Abstract: This invention discloses corrosion resistant metal compositions that may be used to form nanoparticles or for coating of particles. Further, such particles may be used to fabricate printable transparent conductors that may be used in electronic devices. Electrochromic displays formed using such conductors are described.

Abstract: A disclosed electrochromic display element includes a display substrate, a counter substrate facing the display substrate, display electrodes arranged between the display substrate and the counter substrate, electrochromic layers formed on the respective display electrodes, a plurality of drive elements arranged on the counter substrate at predetermined intervals, a plurality of pixel electrodes arranged on the drive elements, a charge retention layer formed over the pixel electrodes as a continuous layer, the charge retention layer being formed of a mixed film including a polymer and one of electric conductive microparticles and semiconductor microparticles, and an electrolyte layer sandwitched between the display substrate and the charge retention layer.

Abstract: An electrochromic device that is capable of changing the transmission of either visible or infrared radiations as a function of the polarity of a voltage applied to the device.

Abstract: A transparent electrochromic system includes a cellular structure, two power supply electrodes together supported on a single wall, and at least one additional electrode. The additional electrode can be used as a reference electrode or as a polarization electrode. The additional electrode can also form a condenser with a fourth electrode that is added to the system, in order to control a migration of certain electroactive substances responsible for coloring and decoloring the system. The operation of the system can thus be improved.

Abstract: An electro-optic display is produced using a sub-assembly comprising a front sheet, an electro-optic medium; and an adhesive layer. An aperture is formed through the adhesive layer where the adhesive layer is not covered by the electro-optic medium, and the sub-assembly is adhered to a backplane having a co-operating member with the aperture engaged with a co-operating member, thus locating the sub-assembly relative to the backplane. In another form of electro-optic display, a chip extends through an aperture in the electro-optic medium and adhesive layer. In a third form, the aforementioned sub-assembly is secured to a backplane and then a cut is made through both backplane and sub-assembly to provide an aligned edge.

Abstract: An electrophoretic element includes: an electrophoretic particle; a porous layer formed of a fibrous structure containing a non-migrating particle having optical reflective characteristics different from those of the electrophoretic particle and having a plurality of pores; and a partition that is partially adjacent to the porous layer and defines a space for accommodating the electrophoretic particle. An area rate of the pores per unit area of the porous layer is small in an adjacent region where the partition is adjacent to the porous layer compared with in a non-adjacent region where the partition is not adjacent to the porous layer.

Abstract: An incandescent light source display includes a substrate, a plurality of first electrode down-leads, a plurality of second electrode down-leads and a plurality of heating units. The plurality of first electrode down-leads are located on the substrate in parallel to each other and the plurality of second electrode down-leads are located on the substrate in parallel to each other. The first electrode down-leads cross the second electrode down-leads and corporately define a grid having a plurality of cells. Each of the incandescent light sources is located in correspondence with each of the cells. Each incandescent light source includes a first electrode, a second electrode and an incandescent element. The incandescent element includes a carbon nanotube structure.

Abstract: Single particle and dual-particle electrophoretic display devices are disclosed. The display comprises a back substrate and a transparent substrate forming a cavity therebetween. The transparent substrate including one or more cathode electrodes forming a plurality of electronically and selectively addressable pixels; one or more side walls extending from the transparent substrate, the side walls defining corresponding pixels, and a suspension fluid in fluid communication with each of the cells by a gap formed between the top of the side walls and the back substrate. In addition, the displays include a thin-film transistor (TFT) active matrix substrate to selectively drive one or more of the cathode electrodes. In addition, methods for manufacturing of the displays are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of driving an electrowetting display which includes a plurality of electrowetting elements, the display comprising at least one first fluid and a second fluid immiscible with each other, each of the electrowetting elements comprising at least one surface area. In a first, relatively low voltage, driving state of an electrowetting element the second fluid tends to cover the at least one surface area, and in a second, relatively high voltage, driving state of an electrowetting element the first fluid tends to cover the at least one surface area.

Abstract: A display medium includes a pair of substrates, a dispersion medium sealed between the pair of substrates, a migrating particle group dispersed in the dispersion medium, and a surface layer provided on at least one of the facing surfaces of the pair of substrates and including a polymer compound that is a copolymer containing the following constitutional unit (A) and constitutional unit (B), X represents a group containing a silicone chain, Ra1 and Ra2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Rb2 represents an organic group containing a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, n1 and n2 each represent mol % of the constitutional unit relative to the whole copolymer and satisfy 0<n1<50 and 0<n2<80, respectively, and n represents a natural number of 1 or more and 3 or less.

Abstract: An electrophoresis display panel includes a plurality of first sub-pixels, a plurality of second sub-pixels, a plurality of third sub-pixels, and a plurality of white sub-pixels. The first sub-pixels, the second sub-pixels, and the third sub-pixels are suitable for irradiating different light of three primary colors, respectively, while the white sub-pixels are suitable for irradiating white light. Each of the first sub-pixels does not adjoin the second sub-pixels and the third sub-pixels. Each of the second sub-pixels does not adjoin the third sub-pixels. Each of the first sub-pixels adjoins the white sub-pixels exclusively or adjoins the white sub-pixels and other first sub-pixels exclusively.

Abstract: A bistable electro-optic display has a plurality of pixels, each of which is capable of displaying at least three gray levels. The display is driven by a method comprising: storing a look-up table containing data representing the impulses necessary to convert an initial gray level to a final gray level; storing data representing at least an initial state of each pixel of the display; receiving an input signal representing a desired final state of at least one pixel of the display; and generating an output signal representing the impulse necessary to convert the initial state of said one pixel to the desired final state thereof, as determined from said look-up table. The invention also provides a method for reducing the remnant voltage of an electro-optic display.

Abstract: Provided are a ?-electron conjugated polymer having a constitutional unit represented by general formula (2) that is suitable as an electrochromic material that changes from a desired colored state to a decolored state, a new compound that is a raw material of the polymer, and a method for producing the polymer: wherein each X independently represents one selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, —NH—, and —NR1— (wherein R1 is an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an optionally substituted aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms); each Y independently represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; each Z independently represents one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and optionally substituted organic groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and W is one selected from the group consisting of an ethynylene group, an optionally substituted ethenylene group, optionally substituted arylene groups, and optionally substituted divalent heteroaromati

Abstract: A data matrix code arrangement, and a method for making the same are disclosed. The data matrix code arrangement includes a fix data matrix code including a static pattern forming a first readable Data Matrix code, and an electrochemically switchable organic electrochromic display comprising pixel element including a controller arranged for enabling an application of a predetermined potential difference between an electrochromic layer and a counter electrode layer of the pixel element. The application of a potential difference initiates and maintains a colour switch of the predetermined ones of the pixel elements. The fix Data Matrix code and the display are aligned such that the static pattern of the first Data Matrix code and the predetermined ones of the pixel elements, when switched, forms a second readable Data Matrix code, which is different from the first readable Data Matrix code.

Abstract: A display or light-modulating device incorporates one or more measures of liquid that obstruct or filter light that passes onto or through the liquid; a space distribution of different light-modulating filters, optical instrument or materials or of materials that change the frequency or color of light passing onto or through them, to emit a different frequency or color of light; and means to apply electrowetting effect to controllably modulate the location or shape of one or more measures of a polar or conductive liquid, so that at least some portion of one or more light-obstructing or light-filtering measures of liquids is caused to be located between one or more light sources and the space distribution of light-modulating filters, optical instruments or light-modulating materials, or said space distribution of materials that change the frequency or color of light passing onto or through them, to emit a different frequency or color of light, thereby controllably modulating properties of light emitted from sa

Abstract: A display device includes a display cell having a plurality of sub-pixels to make a single image or dual images, and a control cell for passing through the single image, and guiding a first image of the dual images toward a first direction and a second image of the dual images toward a second direction different from the first direction.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal display device suitable for a thin film transistor which uses an oxide semiconductor. In a liquid crystal display device which includes a thin film transistor including an oxide semiconductor layer, a film having a function of attenuating the intensity of transmitting visible light is used as an interlayer film which covers at least the oxide semiconductor layer. As the film having a function of attenuating the intensity of transmitting visible light, a coloring layer can be used and a light-transmitting chromatic color resin layer is preferably used. An interlayer film which includes a light-transmitting chromatic color resin layer and a light-blocking layer may be formed in order that the light-blocking layer is used as a film having a function of attenuating the intensity of transmitting visible light.

Abstract: An autostereoscopic 3D display device is provided. The display device includes a display panel for displaying an image, and a switching panel attached to the display panel for selectively implementing a 3D image mode and a 2D image mode according to whether an electric signal is supplied. The switching panel is divided into a transmission region and a non-transmission region using electrochromic materials.

Abstract: Single particle and dual-particle electrophoretic display devices are disclosed. The display comprises a back substrate including a substantially hollow container that includes a transparent substrate forming a cavity therebetween. The transparent substrate including one or more cathode electrodes forming a plurality of electronically and selectively addressable pixels; one or more side walls extending from the transparent substrate, the side walls defining corresponding pixels, and a suspension fluid including a plurality of pigment particles in fluid communication with each of the cells by a gap formed between the top of the side walls and the back substrate. In addition, the displays include a thin-film transistor (TFT) active matrix substrate to selectively drive one or more cathode electrodes. In addition, methods for manufacturing of the displays are disclosed.

Abstract: A display element containing an electrolyte (containing a metal salt compound) disposed between counter electrodes, wherein a compound represented by the following Formula (A) is immobilized on at least one of the counter electrodes: wherein R22 represents an aryl group, R23 and R24 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent; X represents >N—R25, an oxygen atom or sulfur atom; and R25 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, a ratio of a region on which the compound of Formula (A) is immobilized to a region on which the compound is not immobilized is 1:4 to 4:1. A black display, a white display and a color display having a color other than black are achieved by the operation of the counter electrodes.

Abstract: In an image display apparatus, each sub-pixel includes a phosphor configured to emit light of a predetermined color when the phosphor is irradiated with electrons, an electron emission device configured to irradiate the phosphor with the electrons, and a resistor connected in series to the electron emission device and having a negative temperature characteristic of resistance. In three or more sub-pixels with different luminescent colors included in each pixel, the resistor is configured such that a sub-pixel having a phosphor with a smaller temperature dependency of luminescent brightness has a resistor with a greater activation energy, or the resistor is configured such that the resistor is made of the same material for the three or more sub-pixel and such that a sub-pixel having a phosphor with a smaller temperature dependency of luminescent brightness has a resistor with a greater resistance.

Abstract: An apparatus for driving an electrochromic device (ECD) includes a driving volt age output unit for selectively applying a coloring or decoloring voltage between upper and lower electrodes of an ECD; a timer for counting an applying time of the coloring or decoloring voltage in a memory type driving mode and then outputting a voltage application completion signal after the counted time exceeds a preset time, the timer bypassing the counting operation in a non-memory type driving mode; and a driving controller for selectively inputting a coloring or decoloring signal to the driving voltage output unit such that the driving voltage output unit is controlled to output a coloring or decoloring voltage corresponding to the signal, the driving controller receiving the voltage application completion signal to stop the input of the coloring or decoloring signal. Thus, memory type and non-memory type ECDs may be driven automatically using only one apparatus.

Abstract: A display device includes a pair of insulating substrates facing each other, electrochromic elements, and an electrolyte layer. A plurality of electrodes constituting the electrochromic elements are disposed on an inner surface of one of the insulating substrates so as to be spaced from each other. One of the insulating substrates is formed of a flexible member whose outer surface is an input operation surface. A pair of counter electrodes of an input element are disposed between the pair of insulating substrates, the counter electrodes being spaced from the electrodes of the electrochromic elements when viewed in plan. An input operation is performed by bringing the counter electrodes close to each other or bringing the counter electrodes into contact with each other through pressing of the input operation surface.

Abstract: A light pointing device employed in an input apparatus comprises a signal receiving interface and a light emitting component. The signal receiving interface is used to receive a system signal from the input apparatus. The light emitting component can generate a flashing light source whose intermittence cycle is synchronized with the reference clock cycle of the system signal. Furthermore, the ratio of the intermittence cycle of the flashing light source to the reference clock cycle of the system signal is a natural number.

Abstract: An electro-optic display includes a first substrate provided thereon with a first electrode, a second substrate provided thereon with a second electrode forming an electric field in cooperation with the first electrode, and an electro-optic material interposed between the first and second substrates. The electro-optic material includes a non-polar solvent and a polar solvent dispersed in the non-polar solvent and controlled by the electric field. The first electrode is disposed on a non-display region of the first substrate including a plurality of pixels each of which having a display region, in which an image is displayed, and the non-display region adjacent to the display region. At least one of a reflective layer and a light sourcing layer defines an amount of light passed through the display area.

Abstract: A controller or control method may be designed or configured to operate without information about the current temperature of the device and/or the device's environment. Further, in some cases, the controller or control method is designed or configured to control transition of an optical device to an intermediated state between two end states. For example, the controller may be configured to control a transition to a state of transmissivity that is intermediate between two end states of transmissivity. In such case, the device has three or more stable states of transmissivity.

Abstract: A method and device for providing a display having increased viewability are provided. The display assembly includes a backlight layer, an electrochromic layer formed over the backlight layer, a surface layer formed over the electrochromic layer and including at least one substantially translucent graphical element thereon, and a power supply. The electrochromic layer is switchable between a substantially transparent state and a substantially reflective state upon application of a switching voltage from the power supply, where the state being selected is based on a lighting condition of the display assembly.

Abstract: The present exemplary embodiment relates to an improved flexible display system. One form of the display may use various types of switchable materials contained in micro cells formed from a fabric or mesh material. These cells may serve as a spacer between two opposing electrode sheets and may be individually sealed to the electrode sheets on each face. Moreover, the fabric may, in some forms, be implemented as an electrical grid for addressing the micro cells.

Abstract: A display, comprising: a planar display section; a pixel space provided next to a side adjacent to one surface of the display section and encapsulating a plurality of kinds of colorants, each kind having a different color; an accumulation section provided in the pixel space and accumulating the colorants; a separation system that separates a specific kind of colorant from the accumulated colorants in the accumulation section; a transfer system that selects at least one kind of colorant from the separated colorants and transfers this colorant to the side adjacent to the display section of the pixel space. The separation system performs separation utilizing the magnitude of a dielectrophoretic force generated in each colorant upon receipt of an alternating electric field of a specific frequency applied by this system, the magnitude varying depending on the kind of the colorant. A color of at least the one kind of colorant transferred by the transfer system is displayed at the display section.

Abstract: Onboard EC window controllers are described. The controllers are configured in close proximity to the EC window, for example, within the IGU. The controller may be part of a window assembly, which includes an IGU having one or more EC panes, and thus does not have to be matched with the EC window, and installed, in the field. The window controllers described herein have a number of advantages because they are matched to the IGU containing one or more EC devices and their proximity to the EC panes of the window overcomes a number of problems associated with conventional controller configurations.

Abstract: An electrochromic display device includes a display substrate, a counter substrate facing the display substrate, counter electrodes arranged on the counter substrate, an electrolyte layer arranged between the display substrate and the counter electrodes, display electrodes separately arranged from one another between the display substrate and the counter electrodes, electrochromic layers to develop or reduce a color by redox reactions, the electrochromic layers being formed on the respective display electrodes arranged such that the electrochromic layers face the set of the counter electrodes, a voltage applying unit to select one of the display electrodes to connect the selected display electrode and the counter electrodes to apply a voltage between the connected display electrode and counter electrodes, a disconnecting unit to disconnect the unselected display electrodes from the counter electrodes, and an interelectrode connecting unit to connect the display electrodes.

Abstract: A disclosed electrochromic display element includes a display substrate, a counter substrate facing the display substrate, display electrodes arranged between the display substrate and the counter substrate, electrochromic layers formed on the respective display electrodes, a plurality of drive elements arranged on the counter substrate at predetermined intervals, a plurality of pixel electrodes arranged on the drive elements, a charge retention layer formed over the pixel electrodes as a continuous layer, the charge retention layer being formed of a mixed film including a polymer and one of electric conductive microparticles and semiconductor microparticles, and an electrolyte layer sandwitched between the display substrate and the charge retention layer.

Abstract: A method and device for providing a dual-sided display device having increased viewability are provided. A display device includes a dual-sided display assembly and a power supply. The dual-sided display assembly includes a first viewable side and a second viewable side. A first electrochromic layer is formed over the first viewable side and a second electrochromic layer is formed over the second viewable side. Each of the first electrochromic layer and the second electrochromic layer are switchable between a substantially transparent state and a substantially reflective state upon application of a switching voltage from the power supply, the state being selected based on an operational configuration of the display device.

Abstract: This invention discloses corrosion resistant metal compositions that may be used to form nanoparticles or for coating of particles. Further, such particles may be used to fabricate printable transparent conductors that may be used in electronic devices. Electrochromic displays formed using such conductors are described.

Abstract: A display apparatus using electroplating on an electrode for modulating light includes a layer formed on the electrode. The layer has an insulator with a gap therein, and conductive fine particles are dispersed in the gap.

Abstract: A system and method for writing bistable media with a writehead is described. The media has two or more discrete write areas, each area defined by at least one electrical contact, and the media further has at least one alignment feature positioned with regard to one or more discrete write area. The writehead has corresponding alignment features and electrical conductors to the alignment features and electrical contacts of the media.

Abstract: In at least one embodiment, a driving method of an electrophoresis display device includes an image-erasing step in which an old image displayed on the displaying section of the electrophoresis display device is erased. The image-erasing step of the driving method of the electrophoresis display device further includes a first image-erasing sub step of displaying a first gradation in each of the pixels of a first area and displaying a second gradation in each of the pixels of a second area; and a second image-erasing sub step of displaying the second gradation in each of the pixels of the first area and displaying the first gradation in each of the pixels of the second area.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates, according to some embodiments, to compositions and devices operable for infra-red transmission and blocking comprising a layered structure having a first electrically conducting layer, a conjugated electrochromic polymer layer, an electrolyte layer and a second electrically conducting layer, wherein the first and second electrically conducting layers have an infrared transparency and the conjugated electrochromic polymers may be operable to be electrically switched between a transparent state that transmits infrared light to an opaque state that does not transmit infrared light. In some embodiments, a device of the disclosure may also have one or more outer substrates sandwiching the other layers. Some embodiments relate to single-layered devices. Some embodiments relate to combined layers. Compositions and devices of the disclosure may be integrated into a wide variety of infrared systems for transmission, shuttering and calibration applications.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display device includes M×N numbers (M, and N are integers more than two) of pixels. The M×N numbers of pixels include M numbers of pixel groups having N numbers of pixels. Further, an image on the electrophoretic display device is displayed by making some of the M×N numbers of pixels switched at least from a bright display to a dark display, and vice versa. A period for displaying one piece of an image on the electrophoretic display is defined as period for forming an image and a period for introducing an image signal to each of the M×N numbers of pixels with sequentially selecting each of the pixels is defined as a frame period. Then, the time for forming an image includes a plurality of frame periods (a numbers of L: L is integers more than two.

Abstract: An image record apparatus for recording a visible image on each of image record media 14 has a light application section 30 for applying exposure light to the plurality of placed image record media 14, a voltage application section 20 for applying an image write voltage to each of the plurality of placed image record media 14, and a control section 40 for controlling the light application section 30 and the voltage application section 20 so that exposure light for representing a visible image is applied to the plurality of placed image record media and the image write voltage is applied to the image record medium 14 on which the same visible image as the image is to be recorded.

Abstract: A drive method for a display device that displays by causing charged particles to migrate by applying an electric field, including a gray level drive step of causing the particles to migrate to a gray level that is not a saturation state in which migration of the particles is saturated. The gray level drive step changes the display by causing the particles to migrate to produce a display color difference.

Abstract: In an information display panel, in which one or more groups of display media having light reflectance and charge characteristic, constituted by at least one group of particles, are sealed between opposed two substrates, at least one substrate being transparent, and, in which the display media, to which an electrostatic field is applied, are made to move so as to display information, in order to seal a space between one substrate and the other substrate, a gap-space maintaining member is formed at either one or both of an outer side and an inner side with respect to a sealing-agent arranging portion arranged at an outer peripheral portion of an information display region of the panel.

Abstract: An electro-optic display is produced using a sub-assembly comprising a front sheet, an electro-optic medium; and an adhesive layer. An aperture is formed through the adhesive layer where the adhesive layer is not covered by the electro-optic medium, and the sub-assembly is adhered to a backplane having a co-operating member with the aperture engaged with a co-operating member, thus locating the sub-assembly relative to the backplane. In another form of electro-optic display, a chip extends through an aperture in the electro-optic medium and adhesive layer. In a third form, the aforementioned sub-assembly is secured to a backplane and then a cut is made through both backplane and sub-assembly to provide an aligned edge.

Abstract: The present invention provides particles for display media constituting the display media used for an information display panel, in which the display media are sealed between two substrates, at least one of two substrates being transparent, and, in which the display media, to which an electrostatic field is applied, are made to move so as to display information, comprising: the particles having a substantially spherical shape, which are made by polymerizing raw materials including monomers, which include (acrylic or methacrylic) resin-hydrocarbon resin copolymer in the particles, in which a part of or all of the monomers are a multifunctional monomer having a plurality of polymerization reactive groups in one molecule, and which have minute irregularities on their surface evenly. By such a construction, the particles for display media can obtain irregularities firmly fixed on their surface. Poor display can be solved by using the same.

Abstract: Systems and method which allow for control of televisions and other media device are disclosed. A television set is provided with a gesture capture device configured to receive a gesture input directed to at least one of a plurality of predefined areas related to the television set. The television set further includes a user interaction interface configured to generate data indicative of the gesture input directed toward the at least one of the predefined areas and control the television based at least in part on the generated data.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The electrochemical cell comprises a first conductive layer; a metal oxide layer formed on the first conductive layer, the metal oxide layer comprising a plurality of adjacent metal oxide cells, spaced from one another; a functional dye layer formed on the metal oxide layer; a second conductive layer; and an electrolyte between the functional dye layer and the second conductive layer; wherein at least one of the first and second conductive layers is transparent. In one embodiment, the electrochemical cell further comprises separating means formed on the first conductive layer and surrounding each of the plurality of adjacent metal oxide cells.

Abstract: An electrochromic device includes a first substrate spaced from a second substrate. A first conductive member is formed over at least a portion of the first substrate. A first electrochromic material is formed over at least a portion of the first conductive member. The first electrochromic material includes an organic material. A second conductive member is formed over at least a portion of the second substrate. A second electrochromic material is formed over at least a portion of the second conductive member. The second electrochromic material includes an inorganic material. An ionic liquid is positioned between the first electrochromic material and the second electrochromic material.

Abstract: A reflection type display apparatus using an electroplating for modulating light includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an electrolyte solution arranged between the first and second electrodes. A first electroplating is formed from the electrolyte solution onto the first electrode by setting a first direction of current flowing between the first and second electrodes, and a second electroplating is formed from the electrolyte solution onto the second electrode by setting a second direction of current flowing between the first and second electrodes. A first surface of the first electroplating is formed on the first electrode such that the first electroplating contacts the first electrode through the first surface and is different in at least one of a light reflectance and a light absorptance from a second surface of the second electroplating formed on the second electrode such that the second electroplating does not contact the second electrode through the second surface.

Abstract: Electrochromic device having at least one carrier substrate (S1) provided with a functional multilayer defining a deposition zone and comprising, in succession: a first electroconductive layer (1), (the one closest to the substrate); a first electrochemically active layer (2); an electrolyte layer (3); a second electrochemically active layer (4); and a second electroconductive layer (5), characterized in that the functional multilayer is deactivated, with the exception of the first electrochemically active layer (2), in at least a first, partial margination zone (A) located along at least one edge of said deposition zone.

Abstract: The present invention provides a display medium including: a pair of substrates at least one of which has transparency; supporting members which partition a space between the pair of substrates into plural cells along surfaces of the substrates; metal ions which are injected into the plural cells and are deposited as metal fine particles by an electric field generated in the cells; and plural electrodes that have two or more types of electrode regions having different areas and that are provided in each of the cells on at least one of the pair of substrates.