Abstract: A variable phase circuit for microwave and millimeter wave applications includes a distributed-constant transmission line, a number of phase shifters respectively responsive to control signals for introducing a desired amount of phase shift to and removing the introduced phase shift from the transmission line. In order to compensate for the frequency-dependent phase deviation of each phase shifter, one or more loading stubs are selectively connected to or disconnected from the transmission line according to operation of the phase shifters.

Abstract: A phase shifter includes first and second high-frequency impedance elements and first and second high-frequency phase shifting elements. The first high-frequency impedance element is connected between an input port and an output port and has an impedance substantially constituted by a reactance. The first high-frequency phase shifting element has one terminal connected to the input port and a phase change amount of 90° at a frequency f0. The second high-frequency phase shifting element is connected between the output port and the other terminal of the first high-frequency phase shifting element and has a phase change amount of 90° at the frequency f0. The first and second high-frequency phase shifting elements have an impedance converting function. The second high-frequency impedance element has one terminal connected to a common connection point between the first and second high-frequency phase shifting elements, the other terminal grounded, and an impedance substantially constituted by a reactance.

Abstract: An improved delay line with an input and an output is disclosed wherein a signal passing through the delay line from the input to the output can be optimized regarding the delay line component size, delay time, and signal configuration. The design and use of more than one impedance conductor is taught. The impedance conductors are arranged in specific alignments with each other and with dielectric bases to result in reduced component size, increased delay time, and to adjust the signal configuration. Further optimization of these features is taught through the use of a shield cover in specific alignment to the impedance conductors and dielectric bases.

Abstract: Optically pumped masers are described. The devices are useful for microwave amplification, microwave phase shifting and microwave limiting function. The devices are based on electron spin polarization of a stable free radical species induced by an intermolecular energy transfer process acting via a photo induced radical-triplet pair mechanism. A paramagnetic triplet precursor chromophore in a matrix with the stable free radical species is irradiated, preferably using a pulsed laser to initiate the process with concomitant increase in matrix magnetic susceptibility. Microwave radiation incident on the photo activated matrix is reflected as amplified, phase shifted or limited microwave fields dependent on relevant device parameters and on the power of the incident microwave radiation.

Abstract: A microstrip trombone delay line is used to provide a low cost true time delay device. An array of printed trombone lines arranged in a network is used to implement a linear beamformer. The beamformer forms an array that scans signals in one or more dimensions. Each microstrip trombone delay line includes printed traces on a fixed substrate and a printed trombone line on a movable superstrate. The microstrip trombone delay line may have different dimensions to vary the characteristic impendence at either end for impedance matching purposes. Beamformers using microstrip trombone delay lines and scanning in multiple principal planes require few movable parts and only linear actuators.

Abstract: A method for adjusting the signal transmission delay in a data transmission system wherein a driver transmits high speed data to a receiver through a plurality N of transmission media connected together. The link between the driver and the receiver is composed of a plurality of N traces, the length of the trace located on each transmission medium “i” being Li with “i” being an integer comprised between 1 and N.

Abstract: A phase shifter comprises a coarse phase tuning arrangement and a fine phase tuning arrangement. The coarse phase tuning arrangement provides a discrete number of phase shifts. The fine phase tuning arrangement includes a RLC network, having a resistor, an inductor and a capacitor. The fine phase tuning arrangement also comprises an optical arrangement for varying the resistance value of the resistor. This phase shifter is able to obtain broadband, continuous 360° phase shifting also at Gigahertz frequencies. It also allows close to linear phase shift versus frequency resulting in true time delay capability, very low insertion loss and high value of maximum phase adjust.

Abstract: A delay circuit in which amplitude characteristic and delay time characteristic of the output signals do not have any ripple relative to the length of the transmission line is provided. The delay circuit includes a circuit that makes a part of signals distributed into two parts by the power divider (103) to be identical in amplitude and inverse in phase relative to the component of signals outputted from the terminal-a directly to the terminal-c of the circulator (104). By composing with the power combiner (107) both signals are offset each other at the output terminal. As a result, only the signals that are inputted from the input terminal (101) and transmitted through the circulator (104) and the open-ended transmission line (105) are outputted to the output terminal (102).

Abstract: A signal process apparatus of the present invention is capable of shifting phases of signals inputted thereto and attenuating the signals, simultaneously. The signal process apparatus includes a dielectric member provided with a first and a second portions, a plurality of transmission lines positioned opposite the dielectric member for transmitting the signals and means for rotating the dielectric member to an axis perpendicular to a surface of the dielectric member which is parallel to the transmission lines. In the signal process apparatus, a dielectric constant of the first portion is different from that of the second portion. Each of the signals is inputted to a corresponding transmission line. After each of the signals is passing through the corresponding transmission line, it has a phase shifted by rotating the dielectric member.

Abstract: A ferroelectric layer is deposited or in close proximity to a ferromagnetic ferrite layer to make a microwave substrate on which conductors can be deposited or placed to make devices. The permittivity of the ferroelectric layer can be changed by applying a voltage and the permeability of the ferromagnetic layer can be changed with a magnetic field. This makes it possible to tune the device characteristics with two different effects taking best advantage of the capabilities of each. A material example is ferromagnetic yttrium-iron-garnet on which is deposited a thin film of ferroelectric barium strontium titanate. To minimize losses, the ferroelectric film should be high quality, but practical yttrium-iron-garnet substrates are polycrystalline so that the use of buffer layers is desirable. At least two methods can be used to deposit the ferroelectric film, pulsed laser deposition and metal-organic chemical liquid deposition.

Abstract: A phase control device, for providing a plurality of phase values, for utilization by any system having a number of input/output ports with signals requiring control of their relative phases. The phase control device is constructed from phase shift elements electrically connected to a system of electrically interconnected switches separated off from the phase shift elements. The result is a reduction in the number of phase shift elements and switches as compared to conventional phase shifters and a simplification of the resulting architecture, a feature of significant importance in chip miniaturization.

Abstract: An active phased array antenna according to the present invention comprises plural antenna patches 106a-106p which are arrayed in matrix on a dielectric substrate at equal intervals in the row and column directions, a grounded feeding terminal 108 which is applied with high-frequency electric power, a first control voltage generating means 111 which generates a row-direction orientation control voltage, and a second control voltage generating means 112 which generates a column-direction orientation control voltage. The plural antenna patches 106 are connected to the feeding terminal 108 by feeding lines 121, branching off from the feeding terminal 108 respectively, and plurally provided phase shifters 107 are arranged constituting a part of the feeding lines 121. In the so-constructed active phased array antenna, a low-cost active phased array antenna which is of a simpler structure and capable of continuously changing antenna orientation characteristics can be realized.

Abstract: A phase shifter comprises a coarse phase tuning arrangement and a fine phase tuning arrangement. The coarse phase tuning arrangement provides a discrete number of phase shifts. The fine phase tuning arrangement includes a RLC network, having a resistor, an inductor and a capacitor. The fine phase tuning arrangement also comprises an optical arrangement for varying the resistance value of the resistor. This phase shifter is able to obtain broadband, continuous 360° phase shifting also at Gigahertz frequencies. It also allows close to linear phase shift versus frequency resulting in true time delay capability, very low insertion loss and high value of maximum phase adjust.

Abstract: An electrical signal phase compensator includes at least two conductors and a ground wire. In a two conductor system, the length of the first conductor is substantially longer than the second conductor. The first conductor and the second conductor are connected in parallel, with the high frequency current in the first conductor and the low frequency current in the second conductor. In a three conductor system, the length of the second conductor is substantially longer than the third conductor which conducts an intermediate frequency. The second conductor is longer than the first conductor. The first conductor, the second conductor, and the third conductor are connected in parallel. The several conductors are mounted to minimize electromagnetic interaction. The electrical signal phase compensator may include a neutral line which is disposed adjacent to the corresponding signal line. Each respective neutral line is connected in parallel.

Abstract: A delay circuit for the secondary path of a feed-forward high power amplifier is disclosed. A first 3 dB quadrature hybrid coupler is coupled to first and second resonator circuits that are resonant at a first resonant frequency. The output of the first hybrid coupler is coupled to the input of a second 3 dB quadrature hybrid coupler. The second hybrid coupler is coupled to third and fourth resonator circuits that are resonant at a second resonant frequency that is greater than the first resonant frequency. The overall combined delay response of the first hybrid coupler and the second hybrid coupler appearing at the fourth node of the second hybrid coupler is substantially constant between the first resonant frequency and the second resonant frequency.

Abstract: A delay circuit for the secondary path of a feed-forward high power amplifier is disclosed. A first 3 dB quadrature hybrid coupler is coupled to first and second resonator circuits that each includes a varactor circuit and are resonant at a first resonant frequency. The output of the first hybrid coupler is coupled to the input of a second 3 dB quadrature hybrid coupler. The second hybrid coupler is coupled to third and fourth resonator circuits that each includes a varactor circuit and are resonant at a second resonant frequency that is greater than the first resonant frequency. The overall combined delay response of the first hybrid coupler and the second hybrid coupler appearing at the fourth node of the second hybrid coupler is substantially constant between the first resonant frequency and the second resonant frequency.

Abstract: Suspended single crystal silicon (SCS) beams coated with metal form transmission lines that are used in MEMs type microactuated phase shifters and switches. The characteristic impedance of any section of the transmission lines is a function of the beam spacing in that section. Microactuators, such as comb-drive actuators, are connected to the beams to vary this spacing in a controllable manner. A continuos phase shifter is formed that consists of two tunable capacitance sections connected by a matching section that reduces reflections and improves compliance of the beams to reduce the energy required to move the beams.

Abstract: A phase compensation circuit includes two first inductive elements connected in series with a main line through which a signal is passed, a series circuit consisting of a capacitor and a variable capacity element which are provided between a connecting point between the first inductive elements and ground, a second inductive element connected in parallel with the series circuit, and a choke circuit connected between the capacitor and the variable capacity element of the series circuit.

Abstract: A signal-processing apparatus is capable of stably operating without regard to outside circumstances and miniaturizing. The signal-processing apparatus for shifting phase of a signal inputted thereto and attenuating the signal includes an input connector for inputting a signal; an output connector for outputting the signal; a rotation body to be rotated by the rotational force provided from the rotational force supplying means; a plurality of rotatable members respectively having a groove in peripheral portion, the rotatable members being coupled to peripheral portion of the rotation body so that the grooves communicate with each other; and a signal transmitting member for transmitting the inputted signal to the output connector, the signal transmitting member being located in the grooves and its both ends being respectively connected to the input and output connectors.

Abstract: A signal process apparatus of the present invention is capable of shifting phases of signals inputted thereto and attenuating the signals, simultaneously. The signal process apparatus includes a dielectric member provided with a first and a second portions, a plurality of transmission lines positioned opposite the dielectric member for transmitting the signals and means for rotating the dielectric member to an axis perpendicular to a surface of the dielectric member which is parallel to the transmission lines. In the signal process apparatus, a dielectric constant of the first portion is different from that of the second portion. Each of the signals is inputted to a corresponding transmission line. After each of the signals is passing through the corresponding transmission line, it has a phase shifted by rotating the dielectric member.

Abstract: A phase shifter includes a substrate, a first electrode positioned on a surface of the substrate, a tunable dielectric layer positioned on a surface of the electrode, a microstrip positioned on a surface of the tunable dielectric layer opposite the substrate, an input for coupling a radio frequency signal to the microstrip, an output for receiving the radio frequency signal from the microstrip, and a connection for applying a control voltage to the electrode. In an alternative embodiment, a second electrode can be positioned on the surface of the substrate and separated from the first electrode to form a gap positioned under the microstrip.

Abstract: A delay line component having merits of small physical size and small insertion loss in a radio frequency. The delay line component with coaxial cable structure includes a center conductor, a dielectric which surrounds the center conductor and an outer conductor which is formed outside the dielectric. The dielectric is made of a ceramic dielectric with a large dielectric constant.

Abstract: An apparatus and method provide an adjustable phase and time delay to an input signal. The apparatus includes an inverting element and first and second variable capacitors. The inverting element has a first end serially coupled with the input signal and a second end. The first variable capacitor is coupled between the first end of the inverting element and first voltage. The second variable capacitor is coupled between the second end of the inverting element and a second voltage. The first and second variable capacitors are separately adjustable to controllably vary a phase shift and a delay of a reflection of the input signal. The first and second voltages may be at the same or different potentials. The input signal may be coupled to the inverting element through a directional coupler, such as a circulator.

Abstract: The invention is a mechanically or electro-mechanically driven phase shifter for radio frequencies. It is a device for phase shifting a signal propagating through a transmission line by moving a conductive construct between an active line and a ground plane of the transmission line. The conductive construct capacitively couples with either the active line and/or the ground plane, forming a capacitive shunt that reflects a significant part of the signal. The remaining portion of the signal is reflected at a terminated end of the transmission line, resulting in substantially no signal loss. The reflectance of the conductive constructs is determined by its capacitance to active line and ground, by its length, and by the step in the field-distribution at the interface between air-suspended and sledge-suspended sections.

Abstract: A left and right hemisphere independently adjustable azimuth antenna with a new method of electrically floating reflector device when used with the cooperating antenna array geometry, yields an modified directed radiated beam which can be actuated by means of a simple mechanical mechanism. The adjustment in the azimuth pattern is accomplished by means of moving the electrically floating reflector device in an arc around a line parallel to the axis of the antenna.

Abstract: A programmable phase shifter (20, 40, 54, 60, 62) includes a variable delay line formed from a nonlinear transmission line (NLTL) (26, 28, 46, 28), which enables the device to be used in applications where the frequency of the input signal varies. A variable DC bias applied to the NLTL (26, 28, 46, 48) varies the NLTL's phase velocity and delay. Since the characteristic impedance of a transmission line changes as a function of the DC bias, the input voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) also changes. In order to compensate for the change in the input VSWR, a pair of NLTLs (26, 28, 46, 48) are coupled at the input and output to a pair of hybrid couplers (22, 42). In an alternate embodiment of the invention, the hybrid couplers (22, 24) are replaced with 180° power splitters (42, 44) in order to reduce distortion of the device. In other embodiments of the invention (40, 54), a nonlinear transmission lines are used to form both discretely variable and continuously variable digital phase shifters (60, 62).

Abstract: A variable phase shifter is improved in liquid crystal response characteristics by using a thin liquid crystal material as a dielectric substrate. The variable phase shifter includes two substrates disposed parallel to each other. The substrates have alignment layers on their mutually opposing inner surfaces. A liquid crystal layer is sealed in the area between the substrates. A transmission line is formed to meander on the inner surface of one of the substrates. A grounding conductor is formed on the inner surface of the substrate along the transmission line at a predetermined distance therefrom. External electrodes are formed at least in regions on the respective outer surfaces of the substrates, each of which regions corresponds to the gap between the transmission line and the grounding conductor. A bias voltage source applies a bias voltage between the upper and lower external electrodes.

Abstract: A non-mechanical electrically adjustable delay device which does not suffer from interruptions in impedance inherent in multiple-tap delay lines. The wide band electrical delay line is capable of delaying a wide band of signals without significant distortion, e.g., up into the microwave range, and allows continuous transmission of a signal between the input port and the output port. The exemplary wide band electrical delay line comprises two transmission lines, preferably parallel to one another, and having different propagation velocities. A plurality of electrical cross connect circuits are connected between the two transmission lines. The electrical cross connect circuits are spaced along the lengths of the two transmission lines, e.g., preferably to form evenly spaced distances therebetween. The total delay through the wide band electrical delay line is adjusted by selectively activating an appropriate one of the plurality of cross connect circuits between the two transmission lines.

Abstract: A transmission or delay line transformer comprising a plurality of transmission or delay lines (101-110) so arranged that the inputs to the lines are connected together in parallel to provide a transformer input (130) and the outputs of the lines are connected together in series so as to provide a transformer output (131). In order to provide isolation between the input (130) and the output (131) of the transformer the lines are arranged so as to provide inductive isolation (L) between the inputs and outputs of the lines. The inductive isolation (L) provided between the input and output of any particular line depends upon the stage of the transformer which that particular line forms, the higher the stage the higher the amount of inductive isolation provided. The transmission or delay lines may take the form of conventional transmission lines, transmission lines modified so as to increase the time of propagation of signals along the line or lumped element balanced delay lines.

Abstract: An electromechanical phase shifter for a microstrip microwave transmission line includes a conductive base plate and a pair of microstrip transmission line segments supported parallel to each other and parallel to and spaced from the base plate. A movable microstrip transmission line bridges the pair of transmission line segments and is movable therealong to provide a short circuit therebetween. A movable ground element is coupled to the bridging transmission line for movement therewith and is in contact with the pair of transmission line segments and the base plate. The spacing between the movable bridging transmission line and the ground element is maintained at one quarter wavelength of the center frequency of the signal frequency band.

Abstract: A magnetostatic wave device comprises a magnetic garnet single crystal film. The single crystal film magnetic garnet is represented by the general formula of Y3Fe5-x-yInxMyO12 (wherein M is at least one of Ga, Al and Sc, 0.01≦x≦0.45 and 0≦y≦1.2) and the Curie temperature is about 150° C. to 285° C.

Abstract: An electrical signal phase compensator includes at least two conductors and a ground wire. In a two conductor system, the length of the first conductor is substantially longer than the second conductor. The first conductor and the second conductor are connected in parallel. In a three conductor system, the length of the second conductor is substantially longer than the third conductor. The first conductor is substantially longer than the second conductor. The first conductor, the second conductor, and the third conductor are connected in parallel. In a second preferred embodiment, the electrical signal phase compensator includes a neutral line which is disposed adjacent to the corresponding signal line. Each respective neutral line is connected in parallel. Each end of the plurality of neutral lines is terminated with a potentiometer. Each potentiometer is connected to ground. The electrical signal phase compensator may also be implemented on a circuit board with traces of different lengths.

Abstract: The present invention provides a High Resolution Scanning Reflectarray Antenna (HRSRA) for the purpose of tracking ground terminals and space craft communication applications. The present invention provides an alternative to using gimbaled parabolic dish antennas and direct radiating, phased arrays. When compared to a gimbaled parabolic dish, the HRSRA offers the advantages of vibration free steering without incurring appreciable cost or prime power penalties. In addition, it offers full beam steering at a fraction of the cost of direct radiating arrays and is more efficient.

Abstract: A phase shifting electric circuit (1) comprises units for conveying an input signal (V1) from a main signal input (12) to a main signal output (11). The circuit (1) has a first signal path (18), from the input (12) to the output (11), along which a connectable and disconnectable first active unit (3) is arranged and also a second signal path (19) along which a connectable and disconnectable second active unit (4) and a 180 degrees phase shifting unit (2) are arranged. By a method a selection is made which of the active units (3,4) is to be in a connected condition after which control signals (U1,U2) to the units (3,4) sets them in a connected and disconnected condition respectively with the outcome of a transmission from the output (11), depending on the selection, either a non-phase shifted signal (V1') or a 180 degrees phase shifted signal (V2'). Depending on the function of the active units (3,4) the signal (V1',V2') can also be affected in other respects than its relative phase.

Abstract: A user terminal (110) which comprises an electrically-controllable back-fed antenna (300, FIG. 3) is used for the formation of single and multiple beams. The electrically-controllable back-fed antenna comprises an RF power distribution/combination network (310), electrically-controllable phase-shifting elements (320), a control network (440, FIG. 4) and radiating/receiving elements (360). The control network is coupled to the electrically-controllable phase-shifting elements and is used for controlling the dielectric constant of dielectric material contained within the electrically-controllable phase-shifting elements. In a preferred embodiment, phase-shifting elements comprise waveguide sections containing at least one dielectric material, and the dielectric material includes a ferroelectric material, preferably comprising Barium Strontium Titanate (BST).

Abstract: In a delay line, an inside conductor has straight inside conductors and curved inside conductors each of which is positioned between adjacent two ones of the straight inside conductors, each of the curved inside conductors is connected to the adjacent two ones of the straight inside conductors. A first outside conductor has an inside surface which defines a receiving ditch which receives the inside conductor. A second outside conductor covers an aperture of the receiving ditch.

Abstract: An acoustic wave identification transponder device, having a substrate, an electroacoustic transducer generating an acoustic wave in said substrate and a set of encoding elements disposed in a path of the acoustic wave for modifying the acoustic wave, having at least two reflective elements disposed in the acoustic path of the acoustic wave such that an acoustic path length of the acoustic wave on the substrate is longer than twice a largest linear dimension of the substrate. The device preferably includes an angled elongated conductor formed on said substrate, having angle magnitudes whose sum exceeds .pi. radians, said angled elongated conductor defining at least a portion of the acoustic path.

Abstract: There is provided a magnetostatic wave device which operates even with a substitution R, A:YIG having a small film thickness and which has a wider operational frequency band. A magnetostatic wave device comprising a magnetic garnet film is provided which is made of a material expressed by a general formula: (Y.sub.1-r R.sub.r).sub.3 (Fe.sub.1-a A.sub.a).sub.5 O.sub.12 where R is at least one selected from among La, Bi, Gd and Lu; A is at least one selected from among Al, Ga, In and Sc; r and a are within the ranges 0.ltoreq.r.ltoreq.1 and 0.ltoreq.a<1, respectively; and r and a can not be zero at the same time. Further, the crystal structure of said magnetic garnet film is a superlattice.

Abstract: A feed line structure (1), especially integrated with a stationary array of antenna elements so as to enable adjustment of the direction of the beam radiated from the array. The feed line structure comprises a feed conductor line pattern (3) disposed on a fixed carrier plate (2) at a distance from and in parallel to a fixed ground plate (4), and a movable dielectric plate (5) located therebetween. The feed line pattern (3) is elongated in the same direction (A) as the movement direction of the dielectric plate (5). The propagation velocity of the signal components is reduced by the dielectric plate (5), whereby a controlled phase difference between the various signal components is obtained.

Abstract: A UHF phase shifter including a UHF waveguide having an electrooptical element lying between two elements 3 and 4 made of materials which have permittivity higher than that of the electrooptical element. An electric polarization field is applied for controlling the electrooptical element and a UHF line is inserted into the element. The control of the orientation of the molecules of the electrooptical element allows for a variation of the index of the element as seen by the field of a UHF wave.

Abstract: A delay line is produced by firing a laminated body and terminals (an input terminal, an output terminal and grounding terminals) which are formed by printing or another method on the side faces, top and bottom surfaces of the laminated body. The laminated body has four dielectric rectangular sheet layers (dielectric constant .epsilon.r=approximately 6.3) containing mainly barium oxide, aluminum oxide and silica. The laminated body is formed by layering from top to bottom, in the order given, a first sheet layer, a second sheet layer which has a grounding conductor formed on its top surface, a third sheet layer which has a transmission line meanderingly formed on its top surface, and a fourth sheet layer which has another grounding conductor formed on its top surface.

Abstract: A thin film differential delay line configured in a strip line assembly on ceramic substrates for PECL logic applications. A number of alternative layered constructions are disclosed. Each assembly provides complementary serpentine conductors constructed in symmetrical arrangements, i.e. side-by-side, over-under and mirrored. Bordering ground conductors at the signal layer and adjacent ground planes layers shield the delay line conductors. Termination pads having plated through vias facilitate electrical couplings between the layers.

Abstract: A printed circuit board with a microstrip radio frequency delay line deposited thereon. In addition, a plurality of delay line segments are deposited on the board in close proximity to one end of the delay line. To achieve an overall desired delay length, one of the delay line segments is selected and serially inserted in circuit with the delay line by populating a surface mount circuit element between terminals at the ends of the delay line and the selected delay line segment.

Abstract: In a semiconductor integrated circuit device of the invention, a fixed potential line is extended longer than required on the semiconductor integrated circuit device, so that a parasitic inductance of the fixed potential line is increased, and accordingly an LC filter (low pass filter) operates to absorb high frequency noises.

Abstract: A multi-function, balanced phase shifter and switch having a particular application as a balanced switched low-noise amplifier. The switch includes a hybrid input coupler that couples a first input signal at a first input port and a second input signal at a second input port into a first path and a second path of the switch. Each of the first path and the second path include at least one amplifier and a phase shifter. The phase shifters include a hybrid coupler and two switching devices that are simultaneously switched on or off by a single control signal. Output from the two paths are applied to an output hybrid coupler that couples the output from the two paths into first and second output ports of the switch. By controlling the two control signals applied to the phase shifters to selectively switch the switching devices on and off, signals at the input ports can be selectively amplified and switched to the output ports in a balanced, low-noise manner.

Abstract: A surface magnetostatic wave device includes an Fe-containing garnet single crystal film grown on a gadolinium gallium garnet substrate. The crystallographic plane azimuth of the gadolinium gallium garnet substrate can be one of a (110) plane, a (100) plane, and a (211) plane. The device achieves both a reduced saturation magnetization and a reduced anisotropic magnetic field to thereby minimize the lowest frequency in the propagation band.

Abstract: A temperature variable phase-shifter formed of passive components. The phase-shifter includes a power divider which is adapted to receive a signal and divide the signal into two components which are 90.degree. out of phase with each other. The outputs of the power divider are connected to positive and negative temperature variable attenuators which attenuated the components of the signal. The temperature variable attenuators are connected to a combiner which sums the attenuated signals from the temperature variable attenuators.

Abstract: An electrical network emulates the transmission characteristics of a video signal cable, allowing tests to be made as to the length to which the cable may be extended before video signal degradation occurs. The preferred embodiment emulates a Beldon.RTM. 8281 coaxial cable, used for the transmission of serial digital video signals, and comprises four sections. The sections are arranged to emulate cable lengths of 25 meters, 50 meters and 200 meters.

Abstract: An improved BST dielectric powder is created used a sol-gel procedure. Addition of graphite to the powder, followed by a firing of the mixture results in a highly porous BST substrate, with the included graphite being burned off. By adjustment of the amount of added graphite, the porosity of the BST substrate is widely adjustable and enables achievement of a low bulk dielectric constant. A low dielectric filler is added to the fired substrate so as to provide a composite substrate with physical rigidity. Conductive layers are then adhered to the composite substrate to enable a tuning of the dielectric constant in accordance with applied DC voltage potentials. Antenna and other applications of the improved composite BST substrate are described.

Abstract: An adjustable phase shifter is formed of an RF transmission line having an internal cavity, in which the phase shift produced is determined in part by a mound of flowable dielectric material in the internal cavity. An inlet tube defines a chute for dispensing the dielectric material into the internal cavity and a capped outlet tube connected to a bottom end of the internal cavity defines another gravity chute through which the dielectric material is removed to lower the height of the mound, when the cap is removed from the tube. The electrical length of the phase shifter is increased with addition of dielectric material and decreased with removal thereby varying the effective length of the RF transmission line and the phase shift produced on the RF that propagates therethrough.