Abstract: Antenna devices, including a pair and larger arrays of radiators, wherein each pair is to be connected to a first transmission line having a first characteristic impedance Z1. Each pair includes at least first and second radiating elements (1, 2) and first and second impedance transformers (3, 4) for the first and second radiating elements. One side of each transformer is connected to the respective element. The other sides are inter-connected by a second transmission line (8) to which their impedances are matched. The second transmission line has a resistive first impedance R1 equal to twice the first characteristic impedance Z1. The first transmission line is to be connected to the second transmission line at a selected one of many possible contact points (9). The selected contact point then determines a signal phase difference between said first and second radiating elements.

Abstract: A radio frequency antenna arrangement for selective operation at orthogonal polarizations of electromagnetic radiation. The antenna arrangement comprises at least one radiating element, such as one or more antenna patches, each having a vertical polarization feed point and a horizontal polarization feed point. The arrangement also includes a vertical feeder circuit for coupling a radio frequency modulated electromagnetic signal to the vertical polarization feed point of the or each radiating element, a horizontal feeder circuit for coupling a radio frequency modulated electromagnetic signal to the horizontal polarization feed point of the or each radiating element and a terminating resistive load. A switch mechanism is provided for selectively coupling the electromagnetic signal to one of the horizontal feeder circuit or the vertical feeder circuit and for selectively coupling the load to the other of the horizontal feeder circuit or the vertical feeder circuit.

Abstract: A rectangular-prism-shaped base member is made from a dielectric material or a magnetic material. A ground electrode and a power supplying electrode are formed on one end face of the base member with a gap disposed therebetween. At least one through hole is formed between the end face and the opposing end face. A radiation electrode is formed on the inside surface of the through hole. One end of the radiation electrode is connected to the ground electrode, and the other end serves as an open end. The power supplying electrode and the radiation electrode are electromagnetically coupled through a capacitor formed at the gap.

Abstract: An antenna assembly is formed as a thin, unitary element with parallel leads laminated to an insulator. The unitary antenna element includes an integral attachment portion for connection to a printed circuit board. The antenna assembly is usable in electronic devices, such as a cordless telephone radio transceiver. A molded cover, which is directly attached to the electronic device rather than the antenna assembly, is provided to encase and protect the antenna.

Abstract: An antenna (100) has a multi-mode resonating structure (110) that includes three electromagnetically coupled resonators (112, 114, 116) carried by a dielectric substrate (120). A feed system (130, 135), electromagnetically coupled to the multi-mode resonating structure (110), excites three resonating modes that operate together to produce a pass-band. Preferably, the multi-mode resonating structure (110) is formed from a wide patch radiator (112) planarly disposed between two narrow patch radiators (114, 116). The patch radiators (112, 114, 116) are simultaneously fed.

Abstract: A microstrip antenna (300) provides improved bandwidth control by gap coupling first and second triangular patches (310, 312) over a ground plane (322). The first and second triangular patches (310, 312) are resonant at different frequencies. The use of gap-coupled triangular patches (310, 312) allows for smaller structured microstrip antennas.

Abstract: An compact antenna device which is intended for a small-size portable radio communication device and comprises a ground plane (1), a first radiating patch (2), a grounding means (3) connecting the patch and the ground plane. The patch is fed by a feeding means (6) which is situated on the same or opposite side of the ground plane or coplanar therewith and couples through a slot (5) provided in the ground plane. The disclosed antenna device may include further radiating patches in the same or higher levels as the first radiating patch. The antenna device also provides for wideband and/or multiband operation.

Abstract: A small-sized antenna device in which the conductor length can be reduced without encountering a reduction in gain. The antenna device is constructed by mounting a main antenna unit on a mounting substrate having a transmission line formed on the upper surface of the mounting substrate and also having a ground electrode formed on the back surface. One end of the transmission line is connected to a feeding terminal of the main antenna unit, and the other end of the transmission line is connected to a radio-frequency circuit of a radio communication device in which the antenna device is installed. The ground electrode is grounded.

Abstract: An improved microstrip antenna device, in particular for telephone transmissions by satellite. An antenna comprises a first dielectric layer including on one side a ground plane and on the other a first conductive patch of a chosen shape, a second dielectric lalyer surmounts the first dielectrica layer on the side adjacent to the first patch and supports, on the other side remote from the first patch, a second cnoductive patch of a chosen shape. A third dielectric layer surmounts the second. The second patch is of a size smaller than that of the first patch and this first patch is fed from below at at least one chosen point situated between its center and its circumference. Advantageously, the first patch is connected to a lead-in of the ground plane joining a feeding circuit implanted in a dielectric substrate of a three-plate structure.

Abstract: A radar module has an antenna assembly, a plurality of transmitting and receiving assemblies, and a plurality of circulators all mounted on a dielectric substrate. The antenna assembly has a plurality of transmitting and receiving channels including respective planar array antenna elements each composed of a plurality of patches connected to and spaced along a linear distal end portion of a feeder line. The planar array antenna elements are arrayed in a direction substantially perpendicular to the linear distal end portion of the feeder line. The transmitting and receiving assemblies, implemented as monolithic microwave integrated circuits, selectively transmit high-frequency signals to the planar array antenna elements and selectively receive echo signals from the planar array antenna elements.

Abstract: An antenna design for a tag operating in an radio frequency identification system minimizes the influence of reflecting surfaces upon the antenna radiation pattern. The antenna advantageously provides near uniform performance when the tag is in varying proximity to different metal reflecting surfaces. The antenna operates as a quarter wave patch antenna and is constructed from a rectangular metal patch separated from a larger metallic plane. This metallic plane serves as the reference ground plane for a circuit attached to the antenna, with a direct short between the patch and the ground plane along one edge of the patch. The dimensions of the metal patch are selected such that one quarter of a wavelength of incident radiation forms a standing wave on the antenna. A careful choice of dielectric material and lateral dimensions determine the bandwidth of the antenna.

Abstract: A system with two concentric antennas for two bands of microwave frequencies includes between the two concentric antennas a system for eliminating or attenuating propagation of waves from the inner antenna to the outer antenna.

Abstract: A phased array antenna includes a plurality of planar panels each having opposing sides and top and bottom edges and forming an antenna face. Each planar panel is disposed circumferentially about a central axis and is connected to adjacent panels along the sides thereof. Each panel is inclined toward the central axis from the bottom edge. A plurality of antenna elements are positioned on each panel. Each panel includes substantially the same number of antenna elements as adjacent panels and forms an antenna array on each antenna face. A plurality of transmit/receive modules generates and receives signals, and each transmit/receive module corresponds to a respective antenna element on an antenna array. Means connects each of the transmit/receive modules to respective pluralities of the antenna elements within each array.

Abstract: The present invention relates to integral antenna assemblies and in particular relates to an integral antenna assembly for microcellular base stations and fixed wireless access base stations. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, there is provided an integral antenna comprising a radome, a layered antenna and a reflector back plane, wherein the layered antenna has an outer surface and a rear surface; wherein the radome is attached directly to an outer surface of the antenna; and wherein the back plane provides a reflective cavity and encloses the feed network for the antenna and is attached to the rear surface of the antenna.

Abstract: An antenna structure is formed of a first patch plane, a first ground plane, a feed member plane, a second ground plane, and a second patch plane all spaced apart by layers of laminated dielectric substrate. A horn transmits energy upon the second patch plane. The energy is controlled in terms of phase and frequency, and is further electromagnetically coupled to the first patch plane which transmits in the form of shaped or pencil beams. The coupling between patch planes is accomplished by an array of slots located through the ground planes and an array of feed members interposed between the ground planes. The phase differences are established by utilization of feed members with different lengths.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an antenna unit for a portable radio unit capable of operating in a satellite communication mode. The antenna unit includes a first and a second conformal u-shaped antenna body which are movably arranged to each other. Each of the antenna bodies have a top surface and two outer surfaces. The second antenna body can be slid in and out of the first antenna body. The first antenna body has an array of patches on the top surface and on both of its outer surfaces to receive radio signals. The second antenna body has an array of patches on the top surface and on both of its outer surfaces to transmit radio signals. The antenna unit is coupled to the terminal unit by a hinge which enables the antenna unit to be folded onto the terminal unit.

Abstract: The invention provides a compact and light-weight antenna device for use in a mobile telephone requiring a wide frequency band. An antenna device 10 includes a first printed circuit board 11 and a ground plate 12 generally arranged in parallel, and a second printed circuit board 13 arranged vertically between the first printed circuit board 11 and the ground plate 12, and an antenna body 14 mounted on the second printed circuit board 13. A capacitive load conductor 15 is mounted on the first printed circuit board 11, and a surface electrode 16, a ground electrode 17 and a transmission line 18 are mounted on the second printed circuit board 13. The antenna body 14 is provided with terminals 19 and 21 connected to both ends of a conductor (not shown).

Abstract: Antennas configured to be enclosed within a flip cover of a radiotelephone and to resonate in three frequency bands include a dielectric substrate having opposite first and second faces, and opposite first and second ends. A first radiating element is disposed on the first face adjacent the first end, and a second radiating element is disposed on the dielectric substrate second face adjacent the second end. Each radiating element tapers from a respective end of the substrate to a medial portion of a respective face. Each radiating element also includes a respective meandering electrically conductive path.

Abstract: A planar printed-circuited antenna for the transmission and/or reception of microwave signals has a first conductive element or patch substantially parallel to a ground plane, a first dielectric substrate separating the first patch from the ground plane, supply structure for the antenna, and at least one second patch which substantially identical to the first patch. The second patch is superimposed on the first patch and is substantially parallel to the ground plane. A second dielectric substrate separates the first and second patches, and at least one first short-circuit connects the first and second patches to each other. According to the invention, at least one of the first and second patches includes at least one slot.

Abstract: An antenna structure has a radiating element and a ground plane. The ground plane has a central region relatively closely spaced apart from the radiating element and a peripheral region extending away from the central region. The peripheral region comprises at least the conductive layer that extends radially beyond the radiating element and provides a sheet resistivity higher than that of the radiating element. Though physically small, the ground plane simulates an infinite ground plane, and the antenna structure reduces multipath signals caused by reflection from the earth.

Abstract: A device having radiating elements includes a support structure defining a plurality of unit cells, at least one electronic circuit, connection for supplying at least one input signal to the electronic circuit and at least one radiating element connected to an output of the electronic circuit in order to radiate in response to reception of a signal produced at the output of the electronic circuit. The electronic circuit is encapsulated in a dielectric module to form a microwave electronic module comprising a plurality of unit structures stacked to form a block, each structure comprising a bottom dielectric layer on the top surface of which is disposed an integrated circuit. The radiating element is disposed directly on a first face of the module.

Abstract: The single channel transceiver with polarization diversity is a target detion and tracking system that results from combining the well-established technology of single channel transceiver with that of microstrip polarization-diverse antenna. The single channel transceiver with polarization diversity transmits a pair of pulses of a pre-selected polarization sense toward a target object and receives two scattered pulses of orthogonal polarizations in rapid sequence. Thereupon, a second pair of pulses, this time of opposite polarization, is transmitted and, again, two scattered pulses of orthogonal polarizations from this second pair of transmitted pulses are received in rapid sequence. Thus, the single channel transceiver with polarization diversity has the capability to obtain the complete scattering matrix of a target by use of four transmitted pulses.

Abstract: An antenna (100) has a low reluctance material (140) positioned to influence radiation pattern. The antenna (100) includes a radiator (110), and the low magnetic reluctance material (140) is positioned in close proximity to a particular side of the radiator (110). The low reluctance material (140) has a primary function of providing a preferred path for the magnetic field generated by the radiator (110), thus confining the magnetic energy and reducing radiation along at least one side of the antenna (100).

Abstract: An active microwave antenna device includes a two-port micropatch antenna which receives signals having a first circular polarization and transmits signals of opposite circular polarization. The device includes an integrated active circuit for amplifying and, optionally, filtering the signal. An array of such devices can be formed on a single substrate, each device being an independent active antenna, thus eliminating the need for RF or IF feed networks between the devices. Such arrays are believed to be particularly suitable for spatial power combining, rapid beam scanning, microwave imaging, frequency-polarization selective processes, and other related applications. The arrays may be either reflective or transmissive.

Abstract: Systems and methods for scanning antennas with plasma gratings are described. An apparatus includes a semiconductor slab and an electrode set or illuminating system to inject a plasma grating. The systems and methods provide advantages in the compactness and higher efficiency in comparison with existing antennas.

Abstract: The microstrip antenna of the present invention has a basic structure of a ground conductor plate, dielectric substrate and radiation conductor plate laminated together. On the dielectric substrate, upon which the radiation conductor plate is formed, two radio wave reflectors are placed parallel to each other facing across the radiation conductor plate. The two surfaces of the two radio wave reflectors that are facing each other are either perpendicular to the dielectric substrate, or else the interval between the two surfaces enlarges as they depart from the dielectric substrate. Due to this structure, by increasing the variation in antenna directivity, the antenna can be made less susceptible to noise generated from noise sources in the antenna vicinity. Moreover, the antenna can be small-sized since the radio wave reflectors can be placed close to the radiation conductor plate.

Abstract: A novel planar antenna is capable of feeding power to a plurality of radiation elements at a low loss and has a construction suitable for mass production. The antenna comprises a multilayer substrate formed by laminating at least two dielectric substrates and having at least an upper layer, an intermediate layer and a lower layer, upper conductive plate provided with a plurality of slots and laid in the upper layer, at least one strip line formed in the intermediate layer so as to correspond to the plurality of slots, and a lower conductive plate formed in the lower layer. At least two slots correspond to the strip line, the strip line has a feed point to which a center conductor included in a high-frequency signal transmission line is connected, and a grounding point to which a grounding conductor included in the high-frequency signal transmission line is connected is formed on a second conductive surface.

Abstract: An environmentally compatible microstrip structure for electromagnetic signals in the microwave frequency range and higher. The microstrip structure according to the invention comprises at least two dielectric bodies made of an inorganic non-metallic material. Conductors of the microstrip structure are disposed on a first dielectric body. The ground plane of the microstrip structure is disposed on a second dielectric body. The dielectric bodies are so oriented that the second dielectric is between the at least one conductor and the ground plane while the first dielectric body is not. At least one cavitity is formed in the second dielectric body around at least one of the conductors to thereby create a composite dielectric comprising gas/air/vacuum of the cavity and the second dielectric body. The composite dielectric giving the microstrip structure adequate performance with dielectrically poor but environmentally compatible dielectric materials forming the dielectric bodies.

Abstract: A multiband radio antenna arrangement for use in two way radio communication for (UHF) and (SHF) frequencies. The antenna arrangement contains at least one emitter antenna mounted on the outside of the motor vehicle adjacent to an upper edge of the vehicle's windshield near its roof. Supporting the emitter antenna is a base plate secured adjacent to the roof of the vehicle, the baseplate being electrically conductive and serving as the electrical ground plane for the emitter antenna. A thin antenna line feeds into the antenna and extends from a connection point on the baseplate to the upper edge of the windshield where it is bent and then extended on the inside surface of the windshield through an adhesive bead of the window and into the interior of the vehicle. In addition, connected to the baseplate is a patch antenna connected to the antenna line, the patch antenna for receiving an additional radio communication service.

Abstract: A planar antenna comprises an emitting circuit plate having an emitting element made of a micro-strip antenna element, a first dielectric plate, and a feeder circuit plate having a feeder line, in which said feeder line are electromagnetically connected to said emitting element in said emitting circuit plate, and said emitting element is a ring circular emitting element containing a cross bridge conductor in the center thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fuel dispenser antenna configuration having an antenna with a directive radiation pattern for receiving or transmitting electromagnetic energy, and a reflective surface on the fuel dispenser housing for redirecting the directive radiation pattern of the antenna so that the directive radiation pattern reflects off of the reflective surface and extends in a second direction over a fueling position.

Abstract: Patch antenna systems for half-duplex communications which are capable of providing a positive gain, quasi-hemispherical antenna pattern over widely separated transmit and receive frequency bands. The antenna systems according to the present invention generally comprise a patch antenna, transmit and/or receive circuit branches for tuning the patch antenna to resonate in separate transmit and receive frequency bands, and disconnection means for electrically isolating the transmit circuit branch from the antenna during periods of reception and for electrically isolating the receive circuit branch from the antenna during periods of transmission. Matching means, which preferably are implemented as part of the transmit and receive circuit branches, may also be provided for increasing the operating bandwidth of the antenna in both the transmit and receive frequency bands.

Abstract: A system utilizing a number of micro-strip antenna apparatus embedded in or mounted on the surface of a structure for enabling wireless communication of sensed and actuation signals. The micro-strip antenna apparatus may include smart materials or other substrates. If only a sensed operation is desired, the micro-strip antenna apparatus may be fabricated from only passive elements or materials. Furthermore, a micro-strip antenna apparatus is provided which enables simultaneous transmission/reception of sensing and actuation signals.

Abstract: An antenna device having a power supplying portion 52 mounted on a main wiring substrate 53a and a radiating portion 56a provided in a space between the main wiring substrate 53a and the inner surface of a sheathing case 55, the lower surface of the radiating portion 56a being opposed to the power supplying portion 52.

Abstract: A non-driven first linear element is disposed in the vicinity of an inverted-F second linear antenna element. The driven second linear element is disposed over a conductive plate having a flat shape, in such a manner as to be substantially parallel to the inverted-F antenna. The non-driven element has a short-circuited end of the inverted-F antenna, and has substantially the same resonant frequency as that of the inverted-F antenna.

Abstract: This invention relates to a flat printed antenna for transmission and/or reception of microwave signals of the type that includes particularlya plate of dielectric substratean earth plane formed by a first conductor layer deposited on a first face of the plate of dielectric substrate,a radiating element (30) formed by a second conductor layer deposited on a second face of the plate of dielectric substrate,means of feeding the antennaThis antenna has a fundamental mode, in which it generates a radiation pattern having a maximum in the direction perpendicular to the plane containing the radiating element, and at least one higher mode, in which it generates a radiation pattern with low elevation,According to the invention, the radiating element has at least one slot (31 to 34) allowing the control of the resonance frequency of a chosen higher mode.

Abstract: An antenna for use in an electronic apparatus includes a plurality of insulating film substrates arranged side by side. The insulating film substrates each have a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and a connector piece is positioned between adjacent ones of the insulating film substrates for connecting the insulating film substrates in series. Each connector piece is bendable so as to stack the insulating film substrates one on another. A spiral wire is provided on at least the first surface of each of the insulating film substrates, and an electrical connection portion is formed in at least one of an outer circumferential section and an inner circumferential section of each of the spiral wires. A connection pattern is formed on the second surface of each of the insulating film substrates for electrically connecting adjacent ones of the spiral wires via the electrical connection portions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a microstrip collinear antenna having cable connector assembly means and a collinear microstrip printed circuit board means. The cable connector assembly means responds to a radio signal, for providing a cable connector assembly radio signal. The collinear microstrip printed circuit board means responds to the cable connector assembly radio signal, for providing a collinear microstrip printed circuit board radio signal. The microstrip line collinear antenna is constructed with a number of one half .lambda. printed circuit board elements on both sides of a double-sided board. These one half .lambda. sections are the radiators. On the other side of the board opposite each radiator is a respective section of corresponding microstrip transmission lines to provide radio frequency power to each radiating element.

Abstract: A high-frequency vehicle patch antenna such as for GPS or cellular communication systems is mounted close to the conductive roof panel on an interior surface of the vehicle windshield or backglass. Low impedance coupling to the roof panel is employed to alter the focus and gain characteristics of the antenna such that maximum antenna gain is more closely aligned to zenith, and gain improvements in the general direction over the roof panel and improved omni-directionality result.

Abstract: To reduce the manufacturing cost by reducing the number of surfaces of a dielectric base on which various patterns are formed, and to improve the ease of impedance matching while avoiding an increase in size. Each of a feed electrode and a ground electrode is formed between a position on an end surface and a position on a lower surface of a dielectric base. A radiation electrode is formed, which extends from a position on an upper surface to positions on the upper and lower surfaces via another end surface of the dielectric base.

Abstract: A patch array microwave antenna comprising spaced sub-arrays each consisting of a patch and at least a pair of parasitic patches fed from the non-radiating edges of the fed patch. In a second embodiment a second pair of parasitic patches fed from the radiating edges are also provided so as to form a five-member cross. Spacings between patches in a group are kept to below .lambda./15, and groups spaced apart by at least double this. Intergroup distances P are kept below 2.lambda., but may be greater than .lambda. if alternate lines of patches are staggered by P/2 so no on-axis diffraction lobes appear in the radiation pattern.

Abstract: A novel RF antenna and method of manufacture thereof is disclosed. With this novel antenna the energy radiates in all directions including both left hand and right hand polarizations. In one embodiment of the invention, the antenna consists of two equal size rectangularly shaped conductive sheets positioned in parallel with each other. The side dimensions are nearly a half wavelength of the center frequency. The rectangle is nearly a square with one dimension slightly larger than the other. The feed point is at any of the corners. The difference in side dimensions cause the antenna to resonate at two adjacent frequencies, one slightly above the working frequency and the other slightly below. This creates a phase difference between the orthogonal modes of operation at the working frequency. A 90 degree phase difference generates circular polarization.

Abstract: An antenna device has a dielectric block; a radiating electrode disposed in said dielectric block; and a coupler electrode disposed in said dielectric block so as to be electromagnetically coupled to said radiating electrode. The antenna device has a reduced size despite the use of a dielectric material having a comparatively small dielectric constant, by virtue of the fact that the radiating electrode and the coupler electrode are arranged inside the dielectric block.

Abstract: A hand-held transmitting and/or receiving apparatus includes an elongated housing, an electric circuit inside the housing, an earphone positioned at one end of the front side of the housing, an electric ground plane positioned on the rear side of the housing at an end opposite the earphone, an antenna resonant element extending approximately parallel to the ground plane and having a first free end and a second end electrically connected by a ground connector to the ground plane, and a device connecting the ground plane and resonant element to the electric circuit. The free end of the resonant element points towards the end of the housing at which the earphone is positioned. In this arrange the strength of the electrical field of the antenna is lowest near hand or the head of the user. This reduces health risks and influences due to the hand or the body of the user on the electric field of the antenna.

Abstract: A dual band, dual polarized antenna comprising an array of resonators in a plane for radiating at a first frequency, a ring resonator in a plane, the array of resonators being contained within a projection of the boundary of the ring resonator, the ring resonator for radiating at a second frequency which is lower than the first frequency, apparatus for exciting the array of resonators to cause them to radiate at the first frequency with dual polarizations simultaneously, and apparatus for exciting the ring resonator to cause it to radiate at the second frequency with dual polarizations simultaneously.

Abstract: A dielectric resonator antenna system is disclosed wherein a dielectric material having a high dielectric constant is placed between a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) and the antenna feed. Preferably the dielectric material having a high dielectric constant is either in the form of an insert within a cavity of the DRA or alternatively is in the form of a thin layer between the feed and the DRA for enhancing coupling therebetween. It is preferred that the high dielectric constant material be at least twice the value of the dielectric resonator antenna.

Abstract: A single dielectric substrate having formed thereon a plurality of planar antenna elements, and a ferrite substrate provided with a circulator are joined together to form a planar antenna module of an integral construction. The planar antenna elements are each composed of a patch formed by a thick or a thin film deposition technique. In one preferred form of joining, the dielectric substrate and the ferrite substrate are joined together at one side. In another preferred form of the joining, the ferrite substrate is fitted or assembled in an opening or window formed in the dielectric substrate.

Abstract: The antenna element comprises a printed circuit board (1) on one side of which is a conductive ground plane (2); and on the other side of which are two symmetrical conductive feed tracks (3,4) which excite orthogonal slot apertures (12,13, 22, 23) etched in the ground plane. Radiation from the slots induces orthogonal currents into a radiating patch (14, 18) supported in a spaced relationship with the slots. Two signals can be radiated from the patch simultaneously with 90.degree. separation in polarization. The slots radiate to the rear as well as to the front. A symmetrical conductive cavity (17, 25) enclosing the slots contains rear radiation.

Abstract: An antenna structure includes a center feed dipole antenna having first and second radiating sections that extend along a substrate from a center feed point. A feed section is electrically coupled to the center feed point. The feed section includes a radio frequency input line and a ground line extending along the substrate adjacent one another. A balun extends along the substrate between the first radiating section and the ground line. The first radiating section, the radio frequency input line, the ground line and the balun preferably extend along the substrate in parallel. A tuning shunt may also be provided across the balun for dual band operation. Accordingly, compact dual band antenna structures including baluns may be provided.

Abstract: A stacked short-circuited microstrip antenna including a ground plate attached to a bottom layer, where each layer of the antenna is a dielectric layer with a radiating plate affixed to its top and one side of each dielectric layer is short-circuited. The short-circuited side of each dielectric layer is positioned 90 degrees apart from the short-circuit directly below it in the stacked layers. The antenna configuration allows for a physically small microstrip antenna with a sufficiently large resonant band width for use with a cellular phone or other communication device and also benefits from circular polarization which reduces signal loss in bad weather or another sources of interference.