Abstract: A procedure and a system for the evaluation of the quality and/or efficiency of a cable or a cable segment by a current measurement is disclosed. This is achieved by supplying between the core and the screen of a cable a voltage with alternating polarity and rectangular shape. The periodic duration' of this voltage is selected in a way so as to permit the current measurement of the charge current shortly before a polarity reversal, providing a current value equal to the leakage current.

Abstract: In a system and method for testing and displaying the abnormalities, includes opens, shorts, bridged-taps and wet sections, of a copper pair line for xDSL service use, the abnormalities are amplified and normalized so as to be displayed within a predetermined observation range. The normalization steps include piecewise gaining and biasing the reflected pulse of various gains to create a first normalized reflected trace which match the reflected traces within a predetermined observation range and thereby constitute a total smooth curve; and amplifying the first normalized reflected trace according to a function of time to create a second normalized reflected trace so as to eliminate an exponential gain decay curve of a no-fault copper pair line with the same predetermined characteristic parameters from the first normalized reflected trace to thereby obtain a second normalized reflected trace showing any amplified abnormalities.

Abstract: A device for piercing a cable includes a first clamp member and a second clamp member. The first clamp member and the second clamp member are superposed relative to each other. A conductive piercing member is disposed on the first clamp member. The device further includes an arrangement for moving the first clamp member and the second clamp member together. As the first clamp member and the second clamp member are moved together, a distance between the conductive piercing member and the second clamp member is reduced.

Abstract: A portable, hand-held meter used to measure direct current (DC) attenuation in low impedance electrical signal cables and signal attenuators. A DC voltage is applied to the signal input of the cable and feedback to the control circuit through the signal cable and attenuators. The control circuit adjusts the applied voltage to the cable until the feedback voltage equals the reference voltage. The “units” of applied voltage required at the cable input is the system attenuation value of the cable and attenuators, which makes this meter unique. The meter may be used to calibrate data signal cables, attenuators, and cable-attenuator assemblies.

Abstract: A test device for assisting in locating a cable efficiently provides both tone and link pulses simultaneously to a cable under test. The link pulses are alternated between transmit and receive pairs on the cable.

Abstract: A standing wave reflectometer (SWR) that generates a standing wave on a conductor, receives a reflected standing wave, converts the reflected standing wave to a digital representation, determines a plurality of curve fitted minima of the digital representation of the reflected standing wave, and determines a location along the conductor where there is an interruption in uniformity such as at the end of the conductor, or where the conductor is touching a liquid, and thereby determine integrity of the conductor, length of the conductor, or a level of the liquid.

Abstract: A faulty wiring detection device of a simple structure for an air conditioner is provided, which can detect faulty wiring of the primary power line of an air conditioner and notify the presence/absence of faulty wiring by a display, alarm or other means, thereby preventing problems due to faulty wiring.

Abstract: Attenuation of a pulsed signal traversing a cable is assessed by identifying a pulse in a signal received after traversing the cable and determining first and second reference signal levels in dependence upon characteristics of the pulse. A measurement is made of the slope of the pulse between the first and second reference signal levels (such as 25% and 75% of the peak pulse magnitude), and this measurement is used to determine an indication of the cable attenuation. The cable attenuation may in turn be used to determine a threshold for indicating loss of signal during a measurement operation.

Abstract: A device for piercing a cable includes a first clamp member and a second clamp member. The first clamp member and the second clamp member are superposed relative to each other. A conductive piercing member is disposed on the first clamp member. The device further includes an arrangement for moving the first clamp member and the second clamp member together. As the first clamp member and the second clamp member are moved together, a distance between the conductive piercing member and the second clamp member is reduced.

Abstract: A cable continuity test system, comprising a terminator unit electrically connected to a first side of a cable to be tested, and a test set unit electrically connected to a first side of said cable. The test set unit includes a display and further includes a microprocessor adapted for performing standard continuity tests. The test unit stores records for each site tested with a time and date stamp. The terminator unit is a programmable unit, and preferably is capable of being programmed with a unique terminator ID between the numbers of 00 and 99.

Abstract: A method includes locating an open in a conductive line of an insulated conductor surrounded by an insulative sheath. In accordance with one embodiment, the insulated conductor is beneath an earthen surface and a locator signal and carrier signal including synchronization are introduced into the conductive line. A ground current is capacitively transmitted from capacitive points along the conductive line across the insulative sheath to a ground reference in response to the locator and carrier signals. A ground locator signal and a ground carrier signal are received in response to the ground current flowing past a pickup positioned in electrical communication with earth at a downstream point proximal to one of the capacitive points. The ground locator signal has a real component and a quadrature component and the ground carrier signal has real and quadrature synchronization.

Abstract: A sensor cable (10) for detecting and/or locating a deformation of the cable includes a conductive core (20), a dielectric layer (40), a controlled resistive layer (50), a piezoresistive layer (60), and an outer shield (70). Deformation of the cable (10) creates a change in resistance between the shield (70) and the controlled resistive layer (50), and also creates a piezoelectric-induced voltage between the conductive core (20) and the controlled resistive layer (50). The incidence and/or location of a deformation of the cable is deducible from electrical parameters, indicative of the change in resistance and the induced voltage, measured at one or both ends of the sensor cable.

Abstract: An Adaptive Vector Cancellation method which uses time domain data for an instrument connection to estimate magnitude, phase, and time position of a signal response such as NEXT or Return Loss associated with the connection. Based on the estimate of the amplitude and time of the connection response, a suitable full-bandwidth frequency response that corresponds to a point source of NEXT or Return Loss is determined. This calculated connector response is then scaled to an appropriate magnitude, phase and time shifted to the estimated position of the actual connection. The scaled/shifted response is then vectorially combined with the measured sweep data to suitably cancel the connection contribution to NEXT and/or Return Loss. Thus, the amount of NEXT or return loss existing in the user's patch cord is preserved, while the NEXT or return loss due to the instrument connection is suitably suppressed. Correction is done in the frequency domain, over the full bandwidth of the measured data.

Abstract: A system and method for measuring the alternating current series resistance of a conductor when transporting large currents on the order of several thousand amperes. The system comprises a current sensor, a current/voltage converter, a voltage divider, a voltage sensor, a null indicator, and a voltage meter. The alternating current series resistance is measured by measuring a real component of a voltage drop over a predetermined length of the conductor, deriving a measurement current from the conductor, converting the measurement current into a measurement voltage, withdrawing an adjustable portion of voltage from the measurement voltage, comparing the adjustable portion of voltage with the voltage drop, adjusting the adjustable portion of voltage to balance the voltage drop, measuring the alternating current, and determining the resistance of the conductor as a function of the value of the adjustable portion of voltage that balances the voltage drop and the measured alternating current.

Abstract: A heat capacity C1 is obtained by conducting two-dimensional thermal analysis simulation to the cross-section of a wiring. Next, based on one-dimensional approximate equation of &thgr;0=(Q0/2) (&lgr;·SC1)−½ along a wiring length direction, a wiring temperature rise &thgr;0 in the void is obtained. In the expression, &thgr;0 is a rise in wiring temperature in the void, Q0 is a thermal quantity of the void in the wiring, &lgr; is a heat conductivity of the wiring and S is a cross-sectional area of the wiring. The heat capacity C1 may be obtained from an expression C1=&lgr;′{(w/t)+(2.80/1.15) (h/t)0.222}. In the expression, W is wiring width, h is wiring thickness, t is substrate film thickness and &lgr;′ is the heat conductivity of the substrate film. By so obtaining, it is possible to shorten analysis time, to save the capacity of a memory and that of a disk for use in calculation, to obtain a simpler analysis model and to facilitate creating a mesh.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are presented for determining the adequacy of a shielding and an electrical connection of a male BNC to a coaxial cable. A dial indicator gauge includes a calibration member for calibrating the limits of a properly connected male BNC. A simulated female BNC is included with the gauge. The calibrated gauge is attached to the male BNC connection which then indicates whether the connection is within the allowable limits.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for using time domain analysis of NEXT, Return Loss and the like, in conjunction with the application of time or distance referenced limits to verify and determine compliance of the performance requirements of connections in a typical link. Time domain analysis of NEXT, Return Loss data and the like, suitably provides the performance characteristics of a link as a function of time or distance. When coupled with time or distance performance curves for connections, it can be determined if the transmission fault is at a connection or in the cable. The time limit curves for connections can be generated based on the frequency domain performance requirements for connecting hardware of a specific level of performance. The connection time limit curves thus provide an interpretation means to determine if the connection is within performance standards, allowing improved isolation of the fault condition.

Abstract: A sensor cable (10) for detecting and/or locating a deformation of the cable includes a conductive core (20), a dielectric layer (40), a controlled resistive layer (50), a piezoresistive layer (60), and an outer shield (70). Deformation of the cable (10) creates a change in resistance between the shield (70) and the controlled resistive layer (50), and also creates a piezoelectric-induced voltage between the conductive core (20) and the controlled resistive layer (50). The incidence and/or location of a deformation of the cable is deducible from electrical parameters, indicative of the change in resistance and the induced voltage, measured at one or both ends of the sensor cable.

Abstract: A procedure and a system for the evaluation of the quality and/or efficiency of a cable or a cable segment by a current measurement is disclosed. This is achieved by supplying between the core and the screen of a cable a voltage with alternating polarity and rectangular shape. The periodic duration' of this voltage is selected in a way so as to permit the current measurement of the charge current shortly before a polarity reversal, providing a current value equal to the leakage current.

Abstract: A terminator plug is connected to one coaxial cable connector and a coaxial cable connection tester is connected to the other cable connector. A voltage is applied to the cable's center conductor and a ground to the cable's shield. The center conductor voltage is monitored for open and short faults while the cable adjacent first one and then the other connector are wiggled. The voltage on the center conductor changes if a continuous short or open is present or if such faults intermittently occur. The voltage on the center conductor is monitored by two comparators with one detecting short faults and the other detecting open faults. The outputs of the comparators are combined to generate an OK signal if no faults are detected. If open faults are detected, the signals from the open comparator are clocked into a flip-flop; if short faults are detected, the signals from the short comparator are clocked into a flip-flop.

Abstract: A conductor tester including two contour-identical parts of a main unit and a remote unit is used to test and indicate present condition of conductors. Both the main and the remote units are formed at two ends with high and low raised portions that are provided with fastening means for the two units to detachably connect to each other to form a compact unit. The high and low raised portions are provided at side walls with notches that are electrically connected to internal circuits of the main and the remote units, and at inner walls between the high and low raised portions with light-emitting diodes.

Abstract: A method for checking lead defects in a two-wire bus system compares the voltage levels on the two wires with certain threshold values, with the comparison being made with the threshold values in the dominant and recessive states. A circuit for performing the method has one input of a first comparator connected with one wire, an input of a second comparator connected with the other wire, and the other inputs of the first and second comparators each being subjected to a voltage that is between the two voltage values on the wires in the dominant and recessive states in normal operation. One input of a third comparator also is connected with one wire, and one input of a fourth comparator is connected with the other wire, with the other inputs of the third and fourth comparators each being subjected to a voltage that is above the maximum voltage value on the wires in the dominant and recessive states during normal operation.

Abstract: The size of an internal void in an electrically conductive lead is measured by determining its electrical resistance at a plurality of A.C. frequencies, ranging from D.C. to a frequency on the order of 50 to 100 GHz at which the majority of current flows along the skin of the lead. The test data is compared with reference data for an electrically conductive reference lead having characteristics which are essentially similar to the test lead. The difference between the two sets of data increases with the size of an internal void in the test lead. The difference will be greatest at D.C. because the current will flow through substantially the entire cross-section of the lead and the cross-sectional area will be reduced by the internal void. The test data will approach the reference data as the frequency increases because the majority of the current will flow through the skin of the test lead and will be less affected by the internal void.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for diagnosing excessive resistance in an electrical harness of an internal combustion engine. Voltage is applied from a power source (24) through contacts (30a, 30b, 32a, 32b, 34a, 34b, 36a, 36b) and harness leads (26 and 28) to an electrical assembly (20). Electrical assembly (20) includes the load of a first electrical component (23), and by switching means (25) includes the electrical load of a second electrical component (21). An electronic control module (22 or 38) controls switching means (25) and compares the voltage drop across electrical assembly (20) when the second electrical component (21) is switched in or out. By comparing the voltage drops ECM (22 or 38) can determine if there is excessive resistance in the contacts (30a, 30b, 32a, 32b, 34a, 34b, 36a, 36b) or leads (26 and 28).

Abstract: In-service verification/continuity testing apparatus and method for testing the continuity integrity of wiring installed to an in-use operational circuit. The apparatus measures the voltage difference created by injecting two equal but opposite insignificant currents through a test path. A current loop is created by placing an isolated ground, which is referenced to unique detection circuitry provided in the testing apparatus. An accurate voltage differential calculation is accomplished by using a sample and hold circuit in parallel with switching the injected currents. Biasing the detection circuitry using two identical but inverse voltages with a reference to the isolated ground allows the detection circuit to subtract out extraneous currents flowing through the wiring path due to external voltage and current sources.

Abstract: A cable tester is described for low frequency testing of a cable for faults. The tester allows for testing a cable beyond a point where a signal conditioner is installed, minimizing the number of connections which have to be disconnected. A magnetic pickup coil is described for detecting a test signal injected into the cable. A narrow bandpass filter is described for increasing detection of the test signal. The bandpass filter reduces noise so that a high gain amplifier provided for detecting a test signal is not completely saturate by noise. To further increase the accuracy of the cable tester, processing gain is achieved by comparing the signal from the amplifier with at least one reference signal emulating the low frequency input signal injected into the cable. Different processing techniques are described evaluating a detected signal.

Abstract: A fault indicator for indicating the occurrence of a fault current in an electrical conductor is mounted on the test point of an elbow connector of the type commonly used in power distribution systems. An integral collar assembly encircles the connector housing to capacitively couple the fault indicator circuitry to the system conductor within the connector. The collar assembly includes an inner magnetic core which establishes the coupling and an outer core which shields the inner core from magnetic fields resulting from fault currents in adjacent conductors.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of detecting a shielding defect of a shielded cable mounted in a building which defines between an instrument and the shielding of the cable, a first stray capacitance; the method steps are:placing measurement apparatus in such a manner as to define a second stray capacitance between itself and the building;injecting a high frequency signal into the shielding of the cable, by means of the measurement apparatus, the signal circulating back to the apparatus via the first and second stray capacitances; andmeasuring on the core of the cable, a signal that appears by radiation due to the injection of the high frequency signal, and representative of a defect in the shielding of the cable.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining when a synthetic fiber cable for an elevator is ready for replacement is disclosed. The apparatus includes at least one voltage detection unit for detecting a voltage in at least one carbon fiber of the synthetic fiber cable and at least one threshold device for determining when the detected voltage exceeds a predetermined voltage threshold. The detected voltage is dependent upon the integrity of the portion of the synthetic cable and exceeding the predetermined voltage threshold is indicative of a failure of the at least one portion of the synthetic cable. The apparatus also includes a device for disabling the elevator when a predetermined number of the at least one threshold device determine that the at least one carbon fiber of the synthetic fiber cable has failed. The synthetic fiber cable includes a plurality of strand layers and at least one carbon fiber, each strand layer including a plurality of strands of synthetic fibers, such as aramide.

Abstract: A lightweight, portable, low-power automated bypass device for passing a signal between a first point and a second point on an electrical conductor when an electrical discontinuity exists thereon. The bypass device has two terminals for connection to the electrical conductor, and a continuity detector and a controllable switch. The continuity detector detects a continuous electrical connection between the points along the conductor and supplies a bypass control signal indicating when a discontinuity between the points is detected. The switch is connected to the first and second input terminals and responds to the bypass control signal for providing an electrical connection between the terminals. The bypass device can cycle between an ON time interval and an OFF time interval.

Abstract: A method and a device for identifying, when a fault has been detected in a power network, single-phase to ground faults by determining for each phase an auxiliary current based on the present phase current, ground fault current and ground current. If the difference between two consecutive, calculated values of the auxiliary current in some phase is smaller than a predetermined limit value, this means that there is a single ground fault in this phase.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for predicting the peak voltage at the load end of a power transmission cable having a power supply end and a load end, where direct measurement at the load end is not practical. The method samples the current and voltage waveforms at the power supply end of the cable. The current waveform is used to estimate a current function which includes a full width at half maximum and adjustments for cable reactive current, distortions, and load. The product of the current function and a peak voltage sample from the power supply end is an estimate of the peak voltage at the load end. The method and apparatus have been applied to oil well logging where one or more logging tools are lowered at the end of a transmission cable into an oil well and it is desirable to predict peak voltage at the tools to ensure proper tool performance. An important improvement is a more accurate current function which compensates for capacitive current flow in the cable and includes a quadratic term.

Abstract: A breakout lead includes a length of insulated conductor having a bare uninsulated portion, and an insulating tubular sleeve coaxially and frictionally fitted around said insulated conductor and slidably movable therealong for covering and uncovering the bare insulated portion. Male and female terminals are respectively connected to the ends of the conductor length and are preferably covered by insulating boots.

Abstract: A novel method and apparatus are used for monitoring cables for wear and damage. The system is particularly applicable to a cable system with multiple branch terminations. The cables have detection conductors, for example the metal cable jackets or other detection conductors extending the length of the conductors. These are connected electrically at the splice points in the system. At the end of each branch and at the end of the main cable, the detection conductors are each connected to a novel termination circuit. In the normal monitoring mode, the termination circuit appears as an open circuit. A DC voltage is normally applied to the detection conductors. Any current is a result of current leakage at a resistive fault along the detection conductors. The termination circuits are activated by altering the DC voltage, e.g. by reversing the polarity and increasing the magnitude of the voltage. This causes the termination circuit to perform a series of functional tests.

Abstract: A method of use and system for determining the longitudinal active resistance of a neutral conductor of an underground electrical cable, while the electrical cable remains in service. The method is conducted by applying a selective frequency test current signal to the neutral conductor of the underground cable connected between a pair of grounded structures, e.g., power transformers, from a test signal generator that is connected across the neutral conductor using first and second bifilar winding signal-voltage cables. The method utilizes indirect voltage determination to obtain the voltage drop across the neutral conductor while mitigating induced voltage effects which occur when direct voltage measurement is used. A plurality of selective frequency test current signals are used to obtain a plurality of longitudinal active resistance values. Any conventional extrapolation method is then used to obtain a longitudinal active resistance value at 0 Hz.

Abstract: A system and method for testing underground electric cables, while in service, for active corrosion and degree of neutral loss. The method is conducted by applying a non-harmonic selected frequency signal to the neutral(s) of the underground cable connecting a pair of structures, e.g., power transformers, from a variable frequency generator of the system. The test is conducted by a surveyor wearing foot electrodes which contact the earth as the surveyor walks along the earth over the cable in close interval steps. At each step, direct current (DC) potentials are monitored by a voltmeter between a copper-copper sulfate electrode carried by the surveyor and brought into contact with the ground at each step and the transformer ground. The potential of the gradients between the foot electrodes at the selective frequency and at the native alternating current (AC) is also measured by the voltmeter. These measurements are recorded at a stationary location on a digital data logger and/or computer.

Abstract: A system comprising a portable apparatus and employing a method of admittance versus frequency analysis to detect the existence of a fault in a de-energized electrical line regardless of whether the line contains branches. The portable apparatus comprises a capacitor unit detachably connected to a de-energized line, ground or a neutral conductor, a switch unit detachably connected to a de-energized line, the de-energized line being tested, and an insulated cable connecting the capacitor unit to the switch unit. The switch unit comprises a discharge switch that can be activated by pulling on the hot line tool. The capacitor unit comprises a capacitor which is discharged into the electrical line via the insulated cable and the switch unit when the discharge switch is activated to create a pulse.

Abstract: A method and a fault sensor device (1) which can detect and distinguish abnormal current and voltage events on an alternating current overhead and underground transmission line or distribution line (2). The fault sensor device (1) is contained in an elongated molded plastic housing (4), The fault sensor device (1) includes a current sensor (12) and a voltage sensor (14) connected in proximity to the transmission or distribution line (2) for monitoring current and voltage analog signals; an analog-to-digital converter (22) connected to the current and voltage sensors (12,14) for sampling the current and voltage analog signals and producing: corresponding digital signals; a processor (11) responsive to the digital signals for detecting an abnormal condition and distinguishing whether any of a plurality of types of faults has occurred; and a transmitter (3) for transmitting the fault information from the processor (11) to a remote location.

Abstract: A coaxial cable testing and tracing device including a plurality of cable terminator plugs each having a characteristic impedance; an electrical testing circuit further including a coaxial cable connector coupleable to an end of a coaxial cable, a signal generating mechanism coupled to the cable connector for generating and transmitting a plurality of characteristic signals with one of the signals indicating an open circuit condition at the cable connector and with the other remaining signals indicating that a coaxial cable coupled to the cable connector has been terminated with a cable terminator plug, and a display mechanism coupled to the signal generator mechanism for receiving a signal therefrom and based on this received signal providing a visual indication of when a coaxial cable coupled to the cable connector has been terminated with a terminator plug and further providing an indication of an open circuit condition at the cable connector; a power supply mechanism for supplying electrical energy; and a

Abstract: The method is to detect a fault on a busbar and to specify the faulted point to a specific section of the busbar in order to provide a proper protection. If the fault has occurred, for instance, on a point P of a section between current transformer BCT- and a connecting point thereof to the busbar, or on a point Q of a busbar section between adjacent line outlets, the resulting fault current is expressed as a calculation sum of an output current of the current transformer BCT-. The foregoing current is zero in a normal condition, but in case of a fault, it reaches a definite value other than zero. Noticing this point, the fault current is computed for each section on the basis of the observable output current of the current transformer BCT-, and it is judged that if the foregoing current of a specific section exceeds a predetermined threshold, the fault has occurred on the above section.

Abstract: A process used to locate cable faults, in particular to locate non-burnout cable faults in the vicinity of branched cables. The pulse reflection method is used and a capacitor is charged and then discharged across a spark gap by means of spark-over at a fault in the cable. Simultaneously with a main capacitor in an impulse wave generator, a second pulse capacitor is discharged into the cable by means of a short circuit switch. The resulting reflection wave is input via a decoupler into a first channel of a digital storage unit. After opening the short circuit switch, the main capacitor in the impulse wave generator and the second pulse capacitor are again charged and then again discharged into the faulty cable by closing the main switch. The pulse capacitor is discharged by means of a plasma-triggered spark gap. The spark gap is triggered by the charge of the impulse wave generator.

Abstract: A pulse-based cable attenuation measurement system provides a measurement of attenuation characteristics of a cable over a wide frequency spectrum. A main test and troubleshooting unit of a cable test instrument applies stimulus signals via a selected one twisted pair in a LAN cable to a pulse receiver in a remote unit that in turn causes a pulse generator to produce a specified pulse of known amplitude and duration that is applied as a measurement pulse to a separate but adjacent twisted pair within the same bundle or cable. A measurement system analyzes the measurement pulse after it reaches the main unit, and provides attenuation versus frequency information to determine whether the amount of signal loss due to attenuation in the cable is acceptable or not.

Abstract: A system and method for testing underground electric cables, while in service, for active corrosion and degree of neutral loss. The method is conducted by applying a non-harmonic selected frequency signal to the neutral(s) of the underground cable connecting a pair of structures, e.g., power transformers, from a variable frequency generator of the system. The test is conducted by a surveyor wearing foot electrodes which contact the earth as the surveyor walks along the earth over the cable in a close interval steps. At each step, direct current (DC) potentials are monitored by a voltmeter between a copper-copper sulfate electrode carried by the surveyor and brought into contact with the ground at each step and the transformer ground. The potential of the gradients between the foot electrodes at the selective frequency and at the native alternating current (AC) is also measured by the voltmeter. These measurements are recorded at a stationary location on a digital data logger and/or computer.

Abstract: A faulted circuit indicator with a high visibility spherical display device is disclosed for indicating a fault condition disposed within the display apparatus is a permanent magnet 42 that is in magnetic communication with, and actuated by, an electromagnet. The permanent magnet is rotatably mounted within the display and is attached to a spherical flag. The spherical flag has two different colors at its hemisphere to represent fault and no-fault conditions. The electromagnet comprises a magnetic core and coil assembly and is magnetized by a current pulse received from the indicator circuitry. By changing the direction of the current through the coil assembly, the polarity of the electromagnet is reversed, which in turn causes the permanent magnet to rotate 180.degree. to realign with the poles of the electromagnet. Because the flag is colored about its hemisphere, the rotation of the permanent magnet results in a change of color being displayed in the display device.

Abstract: The apparatus for measuring pulse energy includes integration means and serves to measure high-current disturbances carried by a cable. The apparatus is characterized in that it further includes a current-to-voltage converter (2) mounted on the cable (1), attenuation means (3, 4) coupling said converter to the integration means (5, 6), and a processing and storage assembly (12) coupled to the integration means and to an output display (20). Application: monitoring lightning protection equipment.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for predicting the peak voltage at the load end of a power transmission cable having a power supply end and a load end, where direct measurement at the load end is not practical. The method samples the current and voltage waveforms at the power supply end of the cable. The current waveform is used to estimate a current function which includes a full width at half maximum approximation adjusted as required for load, cable type, and cable length. The product of the current function and a peak voltage sample from the power supply end is an estimate of the peak voltage at the load end. The method and apparatus have been applied to oil well logging where one or more logging tools are lowered at the end of a transmission cable into an oil well and it is desirable to predict peak voltage at the tools to ensure proper tool performance.

Abstract: A testing clip for electrical connections between a wire and points, surfaces or pins, which thus are connected to electric and electronic measuring and testing equipment and generators. The clip has a hand-held unit, a gripping unit and a resilient device providing connections both by direct hand-held pointing and by hitching on, offering good accessibility to narrow places and good insulation between the operator and the signal. The contacts are performed by a tip of the electrically conductive needle, which is a part of the hand-held unit and to which the wire is connected. The gripping rod, attaches the clip to the device to be tested by the hitch on procedure.

Abstract: This invention permits one to trace more than one electrical conductor, each of the electrical conductors being associated with both a circuit breaker and an electrical outlet. The invention consists of a receiver and multiple transmitters. Further, in a single transmitter form of the invention, the invention permits the transmitter to continually transmit its signature signal without power dissipation concerns, just like the ability to continually transmit in the multiple transmitter form of the invention. Lastly, the device is able to trace conductors regardless of the load electrically connected to the conductor.

Abstract: A process for detecting arc discharges in power cables connecting power supply board and at least one equipment rack, the power supply board including circuit breakers operable at a preset current level, said arc discharge occurring at a fraction of said current level. After the arc discharge is detected, a signal representing the presence of the arc discharge is supplied to a power supply control, and a control signal is provided by the power supply control to cause said at least one circuit breaker to open interrupting supply of power to an affected power cable.

Abstract: An E-field sensing apparatus detects the energization of high voltage utility transmission and distribution lines. An external housing substantially shields internal components of the apparatus from the detected E-field. A conductive wire extends from the housing where it is exposed to the E-field. A signal is induced onto the exposed wire and sensed by the apparatus. The length of exposed wire and the distance of the apparatus from the high voltage line attenuate the E-field so the induced signal is within operational parameters of internal sensing components. Adjustments to the wire length and apparatus distance enable detection of E-fields surrounding power lines carrying voltage levels of a predetermined voltage level (i.e. approximately 2000 volts and higher). In response to the E-field the apparatus generates an analog output signal and a line isolation control (one-bit digital) signal. The analog output signal drives a meter, LED or other indicating device serving to aid maintenance engineers.