Abstract: A technique for steering a directional antenna such as may be used in a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) device. The technique detects signal parameters during reception of short sync pulses in the very beginning portion of a Packet Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) frame. As a result, the antenna can be steered to an optimum direction for reception prior to receiving other portions of a preamble that may be needed to acquire carrier signal phase and frequency.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments relate to a system and method for providing user specific beams in a fixed beam network, the fixed beam network comprising a plurality of fixed beams, each of the plurality of fixed beams being defined by a plurality of fixed beam correlation coefficients. The system may comprise a device that computes reception correlation data for a received signal, and a beamformer that is adapted to determine transmission weighting coefficients to be applied to a return signal based on the difference between the reception correlation data and the fixed beam weighting coefficients associated with at least one of the plurality of fixed beams.

Abstract: A radio receiver is provided with a beam-width-variable antenna that receives a radio signal and is capable of changing the beam-width; an interference canceler for removing interference waves from the received radio signal and outputting an interference-wave-removed signal; a measuring device for measuring reception quality of the received signal based on the interference-wave-removed signal; and a beam-width controller for controlling the beam-width of the beam-width-variable antenna based on the reception quality from the measuring device.

Abstract: An adaptive antenna used in a receive only mode with a separate omnidirectional transmit antenna. The arrangement is especially effective for small, handheld wireless devices. The transmit antenna maybe integrated with the receive array by utilizing a horizontally polarized transmit and vertically polarized receiver ray. In other embodiments, the transmit antenna may be physically separate and not integrated with the receive array. In either case there is separate receive and transmit signal port as an interface to radio transceiver equipment. The use of an adaptive antenna in the receive only direction has the potential to increase forward links capacity to levels equal to or greater than reverse link capacity. This allows for a significant increase in the overall number of users that may be active at the same time in a wireless system.

Abstract: Coverage areas for wireless networks are divided into a plurality of cells that are arranged in rows. Channel frequencies are assigned to cell sectors and associated with respective antenna axes. The antenna axes of adjacent rows are alternatingly rotated, thereby reducing co-channel interference. In an example, an available bandwidth is divided into twelve channel frequencies, so that a cell cluster includes four cells. Co-channel cells associated with half the channel frequencies are assigned to cells in the first row of cells, and the remainder are assigned to cells in the second row.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided that allows beamforming to be used on a user-specific signal together with a sector-wide pilot signal in a communication system, such as a CDMA system. In one embodiment, the invention includes a plurality of elements in a defined order to transmit spatially directed signals to specific receiving radio terminals, and a single element, substantially in the center of the ordering to transmit a single pilot signal simultaneously to a plurality of receiving radio terminals.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus, which can increase capacity in a cellular communication system or Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), such as an 802.11 network, operates in conjunction with a mobile subscriber unit or client station. At least one antenna element is active and located within multiple passive antenna elements. The passive antenna elements are coupled to selectable impedance components for phase control of re-radiated RF signals. Various techniques for determining the phase of each antenna element are supported to enable the antenna apparatus to direct an antenna beam pattern toward a base station or access point with maximum gain, and, consequently, maximum signal-to-noise ratio. By directionally receiving and transmitting signals, multipath fading is greatly reduced as well as intercell interference.

Abstract: Priority determining section 107 determines priority of each communication terminal apparatus based on the information indicating the channel quality of the downlink. Transmission destination determining section 108 estimates the direction in which each communication terminal apparatus exists from the information indicating the direction of arrival of the signal and determines the communication terminal apparatuses to which downlink high-speed packet transmission is performed based on the direction in which each communication terminal apparatus exists and priority. AAA transmission control section 154 calculates a transmission weight based on the direction of arrival of the signal sent from the communication terminal apparatus determined by transmission destination determining section 108. Then, AAA transmission control section 154 multiplies the signals sent from antenna elements 101 to 103 by transmission weights.

Abstract: This invention makes it possible to communicate through solid non-metallic walls or ceilings with low microwave power levels. RF beam forming couplers are driven by common networks. For connection to a LAN segment at the other side of a wall or ceiling, transceiver 4 transmits data modulated microwave RF to coupler 6 through a directional step attenuator 10. The reduced signal is received by the coupler system at the other side with a power level low enough to eliminate wireless detection from the outside. However, the directional step attenuator on the receive side reduces the signal power only by an insignificant amount due to its low directional losses during receive signal flow. Each coupler's geometry is minimizing the radiation exposed material volume by RF field concentration, therefore, enabling transmission through thick concrete walls at microwave frequencies without compromising privacy. When used as wireless access point, coupler transmits through a floor to wireless devices below.

Abstract: The burden of designing multiple training sequences for systems having multiple transmit antennas, is drastically reduced by employing a single sequence from which the necessary multiple sequences are developed. The single sequence is selected to create sequences that have an impulse-like autocorrelation function and zero cross correlations. A sequence of any desired length Nt can be realized for an arbitrary number of channel taps, L. The created sequences can be restricted to a standard constellation (that is used in transmitting information symbols) so that a common constellation mapper is used for both the information signals and the training sequence. In some applications a a training sequence may be selected so that it is encoded with the same encoder that is used for encoding information symbols. Both block and trellis coding is possible in embodiments that employ this approach.

Abstract: A scheme for selecting two beams in a switched beam antenna system for providing downlink communications in a downlink channel, the switched beam antenna system providing uplink reception and downlink transmission is described. The scheme involves selecting a pair of beams based on the uplink reception of the switched beam antenna system, and determining from the pair of beams a corresponding pair of orthogonal beams. The scheme also involves providing the pair of orthogonal beams as a pair of transmit beams for the downlink transmission of the switched beam antenna system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for adaptively controlling a transmission radiation pattern. Radio signals coming through a plurality of paths are received and demodulated for each path. The received level or received quality of each demodulated signal is compared to each other to select a signal with the highest level or most excellent quality. A path corresponding to a selected path is set at a path for transmission. When a plurality of signals each with an almost equal level or received quality exists in signals demodulated for each path, a history of transmission power control command (TPC) transmitted from a communication partner is referred. In other words, the reception condition in a communication partner is checked. Thereby, it is judged whether or not the currently selected path is appropriate as the path for transmission.

Abstract: Disclosed is a control apparatus capable of more effectively utilizing radio resources. Mobile stations positioned close to each other are treated as one group, and a direction and width (radiation angle) of a beam radiated from an adaptive array antenna 11 is controlled for each group so that one beam capture one group. To be concrete, a plurality of mobile stations are classified into groups by a classification section 19, and an area to which each group moves is estimated by a directivity determination section 20. The adaptive array antenna 11 is controlled by the directivity control section 15 so that one beam can cover an area in which one group is positioned and the area to which this one group moves.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method, apparatus and a computer readable media that provide an ability for a first platform and a second platform to obtain information that is descriptive of a relative location of the other. The method includes establishing an initial antenna pointing direction of the first and second platforms such that the pointing directions are opposite one another, and incrementally scanning each antenna in azimuth in the same direction in synchronism with one another in a plane referenced to a common reference plane until each antenna is within the other antenna's azimuth and elevation beamwidth during a scanning increment dwell time (TDWELL). Upon completing a scan in azimuth in the plane, the method changes an elevation angle of each antenna pointing direction relative to the plane by equal and opposite amounts, and repeats the incremental scanning of each antenna in azimuth in the same direction.

Abstract: A system selects an antenna for transmitting data from a node (105-1) in an ad-hoc, multi-hop, wireless network (100). The system receives a message from another node (105-2) of the wireless network (100), the message including location data associated with the other node (105-2). The system determines an angle from the node (105-1) to the other node (105-2), based on the location data, to produce a determined angle. The system selects an antenna from a plurality of antennas for transmitting data to the other node (105-2) based on the determined angle.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus that can increase capacity in a cellular communication system. The antenna operates in conjunction with a mobile subscriber unit and provides a plurality of antenna elements, each coupled to a respective signal control component such as a phase shifter. The phase shift for each antenna element is programmed for optimum reception during, for example, an idle mode when a pilot signal is received. The antenna array creates a beam former for signals to be transmitted from the mobile subscriber unit, and a directional receiving array to more optimally detect and receive signals transmitted from the base station. By directionally receiving and transmitting signals, multipath fading is greatly reduced as well as intercell interference. The phase shifters are adjusted in a coarse and a fine mode. In the coarse mode all phase shifters are jointly incremented through several phase shift values until a signal quality metric is optimized.

Abstract: From received digital signals and a reference signal, a response vector computing unit computes a received response vector as a received response characteristic of the received signals against a transmission signal. The received response vector computed by the response vector computing unit is stored in a desired terminal response vector table. A virtual response vector for a virtual interception terminal apparatus is stored in a virtual intercepting terminal response vector table. A transmission weight vector computing unit computes a transmission weight vector necessary for weighting a transmission information signal from the received response vector and the virtual response vector, using a Wiener solution. A multiplication unit weights the transmission information signals with the respective transmission weight vectors so as to output transmission digital signals.

Abstract: A communication system transmits and receives communications within a sectorized cell between at least one primary station and at least one secondary station. The communication system includes a unit for generating and shaping a beam; an antenna for transmitting and receiving signals within said beam; and a unit for directing the beam. The shaped beam is directed at a plurality of predetermined directions; either continuously or discretely.

Abstract: The direction-of arrival estimation by means of a subspace-based algorithm such as MUSIC or ESPRIT is formed by using reduced-bandwidth signals as compared with communication signal waves. The narrower-bandwidth signals is obtained by each mobile telephone transmitting a modulated version of a lower-transmission rate test signal as well as a communication signal wave or by band-pass filtering the received communication signal waves in a base station. A direction-of-arrival estimation is formed by using a reduced number of signals for the direction-of arrival estimation. The number of direction-of-arrival estimating signals is reduced by discarding a part of the received signals, by multiplexing the received signals by the sub-array and forming a direction-of arrival estimation for each sub-array, or by using an additional array antenna having a reduced number of elements.

Abstract: An array antenna system with an electrically large array antenna comprises first and second antenna subarrays and, a combination transmission line network, which has an input for receiving an antenna line signal and outputs connected with the first and second antenna subarrays. The combination line network contains a phase shifting device for generating a phase displacement between output signals of the first output and of the second output before their feeding to the antenna subarrays; and devices are provided to compensate the phase displacement in the beam path of the antenna radiation emitted by the antenna subarrays.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of improving radio connection (170) quality in a cellular radio network and a cellular radio network. The cellular radio network comprises a vase station system (126) and subscriber terminals (150). Between the base station system (126) and the subscriber terminal (150) there is a bidirectional radio connection (170) using a directional antenna beam (304, 306). In the method, a direction of arrival (302A) of the antenna beam (304A) directed on the basis of a radio signal (304A) received uplink, transmitted by the subscriber terminal (150) is formed in the base station system (126). The base station system (126) transmits a radio signal (306) downlink to the subscriber terminal (150) in the direction of transmission (308) formed on the basis of the direction of arrival (302A). In forming the direction of transmission (308) a preknown number (L) of previously formed directions of arrival (402, 302C, 302B, 302A) are utilized.

Abstract: A microprocessor reads the information such as directions of arrival about a desired wave and an undesired wave for every terminal station and for every hopping frequency, and their receiving powers, and the like, from a desired wave/undesired wave information inputting unit. On the basis of the information items, the microprocessor calculates the weight values of a transmitting section and a receiving section for every terminal station and every hopping frequency, and stores them in a weight value table. At the time of performing radio communication, the microprocessor reads the weight values of the receiving section and the transmitting section corresponding to every terminal station and every hopping frequency from the weight value table every time the frequency is hopped, and sets them in attenuators, and phase shifters. As a result, the optimum directivity pattern is formed for every hopping frequency, and high-quality communication can be thereby achieved.

Abstract: A method for processing signals from multiple receiving/transmitting elements that define an array antenna is disclosed. The method includes measuring uplink signals from the elements of the array antenna to form a directional downlink antenna response. A first covariance matrix between pairs of uplink signals is determined for desired signal components of the measured uplink signals. A second covariance matrix is determined for noise and interference components of the measured uplink signals. An antenna processing system computes adaptive weights based on the first covariance matrix, the second covariance matrix and a loading term to in effect form a directional downlink radiation pattern. The loading term represents a balance adjustment between a first performance rating of a particular coverage area versus second performance rating of the wireless communication system.

Abstract: Principles of quantum interferometry are used to create a signal architecture (known as carrier interferometry) for wireless and waveguide electromagnetic-wave communications. Carrier interferometry provides unprecedented bandwidth efficiency and enables substantial improvements in interference rejection, power efficiency, and system versatility. The carrier interferometry architecture also enables simpler transceiver designs that facilitate digital up-conversion and down-conversion.

Abstract: A wireless communication base station consistent with certain embodiments of the present invention collects user transmissions and creates and maintains a database storing data that relates communication parameters to a geographic location. A base station receiver receives data packets containing data describing a geographic location of a mobile communication node. The base station predicts a future geographic location of the mobile communication node, and transmits communication parameters to the mobile communication node associated with the predicted future geographic location. The mobile communication node consistent with certain embodiments of the invention has a GPS positioning device that determines a geographic location of the communication node. A transceiver transmits data representing the geographic location and receives data representing communication parameters determined as a function of the data representing the geographic location.

Abstract: Method and antenna system used to point at least an antenna with respect to one or more other antennas, one of the antennas being a transmission antenna with an opening beam &thgr;e associated with a rotation speed Re, to cover an angular sector Se transmitting a signal every Tb seconds and another antenna being a reception antenna with an opening beam &thgr;r associated with a rotation speed Rr to cover an angular sector Sr, comprising at least the following steps

Abstract: Methods and systems for increasing the potential capacity of point to point communication between two sites within line of sight of each other are disclosed. Two antennas at each of the two sites are configured geometrically to approximately provide a desired value for a function of signal electrical phase differences so as to allow differentiation of transmitted signal. Capacity is thereby increased compared to a system with one antenna at each site.

Abstract: A system for mitigating the effects of interference in an unlicensed RF band for point to point data transmissions comprises a multibeam antenna locating interference with transmission to and from data transmission subscribers. A scanner determines the frequency, bandwidth and any periodicity of the interference. Separate scanners can be used for each antenna beam. Nulls are generated in the data transmission antenna pattern in the direction of the interference during periods of interference. Communications with subscribers in a direction of the interference is carried out using a different channel or is scheduled around the interference occurrences. Alternatively, such subscribers are directed to establish data transmissions with an alternate hub antenna.

Abstract: A method of tracking a signal from a moving signal source including commanding angular offsets to control an antenna to track a signal from a moving signal source taking into consideration directional changes of the signal and comparisons between actual and estimated trajectories of the moving signal source.

Abstract: A beamforming method and device for adaptive antenna arrays including several antenna elements (1.1. to 1.M) in the downlink of frequency duplex systems, wherein antenna weights (Wk(fS)) are determined for the antenna elements (1.1 to 1.M) for downlink transmission on the basis of directional information of the uplink; in detail, the antenna weights (Wk(fS)) for downlink transmission are determined on the basis of the power angle spectrum (APSk) of the uplink of the individual users (B1 to BK), wherein the power angle spectrum (APSk) is modified by masking out undesired regions.

Abstract: A wireless communication system employs directive antenna arrays and knowledge of position of users to form narrow antenna beams to and from desired users and away from undesired users to reduce co-channel interference. By reducing co-channel interference coming from different directions, spatial filtering with antenna arrays improves the call capacity of the system. A space division multiple access (SDMA) system allocates a narrow antenna beam pattern to each user in the system so that each user has its own communication channel free from co-channel interference. The position of the users is determined using geo-location techniques. Geo-location can be derived via triangulation between cellular base stations or via a global positioning system (GPS) receiver. The system can be optimized by applying partially adaptive processing algorithms, which are seeded by geo-location data.

Abstract: In a communication device that includes an antenna array including multiple antennas, a method and apparatus is provided for determining whether to employ an antenna array beamforming technique. The communication device determines a bearing from the communication device to the communication unit and a direction of arrival for a signal received from the communication unit by the communication device via each of the multiple antennas. In addition, the communication device determines a distance from the communication device to the communication unit, and also determines multiple signal quality metrics based on multiple signals received by the communication device from the communication unit. The communication device then determines whether to employ an antenna array beamforming technique based on any one or more of the determined bearing and the determined direction of arrival, the determined distance, or the determined signal quality metrics.

Abstract: A system and related methods for beamforming in a multi-point communication environment is presented. According to one aspect of the invention, a method comprising identifying one or more spatial signature attributes associated with each of a plurality of targets in a wireless communication system, and assigning one or more of the plurality of targets into a cluster based, at least in part, on the identified one or more spatial signature attributes, wherein the target(s) populating a cluster will each share wireless communication channel(s).

Abstract: An antenna apparatus which can increase capacity in a cellular communication system. The antenna operates in conjunction with a mobile subscriber unit and provides a plurality of antenna elements, each coupled to a respective programmable phase shifter. The phase of each antenna element is programmed for optimum reception during, for example, an idle mode which receives a pilot signal. The antenna array creates a beamformer for signals to be transmitted from the mobile subscriber unit, and a directional receiving array to more optimally detect and receive signals transmitted from the base station. By directionally receiving and transmitting signals, multipath fading is greatly reduced as well as intercell interference. Various techniques for determining the proper phase of each antenna element are accommodated.

Abstract: A wireless communication system employs directive antenna arrays and knowledge of position of users to form narrow antenna beams to and from desired users and away from undesired users to reduce co-channel interference. By reducing co-channel interference coming from different directions, spatial filtering with antenna arrays improves the call capacity of the system. A space division multiple access (SDMA) system allocates a narrow antenna beam pattern to each user in the system so that each user has its own communication channel free from co-channel interference. The position of the users is determined using geo-location techniques. Geo-location can be derived via triangulation between cellular base stations or via a global positioning system (GPS) receiver.

Abstract: An antenna includes a lower plate assembly having at least one antenna port and including a beamformer which provides a uniform excitation on the first surface of the lower plate assembly in response to a signal fed to the at least one antenna port and an upper plate having a radiating aperture, the upper plate movably disposed on the first surface of the lower plate assembly to couple energy from the beamformer in the lower plate assembly to a plurality of radiating elements, wherein the position of the upper plate relative to the lower plate determines a scan angle of the antenna.

Abstract: A receiving device and method for operating a communication system are provided. The receiving device receives at least one Doppler channel estimate for at least one transmitter and a spatial covariance matrix of a corrupting environment. The Doppler channel estimates are used to create a Null Doppler spatial covariance matrix. A total Doppler spatial covariance matrix is created as a sum of the spatial covariance matrix of the corrupting environment, plus the Doppler spatial covariance matrix. A combining weight for at least one transmitter and at least one Doppler channel is created from the total Doppler spatial covariance and the at least one Doppler channel for the at least one transmitter.

Abstract: A method for accurately tracking and communicating with a satellite from a mobile platform, wherein the satellite has an antenna which performs both transmit and receive functions from a single antenna aperture. The method involves using an inertial reference unit (IRU) of the mobile platform to initially acquire the signal from the satellite. A sequential lobing process is then used to more accurately center the antenna aperture relative to the receive beam from the satellite. The antenna is then used to transmit data or other information, and the antenna pointing is maintained by an additional IRU local to the antenna with higher accuracy and lower latency than the IRU of the mobile platform. Periodically, transmissions from the antenna are inhibited and the sequential lobing process is repeated to eliminate for any inertial reference drift error.

Abstract: A system for directing an antenna for transmission over a two-way satellite network is disclosed. A transceiver is coupled to the antenna; the transceiver transmits and receives signals over the two-way satellite network. A user terminal is coupled to the transceiver and executes an antenna pointing program. The program instructs a user to initially point the antenna to a beacon satellite using predefined pointing values based upon the location of the antenna. The program receives new antenna pointing parameters that are downloaded from a hub over a temporary channel that is established via the beacon satellite. The program displays the new antenna pointing parameters and instructs the user to selectively re-point the antenna based upon the downloaded new antenna pointing parameters.

Abstract: The present invention is a technique of estimating the time and frequency response of at least one desired signal received by at least one antenna. The invention is an update formula for the time-invariant channel responses for multiple transmitting devices, called “Doppler channels”, that model the time-varying channel between each of the transmitting devices and each receiving device. Through use of the update formula, the time-varying channels of the multiple transmitting devices can be better tracked than with prior inventions.

Abstract: A transmission system delays an analog carrier wave and modulates the analog carrier wave with program audio. The system includes a master oscillator that generates an analog carrier wave. The analog carrier wave is transmitted to a delay stage that delays the analog carrier wave by a certain delay amount. The delay stage may be programmable to adjust the delay amount. The system further receives an analog signal that is representative of programming. A modulator modulates the analog carrier wave with the analog audio and sends the amplitude modulated carrier wave to a power amplifier. After power amplification, the amplitude modulated carrier wave is broadcast by a conventional antenna.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of improving the quality of a radio connection (170) in a cellular radio network. Relevant for the invention, the cellular radio network includes a base station system (126) and a subscriber terminal (150). A bidirectional radio connection (170) using a directional antenna beam (304) is provided between the base station system (126) and the subscriber terminal (150). In the method, in the base station system (126) an angle of incidence (302) of the directional antenna beam (304) is formed on the basis of a received radio signal (170A) transmitted by the subscriber terminal (150). The base station system (126) transmits a radio signal (170B) to the subscriber terminal (150) in the direction of an angle of departure (308) formed on the basis of the angle of incidence (302). In accordance with the invention, a ratio is formed for the imbalance between the downlink and uplink traffics.

Abstract: A system for directing a receiving lobe of an adaptive antenna array toward an aircraft in flight includes an aircraft position vector calculator and an antenna weight vector generator. The aircraft position vector calculator receives aircraft position information from an aircraft tracking service and calculates, based upon the aircraft position information it receives, an aircraft position vector g. An antenna weight vector generator receives the aircraft position vector g from the aircraft position vector calculator and generates, based upon the aircraft position vector g, an antenna element weight vector w. The antenna weight vector w is applied to the elements of an adaptive antenna array to direct a receiving lobe of the array towards an aircraft in flight.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an antenna beam pattern is used to send a communication signal to a user. For example, the antenna beam pattern can be formed using adaptive antenna array technology on the forward link of a wireless communication system. A control signal from the user is used to determine a statistic. For example, the control signal can be a power control bit sent by the user on the return link. The statistic can be an average of the power control bit values over a specified time interval. The statistic is used to narrow the antenna beam pattern and direct it toward the user. For example, a dithering algorithm can be used to optimize the antenna beam pattern. After a call is completed, an optimized antenna beam pattern specific to each user can be stored for the next call to make the optimizing process faster and more efficient.

Abstract: A system and method have been developed wherein a cylindrical antenna array is configured and reconfigured in a wireless communication network. Position and signal information are continuously received from wireless mobile units and are used to determine reconfigurations of antenna components of the cylindrical antenna array to enhance performance of the system. As such, base station antennas are dynamically configured to minimize such things as interference and dropped calls, and to maximize their voice quality both within a cell, and among neighboring cells.

Abstract: A radio communication system comprises a communication channel between a transmitter (108) having a plurality of antennas (110) and a receiver (114) having at least one antenna (110). In such a system the communication channel comprises a plurality of paths (112) having a range of characteristics. Data for transmission is generated by one or more applications (102) and has one or more categories assigned to it, for example by the addition of tags by a tagging block (204) indicating its importance or other requirements. Depending on the assigned categories and the characteristics of the paths (112), the data is mapped to one or more of the transmitter's antennas (110) to select a suitable transmission path (112).

Abstract: An antenna apparatus for increasing the capacity in a cellular communication system. The antenna operates in conjunction with a mobile subscriber unit and provides a plurality of antenna elements, each coupled to a respective signal control component to provide a weight to the signal transmitted from each element. The weight for each antenna element is adjusted to achieve optimum reception during, for example, an idle mode when a pilot signal is received. The weight values cause the antenna array to create a beam former for signals to be transmitted from the mobile subscriber unit, and a directional receiving array to more optimally detect and receive signals transmitted from the base station. By directionally receiving and transmitting signals, multipath fading and intercell interference are greatly reduced. The weights are adjusted at the transmitting site in accord with signal quality metric information determined at the receiving site.

Abstract: Methods and systems for increasing the potential capacity of point to point communication between two sites within line of sight of each other are disclosed. Two antennas at each of the two sites are configured geometrically to approximately provide a desired value for a function of signal electrical phase differences so as to allow differentiation of transmitted signals. Capacity is thereby increased compared to a system with one antenna at each site.

Abstract: A method of directional radio communication between a first station and a second station comprises the steps of determining from at least one signal received at the first station from the second station which of a plurality of different radio environment types is present between said first and second stations. A signal is transmitted from the first station to the second station with at least one parameter of said transmitted signal being dependent on the determined radio environment type.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus which can increase capacity in a cellular communication system. The antenna operates in conjunction with a mobile subscriber unit and provides a plurality of antenna elements, each coupled to a respective programmable phase shifter. The phase of each antenna element is programmed for optimum reception during, for example, an idle mode which receives a pilot signal. The antenna array creates a beamformer for signals to be transmitted from the mobile subscriber unit, and a directional receiving array to more optimally detect and receive signals transmitted from the base station. By directionally receiving and transmitting signals, multipath fading is greatly reduced as well as intercell interference. Various techniques for determining the proper phase of each antenna element are accommodated.