amount of Mo of at most 1.0×10−5 &mgr;mol/mm3.

Abstract: A cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) comprises an inner fluorescent tube and an outer glass tube which is sheathed on the outside of said inner tube, characterized in that said inner fluorescent tube and said outer glass tube is separately disposed, and there is a space therebetween. Said CCFL further comprises electrodes sealed at the ends of said inner fluorescent tube and said outer glass tube. The CCFL of the present invention has a double-tube construction, as a result, the inner fluorescent tube is not so much affected by a change in the environmental temperature. Further, the inner fluorescent tube and the outer glass tube are separately disposed so that the end of the inner fluorescent tube and the end of the outer glass tube are not integrally joined, so that a rate of the breakage caused by the temperature difference between two ends is dramatically reduced.

Abstract: A probe stabilized arc discharge lamp including a base portion, a window spaced from the base portion, a side wall interconnecting the base portion with the window. The side wall, the base portion, and the window define a chamber. A first electrode is disposed vertically in the chamber and extends outwardly through the base portion. A second electrode is also disposed vertically in the chamber and is spaced from the first electrode. The second electrode extends outwardly through the base portion. The first and second electrodes define an arc gap. There is also at least one trigger probe extending to or proximate to the arc gap for triggering an arc in the arc gap. Also, a reflector is disposed about the arc gap for directing radiation generated by the arc out the window. A sparker may also be provided.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp 1A has a light emitting vessel 2A made of a semitransparent ceramic material and having a pair of end portions 2a each with an opening formed in the end portion and a light emitting portion 2a, a pair of discharge electrodes 5, and electrode supporting members 4 each supporting the electrode 5 and fixed to the end portion 2a. The vessel 2A defines an inner space 6 with an ionizable light emitting substance and starter gas filled in the inner space 6. The electrodes 5 are contained in the inner space 6. The light emitting portion 2b has a thicker portion 2g and a thinner portion 2c. The thinner portion 2c has a cross sectional area of not smaller than 35 percent and not larger than 80 percent of that of the thicker portion 2g so that the light emitting portion 2b has a brightness center 9 in the thinner portion 2c.

Abstract: A flat lamp for emitting light to a surface area of a liquid crystal display device includes a bottom having a channel uniformly crossing an entire surface of the bottom, an arc-discharging gas is disposed within the channel, a cover disposed upon an upper junction surface of the bottom, the cover is coated with a fluorescent material, and an electric field generating means for generating an electric field, wherein the electric field generating means is placed along opposing lateral sides of the channel.

Abstract: A metal halide lamp has an arc tube including an envelope as an arc tube container made of an oxide-based translucent ceramic material, and the arc tube is filled with luminescent materials comprising at least a cerium halide, a sodium halide, a thallium halide and an indium halide. An amount of the cerium halide is in a range from 20 wt % to 69.0 wt %, an amount of the sodium halide is in a range from 30 wt % to 79.0 wt %, and a total amount of the thallium halide and the indium halide is in a range from 1.0 wt % to 20 wt % with respect to the entire metal halides. Accordingly, the arc discharge is spread, bending of the arc discharge toward the arc tube wall is suppressed, and thus, the metal halide lamp has improved luminescent efficiency, where lowering of the flux maintenance factor is suppressed even after a long-time use, and hues of the luminescent colors are corrected.

Abstract: Methods, systems and apparatus for photo-processing of fluids, particularly complex fluids, such as blood products, pharmaceuticals, injectables and vaccines, are provided. The disclosed methods and systems employ non-laser light source(s) to generate monochromatic light energy, preferably in the range of 260 nm to 310 nm, for fluid treatment. Advantageous processing regimens and/or adjunct additives and/or agents may also be used to achieve desired and/or enhanced results, e.g., inactivation of pathogens, bacteria and/or viruses, modulation of immune response, and/or leukoreduction. Particularly preferred embodiments include specific wavelengths, novel temperature control systems and geometric/structural arrangements that provide enhanced processing results and/or efficiencies.

Abstract: A discharge vessel with an excimer fill comprises a cap, electrodes and a fill having at least one noble gas and a halogen, which, when the lamp is operating, together form an excimer, the discharge vessel being manufactured from quartz glass. The inner wall of the discharge vessel is completely covered with a passivation layer of a metal oxide of the metals Al, Hf, Y or Sc or the mixed oxides thereof, the layer having an amorphous structure and its layer thickness being 20 to 200 nm.

Abstract: A metal halogen electrodeless illumination lamp including a microwave generator coupled via a coupling means with a microwave cavity which contains a discharge bulb, and a microwave screen its function being performed by some part of the microwave cavity walls, which is transparent to optical radiation The discharge bulb contains a fill mixture of metal halogens, such as Bi halide, a mixture of Sn and Al and a mixture of their compounds, which emits visible optical radiation featuring a molecular spectrum.

Abstract: A mercury-free metal halide arc lamp having an arc vessel of fused silica, an aspect ratio greater than 5, and containing a noble gas such as xenon, argon or krypton and a metal halide. In a preferred embodiment, the arc vessel has a diameter of 8 mm and a length of 80 mm, a fill of sodium/scandium iodides and a buffer gas of xenon.

Abstract: An electrostatic discharge device (ESD device) of the surface mount type and a method of fabricating such devices are disclosed. The ESD device includes an upper cover plate made of an insulating material, a middle insulating plate made of an insulating material and laminated on the lower surface of the upper cover plate, and having a discharge opening, with first and second discharge terminals formed in the middle insulating plate at opposite edges of the discharge opening, and a lower cover plate made of an insulating material and laminated on the lower surface of the middle insulating plate, and hermetically sealing the discharge opening of the middle insulating plate in cooperation with the upper cover plate, and having a second signal electrode brought into electric contact with the first discharge terminal, and a second ground electrode brought into electric contact with the second discharge terminal.

Abstract: A system and method for mechanically supporting and electrically coupling arc tubes in high intensity discharge (“HID”) lamps such as metal halide lamps. The system and method provides mechanical support and electrical coupling of the arc tube in HID lamps with few or no welds and is particularly suited for HID lamps having relatively large arc tubes, e.g. lamps having wattages greater than about 150 watts or other wattage lamps having a heat reflector mounted near the base of the lamp.

Abstract: The invention provides the high-intensity discharge lamp and the high-intensity discharge lamp lighting system and the lighting system using the high-intensity discharge lamp showing the low enough starting voltage. The high-intensity discharge lamp comprising a lighting-source bulb provided with an enclosure, a light-transmissive ceramic enclosure defining a pair of small-diameter cylinders communicating with the enclosure at both ends thereof, a pair of electrodes and discharge agent, a metallic coil which is wound on the outside surface of at least one small-diameter cylinder and coupled to the other end of the electrode to have the same potential with the electrode, a jacket-bulb which hermetically accommodates therein the lighting-source bulb and the metallic coil, and a pair of outer lead terminals which are coupled to the pair of electrodes and hermetically led outside the jacket-bulb.

Abstract: A high intensity discharge lamp, especially for optical projection systems, in one embodiment uses an anode electrode, a cathode electrode and a cylindrical envelope of single crystal (SC) sapphire. The fill may contain hydrogen, chlorine, sodium, scandium, sulfur and selenium and is under pressure exceeding 20 atmospheres. The lamp produces a continuous non-flash arc and generates a correlated color temperature between 6500 and 7000 degrees Kelvin and an efficacy exceeding 60 lumens/watt.

Abstract: A bent fluorescent lamp for backlighting a display providing uniform illumination. A fluorescent lamp is made from a tubular glass envelope having right angles formed therein with shaped corners. The right angles provide improved illumination of a plane surface for backlighting a liquid crystal display. The right angles and shaped corners eliminate dark regions in the illuminated surface. A right-angled bend is also formed at the ends of the fluorescent lamp. An electrode is positioned sufficiently far from a central portion of the lamp so that any dark spaces in the gas discharge of the fluorescent lamp, such as the Faraday dark space associated with a cathode of a lamp are not formed within the central portion. As a result, the central portion of the fluorescent lamp has a uniform brightness or intensity providing improved illumination for backlighting a liquid crystal display. The resulting more uniform illumination with less dark regions results in a more legible display.

Abstract: The high-pressure discharge lamp of the present invention includes: a discharge chamber that is formed in a silica glass tube, a pair of electrodes that are arranged with ends confronting each other in the discharge chamber; metal foil parts that are superposed and bonded to the other ends of the electrodes, and sealing sections for hermetically sealing the discharge chamber and which are parts for embedding the other ends of the electrodes and the metal foil parts in the glass at the two ends of the silica glass tube. The electrodes and the metal foil parts are embedded in the glass in a state in which metal coils are wrapped around the vicinities of the junctions of the electrodes and metal foil parts. The ends of the metal foil parts on the electrode side are further formed as tapered portions.

Abstract: Discharge lamp includes a synthetic quartz glass tube having an inside diameter of 8 mm or over and a pair of filaments provided within and at opposite ends of the glass tube with an L (cm) filament-to-filament distance, and rare gas and metal including at least mercury are sealed in the interior of the glass tube. Lamp voltage V (V) and lamp current I (A) during illumination of the discharge lamp, filament-to-filament distance L (cm) and inside diameter D (cm) of the glass tube have relationship represented by the following mathematical expression. Namely, (V−Vf)/L=X/({square root over ( )}D·{square root over ( )}I) and 2.6≦X≦4.2, where Vf is a constant factor depending solely on a illuminating power source and where that if the discharge lamp is illuminated by a high-frequency power source of 1 kHz or over, Vf is 10, but if the discharge lamp is illuminated by a power source of 1 kHz or below, Vf is 50.

Abstract: A mercury-free metal halide lamp includes an arc tube including a pair of electrodes inside the tube. In the arc tube, a rare gas and a metal halide are contained, and no mercury is contained. The mercury-free metal halide lamp is horizontally operated such that the pair of electrodes is substantially horizontal. The mercury-free metal halide lamp further includes magnetic field applying means for applying a magnetic field including a component substantially perpendicular to a straight line connecting heads of the pair of electrodes in a substantially vertical direction. The density of halogen atoms evaporated during steady-state operation with respect to unit inner volume of the arc tube is 20 &mgr;mol/cc or more.

Abstract: A high intensity discharge lamp (10) has an outer envelope (12) having a cup-shaped top (14), a hollow center section (16) and a bottom (18) all aligned along a longitudinal axis (20), the bottom (18) including a flare (22) having a pinch seal (24) with in-leads (26, 28) sealed therein. A mount structure (30) is positioned within the envelope, the mount structure including a frame (32) comprising a spaced-apart pair of side frames (34, 36) extending substantially the length of the envelope (12) and parallel to the longitudinal axis. The side frames (34,36) have middle portions (35,37) carrying an arc tube (38) and a surrounding shield (40), and the side frames further have an upper portion that frictionally engages the inside surface of the cup-shaped top (14), the upper portion comprising two ends (42, 44) extending in a direction normal to the longitudinal axis and having a space (50) therebetween.

Abstract: In a high-power dual-filament incandescent lamp for use in a reflector having an optical axis, which incandescent lamp comprises two incandescent coils which are substantially parallel to one another, which in their correct operational positions are arranged substantially parallel to the optical axis of the reflector in a lamp bulb, and which can be operated alternately, the glass bulb is arranged such that it shows a horizontal and vertical displacement relative to the optical axis of the reflector when in the correct operational position.