Abstract: A heat treatment tunnel for the treatment of fibers, threads slit film or the like fibrillary material used in the textile field is arranged to extend horizontally. The material to be heat treated is transported along a travel path, in endless length form, through the horizontally arranged tunnel. This tunnel includes a heat-insulated housing having an inlet slot for entry of the material and an outlet slot for withdrawal of the material from the housing; a fan chamber; a fan arranged within the chamber for effecting circulation of a gaseous treatment medium within the housing; a heater disposed downstream of the fan for heating the treatment medium; a fan intake connecting pipe positioned either above or below the traveling material to draw the gaseous treatment medium away from the travel path and fan exhaust openings positioned either below or above the traveling material; i.e., opposite to the location of the fan intake connecting pipe, to direct the gaseous treatment medium toward the travel path.

Abstract: In a method of and apparatus for heat-drying of webs, especially printed or inked webs, the web is first subjected to a contactless heat shock treatment, for example by hot air at about 300.degree. C. It is then heated by a contact process at a lower temperature, for example by heated rollers at about 230.degree. C., after which it is cooled by a contact process in a third step. Each of the heated rollers may have associated therewith a roller for applying a film of a buffer agent and also a cleaning roller. Energy expended in the processes is recovered by the use of heat exchangers. The apparatus may comprise a closed housing divided into separate chambers within which the sequence of steps is carried out.

Abstract: A stabilizing or secondary heater, for producing a crimped set yarn, comprises a tube having two substantially parallel bores extending therealong, one bore providing a yarn path for the yarn. Air is passed along the other bore, in a direction opposed to the direction of travel of the yarn, so as to be heated, and then through a communicating inlet and passages to impinge upon and be entrained by yarn, the air travelling along the yarn path bore to prevent entrainment of cold ambient air therealong and to ensure good heat transfer to the yarn.

Abstract: Radiant curved walls enclose opposite sides of a central heating chamber within which objects to be heated and dried are placed or passed along a path of travel. An insulated outer housing surrounds the radiant walls and defines, therewith, a pair of outer heating chambers. Heaters, carried by the outer housing, heat the air in the outer chamber and impellers in the outer chamber circulate that air so that it heats the radiant walls. Vents at the bottom portions of the radiant walls release air from the outer chamber to the inner chamber and an exhaust fan removes the air from the inner chamber. Radiation from the radiant walls heat and dry the objects, more than one-half the radiation being of a wave length of 5 microns or greater.

Abstract: A method and means for drying a thin aqueous-based coating on heat sensitive materials without boiling and without distortion or damage to the heat sensitive material or delicate surface thereof. Solvent-based adhesives are used in the production of articles of manufacture because of the ability to assembly the separate pieces immediately after the spray adhesive is applied. However, certain solvent-based adhesives attack the surface of the item to be covered, and in the case of videodiscs, the solvent in the adhesive may well contaminate the plastic surfaces or even the aluminum reflective layer of a laser disc. According to the present invention, a water based coating applied to a sensitive material is subjected to alternate sources of radiant heat energy and relatively cool air.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for drying and/or pre-heating in particular scrap metal with the aid of waste gases deriving from an electric arc furnace. The waste-gases are passed from the electric arc furnace through a line (1,2,3) which is arranged between an external, outwardly insulated container (6) and an inner container (4) for accommodating the scrap metal, with a gap (7,8) located between the waste-gas line and the containers. Air is drawn in through the gap (7,8) and absorbs heat from the wall (3) of the waste-gas line, whereafter the heated air is caused to pass through the scrap (5) in the inner container (4) and to deliver heat to the scrap.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of microwave drying of ammonium perchlorate grinding pheres. A preferred embodiment of the method employs a tunnel oven in combination with a microwave generator having an appropriate power supply. The tunnel oven receives microwave energy through transmission ducts in communication with a channeling device to distribute microwave energy over the grinding spheres to be dried. A preheated air supply facilitates moisture removal from the tunnel oven after the moisture adhered or occluded to the grinding spheres' surfaces is evaporated from the grinding spheres as a result of molecular vibrations of the water molecules after they absorb the microwave energy. A predetermined microwave frequency range and a predetermined drying time are employed to more efficiently remove adhered or occluded moisture from carbide grinding spheres as compared to conventional convection drying.

Abstract: A method of treating shoe parts having a coating of a moisture-curable composition utilizes an apparatus in which a support (16) for an article, e.g. a lasted shoe S, can be supported within a chamber (30) in which the support can be enclosed. The chamber (30) is supplied with heat and moisture. More especially, the article is subjected to infra-red radiation from a heater (44) and steam is supplied to the chamber (30) such that the humidity of the atmosphere within the chamber (30) is maintained during the operating cycle at a dew point of between 50.degree. and 60.degree. C. The surface temperature of the heater (44) is between 250.degree. and 420.degree. C., preferably between 300.degree. and 380.degree. C., and the article is subjected to infra-red radiation for a period of between 5 and 25 seconds, preferably 10 seconds. Because the chamber (30) is enclosed, steam is supplied for only the first 5 seconds of the heating period.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for R.F. drying of coated articles, such as gummed envelope flaps wherein the wet gummed flaps are moved through a curvilinear array of electrodes comprising a plate and a grid. The envelopes are carried between two belts around a drum having the plate and grid disposed adjacent to the periphery of the drum. The R.F. current travels diagonally between offset electrodes mounted on the plate and grid. The plate and grid are mounted in a housing which includes an air circulating system to remove heat and moisture from the housing. A screen forms a portion of one wall of the housing through which heat and moisture are exhausted from the housing. The drum is provided with fan blades to remove heat and moisture from within the confines of the drum.

Abstract: An ultraviolet radiator enclosed in an individual housing is formed as an attachment to a motor-driven hair drier. The ultraviolet radiator is mountable on the tubular extension of the hair drier.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for drying finely particulate solids in a carrier gas stream conducted along a helical path. The apparatus consists of an externally heated and cooled flow tube centrically surrounding a similarly heated and cooled inner body. Guide means helically arranged in succession in the flow direction are situated between the flow tube and inner body, and are formed as aerofoil-like curved or flat plates and are distributed over the whole length of the inner body. These guide means are designed as a self-supporting structure not secured to the inner body.

Abstract: A rotary coal feeder having a casing with a rotatable shaft having a plurality of blades defining pockets for feeding coal therethrough. The blades rotate about a hollow core and heated air passes through the core to keep the blades warm and prevent coal from sticking thereto. A chamber at the bottom of the feeder casing also has heated air passing through it to assist in drying the coal. The air exiting from the core and the chamber is directed into the coal stream.

Abstract: Energy is saved during the drying of radiographic films by infra-red radiation devices if their power is automatically varied in accordance with temperature measurements taken on circulating air. Such devices are particularly useful if incorporated into aqueous bath photographic processing machines which are followed by a drying chamber.

Abstract: A cross-direction web dryer includes a support structure arranged transversely across the web of moving paper. The drying apparatus has as its main structural support a large diameter structural member which is pivotally mounted on two end supports so that the associated cantilevered heating or drying modules can be rotated away from the moving web when desired. The structural member also provides an electrical wireway or conduit for the power cables to the individual dryer modules. Individual heater modules are arranged so that the cooling air enters a built-in plenum where air pressures are equalized for effective cooling of the quartz lamp heaters in the modules.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for drying and handling sludge. Sludge is conveyed or transferred into a rotary drying chamber that may be housed within a structure such as a solar drying structure. The rotary drying chamber is provided with a perforated side wall structure. As the rotary drying chamber is rotated, the action of the sludge within the drying chamber results in the sludge being transferred from the drying chamber through the side wall structure thereof. In particular, as the sludge is dried, the movement of the sludge within the drying chamber and particularly the impact of the sludge against the internal side wall structure of the drying chamber causes the sludge to be forced outwardly through the perforated side wall structure of the drying chamber in a spaghetti-like fashion. That is, the dried sludge is emitted through the side wall portion of the drying chamber in the form of relatively small spaghetti-like portions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for drying wooden products and solves the problem of providing such a method which is very economical and allows continuous control of the drying process. According to the invention the products are the moisture to migrate to the external surfaces of the products where it is absorbed by the air which is then dehumidified. The temperature and moisture content of the chamber atmosphere are continuously controlled.

Abstract: A capacitive high-frequency drying system for drying moisture-containing material in which hot air is passed through the high-frequency oven is disclosed. For better energy utilization, the air is preheated by the waste heat of the high-frequency generator, and is conducted, after passing through the oven, through a heat exchanger for heating water for utility or industrial purposes.

Abstract: A method of drying wooden objects according to the invention shall be carried out in a closed treatment room (10) with a supply of microwave effect which heats the objects stacked in a unit so that the moisture is pressed out and removed. Each unit is positioned in a cover of heat insulation stuff which prevents cooling of the wooden objects by the air circulation in the room.

Abstract: A drying apparatus employing adjustment baffles for cold air that is blown vertically upward from below a moving mesh belt, thereby achieving a uniform delivery of said cold air within a chamber heated by microwave energy.

Abstract: The stack of lumber is first enclosed in a flexible covering of pervious sheet material and then enclosed in a flexible covering of impervious sheet material and electrode plates are positioned above and below the stack of lumber. A subatmospheric pressure is applied on the stack of lumber and the electrodes are charged by high-frequency electric current to dielectrically heat the lumber and volatized water vapors are extracted from the stack of lumber and condensed and withdrawn to reduce the moisture content of the stack of lumber to the desired degree, 15 percent or less by weight. Accurate drying of the lumber is provided and the drying operation requires a relatively short period of time.

Abstract: The disclosed apparatus is for drying a ceramic green honeycomb body by dielectric heating, which apparatus comprises a support board disposed between two electrodes for the dielectric heating, the support board having a tray-like metallic first part to support the ceramic green honeycomb body and a plate-like non-metallic second part to hold the first part.

Abstract: An automatic drying apparatus for dyeing bobbins in the textile industry, in which the bobbins, slipped onto a perforated tube, are first predried with compressed air, followed by an intermediate drying operation of the bobbin surfaces with infrared heaters and final drying then performed capacitively in a high-frequency oven. The tube with the bobbins thereon is transported through the apparatus as a unit by a transporting device.

Abstract: A printed textile sheet is continuously passed through a chamber while being entrained in a flat, tensionless state on a horizontal section of a flexible endless carrier belt whose moisture content and temperature are positively maintained at selected values so that moisture content of the textile sheet, in particular at printed spot patterns, can be fairly equalized before and during application of steam and microwave emanation for uniform development and fixation of dyes over the entire area of the textile sheet.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method and an apparatus for accelerating the drying and/or curing of filler material, primer and top-coatings in connection with touch-up work on car bodies.According to the apparatus of the invention, grinding, filling and spraying are accomplished in one and the same booth, whereupon a carrier containing infra-red heat radiators and/or heating-elements and/or nozzles is traversed over the car, whereby controlled heat-energy is supplied to the surface accelerating drying and/or curing process of the surface treatment material. For supplying sufficient heat-energy to the front and rear parts of the car, special reflectors are located in front of and behind the car for reflecting heat-radiation from the carrier.

Abstract: A secondary dryer device comprising a drying oven, for subjecting open containers of water detector pads to a secondary drying operation. The oven has a pair of elongate channels disposed side by side with open, outer-most ends and blind inner-most ends. One channel holds a plurality of containers in single file, whereas the other channel holds a plurality of containers in double file, whereby the dwell time is greatly increased. A transfer structure interconnects the blind ends of the channels to provide transfer of the containers from the narrow channel to the wider channel. A powered pushing device applies force to the containers of the single file, to advance said containers inwardly into the oven, toward the blind end of the channel. The oven has means which provides heat to raise the temperature and expel moisture.

Abstract: A hair drier having a casing provided at its end with a discharge port through which hot air is discharged, a heating bar provided at the center of the discharge port and extending forwardly from the casing, and a hair setting member provided with a deep insertion hole for receiving the heating bar.

Abstract: Through a confined chamber replete with saturated or overheated steam, a textile sheet material such as a woven cloth is continually processed, under concurrent emanation of microwaves, along a continuous course made up of a plurality of substantially concentrically arranged, substantially circular sections of different diameters, for uniform treatment over entire length and thickness. The treatment can be used as a part of a continuous textile process.

Abstract: A method and mechanism for dewatering a web in a paper making machine having press means, a first thermal dryer section having a long continuous support looped belt carrying the web along a first drying run with rolls and suction zones beneath the web and a hot air generating means for directing a flow of air onto the web in the first thermal run with the web being received substantially 40% bone dry at the beginning of the first thermal run and being delivered substantially 50% bone dry at the end of the run onto a heated drum dryer section.

Abstract: A drying system and method for removing volatile liquid from a liquid bearing web of material by evaporation includes means for moving the liquid bearing web of material through a drying station and heating means, positioned at the drying station, for applying evaporation energy to the liquid bearing web of material to effect evaporation of the volatile liquid from the web. Electrostatic means is provided for subjecting the web of material to a static electrical field at the drying station, whereby the evaporation of volatile liquid from the web is enhanced. Evaporation energy may be applied to the liquid bearing web by bringing a heated surface in contact with the web or by irradiating the web with infrared energy. Alternatively, evaporation energy may be applied to the liquid bearing web by directing heated air against the web.

Abstract: An improved, fuel efficient crop drying system and method is disclosed which makes use of the waste heat from a primary rotary drum dryer in order to predry the crop in a two-pass, indirect heat exchange dryer. The predryer and primary dryer are coupled in a pneumatic (negative pressure) conduit loop so that crop is conveyed in serial order through the dryers. The predryer includes respective, adjacent, two-pass air and crop paths disposed within a tubular shell, and the entire predryer is axially rotated during operation thereof. The ultimate volumetric air discharge from the system is significantly reduced as compared with conventional rotary dryers, and the saturated wet scrubbing which occurs in the predryer displaces a high percentage of particulate matter from the gaseous discharge to the water discharge, thereby reducing atmospheric pollution.

Abstract: Apparatus for practicing the process of the present invention includes a flashing section which emits high-velocity, hot air onto the substrate, and a drying and curing section disposed downstream of the flashing section which emits high-velocity, hot air and radiant energy onto the substrate. The flashing and drying/curing sections are fluidically connected to an exhaust duct disposed upstream of the flashing section whereby the spent hot air, and entrained volatiles, are exhausted and recirculated for subsequent flashing and drying/curing process steps. The flashing section comprises air knives having their exhaust directions inclined in the upstream direction toward the exhaust duct, and fresh ambient air may also enter the exhaust stream from a downstream position so as to alter the percentage of volatiles within the recirculated air stream.

Abstract: Apparatus for high-efficiency drying of material includes a vacuum drying chamber (40) maintained at a low pressure by a vacuum pump (56). Material to be dried is introduced to the drying chamber through an air lock valve (36) and is transported through the drying chamber by an auger (45). In the preferred embodiment a second interconnected drying chamber (50) includes a further auger (52), and material that has been dried is removed from the drying chamber by another air lock valve (55). Microwave energy sources (30) apply energy to vaporize liquid from the material, and air inlets (72, 73) are provided at the processed ends to introduce air for sweeping generally across the material to the outlet (55) to the vacuum pump. The sweep of cool air causes an aerosol mixture to form, which is removed by the vacuum pump.

Abstract: An apparatus for the drying of a slurry being conveyed on a movable support including a steam producing arrangement below the movable support forming a steam atmosphere. A film of condensed vapor is produced above the slurry caused by heat transfer through the movable support, and an air drying arrangement is adapted to propel a stream of air across the slurry surface so as to entrain the vapor therein and to remove it from the slurry.

Abstract: Textile material to be dried is mounted in an apparatus on a plurality of supports (1). The supports are moved along a predetermined path, and suction and radio frequency energy are applied to the material, to dry it.A pump (10a) which can pump both liquid and vapor draws air through the material to remove water. A valve (12) is associated with the suction duct (2) leading to each support, and these valves are adjusted as the supports move along the path, so that a maximum amount of suction is applied to the wet material and a lesser amount of suction to the drier material.

Abstract: For improved treatment of textile material after scouring or dyeing by application of microwaves, a preparatory heating chamber replete with steam is arranged for passage of the textile material substantially in a sheet form, and, is accompanied with a downstream microwave irradiation chamber of a confined construction replete with steam in which microwaves are applied to the textile material in the form of a rotating roll. Ideal aftertreatment can be carried out uniformly throughout the textile material at high thermal efficiency without any leakage of microwaves and steam.

Abstract: A method of drying green ceramic articles with a hot air stream in a drier, wherein the green articles, immediately or soon after entering the drier, are heated to 100.degree. C. while the moisture content thereof is maintained equal to that of the green articles at the beginning of heating step.

Abstract: A dryer for removing vaporous substances from products in which the product sequentially passes beneath an array of ventilating nozzles and an array of infrared heaters. The dryer includes a generally rectangular frame forming a central drying zone having an infeed end and an outfeed end. The array of ventilating nozzles is positioned at the infeed end of the drying zone in order to quickly remove surface moisture from the product. The downstream array of infrared heaters removes residual surface moisture and moisture beneath the surface of the product. The ends of the heaters project into a pair of inlet ducts extending along opposite sides of the frame so that the ends of the heaters are cooled by air flowing through the ducts. Air flows through the ducts from an inlet near the outfeed end of drying zone to a blower manifold where the air is mixed with recirculated gases from the ventilating nozzles and air entering the infeed end of the drying zone before being conveyed to the blower.

Abstract: Support of a paper web in a high-frequency drier is disclosed. The web is supported by flowing gases without contacting and at a defined distance from the stray field electrodes. The blowing or gas directing devices for the hot gases are provided in the form of nozzle chests which are disposed in or at the stray field electrodes.

Abstract: Apparatus for drying webs of photographic paper has a drying unit which has an inlet for admission of wet webs. Such webs advance along discrete paths having V-shaped portions and are dried by hot air which is circulated by blowers. The temperature of air is maintained at a constant value by a control system which adjusts one or more air heaters in the drying unit. The latter has a portion which is adjacent to and is located at a level below the inlet and wherein the moisture content of air is higher than in other parts of the drying unit. Such moisture content is measured and the signals denoting the measured moisture content are used to control the operation of a device which withdraws moisture-laden air from the aforementioned portion of the drying unit. The withdrawn air is replaced with relatively dry atmospheric air entering the drying unit via outlet opening for the webs.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for drying the sizing of spun glass filaments by high frequency heating during the winding operation. To promote drying, the electrodes next to the roll are enclosed by housings into which hot air is blown.

Abstract: Printing material, particularly textile material, imprinted with solvent- or water-based heat curable printing ink, or with a plastisol ink, is dried and the ink cured by first subjecting the imprinted stock to high velocity jets of temperature-controlled heated air until the solvent or water is substantially removed therefrom, and then, while the stock is still warm, moving the same to another position and further heating the imprinted stock by radiant heat for time sufficient to cure the ink imprint or design thereon.

Abstract: An oven for curing coatings on articles removes the volatile components of the coating by a heated circulated atmosphere directed at high velocity at the coated articles and increasing in temperature between the entrance and the exit of the articles from the oven. Prior to their exit from the oven, the coated articles are exposed to infrared radiation in relatively still air to effect the final curing of the coating. The oven enclosure includes an open portion and a ducted portion. The ducted and open portions of the oven enclosure and the heating means are arranged to contribute to the effective use of energy. Within the ducted portion is a removable fan means supported and driven from outside of the oven enclosure. The ducted portion of the oven communicates with an exhaust opening in the oven enclosure having a damper valve that can be automatically controlled to permit exhaust when the level of the volatile coating material components in the oven atmosphere exceeds a preset amount.

Abstract: This method is provided for preconditioning lumps of sugar obtained from humidified and agglomerated caster sugar, before these lumps are dried.The sugar lumps are heated, after moulding, by means of an infra-red heating. The lumps are heated for a very short, but sufficient period of time for a cloud of steam-saturated atmosphere to be constituted around each lump, this cloud forming a barrier against the infra-red radiation and avoiding the rapid drying of the lump, and for the temperature attained by this lump on entering the oven to be higher than the dew point.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed for eliminating wet streaks in fibrous sheets or webs by infra-red radiation, the method providing means for determining where, lengthwise of the dryer section such radiation should be applied, and the apparatus providing one or more units to be there incorporated and capable of control in a manner such as to enable the radiation to be applied wherever widthwise of the web the moisture content of the web is excessive.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for mixing a first relatively cool gas current and a second relatively hot gas current in a manner such that the resulting gas current has a relatively uniform temperature immediately subsequent to the point of mixing. The first gas current is separated into first and second partial gas currents, the first partial gas current being directed to a conduit which branches from the conduit in which the second partial gas current is directed. The first partial gas current is directed at a relatively high velocity into a central nozzle in fluid communication with the second gas current while the second partial gas current is directed into a ring nozzle which also is in fluid communication with the second gas current and which concentrically surrounds the central nozzle. The flow of the first gas current is regulated by throttling the second partial gas current while maintaining the flow of the first partial gas current.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and apparatus for conditioning and/or drying or otherwise treating tobacco, in which cut tobacco is treated with a liquid and/or vapour medium in a chamber in which a columnar bed of the tobacco is maintained in a fluidized state by air, which may be heated. The treatment medium may comprise water, which is introduced as a spray into the bed and/or in co-current with the fluidizing air through diffusing means at the bottom of the bed, and/or steam. The tobacco may be treated in continuous flow or batchwise.

Abstract: An apparatus for the drying of lengths of textile material impregnated with a disperse dye or synthetic resin dispersion, which includes a preparatory drying section wherein the length of textile material is conducted in a contact-free manner and is subjected to a first drying operation and a sieve drum means for effecting a final drying treatment. The preparatory drying section includes a transverse tentering frame having a traveling transverse tentering means and is arranged upstream of the sieve drum means. This transverse tentering means is guided through a drying unit for effecting the preparatory drying operation.

Abstract: Drying apparatus and process are shown featuring a fresh gas flow warmed for obtaining a low temperature rise in comparatively large volume by solar heat collection, then further heated and passed into drying relationship with the material to be dried.

Abstract: A semiconductor wafer is cleansed of loose foreign surface matter and chemical impurities near the surface in an apparatus which passes superheated steam over the wafer. Condensate is permitted to form and drip off the wafer. After rising above 100.degree. C the wafer becomes dry, and is removed from the apparatus and then permitted to cool.

Abstract: In an electrostatic copier of the type which utilizes a liquid developer for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on a copy sheet as a result of which the copy sheet becomes wet, there is provided improved apparatus for drying the wet copy sheet. The drying apparatus includes a movable belt, made of a strip of imperforate heat conductive material, for transporting the wet copy sheet in a predetermined path of travel through the drying station of the copier. The drying apparatus also includes a cover for deflecting air which is normally utilized for drying purposes, away from a portion of the belt so as to form first and second drying regions in the path of travel of the wet copy sheet. The drying apparatus additionally includes means for heating the moving belt at the first drying region, for urging liquid developer carried by the wet copy sheet towards the surface of the same which is disposed out of contact with the moving belt.