Abstract: A plurality of distributed transceivers in a mobile entity such as a car, a truck, an omnibus (bus), a trailer, a mobile home, train, bus, a forklift, construction equipment, a boat, a ship, and/or an aircraft, and/or one or more corresponding antenna arrays that are communicatively coupled to the distributed transceivers are configured to handle communication of one or more data streams among one or more of a plurality of wireless communication networks, one or more other mobile entities and/or one or more mobile communication devices. The data streams may be communicated utilizing the configured one or more of the plurality of distributed transceivers and/or the one or more corresponding antenna arrays. The wireless communication networks includes a satellite network, a wireless wide area network, a wireless medium area network, a wireless local area network, a wireless personal area network, a network cloud and/or the Internet.

Abstract: A first array of speaker elements is disposed in a cylindrical configuration about an axis and configured to play back audio at a first range of frequencies. A second array of speaker elements is disposed in a cylindrical configuration about the axis and configured to play back audio at a second range of frequencies. A digital signal processor generates a first plurality of output channels from an input channel for the first frequencies, applies the output channels to the first array of speaker elements using a first rotation matrix to generate a first beam of audio content at a target angle about the axis, generates a second plurality of output channels from the input channel for the second frequencies, and applies the second output channels to the second array of speaker elements using a second rotation matrix to generate a second beam of audio content at the target angle.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an antenna, in particular a mobile communication antenna, especially for a mobile communication base station, the antenna comprising an antenna control unit, a plurality of radiators and a plurality of functional elements, wherein the antenna control unit has a configuration function which can be accessed via an external control unit, wherein at least one functional element is deactivable and/or activable via the configuration function.

Abstract: An example method comprising: activating a first radio of a wireless access point to communicate with a first set of client devices by transceiving signals on channels within a first frequency band; activating a second radio of the wireless access point to communicate with a second set of client devices by transceiving signals on channels within a second frequency band; receiving a command from a network controller to change frequency bands of the wireless access point; toggling the first radio from a first antenna circuit to a second antenna circuit to connect the first radio to an antenna such that the first radio is capable of transceiving signals on channels within a first sub-band of the first frequency band; and configuring the second radio to transceive signals on channels within a second sub-band of the first frequency band.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a phased array antenna (10) with an electronically variable antenna pattern, wherein control signals for at least two phased antenna elements (13) are processed for a broadcast transmission and are broadcast to the phased antenna elements (13) via a wireless medium or using feed lines for useful signal components of the phased antenna elements in a frequency band differing from the frequency band of the useful signal components. As a result of using the broadcast transmission in a different frequency band, there is no need for any additional signals or lines for the array antenna, and the complexity of the array antenna can be reduced and the flexibility and reconfigurability can be improved.

Abstract: An electronic-scanning antenna composed of radiating elements each forming an active channel in which the signals arising from the channels are grouped together to form deviometry signals, each deviometry signal forming a deviometry channel, and are grouped together according to sectors to form a sector-based signal forming a sector channel, a computation-based beam being formed on the basis of the signals arising from each of the sectors, the method comprises the following steps: measuring the response to a calibration signal of each active channel at one and the same time on the sum deviometry channel and on the sector channel to which it belongs, the responses on the sum channel to obtain the calibration of the sum channel; computing, for each active channel, the disparity between the mean of the responses measured on the sum channel and the mean of the responses measured on the sector to which it belongs; in the operational phase, forming the beam by computation on the basis of the measurements of the sig

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method for a receive function in a phased array including an M by N array of antenna elements, where M and N are the number of rows and columns, respectively, in the array of antenna elements. Each antenna element is provided with a combiner. The phased array apparatus and system includes M row beam-formers plus N column beam-formers. The row beam-formers supply a progressively phase-shifted carrier signal to the combiners where the signal received by the corresponding antenna element is combined with a phase-shifted carrier signal. The outputs of the combiners in each column of antenna elements is sent to a corresponding column beam-former. The outputs of the column beam-formers are combined to recover the signal that is desired to be received.

Abstract: A communications apparatus comprising a power amplifier configured to amplify a signal for transmission, a switch coupled to an output of the power amplifier, an omnidirectional antenna coupled to a first output of the switch, an antenna array coupled to a second output of the switch, the antenna array comprising a plurality of antennas configured to form the signal into a beam of transmitted signals, the beam having a directional bias with respect to a location of the communications apparatus, and a controller. The controller is configured to control the switch to switch a between a first mode of operation of the communications apparatus in which the signal for transmission from the output of the power amplifier is fed to the omnidirectional antenna, and a second mode of operation of the communications apparatus in which the signal from the output of the power amplifier is fed to the antenna array.

Abstract: A method of controlling wireless communication performance in an electronic device includes accessing data containing material properties relating to a plurality of materials, transmitting a first test signal on a first transmission channel with a first antenna at a first location in the electronic device, receiving the first test signal on the first transmission channel with a second antenna at a second location in the electronic device, determining a housing material of the electronic device based on a measured attenuation of the first test signal received by the second antenna based upon the data containing transmission properties relating to a plurality of materials, and adjusting a transmission power of one of the first antenna and the second antenna based upon the material properties of the housing material.

Abstract: A device that implements hybrid beamforming may include at least one processor configured to determine a first beam setting based on a first set of criteria associated with a first user device. The at least one processor may be configured to form a first beam based on the first beam setting using at least one digital beamforming circuit and at least one radio frequency (RF) beamforming circuit. The at least one processor may be configured to transmit, via first antenna elements, the first beam to the first user device.

Abstract: A method for controlling a first sensor configured to sense an environment through which a vehicle is moving includes receiving sensor data generated by one or more sensors of the vehicle as the vehicle moves through the environment, identifying, by one or more processors and based on at least a portion of the received sensor data, one or more road portions along which the vehicle is expected to travel, and determining, by one or more processors, a configuration of the identified road portions, at least in part by determining a slope of at least one of the identified road portions. The method also includes determining, by one or more processors analyzing at least the determined configuration, an elevation of a field of regard of the first sensor that satisfies one or more visibility criteria, and causing the first sensor to be adjusted in accordance with the determined elevation.

Abstract: A backhaul radio is disclosed that operates in multipath propagation environments such as obstructed LOS conditions with uncoordinated interference sources in the same operating band. Such a backhaul radio may use a combination of interference mitigation procedures across multiple of the frequency, time, spatial and cancellation domains. Such backhaul radios may communicate with each other to coordinate radio resource allocations such that accurate interference assessment and channel propagation characteristics assessment may be determined during normal operation.

Abstract: A radar antenna system comprises a plurality of transmitting sub-arrays; a plurality of receiving sub-arrays; and a transceiving control unit coupled to the plurality of transmitting sub-arrays and the plurality of receiving sub-arrays, configured to control the plurality of transmitting sub-arrays and the plurality of receiving sub-arrays, such that the radar antenna system selectively operates in one of an amplitude-comparison mono-pulse mode and a phase-comparison mono-pulse mode.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to fiber actuators for providing haptic feedback, and haptic actuation resulting from mechanical and/or electrostatic (non-mechanical) interactions with the fiber actuators. Such fiber actuators are useful in structural materials, including as elements of wearables or accessories.

Abstract: An antenna switching system is provided. The system includes a radio frequency (RF) circuit for transmitting and receiving signals, a first antenna, a second antenna, a first switch, a first switch assembly, a second switch assembly, and a power divider. The first switch electrically connected to the RF circuit. The first switch assembly electrically connected between the first switch and the first antenna. The second switch assembly electrically connected between the first switch and the second antenna. The power divider electrically connected between the first switch and the first switch assembly and between the first switch and the second switch assembly. When the first switch is switched to the power divider, the signals are transmitted by the first antenna and the second antenna.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for improving uplink coverage in a wireless communication network. A first correlated array and a second correlate array each comprise a plurality of antenna elements. Each correlated array has an inter-element spacing of one wavelength of a signal for which the array is configured to receive. The first and second correlated arrays are interleaved such that one-half of a wavelength of a signal for which at least one of the correlated arrays is configured to receive separates adjacent elements of the first and second correlated arrays. Signals received by each correlated array are combined using statistical signal processing techniques to create combined signals that may be provided to the wireless communication network. Combining uplink signals from at least two interleaved uncorrelated arrays may increase the effective spacing of each array without sacrificing base station space or throughput.

Abstract: The present invention provides a phase shifter assembly for an array antenna, comprising: a first level phase shifter, wherein the first level phase shifter is configured to control the phases of a plurality of sub-arrays of the array antenna, where each sub-array comprises one or more radiating elements; a second level phase shifter, wherein the second level phase shifter is configured to proportionally change the phases of the radiating elements in the corresponding sub-arrays; and a power divider, wherein the power divider is connected between the first level phase shifter and the second level phase shifter. The phase shifter assembly has the advantages of both a distributed phase shifter network and a lumped phase shifter network. Specifically, the phase shifter assemblies can independently control the phases of the radiating elements in the array to obtain better sidelobe suppression.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an antenna tuning system and method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: choosing a parasitic antenna that combined with a main antenna, the strongest received signal strength indicator of a target station is detected; controlling the selected parasitic antenna that combined with a main antenna, to generate a scattering resonance through turning on or off a switch unit; and controlling a diffraction radiation pattern between the main antenna and the selected parasitic antenna through adjusting a load of a designed circuit.

Abstract: A radar device includes: a transmission beam controller that selects, every first period, a transmission beam set used for transmission of a radar signal from among a plurality of transmission beam sets each including at least two transmission beam directions; and a radar transmitter that transmits the radar signal in a predetermined transmission period by using the selected transmission beam set, wherein the transmission beam controller switching, every second period within the first period, among the at least two transmission beam directions included in the transmission beam set.

Abstract: Systems and methods for multi-robot gradient-based adaptive navigation are provided.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing configured and/or dynamically adjustable coverage in wireless communications networks is disclosed. A broadcast cell may include one or more antennas used to provide one or more sectors of coverage in the network. Each antenna may include at least one radio and at least one corresponding signal transmitting and receiving component that is in communication with the radio, allowing a signal generated by the radio to be broadcast by the signal transmitting and receiving component to form at least a portion of a sector of coverage provided by the antenna. Additionally, the signal generated by the radio may be modifiable, allowing the beam of coverage emitted by the signal transmitting and receiving component to be adjusted (e.g., in any one of an x, y, and/or z-plane) for a particular operating environment.

Abstract: A system and a method for synchronization and link acquisition in cellular wireless systems with directional antennas are disclosed. In an embodiment a method for wireless communication includes synchronizing, by a first network controller, transmission of a first synchronization signal with transmission of a second synchronization signal from another network controller.

Abstract: An electrically scanned TACAN antenna is provided. To elaborate, the electrically scanned TACAN antenna includes a reflection plate; a monopole antenna provided on an upper surface of the reflection plate and configured to omnidirectionally radiate a signal; multiple parasitic radiators arranged around the monopole antenna and configured to operate as reflectors that reflect the signal or directors that direct the signal; and a controller configured to control parasitic radiators operating as the reflectors to operate as the directors and some parasitic radiators among parasitic radiators operating as the directors to operate as the reflectors at every predetermined timing and controls an order to be the some parasitic radiators to be changed according to a preset sequence.

Abstract: A transmit (TX) signal path circuit in a multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) transceiver responsive to a digital front end (DFE) for generating receive (RX) path phase alignment signals is disclosed. A digital up-conversion block uses a first numerically-controlled oscillator (NCO) for generating digital intermediate frequency (IF) signals for ordinary TX signal generation, and a different, second NCO for generating digital IF signals for RX phase alignment signal generation. An RF up-conversion block uses a TX local oscillator (LO) for generating analog RF signals for ordinary TX signal generation, and a different feedback (FB) LO for generating analog RF signals for RX phase alignment signal generation. Thus, phase alignment of the circuitry used for ordinary TX signal generation is left undisturbed by RX phase alignment signal generation.

Abstract: A system includes a phased array antenna that is used to emulate antennas that have larger solid angle coverage and lower gain compared to a single beam of the phased array antenna. This is achieved by switching between beams of the phased array antenna while receiving a wireless communication signal and summing representations of signal energy received using the different beams. The system can be used to narrow down the angular coordinates of a transmitting satellite by emulating antenna patterns that cover portions of a search space. The system can also be used to determine a channel discriminator (e.g., frequency, code, time slot) that defines a signal being transmitted.

Abstract: Systems and methods for transmitting and receiving radio waves includes a parabolic dish, a focal plane antenna array configuration antenna elements arranged in a circular array configuration with array elements positioned along circumference of rings with a distance between each element and coupled a focal disc positioned along a focal plane of the parabolic dish. The array is configured to transmit and receive radio beam patterns with one or more Orbital Angular Momentum states ‘l’ via a transceiver feed assembly. The transceiver includes a transmitter adapted to alter excitation phase of the radio beams of successive elements and generate helical wave fronts in the far-field, and a receiver to enhance the received wave fronts. A total field received by the array configuration is then calculated by a superposition of the fields received by each of the elements.

Abstract: A radio frequency antenna uses an array of spherical lens and mechanically movable radio frequency (RF) elements along the surface of the spherical lens to provide cellular coverage for a narrow geographical area. The antenna includes at least two spherical lenses, where each spherical lens has an associated element assembly. Each element assembly has a track that curves along the contour of the exterior surface of the spherical lens and along which a radio frequency (RF) element can move. The antenna also includes a phase shifter configured to adjust a phase of the signals produced by the RF elements. The antenna includes a control mechanism configured to enable a user to move the RF elements along their respective tracks, and automatically configure the phase shifter to modify a phase of the output signals from the elements based on the relative positions between the RF elements.

Abstract: A device containing a radio-frequency (RF) liquid crystal (RFLC) mixture with improved performance is disclosed. In one embodiment, the improved performance includes high RF tuning, broad thermal operating ranges and low viscosity. In one embodiment, the device comprises an antenna comprising: an antenna element array having a plurality of antenna elements and each antenna element having a liquid crystal (LC) structure, wherein the LC structure comprises a mixture of one or more of the following: laterally functionalized with one or more of at least a proton, a hydrogen (H), or a heteroatom.

Abstract: An antenna structure includes a first radiation arm, a second radiation arm, a feed end, and a ground end. The second radiation arm is perpendicularly connected to the first radiation arm. The first radiation arm and the second radiation arm jointly form a junction, both the feed end and the ground end are positioned adjacent to the junction.

Abstract: A multiport distribution network is provided that supports N inputs and N outputs, where N>1, the multipart distribution network providing an independent distribution path extending from each input to each output, each path being formed from a sequence of at least two fundamental units. Each fundamental unit comprises a circuit formed of multiple resonator cavities and having n input ports for receiving respective input signals, and n output ports for outputting respective output signals, where n>1, and wherein the circuit is configured to: (i) at each input port, split an input signal received at that input port into n equal signal components and provide each of the n signal components to a respective output port of the circuit; and (ii) at each output port, combine the signal components received from the n input ports to form an output signal for that output port. The multipart distribution network is configured to apply the same filter transfer function along each independent distribution path.

Abstract: An antenna system includes a signal source, a plurality of switch elements, a plurality of transmission lines, a plurality of antenna elements, and a plurality of reflectors. The signal source is coupled to a feeding point. The switch elements are selectively closed or opened individually. Each of the antenna elements is coupled through one of the switch elements and one of the transmission lines to the feeding point. Each of the reflectors is configured to reflect an electromagnetic wave from one of the antenna elements.

Abstract: The embodiments relate to a device for positioning an examination object when using an imaging system. The device includes a positioning device for the purpose of positioning the examination object for data capture by the imaging system, and at least one sensor fixed to the positioning device. The at least one sensor is configured to capture a movement of the examination object relative to the positioning device. The device is configured to provide the movement to the imaging system.

Abstract: Antenna modules and systems, and applications and methods of manufacturing thereof, are described herein. An example radio frequency (RF) signal transmitter includes a data signal port to receive a baseband data signal; a carrier signal port to receive an initial carrier signal; and an antenna module coupled to the signal ports. The antenna module includes: a substrate with a front face that has a phased array of active antenna elements that includes at least two columns of the active antenna elements; and a rear face that has, for each column, a RF signal launcher to receive a RF data signal for the column; and a transmitting module mounted to the rear face. The transmitting module has, for each column of active antenna elements: a combiner to form the RF data signal; and a RF signal port to transmit the RF data signal to the RF signal launcher.

Abstract: A method in a Serving Access Node (SAN) for coordinating with a number of other SANs within a terminal device-specific serving cluster to which the SAN belongs. The method comprises determining an assignment of a communication direction to a timeslot. The assignment of the communication direction to the timeslot is common to all SANs in the serving cluster. The method further comprises transmitting or receiving at least one test beam in the communication direction during the timeslot. Correspondingly, a SAN is disclosed in which the method is implemented.

Abstract: The present invention is applicable to the field of mobile terminals and provides an antenna switching system and method. The antenna switching system includes a radio-frequency transceiver circuit, a primary antenna, and a parasitic antenna, where the primary antenna is connected to the radio-frequency transceiver circuit, and further includes a switch circuit, configured to connect, when the parasitic antenna is used to receive or send a radio-frequency signal, the parasitic antenna and the radio-frequency transceiver circuit. If the parasitic antenna is grounded, the parasitic antenna may be configured to spread a spectrum. In addition, when carrier aggregation is needed, the parasitic antenna is connected to the radio-frequency transceiver circuit, so as to become an independent receive or transmit antenna.

Abstract: A system includes a processor and a phased array, coupled to the processor, having an arrayed waveguide for acoustic waves to enable directional sound communication.

Abstract: A receiving device and method using a single RF chain includes a reception antenna module radiating a plurality of orthogonal beam patterns to receive a signal, a single RF chain processing a reception signal from the reception antenna module, a signal component extracting unit extracting a reception signal component corresponding to each beam pattern using the reception signal received through the reception antenna module and the single RF chain and a code value previously allocated to the plurality of beam patterns, and a beam pattern controller controlling a beam pattern radiated by the reception antenna module.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, there is provided a plurality of spiral antenna elements that are generated using algorithms taught herein that can be implemented in hardware or software. Embodiments utilize symmetric combinations of 2 or 3 such spiral elements on a substrate or within computer memory to create an array. Each of the antenna elements is in the form of expanding spiral (non-logarithmically expanding) and contains at least six turns. Among the suitable spirals are Fermat, and/or Cornu (Euler) and/or Archimedes and/or other non-logarithmically expanding spirals in any combination. As an article of manufacture, the antenna array may be incorporated into a chip, such as might be found in a cell phone or other CPU based product, or printed or otherwise mounted on an article of clothing, for example.

Abstract: A transmit (TX) signal path circuit in a multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) transceiver responsive to a digital front end (DFE) for generating receive (RX) path phase alignment signals is disclosed. A digital up-conversion block uses a first numerically-controlled oscillator (NCO) for generating digital intermediate frequency (IF) signals for ordinary TX signal generation, and a different, second NCO for generating digital IF signals for RX phase alignment signal generation. An RF up-conversion block uses a TX local oscillator (LO) for generating analog RF signals for ordinary TX signal generation, and a different feedback (FB) LO for generating analog RF signals for RX phase alignment signal generation. Thus, phase alignment of the circuitry used for ordinary TX signal generation is left undisturbed by RX phase alignment signal generation.

Abstract: A subscriber unit, including an antenna array and an antenna array interface coupled to the antenna array, is described. Wireless transmissions, at least two of which are based on different directional transmissions from a transmitter, are received at the antenna array. Feedback messages are generated using the antenna array interface. The feedback messages are communicated using the antenna array to adjust settings of the transmitter.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a remote electrical tilt unit, a base station, and a method for managing a remote electrical tilt antenna. The method includes: receiving, by the remote electrical tilt unit, permission configuration information sent by a first base station through a group of AISG ports of the remote control unit; configuring management permission of the first base station on the remote electrical tilt unit according to the permission configuration information, where the management permission includes at least control permission and query permission, and control permission on the remote electrical tilt unit can be allocated to only one base station. In this way, multiple base stations jointly manage a remote electrical tilt unit in a remote electrical tilt antenna, and a problem that it is difficult to locate and troubleshoot a fault when configuration of the remote electrical tilt unit is incorrect is resolved.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) link includes a link transmitter that includes a data modulator for modulating a data waveform together with an RF carrier, a photonic encoder coupled to the data modulator, and a transmitter antenna for transmitting an RF signal, wherein the RF signal comprises an output of the photonic encoder, and a link receiver including a receiver antenna for receiving the RF signal, a first laser source, a photonic limiter coupled to the first laser source and to the receiving antenna, a photonic decoder coupled to the photonic limiter, a photo-receiver coupled to the photonic decoder, and a demodulator coupled to the photo-receiver for demodulating an output of the photo-receiver with the RF carrier to form a data output.

Abstract: A reconfigurable holographic antenna and a method of shaping an antenna beam pattern of a reconfigurable holographic antenna is disclosed. A baseline holographic pattern is driven onto a reconfigurable layer of the reconfigurable holographic antenna while a feed wave excites the reconfigurable layer. An antenna pattern metric representative of a baseline antenna pattern is received. The baseline antenna pattern is generated by the reconfigurable holographic antenna while the baseline holographic pattern is driven onto the reconfigurable layer. A modified holographic pattern is generated in response to the antenna pattern metric. The modified holographic pattern is driven onto the reconfigurable layer of the reconfigurable holographic antenna to generate an improved antenna pattern.

Abstract: An accelerated superluminal polarization currents (ASPC) transceiver includes an ASPC transmitter including a plurality of ASPC radiator elements, the ASPC transmitter transmitting a radio signal that is focused in a target direction and scrambled in other directions; and a radio receiver, wherein the center of a pulse of the radio signal has a transit time tc from an end of the ASPC transmitter, at a first position ?x0, to a second position x along the ASPC transmitter given by the following equation: tc=[R2+x02+2Rx0 cos ?0]1/2?[R2+x2+2Rx cos ?0]1/2, where R is a target distance from the ASPC transmitter and ?0 is a target angle and x + x 0 t c > c .

Abstract: A method of antenna deployment determination in a wireless communication device is disclosed. The method includes transceiving a radio signal via the a first antenna port of the wireless communication device, obtaining a first strength result corresponding to the radio signal transmitted or received via the first antenna port, and determining a connecting status of the first antenna port according to the first strength result.

Abstract: A beamforming system comprising a plurality of modular beamformers is provided. The modular beamformers may be operatively coupled to each other (for example, in parallel). Each modular beamformer may comprise a plurality of signal generation units configured to generate signals. Each modular beamformer may further comprise a plurality of delaying units configured to receive the signals and adaptively delay output of the signals. Each modular beamformer may further comprise a plurality of multipliers assigned to the delaying units to generate conditioned signals by adaptively applying weights to the signals output by the plurality of delaying units. Each modular beamformer may further comprise a plurality of summers configured to combine the conditioned signals to generate a phased array output signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is an integrated circuit, system or architecture suitable for NFC functionality and including an NFC companion block connectible to a power source and capable to providing a non-continuous power boost to NFC signals, inter alia, thereby facilitating use of a broader range of antennas, multiple antennas, and thereby providing greater NFC functionality and versatility Further disclosed is a detachable antenna embedded in a potentially detachable shell which closely fits a mobile device and is adapted for use with the above mentioned integrated circuit, system or architecture.

Abstract: The multi-beam former comprises: two stages connected together and intended to synthesize beams focused along two directions in space; each stage comprises at least two multi-layer plane structures (P11, P1Ny), (P21, P2Mx), superposed one above the other; each multi-layer structure (P11, P1Ny, P21, P2Mx) comprises an internal reflector, at least two first internal sources disposed in front of the internal reflector and linked to two input/output ports (27, 26) aligned along an axis (V, V?), at least two second internal sources disposed in a focal plane of the internal reflector and linked to two second input/output ports (25, 28) aligned along an axis (U, U?) perpendicular to the axis (V, V?); the two second internal sources of the same multi-layer structure (P11) of the first stage are respectively linked to two first internal sources of two different multi-layer structures (P21), (P2Mx) of the second stage.

Abstract: Electronic devices may be provided that contain wireless communications circuitry. The wireless communications circuitry may include radio-frequency transceiver circuitry and antenna structures. An electronic device may include a display mounted within a housing. A peripheral conductive member may run around the edges of the display and housing. Dielectric-filled gaps may divide the peripheral conductive member into individual segments. A ground plane may be formed within the housing from conductive housing structures, printed circuit boards, and other conductive elements. The ground plane and the segments of the peripheral conductive member may form antennas in upper and lower portions of the housing. The radio-frequency transceiver circuitry may implement receiver diversity using both the upper and lower antennas. The lower antenna may be used in transmitting signals. The upper antenna may be tuned using a tunable matching circuit.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, there is provided a plurality of spiral antenna elements that are generated using algorithms taught herein that can be implemented in hardware or software. Embodiments utilize symmetric combinations of 2 or 3 such spiral elements on a substrate or within computer memory to create an array. Each of the antenna elements is in the form of expanding spiral (non-logarithmically expanding) and contains at least six turns. Among the suitable spirals are Fermat, and/or Cornu (Euler) and/or Archimedes and/or other non-logarithmically expanding spirals in any combination. As an article of manufacture, the antenna array may be incorporated into a chip, such as might be found in a cell phone or other CPU based product, or printed or otherwise mounted on an article of clothing, for example.