Abstract: An adapter can independently and selectively power two fluorescent lamps. The adapter has a case with two sockets adapted to connect to the two fluorescent lamps. The adapter also has ballasts mounted in the case for inductively conveying current. A base mounted on the case has first, second and third contacts. The first and the third contacts have serially connected between them one of the ballasts and one of the sockets. The other one of the sockets is serially connected with another one of said ballasts, between the second and third contacts.

Abstract: A lamp provides brake and turn signal functions for a towed vehicle while isolating the electrical lighting system of the towed vehicle from the electrical lighting system of a towing vehicle. The lamp includes a bulb, having an interior cavity, mounted to a bulb base. The bulb base is received in a lamp receptacle on the towed vehicle. The bulb base includes a positive contact region and a negative contact region. The positive and negative contact regions on the bulb base are connected to the electrical lighting system of the towed vehicle. At least one filament having a negative lead and a positive lead is located within the bulb cavity. The negative lead of the filament is connected to the negative contact region of the bulb base, while the positive lead of the filament is connected to both an isolator device and a lead wire. The isolator device is connected to the positive contact region on the bulb base, while the lead wire is connected to the electrical lighting system of the towing vehicle.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp having a thick film resistor comprising a plurality of resistive elements. A first resistive element is included in a starting circuit for the lamp and a second resistive element is in series with the arc tube during lamp operation for flicker elimination. The integral thick film resistor facilitates mounting and connection of the resistor elements within the lamp envelope.

Abstract: A plug-in type AC electrical bulb apparatus comprising a bulb having being connected with elastic conductive wire extended from the tungsten and a bulb head portion having the function of voltage reduction, wherein the bulb head portion comprises a bulb seat and a copper head and a bulb recess mounted with two elastic plate corresponding to the elastic wire is provided on the seat for the adaptation of the bulb. A diode is connected in series along the conductive wire for the prevention of short circuit such that the high voltage from an alternating current source is reduced to direct current 55 V.

Abstract: An incandescent light bulb or the like and process for manufacturing same wherein an electronic control module (ECM) is installed, such as by press fitting into a dielectric insulating material at the socket end of the bulb, after the high temperature bulb fabrication steps have been completed. In this manner, the solid state and associated circuitry of the electronic contorl module are not subjected to the high temperature processing used in lamp bulb fabrication. The electronic control module is especially well suited and adapted for integration into the lamp bulb housing and is constructed using a minimum number of reliably constructed and connected electrical components in a hybrid-type circuit module assembly which is economical to manufacture.

Abstract: A high pressure sodium discharge lamp having an arc tube mounted within a lamp envelope and having a resistor connected electrically in series with the arc tube. An insulative body is provided between the arc tube feed-through closest to the stem and a rigid conductor for axially supporting the arc tube and electrically insulating the feed-through from the rigid conductor. The series flicker-elimination resistor is mounted adjacent the lamp stem and electrically shunts the insulative body. An integral thick film resistor which includes the series resistor and a starting resistor for a starting circuit has optimized terminal placement for simplifying mount construction.

Abstract: A charging method within a glass tube using a direct current of low voltage is provided in order to obtain a small fluorescent lamp with a light emission of high luminance. Two distinct discharges are achieved through use of one negative electrode. The filament-like negative electrode is arranged at a short spaced relation to a positive electrode at one end of the glass tube and upon application of the direct current voltage becomes the preliminary discharge. A second positive electrode is positioned at the opposite end of the glass tube and has a greater-spaced relation to the negative electrode resulting in the second discharge.

Abstract: A high pressure lamp assembly having an improved structure for supporting the discharge tube while providing an opening bi-metallic switch for electrically disconnecting the auxiliary electrode. Metallic frames are disposed at the upper and lower ends of the discharge lamp to provide at least partial support to the discharge tube. A non-conductive bridge assembly is connected between the lead through of the auxiliary electrode and a conductive rod extending from the stem. The non-conductive bridge provides at least partial mechanical support to the discharge tube. Connected across the non-conductive bridge is the starting resistor and bi-metallic switch element. When the bi-metallic element is unheated, it provides electrical connection through the starting resistor to the auxiliary electrode. When heated by the heat from the discharge tube, the bi-metallic switch moves out of engagement with the ceramic bridge and thus breaks the electrical connection to the auxiliary electrode.

Abstract: There is provided a luminaire primarily for use with exit signs and other emergency-type lighting comprising a series string of low-voltage, extremely long-life bulbs positioned within an enclosure for protection and electrically connected to a standard base whereby luminaires having lives of 10 to 30 years may replace standard bulbs without the requirement of retrofitting.

Abstract: A lamp assembly includes a sealed lamp envelope enclosing a filament, a lamp base affixed to the lamp envelope and including a connector, and an automatic light control circuit located in the lamp base and electrically connected between the connector and the filament. The light control circuit includes a photosensor for controlling the power delivered to the filament in response to a sensed ambient light level. Preferably, the lamp base includes a cup-shaped portion affixed to the connector, and the light control circuit is mounted in the cup-shaped portion on a circuit board. The photosensor is mounted in a hole in a sidewall of the cup-shaped portion. The lamp assembly can be installed and operated in a conventional lamp socket.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an improved light bulb life extender device made in a small disc-like form and designed to be removably insertable into an Edison-type light bulb socket. The inventive device is operative to place in series with a source of electrical power a silicon bilateral voltage triggered switch specifically designed to allow a voltage output of a predetermined percentage of the voltage inputted thereto. Through this reduction in voltage, the associated light bulb will burn slightly less brightly but with significantly extended life span.

Abstract: A ballast transformer for fluorescent reflector lamp assemblies used in screw-type sockets for conventional incandescent bulbs.

Abstract: A fail safe feature for long life reduced voltage lamps including diodes id disclosed. As known, a low wattage lamp may designed for longer life by using a lower root mean square design voltage. The root means square voltage of the alternating source current may be lowered by including a rectifying element, and a fuse may be included in series with the lamp to safely interrupt the circuit. By further including a one-way shunt oriented oppositely to the rectifier, in parallel with the lamp, and intermediate the rectifier and fuse, on failure of rectifier, unrectified current blows the fuse. If the rectifying diode fails, substantially all of the current is shunted to the fuse during the failed half of the current cycle, thereby blowing the fuse, and safely failing the lamp.

Abstract: A cold cathode discharge tube operating at a high frequency includes a capacitor mounted on at least one electrode terminal of the tube. The capacitor is a feedthrough capacitor, and serving as a ballast capacitor is electrically connected in series with the tube. The distributed capacitance of the power source leads can be neglected in operation because of the presence of the feedthrough ballast capacitor mounted on the electrode terminal of the tube.

Abstract: An improved stabilizing device incorporated into a socket-adapter for miniature fluorescent lamps includes a square-shaped iron core member with a coil arrangement provided therearound so as to form a required stabilizing device with a square open section defined in a middle portion for accommodating a socket seat of the socket-adapter for known miniature fluorescent lamps. The iron core member is composed of a plurality of L-shaped silicon steel laminated cores, and the coil arrangement includes a plurality of coils wound around a plurality of I-shaped coil frames, each of which has a through opening in a middle portion for being sleevingly installed around both arms of the L-shaped laminated cores so as to form a square open section in the middle of the iron core for accommodating the socket seat of the socket-adapter. Thereby, the total volume of the socket-adapter stabilizing device is substantially decreased.

Abstract: An electric discharge lamp having two distinct electrode pairs, each pair including a "large" anode, is provided to eliminate the voltage drop between the positive column and the electrodes. A diode is wired in series with each electrode to prevent electron emission from the enlarged anodes. The combination results in a lamp with higher efficacy.

Abstract: The longevity of an incandescent electric lamp and its efficiency of light production are increased by utilizing a rectifier externally attached to the base of the lamp, and by employing within the glass envelope a gas mixture comprising 75% to 85% krypton and 15% to 25% nitrogen. By virtue of the placement, manner of attachment, and configuration of the rectifier, it dissipates heat to the ambient air and thereby operates at a reduced temperature which increases its performance and longevity.

Abstract: A socket adaptor is provided for use with light bulbs in either 110 V or 220 V circuits. The device includes a housing having first and second ends for placement into a light bulb socket and retaining of a light bulb respectively. The interior of the housing may include a circuit board with a rectifier fastened thereto. The circuit board may also have a thermistor and a bridge rectifier fastened thereto.

Abstract: A luminous element and driving circuit in which an additional circuit is connected in parallel with the luminous element which in turn is serially connected with a suitable transistor. The additional circuit includes an element for minimizing distortion of the luminous output. In one embodiment, a field effect transistor with its gate and source connected together is serially connected with a coil to quickly discharge the luminous element when the transistor is turned off and charge the element quickly when the transistor is turned on. In a second embodiment, a semiconductor diode is serially connected to the coil to form the additional circuit. The voltage across the light emitting diode when the transistor is turned off causes the luminous element to be immediately luminous.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp unit comprising a self-contained assembly intended for use in replacement for a conventional incandescent filament lamp comprises two U-shaped fluorescent tubes (54, 55), each provided with filaments (56, 57) at respective ends of the arc discharge path. Lead-in wires (60, 68, 69, 76) are arranged to connect the separate arc discharge paths of the two fluorescent tubes in series, and remaining lead-in wires (61, 70, 67, 73) of the fluorescent tubes are connected to components of a starter circuit housed within the mounting (20, 22) of the lamp unit. The starter circuit preferably comprises a separate glow bottle switch (62, 71) for each fluorescent tube, and a single capacitor (65).

Abstract: The assembly has a low-pressure sodium discharge lamp (1), of which the outer envelope (4) has an electrically conducting coating (5), which is connected through a capacitor (29) to one of the current supply conductors (13) to the light source (3) of the lamp (1) and to the neutral conductor (18) of the power supply (2), which supplies an alternating voltage having a frequency of at least 80 kHz. The lamp holder (23) has an eccentrically arranged projection at its inner surface while the lamp cap (6) has an eccentrically arranged recess at its outer surface, which, when the lamp cap (6) is arranged in the lamp holder (23), engage with each other and guarantee a connection of the capacitor (29) to the neutral conductor (18). The lamp (1) is suitable for operation at mains voltage frequency and is still fitting into the lamp holder of mains voltage frequency equipment.

Abstract: An electrically stable radio frequency interference suppressing glass-type resistor seal composition forming a gas-tight seal within the center bore of a ceramic insulator is disclosed that contains borosilicate glass, barium borate glass, mullite, zirconia, carbon black, bentonite, sucrose, lithium carbonate and small, approximately equal amounts of antimony and silicon.

Abstract: In a spark plug connector for a high-voltage distributor-less high-voltage capacitor ignition system, comprising an ignition transformer and a storage capacitor connected on the secondary side to the ignition transformer, the spark plug connector is made rod-shaped with diameter dimensions corresponding to those of a spark plug and contains the storage capacitor and ignition transformer arranged one behind the other, the ignition transformer being disposed at the end of the spark plug connector remote from the spark plug connection.

Abstract: A fluorescent reflector lamp assembly for use in screw-type sockets for conventional incandescent bulbs includes an Edison-type base connector, a generally annular ballast housing, a reflective shell formed of a heat-conducting material and having a tubular base adapted to seat within a central recess encompassed by the ballast housing, and a receiving member mounted in the recess to receive a fluorescent lamp whose base abuttingly engages a substantial area of the sidewall of the reflector base.

Abstract: A compact fluorescent lamp of the twin tube or double twin type which is protected by an outer envelope mounted to the fluorescent lamp or the housing which contains the fluorescent lamp ballast. In a preferred embodiment the outer envelope is in the shape of an incandescent lamp envelope.

Abstract: The present invention provides a light-emitting diode lamp having a printed circuit board which is arranged inside a glass bulb having a base at an end thereof, via a stem and stays. A plurality of light-emitting diodes are mounted on the printed circuit board, a current being supplied to the light-emitting diodes through a series resistor. The series resistor has an annular shape and is fitted around the stem, so that a conventional lower-voltage LED lamp can be upgraded to a 100-V LED lamp.

Abstract: An electric light holder having a base and a socket to receive a bulb. The socket is removably held to the base by a pair of outwardly extending opposed plastic wings at the front of the base which snap into grooves at the sides of the socket. The wings also serve as stops for the rear of a reflector which is slid over the socket and held in place against the wings by a retainer ring threaded over the socket. Alternatively the reflector can be suspended from the wings.

Abstract: A spark plug having an improved radio noise suppression effect and durability of the resistor. The resistor of the spark plug is made of a sintered material comprising by weight, 0.9-3.0% of one of TiN, TiC, WC, TiB.sub.2, ZrC, HfC, SiC, TaC, MoSi.sub.2 and mixtures thereof, 9-40% of fine glass powder having a larger grain size than that of said conductive material, not more than 20% of magnetic substance, and 60-90% of coarse glass powder having a larger grain size than that of the fine glass powder. The composition is free of elemental carbon.

Abstract: An arc discharge current occurred in dc-illuminated incandescent lamp can be effectively suppressed with an apparatus comprising first resistance connected in series with an incandescent lamp circuit; the second resistance connected in series with the incandescent lamp circuit; and a reverse-blocking triode thyristor connected in parallel with the second resistance and openable with the voltage drop produced between the first resistance by an arc discharge current.

Abstract: To reliably attach a connection lead (12) to a screw-in sleeve (9) fitted er a connection portion (3) of a base body (1) which retains parallel legs of a compact fluorescent lamp (5), the current supply lead is bent over in a groove (13) formed at an end face of the connection portion (3) and carried along parallel thereto at the inside of the screw-in sleeve, to provide for reliable electrical and mechanical connection, and retained in position by a punch retention of the screw-in sleeve on the connection portion (3) of the base body.

Abstract: This invention provides for an improved reflector-type lamp having reduced focus loss and exhibiting an increase in reflector collection efficiency. Stray light from the lamp's light source is reduced and channeled into the central angular region of the reflector where it can be more easily controlled and increase the in candle power of the lamp. A shorter, more compact filament design, wound with larger mandrel ratios, is positioned within the reflector to evenly disperse the light energy throughout the central angular region.

Abstract: An improved adaptor for using fluorescent lighting in fixtures designed for incandescent lamps which comprises a housing having a centrally located lined cavity which depends through the housing and which is adapted to receive the starter element, a mounting means or plug which depends from the lower surface of the housing, and ballast disposed within the interior of the housing adjacent to or about the lined cavity which depends through the central portion of the housing.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved compact fine wire incandescent lamp filament and method for making such having a primary mandrel ratio in the range of about 1.40 to about 4.00 and a secondary mandrel ratio which is greater than or equal to the primary mandrel ratio. The improved filament design exhibits an increase in compactness and retains or increases structural rigidity while exhibiting minimal sag when the filament is incorporated into an incandescent lamp of the tungsten halogen type variety. The compact coiling method is particularly useful in designing compact filaments for high voltage applications where it is desirable to eliminate the use of rectifying means to lower the effective voltage across the filament.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a lamp assembly for use in atomic absorption spectrometers in which an atomic element hollow cathode lamp assembly has a lamp formed by a hollow cathode electrode and an anode electrode within a sealed envelope. A base structure is attached to the envelope, and located within the base structure is a resistor network consisting of four resistors connected to a common lead and having four plug terminals protruding from the base structure. Two further plug terminals also protruding from the base structure are connected respectively to the cathode and anode electrodes to provide a connecting structure for connecting these electrodes to a lamp power supply. The five plug terminals protruding from the base structure and connected respectively to the resistors and the common lead provide a further connecting structure of the resistor network to a measurement circuit in an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

Abstract: A long-life incandescent lamp and a socket insert for use with conventional lamps to provide long life. The lamp includes a sealed glass envelope, a base fixedly attached to the glass envelope, a center contact fixedly attached to the base and electrically insulated therefrom, a pair of lead wires extending within the envelope, an illuminable filament disposed within the envelope and electrically connected between the lead wires, a diode electrically connected between the center contact and the one lead wire for half-wave rectifying current to the filament, and a resistor for providing a resistive bridge between the base and center contact. The resistor has a resistance substantially in excess of the resistance of the filament, preferably no greater than 27K ohms. In one embodiment, the resistor is electrically connected between the center contact and the base in parallel with the in-series combination of the filament and the diode.

Abstract: An electrical adapter assembly for enabling use of a fluorescent lamp in connection with an incandescent lighting fixture comprises a hollow and cylindrical housing, an Edison-type base extending from one end of the housing and a cover enclosing the end of the housing opposing the base. A toroidal ballast is located within the housing and is capable of receiving portions of the fluorescent lamp within hollow central portions of the ballast to enhance spacial efficiency. The base is either affixed to the housing, or alternatively, is rotatingly associated with the housing to provide a security feature.

Abstract: A switch circuit is disclosed which warms-up a load prior to complete turn on. The circuit includes a single pole double throw switch and an amplifier. The input to the amplifier connects to the off throw of the switch and the amplifier is rendered nonconducting when the switch is off. However, when the switch is between its off and on position, as it is being thrown on, the amplifier conducts a half wave rectified warm-up current to the load. Then, when the switch is on, the amplifier is bypassed by a short circuit connecting between the on throw terminal of the switch and the load, and the load is driven to 100% capacity via this short circuit.

Abstract: An electrical adapter assembly for enabling use of a fluorescent lamp in connection with an incandescent lighting fixture comprises a hollow and cylindrical housing, an Edison-type base extending from one end of the housing and a cover enclosing the end of the housing opposing the base. A toroidal ballast is located within the housing and is capable of receiving portions of the fluorescent lamp within hollow central portions of the ballast to enhance spacial efficiency. The base is either affixed to the housing, or alternatively, is rotatingly associated with the housing to provide a security feature.

Abstract: Ballast circuits for a gas discharge tube are disclosed. One embodiment of a single-phase non-inductive ballast for operation of a gas discharge tube by direct current (D.C.) using a resistive current-limiting means and a relatively small capacitor is disclosed. The D.C. ballast circuit generates a timed pulse addition (TPA). The D.C. ballast circuit includes an arrangement of switching means which controls the discharge of a capacitive energy storage means so as to supply the reignition and the restrike energy in the form of timed pulse additions (TPA) that may be needed for the gas discharge tube. Other embodiments are disclosed for the ballast circuit which operate directly from the A.C. line and control the discharge of a capacitive storage means to supply reignition and restrike energy in the form of timed pulse additions (TPA) that may be needed for the gas discharge tube.

Abstract: A heat-sensitive variable-resistance insert device for use with a light bulb and socket, including: a heat-sensitive variable-resistance wafer for interconnecting the central contact of the socket with the central contact of the light bulb. An annular insulation member surrounds the edge of the wafer and electrically insulates it from the wall of the socket. A resilient contact is mounted on at least one side of the wafer for resiliently engaging the associated central contact and accommodating for variations in the distance between the central contacts.

Abstract: An improved high efficiency general service incandescent lighting unit is disclosed. The lamp has coaxial outer and inner envelopes. The inner envelope has a low voltage filament coaxially disposed therein, a halogen gas atmosphere and a fill-gas at a high pressure. The outer envelope has a coating of a light transmissive reflective infrared film on its inner surface. Further disclosed are various control systems for reducing a typical 120 v. A.C. voltage and applying the reduced A.C. or D.C. voltage across the low voltage filament within the inner envelope.

Abstract: A ballast for a sequence start series operating circuit that includes two rapid start gaseous discharge lamps. The circuit includes a transformer with a primary winding and a loosely coupled secondary winding, a series first capacitor for providing a leading current when both lamps have been ignited and are operating and a second capacitor shunting the second-to-ignite lamp to by-pass that lamp during ignition of the first-to-ignite lamp and thereafter to develop a voltage across the second capacitor sufficient to ignite the second-to-ignite lamp when current flows in the by-pass branch. The lamps are of a variety which produces an undesirable current peak in the second-to-ignite lamp on each half cycle because the shunting second capacitor dumps its charge accumulated during each half cycle into the lamp.

Abstract: A capacitor discharge apparatus of the kind having a spark gap device for discharging a capacitor to provide a current impulse for conduction through a load. The capacitor and spark gap device both include flat terminals for connecting them directly to a foil strip transmission line. The capacitor is relatively thin and configured such that electrical current flows through it along a short, substantially uni-directional path. The current path of the apparatus is configured such that it retraces itself in a closely-spaced relationship, whereby the magnetic field created by current flowing through each segment of the path is substantially canceled by the magnetic field of the oppositely-directed current flowing through the corresponding, closely-spaced path segment. This substantially reduces the apparatus' inductance, such that it provides an increased peak electrical current and a faster current rise time.

Abstract: A light bulb protection arrangement including a lamp, a socket, and a junction socket having a base portion and a socket portion so as to attach the light bulb to the socket. The junction socket includes a connecting terminal, a first terminal to be connected to the central electrode of the socket, a second terminal to be connected to the central electrode of the light bulb, and a negative temperature coefficient thermistor connected between the first terminal and the second terminal.

Abstract: A heat-sensitive variable-resistance insert device for use with a light bulb and socket including: a thin, heat-sensitive variable-resistance wafer and a perimetrical insulation member surrounding the edge of the wafer and electrically insulating it from the wall of the socket. The wafer has a contact area on one side for engaging the central contact of the socket and on the other side thereof for engaging the central contact of the light bulb, and an adhesive paste on that other side within the perimetrical member for adhering the device to the base of a light bulb.

Abstract: A rapid start fluorescent lamp having an external conductive strip has a resistive element in the lamp base electrically connected to the conductive strip and a pin of the lamp base. The resistive element is made from a material which has a volume resistivity of about 10.sup.5 to about 10.sup.8 ohm-cm and a deflection temperature greater than 250.degree. C. at 1,820 kilo dynes/cm.sup.2. The resistive element is mounted in the lamp base metal housing and supports the metal pins or the resistive element is made into a washer shaped element and attached to one of the pins on the inside of the lamp base.

Abstract: In an electroluminescent display device, an integral thin film resistor means including a plurality of discrete thin film resistors formed by thin film deposition and having a resistor in series and associated with each driven segment. In the preferred device the thin film resistors are deposited in a predetermined pattern on the back glass in conjunction with back glass electrode deposition whereby electrical connection is made to the electroluminescent device at the back glass.

Abstract: An incandescent lamp is disclosed having an extended operating life with a high operating efficiency in terms of lumens per watt. The lamp incorporates a rectifying diode in series with the filament and the filament has an operating temperature less than 2550.degree. C. A reflector is mounted in the neck portion of the lamp for reflecting visible light outwardly through the bulb portion of the envelope and for minimizing convection currents in the base of the lamp. The diode is disposed between the reflector and the lamp base.

Abstract: An incandescent lamp possessing a ballast circuit comprising a resistor and capacitor in parallel further includes means for interrupting the connection between the ballast and external contacts provided on the base of the lamp. This interruption occurs upon removal of the lamp from its matching socket to prevent the occurrence of capacitor voltage across the external lamp contacts. The circuit is again closed upon reinsertion of the lamp in the matching socket to permit normal lamp operation.

Abstract: A compact fluorescent lamp having a chassis member including a cylindrical part including a generally cylindrical thread portion and a cylindrical straight portion. A longitudinal recess is provided on the outside of the cylindrical part. The chassis member also includes a holding plate and a maintaining plate including an edge wall member and projections having notches. A screw base is secured to the thread portions of the cylindrical part and a base member is attached to the cylindrical part. A winding envelope formed by bending a straight tube twice into U-shapes and a ballast are respectively mounted to the maintaining plate and the holding plate, and a globe member is attached to the base member.