Abstract: Subsets of volume data are sequentially stored for volume rendering from two dimensional textures. For example, pairs of adjacent two-dimensional images are loaded into RAM or cache. Strips of texture data are interpolated for polygons extending between the two-dimensional images. The strips or polygons are more orthogonal to a viewing direction than the two-dimensional images. After interpolating texture data from the two-dimensional images for a plurality of non-coplanar polygons, the texture data is rendered. The rendered information represents one portion of the three dimensional representation. Other portions are rendered by repeating the process for other pairs or subset groups of adjacent two-dimensional images. A lower cost apparatus, such as a programmed computer or a GPU with a limited amount of memory, is able to render images for three dimensional representations of very large three-dimensional arrays. The images may be rendered without copying volume data for different main axes.

Abstract: Method and apparatus implementing and using techniques for processing a character for display on a raster output device having a resolution defined by a set of output pixel positions. A stem of the character is aligned to a best sub-pixel boundary. The character is rendered at a resolution higher than the resolution of the raster output device. The aligned character is downsampled to the raster output device resolution.

Abstract: To better realize the great potential of amateur digital photography, the present invention introduces an integrated system for the acquisition, organization, manipulation, and publication of digital images by amateur digital photography enthusiasts. The system of the present invention first acquires images from a number of different image sources. Images acquired in the same image importing session are marked as coming from the same conceptual film roll. Next, a user is empowered to organize and manipulate the acquired images. The images may be organized by tagging the images with informative keywords and grouping images together into conceptual photo albums. Furthermore, the images may be manipulated by rotating, cropping, and removing red-eye. Finally, the system of the present invention provides simple intuitive image publish systems.

Abstract: A video game apparatus functioning as a game image processing apparatus includes a CPU, and the CPU converts a resolution of a game image according to a game image processing program. A GPU draws an original game image on a frame buffer according to an instruction by the CPU. This is stored in a main memory as an original texture, and the original texture enlarged into double is drawn on the frame buffer. Next, when two texels adjacent to each other in a lower right direction and in an upper right direction have a same color, a semi-transparent texel in this color is drawn. Namely, a jaggy interpolation processing is applied.

Abstract: Sub-pixel rendering with gamma adjustment allows the luminance of the sub-pixel arrangement to match the non-linear gamma response of the human eye's luminance channel. For each of a subset of input sampled data indicating a region of an input image, a gamma-adjusted data value is generated for each input image data value in the subset using a local average of at least two input image data values. A sub-pixel rendering operation uses the subset of gamma-adjusted data values and the subset of input image data values to produce an output data value for each sub-pixel element on the display panel. A plurality of output data values collectively indicates an output image. The gamma adjustment allows the sub-pixel rendering to operate independently of the actual gamma of a display device. The sub-pixel rendering techniques with gamma adjustment may improve image contrast in high spatial frequency portions of an image.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for assigning color values to pixels based on object structure. For example, when rendering a writing system symbol on an electronic display, a non-color characteristic of the symbol can be measured and the measurement can be used to select a color value for a pixel associated with the symbol. Legibility of open and closed line-based graphical objects can be increased by inferring spatial depth and distance through application of a color assignment model.

Abstract: A method of operating spatial sampling filters comprises detecting subpixel rendered areas, turning on a first set of spatial sampling filters for the subpixel rendered areas in response to detecting said subpixel rendered areas, detecting non-subpixel rendered areas; and turning on a second set of spatial sampling filters for the non-subpixel rendered areas in response to detecting the non-subpixel rendered areas.

Abstract: A display system comprises a display panel substantially comprising a subpixel repeating group tiled across the panel in a regular pattern. The subpixel repeating group comprises at least one white subpixel and a plurality of colored subpixels. The display system further comprises input circuitry configured to receive input image data indicating an image for rendering on the display panel, and subpixel rendering circuitry configured to compute an output luminance value for each subpixel of said display panel. The subpixel rendering circuitry multiplies data values of a spatial portion of the input image data by at least one image filter kernel which comprises a matrix of coefficients arranged such that each coefficient represents a fractional part of one of said data values of said spatial portion of said input image data. The subpixel rendering circuitry is further configured to sharpen the output luminance values using a luminance signal.

Abstract: An image processing device adapted to correct a pixel value corresponding to a sub-pixel constituting a pixel includes a displacement amount storage section adapted to store a displacement amount of a display position of a display sub-pixel corresponding to the sub-pixel constituting a display pixel in a reference position in a display image plane, and a pixel value correction section adapted to correct the pixel value of the sub-pixel corresponding to the display sub-pixel at an end of the display image plane in accordance with the displacement amount stored in the displacement amount storage section.

Abstract: A pixel center position that is not covered by a primitive covering a portion of the pixel is displaced to lie within a fragment formed by the intersection of the primitive and the pixel. X,y coordinates of a pixel center are adjusted to displace the pixel center position to lie within the fragment, affecting actual texture map coordinates or barycentric weights. Alternatively, a centroid sub-pixel sample position is determined based on coverage data for the pixel and a multisample mode. The centroid sub-pixel sample position is used to compute pixel or sub-pixel parameters for the fragment.

Abstract: Novel three-color and four-color subpixel arrangements and architectures for display and the like are herein disclosed. Novel techniques for subpixel rendering on the above subpixel arrangements are also herein disclosed.

Abstract: A graphics system has a mode of operation in which real samples and virtual samples are generated for anti-aliasing pixels. Each virtual sample identifies a set of real samples associated with a common primitive that covers a virtual sample location within a pixel. The virtual samples provide additional coverage information that may be used to adjust the weights of real samples.

Abstract: Techniques for generating, storing and displaying graphics on computer systems are disclosed. The type of graphics in particular are images, where the image can be defined as a set of areas, whether these areas are lines, geometric shapes, letters or other types of areas. The effect of using these methods is that graphics, such as digital maps, can be handled faster, with more flexibility and with higher display quality, both for screen use and for printing.

Abstract: A graphics pipeline rasterizes primitives and generates a stream of groups of pixels, such as a stream of pixel quads. A tile coalesce unit received the stream of groups of pixels and generates pixel tiles for use by downstream pixel processing units. The pixel tiles facilitate hazard checks and transaction coherency.

Abstract: Embodiments of methods, apparatuses, devices, and/or systems for video processing, such as for hidden surface removal or reduction, are described.

Abstract: A method (2500) of converting a monotonic curve into edge information is disclosed. A method (2800A) of determining an integer edge crossing value, Xi, for a new edge crossed by a scanline (i.e., an inactive edge being crossed by the scanline for the first time) is also disclosed. Further, a method (2800B) of determining an integer edge crossing value, Xi, for an active edge crossed by a scanline, is also disclosed. The disclosed methods have general application in the representation of monotonic curves. The described methods allow monotonic curves to be accurately represented in terms of edges where the original curve can be reconstructed from the edges. Furthermore, the methods allow edge tracking to be performed such that any resulting error is restricted to a fixed-point division error. At transition points between adjoining segments, an original edge crossing point may be determined to avoid accumulated error.

Abstract: A polygon rendering system for receiving geometric data defining a polygon in an image being generated. The polygon rendering system renders the geometric data as pixel data. The pixel data defines pixels used to display the image. The system comprises a first memory buffer for storing the pixel data. It also comprises a second memory buffer for storing additional pixel data used to render edge pixels at a higher resolution than pixels that are not the edge pixels. Edge pixels are pixels that are located on an edge of the polygon in the image. The system also comprises a display controller for outputting the pixel data in the first memory buffer to output circuitry. The polygon rendering system identifies which of the pixels are the edge pixels and the display controller updates contents of the first buffer with data based on contents of the second buffer.

Abstract: Methods and computer readable media for generating displays of user-defined blocks of networking addresses on a map of an associated address space are provided. Each block of networking addresses is described in a user-defined table with a start address and a map size. The display for each block of network addresses may be rendered on the map at a location based on the relative position of the start address within the associated address space and of a size based on the mask size in relation to the associated address space.

Abstract: A display apparatus is designed to make a display corresponding to one pixel through the use of a plurality of rectangular display elements. The apparatus comprises a multi-gradation character generating unit for generating information on a multi-gradation character image obtained by gradating a character edge portion and an element display control unit for controlling a display state in a display unit on the basis of information on this multi-gradation character image so that the multi-gradation character image is displayed in a state where each of the rectangular display elements constituting the display unit is associated with one or more pixels, thus reducing the quantization error so that character display with high visibility is achievable in the case of display of highly fine characters.

Abstract: Hybrid sampling of pixels of an image involves generating shading values at multiple shading sample locations and generating depth values at multiple depth sample locations, with the number of depth sample locations exceeding the number of shading sample locations. Each shading sample location is associated with one or more of the depth sample locations. Generation and filtering of hybrid sampled pixel data can be done within a graphics processing system, transparent to an application that provides image data.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a sub-pixel rendering method includes receiving 3D image data associated with pixel intensity values of N two-dimensional images having multiple sets of corresponding pixels. Each set of corresponding pixels includes N pixels (one pixel from each of N images) and each pixel has a green sub-pixel, a red sub-pixel and a blue sub-pixel. The method further includes mapping, for each selected set, N green sub-pixels, N red sub-pixels and N blue sub-pixels to M sub-pixels on a display to form a stereogram of the scene. The above mapping includes mapping N green sub-pixels from N images to N green sub-pixels on the display, mapping N red sub-pixels from N images to L red sub-pixels on the display, and mapping N blue sub-pixels from N images to K blue sub-pixels on the display, where L does not exceed N and K is lower than N.

Abstract: A vehicle restraint system has a vision-based occupant classification system for control of airbag deployment during a crash scenario. The classification system utilizes two imaging sensors which together create a stream of paired images received and stored by an occupant classification controller. A computer program product of the controller utilizes the paired images to extract disparity/range features and stereo-vision differential edge density features. Moreover, the controller extracts wavelet features from one of the two paired images. All three features or maps are classified amongst preferably seven classifications by algorithms of the computer program product producing class confidence data fed to a sensor fusion engine of the controller for processing and output of an airbag control signal input into a restraint controller of the vehicle restraint system.

Abstract: A sampling pattern covering an array of pixels for use in an anti-aliasing system is disclosed where each pixel has a pattern of sample points at the edges of the pixel. Moreover is the sample point pattern of each pixel a mirror image and different from the pattern of a directly neighboring pixel.

Abstract: A system, method and apparatus to provide flexible texture filtering. A programmable texture filtering module is introduced into the graphics processing pipeline of a graphic coprocessor and graphic processor integrated with the host. A program from a defined instruction set may then be loaded into texture processing cores to process texture data consistent with the program.

Abstract: A character display apparatus is provided, which comprises a display device comprising a plurality of pixels, and a control section for controlling the display device. Each of the plurality of pixels comprises a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in a predetermined direction. A first pixel of the plurality of pixels comprises a plurality of first sub-pixels. At least one pixel neighboring the first pixel comprises a plurality of second sub-pixels. The control section determines an arrangement pattern containing a plurality of elements, in which a value of each of the plurality of elements is determined depending on whether or not a basic portion indicating a skeleton of a character is assigned to a corresponding sub-pixel of the plurality of the first and second sub-pixels. The control section determines a luminance level of the first pixel based on the arrangement pattern.

Abstract: A technique for the modification of sub-pixels to hide defects for defective sub-pixels.

Abstract: Subsets of volume data are sequentially stored for volume rendering from two dimensional textures. For example, pairs of adjacent two-dimensional images are loaded into RAM or cache. One or more strips of texture data are interpolated for polygons extending between the two-dimensional images. The strips or polygons are more orthogonal to a viewing direction than the two-dimensional images. After interpolating texture data from the two-dimensional images for a plurality of non-coplanar polygons, the texture data is rendered. The rendered information represents one portion of the three dimensional representation. Other portions are rendered by repeating the process for other pairs or subset groups of adjacent two-dimensional images. A lower cost apparatus, such as a programmed computer or a GPU with a limited amount of memory, is able to render images for three dimensional representations of very large three-dimensional arrays. The images may be rendered without copying volume data for different main axes.

Abstract: A system, apparatus, and method are disclosed for modifying positions of sample positions for selectably oversampling pixels to anti-alias non-geometric portions of computer-generated images, such as texture, at least in part, by shifting shading sample positions relative to a frame of reference. There is generally no relative motion between the geometries and the coverage sample positions. In one embodiment, an apparatus, such as a graphics pipeline and/or a general purpose graphics processing unit, anti-aliases geometries of a computer-generated object. The apparatus includes at least a texture unit and a pipeline front end unit to determine geometry coverage and a subpixel shifter to shift shading sample positions relative to the frame of reference. The apparatus can receive subpixel shifting masks to select subsets of shading sample positions. Each of the shading sample positions is shifted to a coverage sample position to reduce level of detail (“LOD”) artifacts.

Abstract: Anti-aliasing characters for improved display on an interlaced television monitor is described. In one implementation, an expanded character is generated by increasing a character's original dimensions. The expanded character includes multiple sub-blocks and each sub-block includes multiple pixels. The pixels of each sub-block are mapped to a single destination color that is based on specific numbers of foreground pixels in the sub-block and a particular number of gray levels used to represent the character. Subsequent to this mapping, the expanded character is scaled back to its original size.

Abstract: A pixel center position that is not covered by a primitive covering a portion of the pixel is displaced to lie within a fragment formed by the intersection of the primitive and the pixel. X,y coordinates of a pixel center are adjusted to displace the pixel center position to lie within the fragment, affecting actual texture map coordinates or barycentric weights. Alternatively, a centroid sub-pixel sample position is determined based on coverage data for the pixel and a multisample mode. The centroid sub-pixel sample position is used to compute pixel or sub-pixel parameters for the fragment.

Abstract: Method and apparatus, implementing and using techniques for processing a character for display on a raster output device having a resolution defined by a set of output pixel positions. A stem of the character is aligned to a best sub-pixel boundary. The character is rendered at a resolution higher than the resolution of the raster output device. The aligned character is downsampled to the raster output device resolution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device and method for processing pixel rasterization in 3-Dimensional graphic engine. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method of processing pixel rasterizaton in 3-Dimensional graphic engine comprises the steps of: receiving a plurality of fragment informations; verifying whether the coordinate of the fragment informations are adjacent to X axis or not; detecting depth values of old fragment; comparing the depth values of the old fragment; storing depth values of the newly inputted fragment after comparison; and storing color values, which are performed alpha blending, in a color cache. The apparatus for pixel rasterization processing in 3-Dimensional graphic engine includes a depth readout unit, a depth test unit, a depth entry unit, a color readout unit, an alpha blending unit, a color entry unit, a depth cache, a color cache and a frame memory.

Abstract: A method for determining intensity of a sub-pixel position within a pixelated image to enhance the image quality thereof. In a first step of this method information is received regarding a first pixel at a position X0,Y0, having an intensity I(X0,Y0). In a second step information is received regarding a second pixel at a position X1,Y0, where said second pixel is adjacent to and to the right of said first pixel. In third step, information is received regarding a third pixel at a position X0,Y1, where the third pixel is adjacent to and below the first pixel. In a fourth step information is received regarding a fourth pixel at a position X1,Y1, where the fourth pixel is adjacent to and to the right of the third pixel.

Abstract: Jittered sub-pixel samples are used to reduce aliasing during rendering in a graphics pipeline. Sub-pixel samples are jittered using programmed sub-pixel offset values, permitting an application to select not only the number of sub-pixel samples within a pixel, but also the position of each sub-pixel sample within the pixel.

Abstract: The present invention provides for improving image clarity through sub-pixel positioning of the image in a grid space based on pixel homogeneity scores. The pixel homogeneity scores indicating the uniformity of state for sub-pixels produced from an over-sampling of the pixels within the grid space. A representation of an image (or at least a portion thereof) is positioned at various sub-pixel locations with in the grid space, and pixel homogeneity scores are calculated for the various locations. Based on a comparison of the pixel homogeneity scores, a position to display the image is chosen such that image rendering is optimized or at least improved.

Abstract: Various imaging processing techniques are disclosed for displaying a pre-subpixel rendered image. The pre-subpixel rendered image can be transmitted directly to a display capable of displaying a subpixel rendered image. The pre-subpixel rendered image can also be stored for later transmission for output to the display. Additionally, the pre-subpixel rendered image can be embedded in an image data stream and later extracted and displayed. Furthermore, various techniques have been disclosed to embed and extract the pre-subpixel rendered image.

Abstract: A flat panel display system for an aircraft display includes a graphics rendering computer for rendering of anti-aliased graphical imaging data derived from aircraft sensors for full-field imaging on a cockpit display screen. A comparator processor independently generates, from the same sensor data, a selected subset or “points of light” of the display screen image and compares the points of light data to the data generated by the rendering computer for the same display screen pixel locations. The minimized processing requirements and simplified design of the comparator processor enable ready FAA certification of the comparator processor, whereas the extreme complexity and processing operations required of the rendering computer make FAA certification thereof unusually time consuming and expensive.

Abstract: A computer-implemented simulated emboldening mechanism for emboldening an input overscaled bitmap to generate an emboldened overscaled bitmap. The simulated emboldening adjusts the number of subpixels to turn on in the direction of emboldening taking into account contextual information regarding surrounding subpixels. Since the emboldening works directly from an overscaled bitmap, and takes such contextual information into account, legibility and readability of the resulting emboldened character is enhanced.

Abstract: A system for reducing crosstalk for a display.

Abstract: A graphics system has a mode of operation in which real samples and virtual samples are generated for anti-aliasing pixels. Each virtual sample identifies a set of real samples associated with a common primitive that covers a virtual sample location within a pixel. The virtual samples provide additional coverage information that may be used to adjust the weights of real samples.

Abstract: A display apparatus (1) comprises a display device (10) and a control section (40) for displaying characters by using sub-pixel rendering. Each character is displayed in a frame having a predetermined size. The control section (40) has a skeleton portion shifting section (41a) which shifts a center of a skeleton portion of a character toward a center of the frame using sub-pixel precision.

Abstract: The invention relates to a display and an image data processing system. According to the arrangement of the display, two color dots having lower light intensity than the other two color dots in a white balance status are disposed on diagonal positions of the pixel group. Therefore, the display of the invention can improve the color balance in the pixel group to avoid visible dark vertical line. The image data processing system of the invention utilizes the weighted dot rendering device for pre-compressing data. We can expect that the video compressed data size or the video transmission speed is reduced accordingly to a ratio of ? (¼ in the case of RGBW of 2×2 matrix arrangement because white (W) can be regenerated from the corresponding R, G, B), thus storage memory and transmission bandwidth can be reduced considerably without degrading the visual perception of the video quality on the proprietary VP display.

Abstract: A system and method for aligning an input signal (24) synchronized to a first clock signal (22) with a second clock signal (26) The invention includes a mechanism (106) for generating a third clock signal (354) and an arrangement (352) for loading the input signal (24) in accordance with the third clock signal (354) and reading out an output signal in accordance with the second clock signal (26). In an illustrative embodiment, the invention is used in a sensor system (350) to align detector input data (24), which is synchronized to a data-capture clock (22), with a signal-processing clock (26). The register (352) acts as a data path transitioning stage between the actual time the input data is sampled and the time a processing system (102) clocks in the sampled data.

Abstract: A polygon rendering system for receiving geometric data defining a polygon in an image being generated. The polygon rendering system renders the geometric data as pixel data. The pixel data defines pixels used to display the image. The system comprises a first memory buffer for storing the pixel data. It also comprises a second memory buffer for storing additional pixel data used to render edge pixels at a higher resolution than pixels that are not the edge pixels. Edge pixels are pixels that are located on an edge of the polygon in the image. The system also comprises a display controller for outputting the pixel data in the first memory buffer to output circuitry. The polygon rendering system identifies which of the pixels are the edge pixels and the display controller updates contents of the first buffer with data based on contents of the second buffer.

Abstract: The present application discloses several methods, techniques and systems for rendering source image data onto high brightness subpixel arrangements—for example, RGBW display panels. Additionally, these techniques have application for rendering data onto 3-color displays as well.

Abstract: A method for processing a digital signal to enhance the resolution is disclosed. An embodiment provides for a method of processing an image for display on a display having sub-pixel display capability. The method first maps a plurality sub-pixels of the display to corresponding regions of the image. Each sub-pixel may be mapped to a unique region of the image. Next, the method accesses the image, which was sampled to have a higher spatial resolution than the spatial resolution of the display. Then, for each sub-pixel of the display, the method calculates an intensity value for one color of a plurality of colors in the image. The calculation may be based on the intensity of that color alone. Finally, the method causes the sub-pixels on the output display to display the colors in proportion to the calculated intensities.

Abstract: Antialiased lines are classified according to their orientation, e.g. as x-major or y-major depending whether the x or y extent of the line is larger. Different subpixel sampling patterns are used for different lines, in accordance with this classification. This permits antialiased rendering to achieve increased visual quality of the line without adding in more sample points.

Abstract: A main CPU extracts a contour and a contour candidate, which are visually important parts of an image to be rendered, according to, for example, polygon data representing an image of one frame. Further, a GPU performs rendering on data stored in a graphic memory according to the polygon data representing the image. Moreover, the GPU performs antialiasing on the contour and contour candidate extracted by the main CPU. Then, the GPU overwrites data representing the antialiased contour and contour candidate onto the data representing the image stored in the graphic memory.

Abstract: Techniques for generating, storing and displaying graphics on computer systems are disclosed. The type of graphics in particular are images, where the image can be defined as a set of areas, whether these areas are lines, geometric shapes, letters or other types of areas. The effect of using these methods is that graphics, such as digital maps, can be handled faster, with more flexibility and with higher display quality, both for screen use and for printing.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for rendering a color image on a delta-structured display are provided. The method for rendering a color image on a display apparatus in which a pixel expressing an input image is formed with delta-structured sub-pixels, the method comprising: (a) forming a scaling filter which is used to make the resolution of the input image correspond to the resolution of the display apparatus; (b) obtaining a representative value of a sub-pixel of the display apparatus corresponding to a consideration area which is an area processed by the scaling filter in the input image; (c) obtaining the value of the sub-pixel based on the difference of pixels in the consideration area in the input image; (d) performing gamma correction of the sub-pixel value so that the sub-pixel is appropriate to the display apparatus; and (e) rendering the gamma-adjusted sub-pixel value on the display apparatus.