Abstract: One or more nozzle boxes are supported by support walls of a yankee dryer hood. The mounting arrangement serves to maintain the nozzle boxes concentric to the yankee, reduce thermal stresses, and alleviate edge misalignment problems between the nozzle boxes and web cages caused by thermal expansion.

Abstract: A single tier drying section is disclosed for drying a web. The drying section includes a dryer and a felt guided about the dryer such that the web is disposed between the dryer and the felt for drying a first side of the web. A further dryer is disposed downstream relative to the dryer and a further felt is guided about the further dryer such that the web is disposed between the further dryer and the further felt for drying a second side of the web. A dryer transfer mechanism is used for transferring the web from the dryer to the further dryer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a wire group in a drying section provided with single-wire draw in a paper machine or paper finishing machine. A paper web to be dried is passed on support of a drying wire alternatingly over heated cylinder faces of drying cylinders and over leading rolls or other equivalent drying cylinders. The paper web is pressed into direct contact against the heated cylinder face of the drying cylinders and, on the leading rolls, the paper web is placed on the outside face of the drying-wire loop at a side of the outside curve. In the invention, the difference in speed of the paper web which the paper web would have during operation of the drying section on the turning sectors of the drying cylinders and the leading rolls is reduced by dimensioning of the structure of the drying wire in the direction of thickness and by selecting appropriate materials for the structure of the drying wire.

Abstract: An apparatus in the dryer section of a papermaking machine for preventing the flutter of a paper web comprises an air blow box located between adjacent cylinders within a loop of a support fabric (F) formed by a guide roll. The blow box includes a blow chamber, into whose wall opens a nozzle for providing an ejector assembly together with an opposite wall included in the box. The walls build therebetween a flow path direct towards an uncovered section of support fabric (F). An air current discharging from nozzle is delivered through the flow path and into a space confined by the uncovered section of support fabric (F) and thereby through the support fabric. The air current creates a vacuum in a space defined between the ejector assembly and a section of support fabric (F) carrying the web (W).

Abstract: A drier apparatus for drying sheets of photosensitive material processed with processing solutions while the photosensitive material is being transported. Rollers are provided along a transport passage for transporting the photosensitive material, and the rollers transport the photosensitive material and dry the photosensitive material by heating. The rollers are heated by heaters, respectively. The surface temperature of each roller is detected by a temperature detector, and a controller controls the heaters in such a manner that the range of fluctuation of the surface temperature of each roller falls within a predetermined range of values on the basis of the change with time of the detected surface temperatures of the rollers.

Abstract: An arrangement for transferring a paper web from the last drying cylinder of a first dryer group to the first dryer cylinder of a second dryer group. The last of the first drying cylinders lies outside a first endless loop porous support belt of the first dryer group. The first of the second drying cylinders lies outside a second endless loop porous support belt of the second dryer group. A first guide roll lies inside the loop of the first belt and is spaced from the first cylinder. A second guide roll lies inside the loop of the second belt, and is spaced from the second drying cylinder and along the path of the first belt between the first drying cylinder and the first guide roll. The second belt wraps around the second guide roll and the web on the first belt contacts the second belt on the path of the first belt toward the first guide roll.

Abstract: The dry end of a paper machine comprises a first dryer group with top drying cylinders (11 to 14), with a first drying wire (10) and with bottom deflection suction rolls (21 to 23). Adjacent this, there is a second dryer group with bottom drying cylinders (15 to 18), with a second drying screen (20) and with top deflection suction rolls (25 to 27). In this way, both sides of the web (9) to be dried come, in succession, into direct contact with the drying cylinders. At the place where the web (9) changes from the first drying wire to the second drying wire, there is a transfer suction roll (24) which lies within the loop (20) of the second support belt. The web (9) travels there from the last cylinder (14) of the first dryer group over an at least approximately straight travel path to the transfer suction roll (24) and thus onto the second support belt (20).

Abstract: Apparatus for cooling the end portions of a calender roll which has an elastic layer adjacent its peripheral surface and wherein the central portion of the peripheral surface is overlapped by a running web of paper or other material when the calender is in use. The width of the non-overlapped portions of the peripheral surface of the roll varies when a web having a first width is followed by a web having a different second width. This could lead to damage to the roll at the non-overlapped portions of the peripheral surface as a result of overheating by an adjacent rotary component of the calender. The end portions of the roll are cooled by discrete adjustable cooling devices which are movable along the respective non-overlapped portions of the peripheral surface in parallelism with the axis of the roll and each of which shares movements with a monitoring device which is to be maintained in a selected position relative to the adjacent marginal portion of a running web.

Abstract: The apparatus for interconnecting two groups of driers of a papermaking machine serves to interconnect two successive drying sections through which successively travels a paper web which is dried by such successive drying sections. When needed or desired, such interconnection must be interrupted. For this purpose there are used additional elements which are capable of bringing about a separation of the endless drying wires associated with the respective web drying sections and, at the same time, during normal operation, that is, during the transfer of the paper web from the one to the other drying section, affording a regulatable operation capable of retaining the quality of the paper web. Thus, for this purpose there are proposed the use of adjustable rollers and also suction boxes operated under vacuum conditions.

Abstract: Heat protection hood for heated rolls (1) in particular for rapidly running rolls (1) in paper machines which are partly surrounded by the heat protection hood. In this arrangement an outer screen (7) is arranged partly around the roll (1) and is concentric to it. The outer screen (7) and a likewise concentrically extending partition screen (4) present between it and the roll (1) form an inner gap (5) and an outer gap (6). Respective deflection zones (9) for the air flow drawn along by the roll (1) in the inner gap (5) adjoin each of the ends of the partition screen (4). Deflecting units (10, 11) are provided there so as to deflect the recirculating air flow around the ends of the partition screen (4). The invention is intended to substantially reduce heat losses through radiation and convection and offers the possibility of influencing the axial temperature profile of the roll (1).

Abstract: Apparatus for drying fabric and yarn includes a plurality of dry cans for transferring heat to the material and elongate tangential blowers parallel and adjacent to the dry cans to circulate air at the surfaces of the dry cans. Each tangential blower has an outlet having a length substantially equal to the length of the dry cans and in substantial alignment with the dry cans, as well as a width extending over a substantial arc of the tangential blower. The tangential blowers also include tangential blower wheels with axial vanes extending substantially the length of the tangential blowers and the dry cans, and inlets extending over substantially the same length as that of the dry cans. The tangential blowers are pivotally mounted so that the orientation of the outlets can be adjusted. In an alternate embodiment, a heating coil is positioned at the inlet of the tangential blowers to heat the air entering the tangential blowers.

Abstract: A single tier drying section is disclosed for drying a web. The drying section includes a dryer and a felt guided about the dryer such that the web is disposed between the dryer and the felt for drying a first side of the web. A further dryer is disposed downstream relative to the dryer and a further felt is guided about the further dryer such that the web is disposed between the further dryer and the further felt for drying a second side of the web. A dryer transfer mechanism is used for transferring the web from the dryer to the further dryer.

Abstract: A dryer section for a machine for drying a fibrous web and particularly a paper web. The dryer section comprises a row of dryer cylinders which alternate with reversal suction rolls along the path of the web. The dryer cylinders are separated into at least an upstream first dryer part and a downstream second dryer part in the path of the web through the dryer section. A continuous supporting belt travels along with the web alternately over each dryer cylinder and its associated suction roll in respective dryer groups in each of the upstream and downstream dryer parts. Every suction roll in the upstream first part has a stationary suction box in it. Every suction roll in the downstream second part does not have a suction box. All of the suction rolls have a perforated roll shell. The density of the perforations in the roll shell of the suction rolls in the first upstream part is at least twice as great as the density of the perforations in the roll shell of the suction rolls in the second downstream part.

Abstract: The invention is related to a blow and air-conditioning device for an inverted cylinder group in a drying section of a paper machine. The inverted cylinder group includes a lower row of drying cylinders and a corresponding row of leading cylinders or rolls placed above said cylinders in the gaps between them. The inverted cylinder group is provided with single-wire draw so that the heated drying cylinders placed in the lower row in the group, are placed outside the loop of a drying wire and the lead cylinders in the group are placed inside the drying-wire loop. A blow box is fitted in spaces between adjacent leading cylinders and above the drying cylinders. A nozzle of the blow box directs blowings into a wedge-shaped nip space opening in the direction of running of the web, which outlet nip space is defined between the face of the drying cylinder and the run of the web and of the drying wire.

Abstract: A dry end of a paper making machine comprising two dryer groups of dryer cylinders each followed by a respective web path reversal roll, which may be in the form of a suction guide roll, and a respective porous web support belt that meanders past each dryer cylinder and the next web path reversal roll for each dryer group. The last one of the first dryer group reversal rolls and the first one of the second dryer group reversal rolls, and additional guide rolls for guiding both the first and the second support belts, being so placed that at the place where the web is transferred from the first support belt to the second support belt, there is a spaced distance between the first and the second support belts. A web separation device generally inside the loop of the first support belt and opposite the first one of the second reversal rolls directs air through the first support belt to help transfer the web from the first support belt to the second support belt at the first one of the second reversal rolls.

Abstract: In a screen drum device with a fan mounted endwise for generating suction through the screen drum surface, in front of a screen drum jacket, a baffle cover is usually provided. This baffle cover generates in a baffle chamber in front of the baffle cover, the accumulated pressure which is required for uniform processing of a web of material. In order to be able to handle optimally webs of different widths on the screen drum, the baffle cover in the vicinity of the narrow width of the goods is made so that it can be either removed completely or is given an opening mechanism, or the baffle cover has an additional screen cover located parallel thereto and displaceable with respect to the baffle cover.

Abstract: The uncoated side of a running web-shaped substrate, the other side of which carries a layer containing an evaporable solvent, is contacted by at least one idler guide roller which is rotated by the substrate. The angle of contact between the uncoated side of the substrate and the peripheral surface of the guide roller is increased by streams of compressed conditioning gas which is discharged by the orifices of two venturis one of which is located immediately upstream of the guide roller and directs gas counter to the direction of advancement of the substrate. The other venturi is located immediately downstream of the guide roller and its orifice discharges gas in the direction of advancement of the substrate.

Abstract: At least one boundary control roll is disposed adjacent a moving web of paper or like material being imprinted with ink. The web of paper has opposing planar surfaces, and at least one such boundary control roll is positioned in transverse non-contacting proximity to a planar surface of said web and rotated counter to the direction of travel of the web. If multiple rolls are used, the rolls on opposing sides of the web should be coacting and counter-rotating. The boundary layer formed about the peripheral surface of each roll is adjustably positioned within the boundary layer on adhering to the moving web. By colliding the respective boundary layers, a zone of interference is created and the boundary layer of the web is significantly reduced in thickness. In this manner, the thickness of the hot solvent-laden boundary layer adhering to each side of the web is effectively reduced.

Abstract: A papermachine drying apparatus is disclosed for drying a first and a second side of the web. The apparatus includes a first single tier drying section for drying only the first side of the web. The first drying section includes a first plurality of dryer cylinders for drying the first side of the web, and a first plurality of vacuum rolls disposed in close proximity between adjacent dryer cylinders of the first plurality of dryer cylinders. A second single tier drying section for drying only the second side of the web in which the drying section includes a second plurality of dryer cylinders for drying the second side of the web, such cylinders being disposed immediately downstream relative to the first drying section. A second plurality of vacuum rolls are arranged such that each vacuum roll is disposed in close proximity between adjacent dryer cylinders of the second plurality of dryer cylinders.

Abstract: A transfer apparatus is disclosed for transferring a web from an upstream dryer to a downstream dryer of a dryer section. The apparatus includes a first dryer felt which extends around the upstream dryer for supporting the web such that the web is disposed between the first felt and the upstream dryer for drying a first side of the web. The first felt roll is disposed downstream relative to the upstream dryer for guiding the first felt such that the first felt diverges relative to the upstream dryer and extends from the upstream dryer to and around the first felt roll. A second felt roll is disposed between the upstream dryer and the first felt roll such that the web is disposed between the second felt roll and the first felt. A second dryer felt extends around the downstream dryer for supporting the web such that the web is disposed between the second dryer felt and the downstream dryer for drying a second side of the web.

Abstract: In the drying section of a paper or board machine, a web travels in a meander-like fashion around drying cylinders and it is provided with ducts for delivering web-run stabilizing suction into the drying section. At least one cylinder is provided with ducts for delivering suction in the interior of a drying cylinder, the jacket of the cylinder being provided with flow paths communicating with the duct for delivering suction outside the cylinder both in a sector in which web runs around the jacket of the cylinder and in a sector in which the jacket of the cylinder is unoccupied by the run of the web.

Abstract: A photosensitive material-drying apparatus for drying a photosensitive material after being dipped in a treatment solution to wet the same. Water-absorbing rollers for contact with the same surface of the photosensitive material are provided in the vicinity of a photosensitive material-introducing inlet, and are arranged along a direction of transfer of the photosensitive material. The water-absorbing abilities of the water-absorbing rollers is increased progressively in the direction of transfer of photosensitive material.

Abstract: A pocket ventilation system for the dryer section of a paper machine. The ventilation system comprises a plenum with a plurality of orifices producing medium velocity air jets injecting air in the pocket through the dryer fabric, and an orifice producing a high velocity air jet creating a negative pressure zone extracting moisture laden air from the pocket.

Abstract: A veneer dryer has an entry end and an exit end. A conveyor conveys sheets of veneer through the dryer from the entry end to the exit end. A drying medium is applied to the veneer in the dryer. The conveyor includes a first plurality of drums, each having an axis of rotation and being rotatably mounted in the dryer and a pair of belts permeable by the drying medium. The belts run together around the drums. The sheets are captured for conveyance through the flow of drying medium in the dryer between the belts.

Abstract: Wet air preferably from a liquid ring pump is dehumidified by the use of a desiccant liquid absorber. The heat released by condensation of water vapor in the absorption liquid will be taken up by the air. The air is further heated by water vapor produced by regenerating the absorption liquid. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the source of the wet air is a suction box in the forming section, couch roll or pick-up roll of a paper machine and the hot air is used as pocket ventilation air in the dryer section of the paper machine.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for use in the drying section of a paper machine, which apparatus comprises a drying cylinder group formed by drying cylinders and a roll group formed by rolls, preferably suction rolls located at a different height relative to the drying cylinders. The geometric rotational axis of the roll located in an area between two adjacent drying cylinders in a different height position is spaced away from the center plane between the center axes of the drying cylinders. The surface of the roll, preferably a suction roll, is adapted to be located as close to the surface of the drying cylinder on the web outgoing side of the roll as possible, whereby the free transfer distance of the outgoing side is minimized.

Abstract: A nozzle arrangement in a blow box of a paper machine, comprising one or several nozzles (22a, 22b) placed in connection with the blow box (20) or pipe, through which nozzles a blowing of air can be applied to a moving member in a paper machine placed in their proximity, such as a wire, drying cylinder, guide roll, felt, or the equivalent. The blow box (20) and its nozzles (20a, 20b) are at a certain operational safety distance (C) from the moving member. In connection with the nozzle slots of the nozzles (22a, 22b) or nozzle, a respective nozzle flap (24a, 24b) pivotable around a respective transverse hinge shaft (P) is hinged. The nozzle flaps (24a, 24b) respectively guide the blowing of air (F.sub.a, F.sub.b) to the desired object and if necessary maintain a required difference in pressure.

Abstract: Multi-cylinder dryer, has upper cylinder (13,14,15,16) and lower cylinders (10,11,12) over which a paper web (W) to be dried is run in meandering fashion from one cylinder onto the next cylinder The paper web is in direct contact with each drying cylinder within a sector that is larger than 180.degree.. An upper wire (5) and a lower wire (6) are used to press the paper web against faces of the drying cylinders (10,11,12; 13,14,15,16). The wires (6,5) are guided by guide rolls, which are placed in such a way that the paper web (W) is continuously supported by a wire (5,6) as it runs from one cylinder onto the other. The guide roll arrangements consist of fragmentary rolls (21,51), which are supported on suction boxes (20) and/or on blow boxes (50) so that at least two fragmentary rolls (21,51) are supported on each suction box (20)/blow box (50). By means of the suction boxes (20)/blow boxes (50), blowings (S,P) are directed at the drying wire (5,6).

Abstract: Method and device in multi-cylinder dryers of a paper machine, which the dryers comprise two lines of drying cylinders (10,11), in whose connection twin-wire draw is applied, by means of whose drying wire (F1,F2) a closed draw is obtained in the transfer of the paper web (W) from one cylinder line onto the other. In the closed draw, the guide rolls (12/13) of the drying wires (F1/F2) are placed at the proximity of the run of the other wire (F2/F1) on which the drying wire runs from its drying cylinder (11/10) to its guide roll (13/12). For the purpose of ventilation of the pockets (T1,T2) defined by the drying wires (F1,F2) and by the free faces of the drying cylinders (10,11), an air jet or air jets (S1) are blown against the drying wires (F1,F2) within the area in which the drying wire (F1/F2) contacts a portion of the web (W) supported by the other drying wire F2 /F1 which runs over a segment of the circumference of the guide roll (13/12) of the other drying wire F2/F1.

Abstract: A transfer apparatus is disclosed for transferring a web from a press nip to a dryer section. The apparatus includes a backing roll and a press member which cooperates with the backing roll for defining therebetween the press nip. A press blanket extends through the press nip such that the web is disposed between the blanket and the backing roll during passage of the web through the press nip. A backing drum is disposed downstream relative to the press nip such that the blanket and the web extend contiguously relative to each other from the press nip to the backing drum. A dryer felt cooperates with the backing drum such that the web is disposed between the blanket and the felt during passage of the blanket, web and felt around the backing drum and a transfer mechanism is disposed adjacent to the backing drum for transferring the web without an open draw from the blanket to the felt such that the web follows the felt through the dryer section.

Abstract: A tail cutter apparatus is disclosed for cutting a tail from a web extending through a single tier dryer section. The apparatus includes a dryer of the drying section and a felt extending contiguously with the web around the dryer, the web being disposed between the felt and the dryer for drying the web. The further dryer is disposed downstream relative to the dryer and the felt and web extend contiguously around the further dryer with the web being disposed between the felt and the further dryer for further drying the web. A felt roll is disposed downstream relative to the dryer and upstream relative to the further dryer for guiding the felt during movement of the felt between the dryer and the further dryer. A guide roll is disposed downstream relative to the dryer and upstream relative to the further dryer for guiding the web during movement of the web away from the towards the felt roll such that a first and second open draw of the web are defined between the felt roll and the guide roll.

Abstract: Method and device in a cylinder dryer of a paper machine, in which a paper web is guided in connection with upper cylinders by using an upper wire and in connection with lower cylinders by using a lower wire. The wires are guided by faces of the respective drying cylinders and by guide rolls situated in spaces between the cylinders so that on an upper line of cylinders the web is pressed by the upper wire into direct drying contact with the faces of the upper cylinders, and the web is pressed by the lower wire into the faces of the lower cylinders in a lower line of the cylinders. In the method and in the device, the web is passed from one line of cylinders to the other over a certain distance as an open draw. A drying-air blowing is directed at the drying wires within an area of a line at which the respective drying wires are detached from the respective drying cylinders.

Abstract: The present invention is an air guide box. The box has a guide wall intended to lay adjacent to a running web. The guide wall has an air suction channel and a discharge opening. A drive jet blows air into the air suction channel to create suction, with the air being expelled through the discharge opening.

Abstract: A dryer section apparatus is disclosed for drying a web. The apparatus includes a first and second tier of dryers which include, respectively, a first, second dryer and a third dryer. The arrangement is such that the web moves from the first dryer towards and around the third dryer and subsequently to and around the second dryer. A transfer roll is disposed between the first, second and third dryers such that the distance between the transfer roll and the first dryer is less than the distance between the transfer roll and the second dryer. A dryer felt extends contiguously with the web around the first dryer with the felt then extending around the transfer roll and thereafter around the second dryer such that a pocket is defined between the web extending between the dryers, the third dryer and the felt.

Abstract: A dryer section in which a paper web to be dried meanders successively over several drying cylinders, which are arranged in two rows one above the other. To the top row of cylinders is allotted a top supporting belt and to the bottom row of cylinders a bottom supporting belt. Between each two drying cylinders each of the supporting belts runs over a carrier roll. At the open paper draws are provided web stabilizers of which each exhibits several nozzle elements with one air blow slot each and a web-guiding surface interacting with it. The direction of flow of the blow air is at all nozzle elements the same as the direction of travel of the paper web. Each web stabilizer is designed as an exhaust-air box surrounding the nozzle elements, to which an exhaust-air pipe is connected.

Abstract: A paper web drier section (5) has horizontal upper and lower tiers of dryers (7, 8) defining generally triangular pockets (9). An endless drier felt (10) is trained to run a paper web (W) sinuously successively and in direct contact on the upper perimeter areas of the upper (7) and lower (8) tier driers. Broke is ejected downwardly from the pocket (9). To facilitate such broke ejection, drier felt roll wrap enhancing felt rolls (19, 20) in the pockets are especially oriented for this purpose and define a respective broke-receiving and ejecting subpocket (21) under the upper tier driers (7) at each pocket (9).

Abstract: A dryer section apparatus is disclosed for drying a web extending therethrough. The apparatus includes a plurality of lower dryer drums and a plurality of upper dryer drums. A lower felt partially wraps each lower dryer drum of the plurality of lower dryer drums and each lower intermediate roll of a plurality of lower intermediate rolls is disposed between adjacent lower dryer drums such that each alternate lower intermediate roll guides both the web and the lower felt. An upper felt partially wraps each of the upper dryer drums of the plurality of upper dryer drums. The apparatus also includes a plurality of upper intermediate rolls with each upper intermediate roll being disposed between adjacent upper dryer drums such that each alternate upper intermediate roll guides both the web and the felt so that the web is transferred in open draw between adjacent upper and lower dryer drums thereby minimizing the length of the open draw and inhibiting web flutter during transfer between upper and lower dryer drums.

Abstract: Taught is an air guide box for stabilizing the run of a web, for instance a paper web, specifically for the drying section of a paper machine. The air guide box is connected to a blowing air supply and extends transverse to the running direction of the paper web. The paper web proceeds, preferably together with a backing belt, from one drying cylinder to another drying cylinder. A first wall of the air guide box, viewed in cross section, extends along the paper web or the backing belt forming a first gap therewith. A second wall extends along the cylinder surface of the first drying cylinder. Provided in the first wall is an opening which extends across the length of the air guide box and serves to remove the air from the first gap into the interior of the air guide box. Said opening is connected with an intake line of the blowing air supply.

Abstract: A device for controlling the cross-directional gloss profile on the surface of a calenderable material by selectively directing jets of steam against sections of the material across its width. Built-in steam flow control valves are provided to control the amount of steam applied to each section. Suction means may also be provided to remove excess steam and thus prevent undesirable condensation on adjacent structures. The gloss finish may be monitored and compared to a desired gloss finish and the valves are activated accordingly.

Abstract: A dryer for photosensitive material has a main housing. A blower housing with a blower is mounted inside the main housing. A container defining a drying compartment is also mounted inside the main housing on top of the blower housing. An inlet opening in the bottom of the container establishes communication between the blower and the drying compartment. A transporting unit consisting of a support which carries a series of transporting rollers, a series of guides and drive means for at least some of the rollers is removably mounted in the container. The main housing is provided with an aperture, and the transporting unit functions to draw photosensitive material into and to discharge photosensitive material from the drying compartment via the aperture. The main housing is further provided with an air admitting opening for the admission of fresh air to the blower.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for providing a shower of fog onto a web or a machine component in contact with a web or for applying a layer of moisture to a web. The fog, which as a temperature lower than the temperature of the surface of the web or the machine component to be cooled, is applied to the surface and is caused to evaporate by the difference in the temperatures. A supply of dry air is supplied to transport the evaporated fog from the region adjacent the surface to be cooled. Fog may be generated through the use of an air-atomizing nozzle which propels water and compressed air through a small orifice under pressure to create an atomized mist or fog. To achieve localized control of the application of fog, a plurality of air atomizing nozzles is mounted in a row extending in the cross machine direction of the apparatus. An air plenum extending parallel to the row of air atomizing nozzles is mounted on at least one side of the row.

Abstract: A cylinder drying machine including a plurality of reflecting members arranged in opposition to at least the cloth-contacting surface of each of thermal cylinders, the reflecting members being disposed separately over the cloth-contacting surface of a thermal cylinder so that the distance between the front end portion of each of the reflecting members and the thermal cylinder is shorter than that between the rear end portion thereof and the thermal cylinder with the outer surface of the front end portion of one of two adjacent reflecting members opposed via a clearance to the inner surface of the rear end portion of the other.

Abstract: A web drier wherein the fabric carries the web to be dried around a plurality of drier drums in a sequence with at least one turning roll positioned between each roll in the sequence so that the web carried on the fabric is in direct face-to-face contact with each of the drums. The fabric is in face-to-face contact with each of the rolls between the drums and the web is held to the fabric by suction applied by blow boxes appropriately located relative to each turning roll. The rolls may be arranged in stacks with there being two turning rolls between adjacent stacks at one end of the stacks and none at the other. This arrangement improves the drying capacity of the drier by insuring that the web is in direct contact with the heated surface of the drier drums and may be used with existing 2-tier drier drum arrangements or with drums stacked higher or even as a single row of drums.

Abstract: An on-line film fluorination apparatus cooperative with a continuous polymer film extruding apparatus is set forth. In the preferred and illustrated embodiment, a continuous feed film is introduced into a closed cabinet or housing having alignment and guide rollers for directing the film into the housing. The film passes around a first roller having a portion thereof formed of sintered nickel to enable gaseous impregnation of the surface of the film with a gas flow including fluorine. The gas acts on the exposed face of the film, changing the surface of the polymer film, thereby providing a relatively thick surface upgrading of the film. After exposure to the fluorine, the film passes a closed vacuum container having an open face adjacent to the film surface for drawing off unreacted fluorine for recapture and recycling.

Abstract: A drying apparatus for sheets of sliced veneer has two conveyor belts lying one above the other running together jointly around a partially curvilinear, looped path guided by a plurality of guide apparatuses, the belts being positioned so that the sheets may be inserted between the belts for transport in a direction transverse to their widths, wherein the conveyor belts run rectilinearly between at least two of the adjacent guide apparatuses for a distance at least equal to half the maximum width of the sheets fed between the belts. The guide apparatuses may be rotatable cylindrical structures, for example rollers or cylinders, whose axes of rotation preferably all lie in the same horizontal plane. These rotatable cylindrical structures may be provided with brakes, drying and heating units as well. Furthermore the drying apparatus provides a velocity difference between the belts of from 2% to 5% and the belts passing between adjacent pairs of rollers are inclined at angles from 30.degree. to 75.degree..

Abstract: A unifelt system for drying paper includes banks of upper and lower drying cylinders around which the paper is conveyed in contact with a support sheet. At least one suction nozzle is provided at the pocket formed at the upstreammost lower cylinder and the support sheet to prevent air from being trapped between the paper and the support sheet for minimizing bulging which might otherwise occur.

Abstract: In a papermaking machine comprising a drying section wherein a hood covers a series of dryer drums supported by the frame, the dryer drums convey an endless felt supporting a continuous sheet of pulp to be dried. At least one heat collector is provided for collecting high quality heat generated and concentrated in the immediate vicinity of the dryer drums. The heat collector defines an enclosure having bases, sides and ends wherein one of the bases is constituted by a plurality of the dryer drums. The heat collector also contains an exhaust system to separately evacuate the high quality heat collected within the heat collector from the low quality heat collected by the hood covering the dryer drums. The heat collector is preferably constituted of fabric material and the heat separately evacuated therefrom is recycled elsewhere in the plant to supply or release additional energy.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for providing a shower of fog onto a web or a machine component in contact with a web. The fog, which has a temperature lower than the temperature of the surface of the web or the machine component to be cooled, is applied to the surface and is caused to evaporate by the difference in the temperatures. A supply of dry air is supplied to transport the evaporated fog from the region adjacent the surface to be cooled. Fog may be generated through the use of an air-atomizing nozzle which propels water and compressed air through a small orifice under pressure to create an atomized mist or fog. In one embodiment, the fog may also be supplied in controlled specified quantities locally as required to provide for a controllable fog application rate across the full apparatus width.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for providing a shower of fog onto a web or a machine component in contact with a web. The fog, which has a temperature lower than the temperature of the surface of the web or the machine component to be cooled, is applied to the surface and is caused to evaporate by the difference in the temperatures. A supply of dry air is supplied to transport the evaporated fog from the region surrounding the surface to be cooled. Fog may be generated through the use of an air-atomizing nozzle which propels water and compressed air through a small orifice under pressure to create an atomized mist or fog. The fog may also be generated through the use of an ultrasonic transducer which expels fine droplets of water from its surface by means of a high-frequency oscillating transducer motion. In one embodiment, the fog may also be generated in controlled specified quantities locally at each nozzle as required to provide for a controllable fog application rate across the full apparatus width.

Abstract: A web drier wherein the fabric carries the web to be dried around a plurality of drier drums in a sequence with at least one turning roll positioned between each roll in the sequence so that the web carried on the fabric is in direct face-to-face contact with each of the drums. The fabric is in face-to-face contact with each of the rolls between the drums and the web is held to the fabric by suction applied by blow boxes appropriately located relative to each turning roll. The rolls may be arranged in stacks with there being two turning rolls between adjacent stacks at one end of the stacks and none at the other. This arrangement improves the drying capacity of the drier by insuring that the web is in direct contact with the heated surface of the drier drums and may be used with existing 2-tier drier drum arrangements or with drums stacked higher or even as a single row of drums.