Abstract: A softbox for use with a light source has structures to collapse the softbox. These structures include a ring-support assembly. The ring support assembly includes a support ring and a light ring, both of which couple to frame arm assembly. The frame arm assembly supports the material of the softbox. When the support ring and light ring are separated, the frame collapses. The structures of the light box may be entirely disposed outside of the direct path of the light source to the target, facilitating, in part, the softbox being integrated with other light manipulating devices proximal to the light source.

Abstract: A modular remote radio unit assembly that has a frame assembly, electrical components coupled to the frame assembly and configured to provide wireless data transfer, and a single power input for the electrical components. Wherein, when the power input is coupled to a power source, the electrical components are powered to provide wireless data transfer.

Abstract: Disclosed are devices, system, and method for mitigating wind damage to satellite antennas and for reducing the amount of ballast required to secure the satellite antennas. The device, system, and method include a mast on which an antenna may be affixed, a pivot gear capable of rotating between two or more positions, and a tension force or retention force on the pivot gear. A load force applied to the antenna creates a risk of damage proportional to the load force. The antenna system is capable of transitioning from a first orientation into a second orientation when the load force exceeds tension force or retention force, or the sum thereof, such that the antenna system experiences a reduced load force and therefore a reduced risk of damage. The device, system, and method also reduce the amount of ballast required to secure a non-penetrating antenna installation against tipping or sliding.

Abstract: Disclosed are antenna devices, system, and method for packaging and configuring an antenna system into a first configuration and a second configuration. The antenna system may include one or more swivel plates coupling components of the antenna such that they are configured for rotation about one or more axis. Locking apparatuses for each swivel plate may be provided for locking the antenna system into a desired configuration or state. The antenna system may be configured into a first configuration and/or a first state for use and into a second configuration and/or second state for shipping, packaging and storage.

Abstract: Disclosed is an assembly for the propagation of waves of frequencies between 1 GHz and 10 THz, including: (a) a waveguide to guide the waves, the waveguide being produced from a plastic material, a part of the waves propagating inside this waveguide and another part of the waves propagating outside this waveguide; and (b) a protective covering which surrounds the waveguide delimiting one or more spaces between the waveguide and the covering, in which space or spaces the waves propagating outside the waveguide are contained, the protective covering thus forming a barrier to protect these waves from external disturbances.

Abstract: The antenna includes a main body, a first elastic film, a first medium, a curvature adjustment unit and at least one antenna unit. The first elastic film is adhered to the main body, and the first elastic film and the main body are encircled to form a first volume variable cavity. The first medium is filled in the first volume variable cavity, the first elastic film is elastically deformable according to a volume or pressure change of the first medium; the curvature adjustment unit is configured to adjust a curvature of the first elastic film through the volume or pressure change of the first medium; and the at least one antenna unit is adhered to an outer surface of the first elastic film and configured to receive or send a wireless signal. The beam direction of the antenna may be very flexibly changed in a large range.

Abstract: Disclosed is an adaptive-spacing antenna system and a method for designing an adaptive-spacing antenna system. The antenna system and design method are operative to provide a configuration layout that reduces both the amount of material required to manufacture the antenna and the obtrusiveness caused by the antenna, while providing more flexibility for installation and a variety of options for aesthetic applications. The adaptive-spacing antenna comprises one or a combination of more than one set of straight-linear and curvilinear elements forming an adaptively-spaced grid or mesh structure. The system and method are particularly suitable for reducing the antenna weight, cost, and obtrusiveness during operation.

Abstract: A portable antenna system including a reflector with a center axis, a feed at the center axis of the reflector, a post with a rotatable bracket on the post. The system also includes a skew drive mounted to the bracket and having a first output coupled to the reflector at the center axis thereof to adjust the skew angle of the reflector, an elevation motor configured to rotate the rotatable bracket to vary the elevation of the reflector, and an azimuth motor configured to rotate the post to vary the azimuth of the reflector.

Abstract: Antenna reflector has a reflector surface which forms a predetermined dish-like shape. The reflector surface includes an inner section which radially extends a first predetermined distance from a main dish axis. This inner section is immovably supported on a fixed backing structure. The reflector surface also includes an outer section comprising a deployable perimeter. A deployable support structure is comprised of a plurality of rib tips hingedly secured to the fixed backing structure, each having an elongated shape, and extending in a direction away from the main dish axis. The rib tips are configured to rotate on hinge members relative to the fixed backing structure from a first position in which the reflector antenna is made more compact for stowage, to a second position in which a diameter of the reflector surface is increased at a time of deployment.

Abstract: Provided is a rail-type portable satellite communication antenna including an antenna communication module, a supporting module, a rail base and a driving module for driving the supporting module to rotate horizontally and to regulate its pitch angle; the rail base, the supporting module and driving module are located at bottom of the antenna communication module, the driving modules are located at each corner of the supporting module, the supporting module is connected slidably to the rail base. The rail-type portable satellite communication antenna features light weight, compact size, easy to carry and manufacture.

Abstract: Shroud isolation, including choke shroud isolation, apparatuses for wireless antennas for point-to-point or point-to-multipoint transmission/communication of high bandwidth signals, and integrated reflectors including a shroud or choke shroud. A choke shroud systems may include a cylindrical body with an isolation choke boundary at the distal opening to attenuate electromagnetic signals to, from, or within the antenna. The isolation choke boundary region may have ridges that may be tuned to a band of interest. The isolation choke boundary may provide RF isolation when used near other antennas.

Abstract: A device for receiving and re-radiating electromagnetic signals. The device includes at least a waveguide with a first set of slot radiators for receiving electromagnetic signals, and a second set of slot radiators for transmitting electromagnetic signals generated on the basis of the received electromagnetic signals in the waveguide. The first set of slot radiators includes one or more slot radiators, and the second set of slot radiators includes one or more slot radiators. The device also relates to a method for receiving and re-radiating electromagnetic signals by a device including at least a waveguide, and the use of the device as a repeater of electromagnetic signals, for transferring electromagnetic signals through a structure, and/or as a building product.

Abstract: An antenna array includes a first substrate having a first curved edge, a second substrate having a second curved edge, and members extending outwardly toward or past the first curved edge. The members include a first member and a second member below the first member. The antenna array also includes a vertical polarization (BAVA) element disposed perpendicular to the first substrate or the second substrate and between the first member and the second member, and a horizontal polarization BAVA element disposed parallel to the first substrate or the second substrate and between a top of the first member and the second member.

Abstract: An antenna system includes technological improvements for achieving improved surface accuracy of an antenna reflector during manufacturing and assembly, as well as maintaining the surface accuracy in response to wear and tear on the reflector. The antenna system includes a reflector, a plurality of mounting tabs, and a backing structure. The reflector has a front reflecting curved surface, an outer rim, and a back surface. The plurality of mounting tabs are positioned and secured around the outer rim of the reflector. Each of the plurality of mounting tabs is independently flexible with respect to the outer rim. The backing structure has a central mount, a plurality of attachment arms, and a feed arm attachment. The plurality of attachment arms are secured to the outer rim of the reflector via the plurality of mounting tabs.

Abstract: A deployable feed cluster architecture comprises a support and an array of radiofrequency RF sources, each RF source comprising a radiofrequency RF chain and of a radiating element, the RF chain being provided with input/output ports. The architecture comprises a deployable panel that is rotatably articulated about an axis of rotation, the array of RF sources mounted on the panel, the panel being rotatably movable between a first position in which the array of RF sources is stowed on the support and a second position in which the array of RF sources is deployed.

Abstract: The invention is directed to deployable reflectarray antenna structure. In one embodiment, the deployable reflectarray antenna structure includes a pair of flexible electrical elements, a feed antenna, and a deployment mechanism that employs a plurality of tapes to respectively transition the pair of flexible electrical elements from an undeployed state in which the elements are folded towards a deployed state in which the deployment mechanism and electrical elements cooperate to form a reflectarray and a subreflector of a reflectarray antenna structure. Further, the deployment mechanism also operates to position the reflectarray and subreflector relative to one another and to the feed antenna so as to realize a reflectarray antenna structure.

Abstract: A radome for a concave-reflector antenna is fastened directly onto the reflector's edge. The inner surface of the radome comprises at least one absorbent part partially covering its surface area and disposed along its peripheral edge. The surface area of the radome covered by the absorbent part(s) is less than 15% of the total surface area. The radome may comprise two absorbent parts in diametrically opposite positions. Each absorbent part may have a substantially triangular shape, the base of the absorbent part being rounded along the radome's edge, and a portion of its surface area having been removed laterally from each side of the triangle in a circular arc cut-out.

Abstract: A mobile antenna system has a dome with an internal space for enclosing an antenna, and tabs spaced around and extending outward from the circular edge of the dome. A base supports the antenna and includes a side wall extending upward to define a circular edge abutting the edge of the dome. Tabs are spaced around and extend outward from the circular edge of the base in vertical alignment to contact the tabs of the dome. The dome and base are removably secured together by a locking ring having an inner diameter large enough to fit over the edges of the dome and base. This ring has a set of L-shaped slots, each having a vertical slot segment with a width to receive the aligned tabs, and a horizontal slot segment continuing from the vertical slot segment.

Abstract: A metal plate of small, reflective cells of varying, random (within a limited rage) heights that reflect radio frequency energy such that individual reflective paths are of random length, adding neither constructively nor destructively, and thus not creating a standing wave condition between the reflective plate and the emitter or receiver is disclosed.

Abstract: Structures are provided with rigid elements connected together by interconnecting elements in such a way to form a statically determined or statically over-determined structure. The structure includes at least one tension element formed of polymeric fibers having a stabilizing creep of at least 0.3% and at most 10% and a minimum creep rate lower than 1×10?5% per second, wherein the said stabilizing creep and minimum creep are measured at a tension of 900 MPa and a temperature of 30° C. The structures may include, for example, framing structures (e.g., a space frame), suspended bodies, platforms, (e.g., a marine platform), or spoked wheels.

Abstract: A multi-panel antenna system may be disassembled and packaged into a container with substantially smaller dimensions than the assembled antenna system. The antenna system may include two or more reflector panels, such that a respective reflector panel can include a curved surface that may form a portion of a parabolic reflector, and can include an inter-panel fastener operable to align a side surface of the respective reflector panel with a side surface of another reflector panel. The antenna system may also include a mounting assembly that may be used to fasten a convex side of the two or more reflector panels to a surface external to the antenna system, and a feed assembly that may be attached to the mounting assembly.

Abstract: In one implementation, an apparatus includes: a first reflector portion having a first mount for a first antenna that is configured to operate in a first frequency range, where the first mount characterizes an emission point of a main lobe of the first antenna; and a second reflector portion having a second mount for a second antenna that is configured to operate in a second frequency range that overlaps the first frequency range, where the second mount characterizes an emission point of a main lobe of the second antenna. The second reflector portion is arranged relative to the first reflector portion in order to satisfy a near-field interference isolation criterion between the first and second antennae. In some implementations, the distance between the antenna mounts is less than a distance between the antenna mounts arranged in a plane due to increased spatial diversity between the first and second antennae.

Abstract: A deployable structure comprises a first and second flexible tension members respectively defining a first and second contours of a ring. A first plurality of rigid compression members extends between the first and second contours. Only one end of each first plurality compression member is mounted on the first contour. A second plurality of rigid compression members extends between the first and second contours. Only one end of each second plurality compression member is mounted on the second contour. The first and second plurality of compression members are arranged with a repetitive crossing pattern around the ring. A first plurality of flexible tension members link each end of a compression member mounted on one of said contours to an end of another non-mounted compression member and a second plurality of flexible tension members link each end of a non-mounted compression member to an end of another non-mounted compression member.

Abstract: An antenna array includes a plurality of patch antennas including a plurality of layers. Each of the plurality of layers are separated by a distance and each support a portion of the plurality of patch antennas. A plurality of connectors are each associated with one of the plurality of layers and supply a signal for transmission by the associated layer. A feed network on each of the plurality of layers provides a connection between a connector associated with the layer and the portion of the patch antennas located on the layer. Each layer transmits a signal having a different orthogonal function applied thereto that multiplexes each of the signals having a different orthogonal function applied thereto onto a single transmission beam. A parabolic reflector reflects the single transmission beam from the plurality of layers of the antenna array.

Abstract: A reflector assembly includes a frame centered about a longitudinal axis and having a first height along the axis. A curved body extends from the frame and has a second height along the longitudinal axis could be greater than the first height. A stretchable membrane has an electromagnetically reflective surface and is secured to the curved body.

Abstract: Mirror having a fragmented total surface area, wherein the fragmentation forms an aperiodic arrangement.

Abstract: An improved antenna reflector coating and a method for applying the coating is disclosed. A region of the reflector surface smaller than the entire reflective surface is identified and designated for hydrophobic treatment, and thereafter hydrophobically treated. Provision is made for identifying the region according to desired parameters and in consideration of multiple LNB embodiments.

Abstract: Shroud isolation, including choke shroud isolation, apparatuses for wireless antennas for point-to-point or point-to-multipoint transmission/communication of high bandwidth signals, and integrated reflectors including a shroud or choke shroud. A choke shroud systems may include a cylindrical body with an isolation choke boundary at the distal opening to attenuate electromagnetic signals to, from, or within the antenna. The isolation choke boundary region may have ridges that may be tuned to a band of interest. The isolation choke boundary may provide RF isolation when used near other antennas.

Abstract: The parabolic antenna includes a first radiating element, a second radiating element and a parabolic dish. The operating frequency of the first radiating element is different from the operating frequency of the second radiating element. The first radiating element and the second radiating element are disposed in front of the parabolic dish. Under different circumstance, the first radiating element and the second radiating element may operate simultaneously or non-simultaneously.

Abstract: A method of deploying a space based occulter is provided. The occulter comprises a base portion and a blanket section extending radially from the base portion. A plurality of starlight blocking petals are attached to the base portion and attached to the blanket section, the petals extending radially from the base portion, each of the petals being hingedly connected to an adjacent petal.

Abstract: Antennas and other transducers for use in transmitting and receiving twisted waves are disclosed. A reflector includes numerous parabolic segments having focal lengths that decrease monotonically with azimuth angle. A feed is used that is located at a focal length associated with one of the segments. Thus, each segment has a phase delay that is related to a difference between the primary focal length and the focal length of the segment. This variation of phase delay with azimuth allows twisted waves to be transmitted and received.

Abstract: A test fixture has a flexible plastic cable that acts as a waveguide. The Device-Under-Test (DUT) is a small transceiver and antenna that operate in the Extremely High-Frequency (EHF) band of 30-300 GHz. The size of the DUT transceiver is very small, limiting the power of emitted electromagnetic radiation so that close-proximity communication is used. The envelope for reception may only extend for about a centimeter from the DUT transceiver, about the same size as the test socket. A slot is formed in the test socket very near to the antenna. The slot receives one end of the plastic waveguide. The slot extends into the envelope by the DUT transceiver so that close-proximity radiation is captured by the plastic waveguide. The waveguide has a high relative permittivity and reflective metalized walls so that the radiation may be carried to a receiver that is outside the envelope.

Abstract: A test fixture has a flexible plastic cable that acts as a waveguide. The Device-Under-Test (DUT) is a small transceiver and antenna that operate in the Extremely High-Frequency (EHF) band of 30-300 GHz. The size of the DUT transceiver is very small, limiting the power of emitted electromagnetic radiation so that close-proximity communication is used. The envelope for reception may only extend for about a centimeter from the DUT transceiver, about the same size as the test socket. A slot is formed in the test socket very near to the antenna. The slot receives one end of the plastic waveguide. The slot extends into the envelope by the DUT transceiver so that close-proximity radiation is captured by the plastic waveguide. The waveguide has a high relative permittivity and reflective metalized walls so that the radiation may be carried to a receiver that is outside the envelope.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing a Portable Satellite Communication (“PSC”) antenna. The PSC antenna (100) comprises: a Parabolic Segmented Antenna (“PSA”) reflector (102) with a plurality of identical and interchangeable panels (106) that can be stowed in a nested stacked arrangement; a plurality of interchangeable feedhorn assemblies (104) that can be coupled to a center hub (110) via a quick-connect mechanism (112); an adjustment mechanism (2512, 2602, 2604) for adjusting an angular orientation of the feedhorn assemblies relative to the center hub; a transceiver (202) that can be coupled to a convex side of the PSA reflector; a base panel (120) which is coupled to a tripod positioning structure (118) such that reflector wind moment loads can be transferred through a base panel to the tripod positioning structure; and a tripod positioning structure with folding legs (3102, 3104) and hard stops (3306) against which the folding legs can be preloaded.

Abstract: An antenna device includes a housing defining an interior cavity, and an RF antenna situated within the housing. The RF antenna receives high definition television signals broadcast over the air. An MHL connector is mounted on the housing. An external audio or video streaming signal device is coupleable to the MHL connector. An MHL to HDMI converter circuit situated within the interior cavity of the housing receives signals from the external audio or video streaming signal device and processes these signals into an HDMI signal format. The HDMI signals are provided on an HDMI output connector mounted on the housing. RF signals from the RF antenna are provided to an RF coaxial cable connector also mounted on the housing.

Abstract: A reflector arrangement is configured for attachment to a wireless communications terminal having a patch antenna. The patch antenna includes a patch radiator in a substantially parallel relationship with a ground plane, and the patch antenna produces a radiation beam of a predetermined beamwidth. The reflector arrangement is configured, when attached to the terminal, to produce a radiation beam of reduced beamwidth relative to the predetermined beamwidth. The reflector arrangement comprises a main reflector and a sub-reflector for reflecting radiation towards the main reflector, and the reflector arrangement is configured such that, when attached to the terminal, the patch antenna acts as a feed antenna for the sub-reflector. The sub-reflector is arranged to collect the radiation from the patch antenna and to reflect the beam towards the main reflector such that the main reflector produces the radiated beam of reduced beamwidth.

Abstract: A freeform surface reflective scanning system includes a light source, an aperture, a first freeform surface mirror, and a second freeform surface mirror. The light source is configured to provide a laser. The first freeform surface mirror is located on an aperture side that is away from the light source. The first freeform surface mirror is configured to reflect the laser to form a first reflected light. The second freeform surface mirror is located on a first reflected light path. The second freeform surface mirror is configured to reflect the first reflected light to form a second reflected light. Both the first freeform surface mirror and the second freeform surface mirror are a fourth XY polynomial surface.

Abstract: A satellite antenna arrangement for a satellite communication system comprising: a reflector for producing a far field pattern with near-zero field strength at a predetermined location to reject unwanted signals from said predetermined location or minimize signal power transmitted to said predetermined location, the reflector having a surface comprising a stepped profile arranged to generate the near-zero field strength in the predetermined location. The stepped profile may comprise a radial step. The location of the near-zero field strength can be steered by moving the reflector or by adjusting the amplitude and phase of an additional beam that covers substantially the same region as the main beam reflected by the reflector.

Abstract: A satellite antenna adapter comprising a bottom plate comprising a top surface and a bottom surface, a reflector mounting plate coupled to the bottom plate. The bottom surface of the bottom plate is constructed to removably couple to a tripod. The top surface of the bottom plate is constructed to removably couple to a satellite antenna feed. The reflector mounting plate is constructed to removably couple to a satellite reflector and is substantially perpendicular to the top surface of the bottom plate.

Abstract: An antenna hub for a reflector dish has a frame with a feed aperture. A plurality of feet are coupled to the frame; each of the feet provided with a dish fastener coupling axis normal to a dish surface contacting each of the feet when the reflector dish is seated upon the feet, the feed bore of the reflector dish aligned coaxial with the feed aperture. The frame and feet may be formed via extrusion.

Abstract: An interconnection retaining a radome upon a periphery of a reflector dish has a plurality of curved channel portions, each of the channel portions provided with an open periphery slot and an open retention slot. The periphery slot dimensioned to receive the peripheries of the radome and reflector dish. The channel portions are arranged end-to-end adjacent to one another, encircling the peripheries of the radome and reflector dish seated within the periphery slot. A gap may be provided between one or more of the channel portions. A link member is seated within the retention slot at an end of each adjacent channel portion. The retention slot at the end of each of the adjacent channel portions is crimped upon the link member. The link member may be, for example, a portion of threaded rod or a molded portion of polymer material.

Abstract: An enclosure system for antennas including satellite dish antennas and single frequency, narrowband and broadband ones. The system includes at least upper and lower housing portions mounted to each other for rotational movement about a first axis inclined to the vertical. The portions have respective, peripheral sections extending about the first axis and substantially perpendicular to the inclined, first axis. The satellite antenna dish is mounted to the upper housing portion to extend substantially about a second axis substantially intersecting the first axis at an inclined angle. The upper housing portion can be rotated about the inclined, first axis relative to the lower housing portion wherein the second axis of the dish essentially forms or defines a cone about the first axis to position the plane of the dish rim portion in any of a plurality of orientations essentially between a substantially horizontal one and a substantially vertical one.

Abstract: A reflector for an antenna is formed from a metallized fabric composite material including a first fabric layer, a second fabric layer, and a metallic layer positioned between the first and second fabric layers and secured to each of the first and second fabric layers.

Abstract: Wireless radio apparatuses for point-to-point or point-to-multipoint transmission/communication of high bandwidth signals having dual receivers and transmitters. Radio devices and systems may include a pair of reflectors separated by an isolation choke boundary. The device may be configured to operate in any appropriate band (e.g., a 5 GHz band, a 24 GHz band, etc.) and may simultaneously transmit and receive with minimal crosstalk. The isolation choke boundary may have ridges that extend between the first and second parabolic reflectors to a height that may be tuned to the band. The isolation choke boundary provides greater than 10 dB isolation between the first and the second parabolic reflectors may be in a fixed configuration relative to each other so that they are aligned to send/receive in parallel. The two reflectors may be formed of a single housing, with fixed parallel alignment.

Abstract: A radome for covering an open end of a reflector dish of a reflector antenna has a generally planar portion of twin-wall extruded polymer material dimensioned to cover the open end of the reflector dish. A periphery of the planar portion is provided with a plurality of slits, the slits defining a plurality of tabs. The tabs are dimensioned for folding around a rim of the reflector dish. The tabs may be retained in the folded position by, for example, a band clamp or directly coupling a portion of the tabs to the planar portion.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus includes an electrically conductive section having peripheral edges, an antenna element coupled to the electrically conductive section, which transmits or receives electromagnetic signals, and an electromagnetic absorbing carbon material component. The carbon material component is generally disposed adjacent to the electrically conductive section, and includes a border region extending beyond the peripheral edges of the electrically conductive section. The carbon material component can be constructed of a carbon fiber fabric in which the carbon fibers are arranged to increase the effective signal to noise ratio of the antenna apparatus and enhance antenna performance without increasing the baseline power consumption level. The carbon fibers can be coated with silicone to insulate them externally while enhancing their lengthwise conductivity.

Abstract: This invention is directed toward a data signal receiving means including an antenna and a plurality of Low Noise Blocks (LNB's). A reflective filtering means is provided and located with respect to the LNBs and antenna such that data signals received at a first frequency or frequency range pass through the reflective filter means to a first LNB and data signals at second frequency or frequency range are deflected by the reflective filtering means and do not pass therethrough and pass to the second LNB. In this way a single antenna can be used to receive and process multiple data signals received at different frequencies or frequency ranges.

Abstract: A beam-shaping element is provided to shape RF feed energy for reflector-based antennas. The RF beam-shaping element is located between the primary reflector and the antenna feed and configured to direct RF energy from the feed away from a blockage created by the feed itself towards unblocked regions of the primary reflector. The beam-shaping element allows for a simplified feed design. The feed may comprise one or more feed elements, each comprising a radiating element and a feed to the radiating element such as a cavity-backed slot radiator and stripline trace. In a monopulse tracking system, each quadrant may include only a single feed element. In common aperture systems, the RF beam-shaping element may be formed on only the rear surface of the secondary reflector that allows transmission at the predefined RF wavelength while reflecting energy of a second predetermined wavelength to another sensor.

Abstract: In certain embodiments, a segmented reflector and an antenna having a segmented reflector are disclosed. In certain embodiments, the segments of the reflector are held in side-by-side relationship by the antenna transceiver. In certain other embodiments, the segments of the reflector are held in side-by-side relationship by magnets in each of the segments that are attracted to magnets in adjacent segments. In some embodiments, interengaging male and female detents are provided in the segment endwalls in order to resist shear forces once the segmented reflector is assembled. Other embodiments are also disclosed.

Abstract: An antenna device includes a reflector which forms an offset antenna with a portion of a rotational paraboloid being cut out, and a primary radiator which radiates a beam having an elliptical cone shape to an aperture plane of the reflector. A reflector contour of the aperture plane of the reflector is formed in an elliptical shape along an isolux line of an elliptical beam radiated from the primary radiator. Accordingly, a loss due to spillover of the reflector is compensated for in a space in which the reflector contour of the present embodiment protrudes from a general reflector contour having a virtual elliptical shape formed to be perpendicular to an axis of a beam incident on an aperture plane of the reflector. In a space in which the general reflector contour protrudes from the reflector contour of the present embodiment, degradation of illuminance efficiency of the reflector is compensated.