Abstract: A pixel driving circuit with threshold voltage and EL power compensation. The pixel circuit includes a storage capacitor, a transferring circuit, a driving element, and a switching circuit. The transferring circuit transfers a data signal or a variable reference signal to a first node of the storage capacitor. The driving element has a first terminal coupled to a first fixed potential and a second terminal coupled to a second node of the storage capacitor. The switching circuit is coupled to a third terminal of the driving element and the second node of the storage capacitor. The switching circuit can be controlled to make the driving element diode-connected in one time period and allowing a driving current to be output to a display element in another time period.

Abstract: In order to carry out information transmission/reception intuitively and easily, a black-and-white pattern of a symbol representative of data of an image is switched every scan timing of one frame of a display unit and is displayed continuously only during a period displaying whole data of the image. In an information processing terminal, the data of the image is acquired in accordance with the symbol read by a reader/writer. To the contrary, in a case of transmitting data from the information processing terminal to a display apparatus, a symbol representative of data to be transmitted is output from the reader/writer to be read by a read area formed at a predetermined position of the display unit. In the display apparatus, data is acquired in accordance with the read symbol. The present invention may be applied to various information processing apparatuses including a personal computer, PDA, a television receiver.

Abstract: In order to carry out information transmission/reception intuitively and easily, a black-and-white pattern of a symbol representative of data of an image is switched every scan timing of one frame of a display unit and is displayed continuously only during a period displaying whole data of the image. In an information processing terminal, the data of the image is acquired in accordance with the symbol read by a reader/writer. To the contrary, in a case of transmitting data from the information processing terminal to a display apparatus, a symbol representative of data to be transmitted is output from the reader/writer to be read by a read area formed at a predetermined position of the display unit. In the display apparatus, data is acquired in accordance with the read symbol. The present invention may be applied to various information processing apparatuses including a personal computer, PDA, a television receiver.

Abstract: In an active matrix electroluminescent display device a storage capacitor (24) is provided in each pixel for storing a voltage to be used for addressing a drive transistor (22) which controls the illumination of the electroluminescent display element (20). A discharge photosensitive element (34) is provided for discharging the charge storage capacitor in dependence on the display element's light output. A further photosensitive element (40) is provided so as to cancel photocurrents produced in the discharge photosensitive element (34) as a result of light input to the discharge photosensitive element other than from the pixel's display element (20), the further photosensitive element being shielded (44) from light emitted by the display element while being exposed to light from other directions. Irregularities in the display output due to the effects of the unwanted light inputs to the discharge photosensitive elements are then avoided.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a substrate, a plurality of pixel electrodes which are arrayed on a side of one surface of the substrate, EL layers each of which is formed on a corresponding one of the pixel electrodes, and an counter electrode which is formed on the EL layers. An auxiliary electrode is electrically connected to the counter electrode and overlaps portions between the pixel electrodes.

Abstract: A multi-level optical writer for writing an image by illumination to an optical-write-type recording medium laid with a display layer having a memory nature and a photoconductive layer, the optical writer includes: a holding portion holding the optical-write-type recording medium; and a write section for writing a multi-level image to the display layer by illuminating, to the photoconductive layer, image light having optical dots different in size in accordance with a gray level.

Abstract: To provide a technology for preventing effect of precharging from becoming nonuniform when the threshold voltage of a driving transistor included in a current drive type pixel circuit is nonuniform. In the technology, before setting the internal state of each of current drive type pixel circuits, provided to corresponded to intersections of a plurality of data lines and a plurality of scanning lines, in accordance with light emission grayscales, precharge voltages as voltages to be applied to the data lines are specified. A predetermined current is supplied to the current drive type pixel circuits via the data lines. A precharge voltage is specified in accordance with voltages appearing in the data lines after the predetermined current is supplied.

Abstract: A display unit comprising electro-wetting pixels (1300) is provided. The inventive pixels (1300) provide bistable or multi-stable pixel states and thus facilitates passive matrix addressing. For this purpose an additional electrode (1305) is arranged for each multi-stable state. Consequently, each pixel comprises one counter electrode (1306) and at least one pair of address and retain electrodes (1304, 1305). In order to activate a pixel, an address potential is applied to the address and retain electrodes (1304, 1305) in relation to the counter electrode (1306), and in order to deactivate a pixel the potential is removed. In order to retain a current pixel state a retain potential is applied to only the retain electrode (1305) in relation to the counter electrode (1306); the current pixel state, be it active or passive, will then be preserved and the retain potential configuration thus provides a bistable pixel state.

Abstract: Laser display systems using at least one scanning laser beam to excite one or more fluorescent materials on a screen which emit light to form images. The fluorescent materials may include phosphor materials.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent display device includes scanning lines, signal lines, and pixels formed in a matrix, each pixel being at an intersection of each of the scanning lines and each of the signal lines. Each pixel includes a light-emitting element, a light-emitting circuit composed of a thin-film transistor, and a light-receiving circuit composed of a thin-film transistor. When the light-emitting circuit is selected by the scanning line, the light-emitting circuit drives the light-emitting element according to a video signal that is input from the signal line, thereby displaying an image on the pixels formed in the matrix. The light-receiving circuit is selected in a period of time during which the light-emitting circuit does not operate, and outputs a light-receiving signal in accordance with the amount of light incident on the pixel to a different signal line.

Abstract: A three terminal electrical bistable device that includes a tri-layer composed of an electrically conductive mixed layer sandwiched between two layers of low conductivity organic material that is interposed between a top electrode and a bottom electrode. The conducting mixed layer serves as the middle electrode. The device includes two memory cells composed of electrode/organic layer/mixed layer, where the interfaces between the electrically conductive mixed layer and the low conductivity organic layer exhibit bistable behavior.

Abstract: A lightweight, thin, small size semiconductor device is provided. A pixel has a display portion, and a light receiving portion comprising a photodiode. A transistor is used with the semiconductor device for controlling the operation of the display portion and the light receiving portion.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes signal lines to each of which a current is supplied to obtain an arbitrary current value, optical elements each optical behaving in accordance with the current value of the current flowing via the signal line, and a stationary voltage supply circuit for supplying a stationary voltage for setting the current value of the current flowing through the signal line to be stationary through the signal line.

Abstract: A plurality of pairs of switch parts and current source circuits are disposed in each pixel. Switching of each of a plurality of the switch parts is controlled by a digital video signal. When the switch part is turned on, by a current supplied from the current source circuit making a pair with the switch part, the light emitting element emits light. A current which is supplied from one current source circuit to the light emitting element is constant. A value of a current flowing through the light emitting element is comparable to a value of added currents which are supplied to the light emitting element from respective all current source circuits making pairs with the switch parts which are in the conductive states.

Abstract: An ambient light processing system for controlling a display device by sensing ambient light and a method using the system. The ambient light processing system includes a photo-detector, an amplification unit, an analog-to-digital converter and a controller. The photo-detector outputs a sensed signal corresponding to the luminous intensity of the ambient light. The amplification unit amplifies the sensed signal with a high amplification factor to output a first amplified signal and amplifies the sensed signal with a low amplification factor to output a second amplified signal. The analog-to-digital converter respectively converts the first amplified signal and the second amplified signal into a first digital signal and a second digital signal. The controller outputs a first control signal and a second control signal for controlling the display device in response to the first digital signal and the second digital signal.

Abstract: A highly reliable display apparatus, a highly reliable communication system, and a highly reliable communication method capable of performing delivery of high capacity information surely are provided. A display apparatus and an input and output terminal respectively include a light-receiving-emitting section capable of displaying moving pictures and receiving light. The input and output terminal sequentially displays each symbol composing a two-dimensional dynamic code on the light-receiving-emitting section. The display apparatus reads each symbol by the light-receiving-emitting section, acquires symbol-transmission-receiving-status information based on the read symbol, determines display conditions based on the symbol-transmission-receiving-status information, and then displays each symbol of the two-dimensional dynamic code based on the display conditions.

Abstract: In an active matrix display, each pixel has a storage capacitor for storing a voltage to be used for addressing a drive transistor. A discharge transistor is provided for discharging the storage capacitor thereby to switch off the drive transistor. The timing of this is controlled by a light-dependent device which is illuminated by the display element. The drive transistor is controlled to provide a constant light output from the display element, and the duration is controlled in dependence on the data voltage. Optical feedback is used to alter further the timing of operation of the discharge transistor to provide ageing compensation of the display element and compensation for changes in the drive transistor.

Abstract: A driver circuit for driving optical elements which is applied to a pixel driver circuit of the display device in this invention comprises a first current path with one end connected to the optical elements and the other end connected to a drive power supply; a second current path electrically connected to the first current path; a write-in control circuit which flows the write-in current having a predetermined current value in the direction of the other end side from the one end side of the first current path via the second current path; a charge storage circuit which stores the electric charge accompanying the write-in current flowing in the first current path; a drive control circuit which supplies the drive current to the optical elements via the first current path has a current value corresponding to the current value of the write-in current and drives these optical elements based on the electric charge stored in the charge storage circuit; and has a first timing operation in which the electric charge of

Abstract: An optically addressable display of a preferred embodiment uses emissions having plural polarizations to define a corresponding number of color channels. A data encoder applies data for each of the color channels to corresponding ones of the plural polarizations. The display also includes plurality of pixels for producing a color display. There is a plurality of receptors including at least one receptor for each pixel. The receptors activate pixels depending upon which, if any, of the plural polarizations is received.

Abstract: Laser display systems using at least one scanning laser beam to excite one or more fluorescent materials on a screen which emit light to form images. The fluorescent materials may include phosphor materials.

Abstract: Provided is a method for driving an electroluminescence display panel in which data electrode lines and scan electrode lines cross each other with predetermined gaps to form electroluminescence cells in the crossing areas. The method includes performing a preliminary charging stage in which the signal input terminals of the data electrode lines are switched and electrically disconnected from a data driving unit, and the other terminals of the data electrode lines are switched and electrically connected to one another in the initial stage of each parallel driving period. The preliminary charging stage is performed in the following parallel driving period when the data of the present parallel driving period and the data of the following parallel driving period are different.

Abstract: Display driver circuitry for electro-optic displays, in particular active matrix displays using organic light emitting diodes. The circuitry includes a driver to drive an electro-optic element in accordance with a drive voltage, a photosensitive device optically coupled to the electro-optic display element to pass a current dependent upon illumination reaching the photosensitive device, a first control device coupled between the photosensitive device and a data line and responsive to a first control signal on a first control line to couple the photosensitive device to the data line, and a second control device coupled between the photosensitive device and the driver and responsive to a second control signal on a second control line to couple the photosensitive device to the driver. The circuit can be operated in a number of different modes and provides flexible control of an electro-display element such as an organic LED pixel.

Abstract: To suppress an off leak current of a switching element arranged along a data line to control degradation of tonal gradation in an arrangement in which an organic electro-luminescent element OLED is driven using a current programming method, a first switching element is set to be in a non-conductive state and a second switching element is set to be in a conductive state during a normal mode. During a test mode, the first switching element is set to be in a conductive state while the second switching element is set to be in a non-conductive state.

Abstract: An organic EL display device for compensating for a reduction of the voltage between the gate and source of a driving transistor occurring due to a voltage drop of the source voltage caused by the resistance component of a power source line, and a method for driving the organic EL display device. The organic EL display device has a data driver for receiving digital image data and applying the digital image data and a data voltage corresponding to the position of a pixel circuit. The data driver outputs different data voltages depending on the position of the pixel circuit even when the same digital image data are received. When the driving transistor is a P-type transistor, the data driver applies a higher data voltage to a pixel circuit that is closer to an external voltage source than that applied to a farther one even when the same digital data are received.

Abstract: A digital display panel accepts pixel information according to their row-column coordinates. Each pixel can be individually written and read back, much like a random access memory (RAM). A pixel array self-refreshes, and can retain and display each image frame long after the original writing, like a dynamic random access memory (DRAM). Each pixel is instrumented with a transducer to sense pressure, temperature, light, strain, etc., and provide sensor read-out data that is addressable by row-column coordinates. Such is very useful in touchscreen applications. The transducers and their corresponding pixels each have a special relationship, the transducers can directly manipulate a visual quality of the pixel through a direct connection, without intervention or assistance by a host processor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a display apparatus including: a display panel having a display function and a light-receiving/imaging function; a first image processing section configured to generate a detection signal that indicates whether a to-be-detected object has been detected based on a result of first image processing performed on an image taken by the light-receiving/imaging function; a second image processing section configured to perform second image processing on the image processed by the first image processing section, the second image processing having a heavier processing load than the first image processing; and a control section configured to control an operation of the second image processing section in accordance with the detection signal generated by the first image processing section, and, when it is determined that the processing by the second image processing section is not necessary, control the second image processing section to enter a sleep state.

Abstract: A capacitor is disposed between a gate of driving transistor of which conduction state correspond to a driving current supplied to a driven element. The gate voltage of the gate of the driving transistor is set by supplying a data current to the driving transistor or a compensating transistor for the driving transistor.

Abstract: A laser projection device (LPD) suitable for displaying color images is disclosed. The LPD is used to excite various photoluminescent materials located on a display screen so as to produce multi-color displays. Additionally, the screen may be movably mounted so as to reduce laser speckling.

Abstract: A display for an electronic device may be calibrated and corrected for pixel-to-pixel variations in intensity. Radiation-sensing elements used for the calibration are not incorporated as circuit elements within the pixel circuits and may lie outside the pixels. Waveguides, reflectors, or the like may be used to optically couple the radiation-emitting elements of the pixels to the radiation-sensing elements. The radiation-sensing elements may be part of an apparatus separate from the electronic device or may be embedded within the electronic device. Many different methodologies may be used for correcting intensities to achieve better homogeneity in intensity among the pixels within a display.

Abstract: A communication method performed between a display apparatus having a display screen capable of displaying moving pictures and a light receiving apparatus having a light receiving means capable of receiving light by using a two-dimensional dynamic code which is a two-dimensional code changing along the time axis, includes the steps of: configuring the two-dimensional dynamic code so as to include a plurality of symbols, the symbols including a data symbol which is a two-dimensional code expressed with a format for data transmission, and an anchor symbol which is a two-dimensional code expressed with a format for anchor transmission; and displaying the data symbol on the display screen in the display apparatus, along the time axis, while displaying the anchor symbol on the display screen every time the data symbol is displayed once or a plurality of times.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for optically addressing and driving a luminescent display. The method includes providing at least one light ray to a first location on a first surface of a waveguide at a first angle relative to the first surface such that said at least one light ray emerges from a second location on a second surface of the waveguide proximate at least one pixel. The second location is determined based on the first angle.

Abstract: A method of measuring luminance of an image display apparatus, a method of manufacturing the same, and a method and an apparatus for adjusting characteristics of the same, in which accuracy of measurement is improved while reducing time for measuring luminance of a pixel are provided. A plurality of devices that are not adjacent to each other (for example the devices of the same color out of R, G, and B) are selected and illuminated simultaneously, and luminance is measured for each of them. Based on measured luminance, the electron-emitting characteristics of the respective electron-emitting device as are adjusted based on measured luminance.

Abstract: A display element is configured as follows in order to prolong the display lifetime of an electro-optical element without inserting a resistance element or lowering the numerical aperture due to a change in layout. The display element includes an organic EL element, which is an electro-optical element, a power source line electrode, a scanning signal line electrode, a data signal line electrode, a common electrode, an auxiliary capacitance, a current control TFT for controlling the current flowing through the organic EL element, and a data voltage control TFT for controlling the timing at which current flows through the organic EL element. The conductive resistance of the current control TFT is set such that 0.1???7.0, where ?(=Vr/Vel) is a ratio of a voltage Vr applied across the current control TFT to a voltage Vel applied across the organic EL element. Thus, the speed of the temporal change of the luminance of the organic EL element is slowed down, and the display lifetime is prolonged.

Abstract: A system and/or method for controlling a display array without the use of row and column drivers. The display elements within the system are configured to maintain an active address signal in response to a received signal containing serially encoded display settings. Each display element is loaded with an address of where it is located within the array. The display elements then extract the display information from the signal upon matching the address, wherein they output the correct display setting for their position within the array. An optical programming method is described for setting the address of the display elements in-situ.

Abstract: An OLED display and photo-sensor is described, comprising: a substrate; a composite light sensor made up of a plurality of individual thin-film light sensitive elements located over the substrate and connected in parallel to provide a common signal; a first transparent electrode located over the composite light sensor; one or more organic layers comprising an OLED located on the transparent electrode and emitting light through the transparent electrode and to the composite light sensor; and a second electrode located on the one or more organic layers comprising an OLED. The OLED display device provides a means to measure the light output of the OLED display device while maximizing the light output and is useful in measuring incident ambient illumination.

Abstract: A method for driving a self-scanning light-emitting element array is provided in which two light-emitting elements may be illuminated simultaneously in one chip. In a self-scanning light-emitting element array including a transfer element array and light-emitting element array, a magnitude of the write signal for illuminating adjacent two light-emitting elements simultaneously is two times that of the write signal for illuminating one light-emitting element. The self-scanning light-emitting element array is composed of a plurality of self-scanning light-emitting element array chips arranged in a linear manner, and the two-phase clock pulses are applied commonly to the plurality of self-scanning light-emitting element array chips.

Abstract: An electrooptical apparatus includes a plurality of scanning lines, a plurality of signal lines, and electrooptical devices, each being placed at an intersection of each of the scanning lines and each of the signal lines. The electrooptical apparatus is driven according to the amount of drive current supplied to the electrooptical devices. The electrooptical apparatus includes a brightness detection unit to detect the brightness of the electrooptical devices, and a drive current amount adjusting unit to adjust the amount of drive current based on the detected brightness result obtained by the brightness detection unit in order to correct for the brightness of the electrooptical devices.

Abstract: A characteristic of a driving transistor which drives a diode is made to differ in terms of current driving capability from that of a switching transistor. The current driving capability of the driving transistor is made lower than that of the switching transistor.

Abstract: A light source unit includes a light source having LED chips for emitting different colors of light and an optical sensor for detecting light from a light mixer. A light source control section controls by feedback control luminance of each of the LED chips according to values detected by the optical sensor. The light source unit also includes a temperature control section for controlling the temperature of the light source. The temperature control section is a feedback control system. Keeping the light source at a constant temperature allows suppressing spectrum changes of the LED chips with temperature, thereby suppressing changes in the luminance and chromaticity of the light source unit.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device employing an overshooting driving method is provided which is capable of reducing memory capacity of a frame memory used to delay input data. The above liquid crystal display device for displaying an image using a liquid crystal panel includes a data converting table to generate output gray-scale data obtained by thinning out input gray-scale data to reduce a number of bits of input gray-scale data, a frame memory to generate second input gray-scale data by delaying output gray-scale data in a data converting table by one frame image display period in a liquid crystal panel and a look-up table to generate an overshooting gray-scale output being in advance stored according to a relation in size between the first input gray-scale data and the second input gray-scale data, wherein image display is performed by an overshooting gray-scale output in a liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus and method disclosed herein allows information to be communicated intuitively and readily. The information processing apparatus including, production element for producing a plurality of first graphic images representative of output data to be outputted to a different information processing apparatus; display element for successively displaying the first graphic images produced by the production element; detection element for detecting a plurality of second graphic images representative of input data inputted from the different information processing apparatus in response to successive display of the second graphic images on the different information processing apparatus; and acquisition element for acquiring the input data based on the second graphic images detected by the detection element.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method for providing position feedback for a device includes providing a photointerrupter having a light-emitting diode, a phototransistor, and an aperture between the light-emitting diode and the phototransistor. For a given size aperture, a current through the phototransistor is a function of a current through the light-emitting diode. The method also includes controlling the current through the light-emitting diode current such that a change in the effective aperture size results in a desired approximately proportional change in current through the phototransistor. While controlling the current through the light-emitting diode, a portion of the aperture is blocked by an arm that has a position indicative of the position of the device. The method also includes providing a signal indicative of the change in current through the photodiode as an indication of the change in position of the device.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electronic circuit that can achieve adequate display quality by a small amount of electrical power, an electro-optical device, a method for driving the electro-optical device, and an electronic apparatus. A drive current corresponding to a digital-data voltage or an analog-data voltage transmitted via a data line can be transmitted to an organic EL element of a pixel circuit provided corresponding to the intersection of a scan line and the data line. The digital-data voltage can be transmitted to the pixel circuit so as to control gray scale by digital-gray-scale modulation for decreasing power consumption. Further, the analog-data voltage can be transmitted to the pixel circuit so as to control the gray scale by analog-gray-scale modulation for increasing the display quality.

Abstract: To effectively check a plurality of unit circuits, each including an electro-optical element and a control circuit. Each unit circuit U includes an OLED element and a control circuit for controlling operation of the OLED element. A check signal for tentatively driving the OLED element is input to a check terminal TPa1. A switching element is connected to a check unit circuit Ut, located at a corner of an effective region A, of the plurality of unit circuits U. The switching element is changed from an on state where the OLED element in the check unit circuit Ut is electrically isolated from the check terminal TPa1 to an off state where the OLED element in the check unit circuit Ut is electrically connected to the check terminal TPa1.

Abstract: A modulator includes a modulation circuit for generating modulation signals based on inputted luminance data and for outputting the modulation signals to a plurality of image display elements, each of which is driven by a potential difference between a selection potential applied within a predetermined time period by a selection circuit and the modulation signal. The modulation signal has a waveform which is a combination of a plurality of unit pulses, with the unit pulses having an identical width and n kinds of peak values A1 to An, with n being an integer greater than 1, and A1<. . . <An. Additionally, the unit pulses are combined in such a way that maximal peak value portions of the waveform of the modulation signal are dispersed, and that a rising portion and a falling portion of the waveform have a stair-step-like shape.

Abstract: To provide an electro-optical device and an electronic apparatus capable of maintaining the display quality by preventing brightness unevenness without widening a frame in a mounting terminal portion connection portions connecting to a fourth power source bus line are provided in two places. Driving current is supplied from the connection portions to the fourth power source bus line. The width of the fourth power source bus line is smaller than that of the width of a power source bus line supplying driving current from one place of the mounting terminal portion.

Abstract: A display device includes signal lines, scanning lines, pixel switches, display pixels, and a signal line driving circuit which supplies analog video signals to the signal lines. Each of the display pixels comprises one of three types of luminescent element, the three types of luminescent element being arrayed in a scanning line direction. The driving circuit includes a conversion circuit which is arranged to divide the signal lines into signal line blocks each having a predetermined number of signal lines, converts an external digital signal for each signal line block by means of a digital-to-analog converter into an analog signal based on gradation reference voltage groups corresponding to the type, and serially outputs the analog signal as the analog video signal, and a signal line selection circuit which sequentially distributes the analog video signal to related signal lines of the signal line block.

Abstract: A display device includes plural red, green, and blue pixels provided with current-driven type red-, green-, and blue-light-emitting elements, respectively. A method of driving the display device includes writing a video signal voltage into each of the pixels in a state in which all the light-emitting elements cease to emit light during a first portion of one frame period at a beginning thereof, and then operating a respective one of the light-emitting elements to emit light during at least one portion of the one frame period succeeding the first portion. Each of the at least one portion of the one frame period is determined by light emission characteristics of the respective one of the light-emitting elements, and also is determined by the video signal voltage of the respective one of the pixels.

Abstract: A compact flat panel color calibration system includes a lens prism optic able to pass a narrow, perpendicular, and uniform cone angle of incoming light to a spectrally non-selective photodetector. The calibration system also includes a microprocessor operable to determine the luminance of the display based upon the information gathered by the photodetector. A software module included in the calibration system is then operable to process the luminance information in order to adjust the flat panel display.

Abstract: An electronic circuit that can be used, for example, in a spatial light modulator to photolithographically transfer an image onto a substrate, includes angled strobe lines electrically coupled to respective sets of circuit elements within an array of circuit elements. Each set of circuit elements includes at least two circuit elements positioned diagonally adjacent one another in the array. The circuit elements are alterable in response to data stored therein. The strobe lines provide strobe signals to the circuit elements to shift the data between the circuit elements.