Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a scaler module, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) module, a buffer, a backlight module and a LCD module. The FPGA module includes a regional peak detector, a backlight control unit and a pixel value control unit. The regional peak detector is configured for detecting a maximum pixel value of each image region of each image. The backlight control unit is configured for selectively adjusting the backlight brightness of one or more image regions of each image. The pixel value control unit is configured for adjusting pixel values of the one or more image regions of each image by shifting binary pixel values to compensate for the influence of backlight adjustment. A method for adjusting backlight brightness of a liquid crystal display is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nematic liquid crystal display having two stable states, without an electric field, obtained by anchoring break, characterized in that it comprises two polarizers (10, 40), one (10) of which is placed on the observer side, the other (40) being placed on the opposite side of the liquid crystal cell whereby the latter is at least partially reflecting in order to define a reflective mode or transflective mode. The orientation of the two polarizers (10, 40) is offset by a value which is equal to the rotatory power of the cell at approximately +/?30°.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes first and second aligning films which are respectively arranged on first and second substrates. A liquid crystal layer is provided between the first and the second aligning films. A first polarizing plate is arranged on an opposite side of the first substrate. A second polarizing plate is arranged on an opposite side of the second substrate. A viewing angle compensating film formed of at least one discotic liquid crystal, which the compensating film being arranged in at least one of a part between the first polarizing plate and the first substrate and a part between the second polarizing plate and the second substrate. At least one retardation plate is arranged in at least one of a part between the first polarizing plate and the first substrate and a part between the second polarizing plate and the second substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display having improved retardation plate is described. In the liquid crystal display, at least one of two panel plates has a polarizer placed on an outer side which is opposite to a liquid crystal layer and a quarter wavelength retardation plate between a substrate glass and the polarizer. The quarter wavelength retardation plate is composed of two retardation films including a half wavelength and a quarter wavelength retardation film. A slow axis of a half ? film which is adjacent to the polarizer makes an angle of ?1 with a transmissive axis of the polarizer and that of a quarter ? film which is adjacent to the substrate glass makes an angle of ?2 where ?2=2×?1±45 degree. The retardation films are single-axial films. The specific angle ?1 is one of degree values (15, 75, 105, and 165).

Abstract: This invention relates to a transflective liquid crystal display device (11, 21), comprising a plurality of pixels, each comprising a liquid crystal layer (12, 22), being sandwiched between front and back electrode means (13, 23; 14, 24) as well as front and back polarizer means (17a, 27a; 17b, 27b). Said display device is characterized in that an optical ?/4 layer (16a, 26a) at least partly is arranged between said front polarizer (17a, 27a) and said liquid crystal layer (12, 22), and said liquid crystal layer (12, 22) is a liquid crystal layer having a twist angle essentially within a range ±80-100°, such as 90°. The invention further relates to methods for generating a quarterwave foil for use in a liquid crystal display as defined above.

Abstract: An IPS-LCD, in which the direction of an optical axis and retardation values are adjusted according to the disposition of a phase retardation film replacing one protective film, obtains a contrast ratio similar to that of an IPS-LCD having upper and lower protective films, and has a small thickness. The IPS-LCD includes first and second polarizing plates (1, 2), an IPS panel (3), and a first protective film. Absorption axes (4, 5) of the first and second polarizing plates (1, 2) are orthogonal to each other, and an optical axis of a liquid crystal in the IPS panel (3) and the absorption axis (4) are parallel with each other. A second phase retardation film, obtained by coating a biaxial film (17) with a uniaxial C film (11), is disposed between the second polarizing plate (2) and the IPS panel (3) and is used as a second protective film.

Abstract: Provided is a retardation film comprising a polymer film, and, disposed thereon, an optically-anisotropic layer, of which thickness is equal to or less than 5 ?m, of which in-plane retardation at a wavelength of 550 nm, Re(550), is from 0 to 10 nm, and of which thickness-direction retardation at the same wavelength, Rth(550), is from 250 to 450 nm; and satisfying the following formula: 1.00?Rth(450)/Rth(550)?1.07 or 1.04?Rth(450)/Rth(550)?1.09.

Abstract: The invention relates to a negative birefringent retardation film comprising polymerised liquid crystal (LC) material with helically twisted structure and planar orientation, its use in compensators and electrooptical displays like liquid crystal displays, and to compensators and liquid crystal displays comprising such a negative retardation film.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display comprises a first substrate 2 including a first pixel electrode 12a and a second pixel electrode 12b, a second substrate 4 with an opposed electrode 22 formed on, and a liquid crystal layer 6 sealed between the first substrate 2 and the second substrate 4. The thickness d1 of the liquid crystal layer 6 on the first pixel electrode 12a in the first pixel region 8R, 8G is larger than the thickness d2 of the liquid crystal layer 6 on the second pixel electrode 12b in the second pixel region 8B. The first pixel region 8R, 8G includes a first partial region 11a, and a second partial region 13a where the threshold voltage is higher than in the first partial region 11a. The second pixel region 8B includes a third partial region 11b, and a fourth partial region 13b where the threshold voltage is higher than in the third partial region 11b.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal device includes a reflecting electrode (14) provided on the liquid crystal side of a first substrate (10), and a first retardation plate (106), a second retardation plate (116) and a polarizer (105), which are provided on the side of a second substrate (20), which is opposite to the liquid crystal side thereof. The twist angle and ?nd of the liquid crystal are 230 to 260 degrees and 0.70 ?m to 0.85 ?m, respectively. ?nd of the first retardation plate is 150±50 nm, and ?nd of the second retardation plate is 610±60 nm. The angle formed by the transmission axis or absorption axis of the polarizer and the optical axis of the second retardation plate is 10 to 35 degrees, and the angle formed by the optical axis of the first retardation plate and the optical axis of the second retardation plate is 30 to 60 degrees. As a result, a bright image display having high contrast can be obtained.

Abstract: A novel liquid crystal display device is disclosed. The device comprises two polarizer films, a liquid crystal cell disposed between these two polarizer films wherein liquid-crystalline molecules are oriented substantially normal to the substrates under non-operative state in the absence of applied external electric field; at least one layer of a first optically-anisotropic layer having an optically positive refractive anisotropy having Re falling within a range from 40 to 150 nm at visible light; and at least one layer of a second optically-anisotropic layer having an optically negative refractive anisotropy, and having Re of 10 nm or less and Rth falling within a range from 60 to 250 nm at visible light.

Abstract: The present invention provides an inexpensive projection display that allows a pixel grid as ineffective portions of respective pixels of a light valve to be made inconspicuous. The projection display includes a birefringent element (43) for spatially separating light from a transmission liquid crystal light valve (39). The birefringent element (43) includes a first birefringent plate (40) that the light from the liquid crystal light valve (39) enters, a second birefringent plate (41) that light from the first birefringent plate (40) enters, and a third birefringent plate (42) that light from the second birefringent plate (41) enters. A polarization direction of the light entering the first birefringent plate (40) forms an angle of n×45° (n is an integer other than 0) with an optic axis of the first birefringent plate (40) projected on an incident surface of the first birefringent plate (40).

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display which exhibits preferable viewing angle characteristics even in a diagonal viewing angle. Optical retardation films of a first type that satisfy nx>ny, nz and optical retardation films of a second type that satisfy nx?ny>nz are used, and a setting is made to satisfy Rp?t=2×(?0.08×RLC+58 nm+?) (?=±30 nm) and Rt?t=(1.05±0.05)×RLC?47 nm+?(?100 nm???47 nm) where ?nd represents a retardation RLC in the liquid crystal display; Rp?t represents the sum of retardations Rp in in-plane directions of a plurality of optical retardation films; and Rt?t represents the sum of retardations Rt in the direction of the thickness of the plurality of optical retardation films.

Abstract: A viewing angle magnification liquid crystal display of this invention comprising: at least a backlight system containing a polarization element (A) obtained by disposing a retardation layer (b) between at least two layers, included in a reflection polarizer (a), and having respective selective reflection wavelength bands of polarized light superimposed on each other to conduct collimation for a diffusion light source; a liquid crystal cell transmitting collimated lights; a polarizing plate disposed on both sides of the liquid crystal cell; and a viewing angle magnifying layer disposed on the viewer side of the liquid crystal cell to diffuse transmitted light. The liquid crystal display can realize a thin type and have a wide viewing angle.

Abstract: A transflective LCD device improves a light transmittance in both the transmissive mode and the reflective mode and improves efficiency in the use of the light regardless of wavelength. To properly control the ON/OFF-switch of the blue wavelength band or the red wavelength band, the transflective LCD device adopts a half wave plate (?/2) and changes the optic axes of the polarizers and the retardation film.

Abstract: In an in-plane switching (ISP) mode controlling transmission and shielding of light by application of lateral electric field to liquid crystal molecules aligned in the direction in parallel to a substrate, increase in luminance or color shift at a black-representation area or upon black-representation condition at an inclined viewing angle is reduced. First and second polarizing plates sandwiching a liquid crystal layer each have a supporting member (plate) on at least either surface thereof. The supporting member on the inside surface of the first polarizing plate on the side of an illumination unit has a retardation in the thickness direction R1·h1 and the supporting member on the inside surface of the second polarizing plate has a retardation in the thickness direction R2·h2. In the O-mode, R1·h1>R2·h2 and in the E-mode, R1·h1<R2·h2.

Abstract: A polarizing element 20 has a first undulating structure in which a plurality of linear first recesses 22 are formed parallel to one another in one surface of a transparent substrate 21, and a dielectric layer 30 made from silicon dioxide is formed on the surface of the first undulating structure to produce a second undulating structure. The second undulating structure has formed therein second recesses 32 having a width W and a depth H, with second projections 33 having a width d intervening between adjacent second recesses 32. A thin-film-shaped conductive body 13 of width W and depth H is embedded in each of the second recesses 32.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element which has the high speed response and the high contrast and a display device employing the same are provided. In a display device employing a reflection type liquid crystal light valve, a retardation of a retardation plate which is provided between a polarizing element such as a polarizing beam splitter and the reflection type liquid crystal light valve is generally made ¼ of the wavelength of the incident light, and an optical axis (a slow axis or a fast axis) of the retardation plate and the polarizing direction of the incident polarized light are shifted from each other by slightly larger than 0 degree in order to arrange such optical elements.

Abstract: A semi-transmission type liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel LPN in which a liquid crystal layer LQ is held between an array substrate AR and a counter-substrate CT that are disposed to face each other, a first polarization control element POL1 provided on an outer surface of the array substrate AR, which is opposed to a surface of the array substrate AR that holds the liquid crystal layer LQ, and a second polarization control element POL2 provided on an outer surface of the counter-substrate CT, which is opposed to a surface of the counter-substrate CT that holds the liquid crystal layer LQ. The first polarization control element POL1 and second polarization control element POL2 control a polarization state of light that passes therethrough, such that light in a polarization state of elliptically polarized light is to be incident on the liquid crystal layer LQ.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (“LCD”) includes forming only a ?/4 plate between a polarizer and a display panel and setting a direction of an absorption axis of the polarizer and a slow axis of the ?/4 plate, so that the LCD can have a smaller thickness and its fabrication cost can be reduced while having better or the same characteristics than an LCD using both ?/2 and ?/4 plates. In addition, in an ECB mode backlit LCD, transmittance, contrast ratio, and viewing angles can be enhanced by attaching both the ?/4 or ?/2 plate and allowing the absorption axis of the polarizer and the slow axis of the ?/4 and ?/2 plates to have predetermined angle relationships.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display with a touch panel is described. The liquid crystal display includes a front panel including an internal front polarizer, a liquid crystal layer, and a rear panel including a rear polarizer. A touch transparent panel is secured to the front surface of the liquid crystal display.

Abstract: An optical film in which a retardation film is laminated on one side of a polarizing plate, in which a transparent protective film is laminated on both sides of a polarizer, so that an absorbing axis of the polarizing plate and a slow axis of the retardation film may be perpendicular or may be parallel to each other, wherein a value Nz represented by Nz=(nx1?nz1)/(nx1?ny1) satisfies a range of 0.4 through 0.

Abstract: An optical film in which a polarizing plate and a retardation film are laminated so that an absorbing axis of the polarizing plate and a slow axis of the retardation film may be perpendicular or may be parallel to each other, wherein a value Nz represented by Nz=(nx1?nz1)/(nx1?ny1) satisfies a range of 0.4 through 0.6, and an in-plane retardation Re1=(nx1?ny1)×d1 is 200 through 350 nm, where, a direction of the retardation film in which an in-plane refractive index within the film surface concerned gives a maximum is defined as X-axis, a direction perpendicular to X axis is defined as Y-axis, a thickness direction of the film is defined as Z-axis, refractive indexes in axial direction are defined as nx1, ny1, nz1, respectively, and a thickness of the film is defined as d1 (nm), may realize an easily viewable display with high contrast ratio in a wide range when applied to a display system, preferably used for a liquid crystal display operating in IPS mode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polarizer package comprising an integrated combination of an absorbing layer and a compensator. Two of the identical polarizer packages can be crossed and used in a transmissive optical device. This polarizer package can also be used in combination with a reflective plate and a quarter wave plate in a reflective optical device. Such polarizer packages exhibit an improved viewing angle characteristic across all wavelengths of interest, has a large tolerance for compensators to be aligned relative to their preferred directions, and can be used within an LCD or emissive display system.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device and an electronic apparatus have superior visibility. A transflective reflective liquid crystal device comprises liquid crystals, an upper substrate, an lower substrate, an upper polarizing layer, a reflective polarizing layer, a lower polarizing layer, and a lighting device. A liquid crystal panel comprises the upper substrate, the upper polarizing layer, the liquid crystal, the lower reflective polarizing layer, the lower polarizing layer, and the lower substrate.

Abstract: When an optical element is produced using a liquid crystal film having no supporting substrate film for the purpose of decreasing the weight, the liquid crystal film layer may often pose problems of fine wrinkly deformation of and cracking in a caused by strain occurring during a manufacturing/processing step. The present invention intends to provide an elliptical polarizer having a thinned optical anisotropic element which is free from such deformation and cracking. The elliptical polarizer of the present invention comprises at least a polarizer and an optical anisotropic element wherein said optical anisotropic element comprises a liquid crystalline substance layer with a fixed liquid crystal orientation, a tacky adhesive/adhesive layer, and a stress blocking layer.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal device includes a reflecting electrode (14) provided on the liquid crystal side of a first substrate (10), and a first retardation plate (106), a second retardation plate (116) and a polarizer (105), which are provided on the side of a second substrate (20), which is opposite to the liquid crystal side thereof. The twist angle and ?nd of the liquid crystal are 230 to 260 degrees and 0.70 ?m to 0.85 ?m, respectively. ?nd of the first retardation plate is 150±50 nm, and ?nd of the second retardation plate is 610±60 nm. The angle formed by the transmission axis or absorption axis of the polarizer and the optical axis of the second retardation plate is 10 to 35 degrees, and the angle formed by the optical axis of the first retardation plate and the optical axis of the second retardation plate is 30 to 60 degrees. As a result, a bright image display having high contrast can be obtained.

Abstract: A transflective liquid crystal display device includes: first and second substrates facing and spaced apart from each other, the first and second substrates having reflective and transmissive portions; a first retardation film on an outer surface of the first substrate, the first retardation film having a first optical axis; a first polarizing plate on the first retardation film, the first polarizing plate having a first transmissive axis; a common electrode on an inner surface of the first substrate; a pixel electrode on an inner surface of the second substrate; a second retardation film on an outer surface of the second substrate, the second retardation film having a second optical axis; a second polarizing plate on the second retardation film, the second polarizing plate having a second transmissive axis; and a liquid crystal layer between the common electrode and the pixel electrode, the liquid crystal layer having a director, wherein the first optical axis has a first angle of ? with respect to the first

Abstract: A control circuit of panel brightness is disclosed. After a user adjusts a brightness volume control, the brightness volume control will output an adjusting signal. The control circuit of this invention includes a pre-stage circuit, a first brightness control circuit, and a second brightness control circuit. The pre-stage circuit is fro receiving a darkness-adjusting signal, a brightness-adjusting signal, and an enable signal. A first brightness value outputted from the first brightness control circuit can be the first brightness value of the previous time point plus or minus a interval. A second brightness value outputted from the second brightness control circuit can be the second brightness value of the previous time point plus or minus a interval. The first brightness value and the second brightness value are for adjusting panel brightness. The circuit of this invention is simple, easy to design, and less cost.

Abstract: A compensated higher order waveplate is constructed of substrates. In one embodiment, a first substrate is a n? waveplate and the second substrate is a (n+?)? waveplate. The substrates are oriented so that their principle axes of retardation are orthogonal. n? is a base retardation of a waveplate and ?? is an incremental retardation. The incremental retardation produces a desired amount of retardation of a lightwave passing through the compensated higher order waveplate. Retarder material used to produce the base retardation is approximately ½ a desired thickness of the waveplate. Multiple waveplates are combined to produce any of wavelength band specific retarders and multiple non contiguous wavelength band specific retarders.

Abstract: An elliptically polarizing plate, comprising a polarizer, a first optical anisotropic layer having positive refractive index anisotropy and an optical axis of the anisotropy that is tilted, and a second optical anisotropic layer having negative refractive index anisotropy and an optical axis that is tilted, have accurate retardation compensation of a liquid crystal cell, and the liquid crystal display maintains a display contrast having a sufficient visibility when the viewing angle is changed and which does not generate colorization.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) comprises two substrates, plurality of gate lines, plurality of data lines, two polarizers, one or two compensators, liquid crystal material aligned parallel or antiparallel, spacers of ball type or column type, white (transparent) or black spacers positioned between the two substrates, the dispersion of the birefringence of liquid crystal material is bigger than the dispersion of the birefringence of the compensation material.

Abstract: A transflective display device has an upper substrate, a lower substrate and a liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween. A reflective electrode layer is formed overlying the inner surface of the lower substrate to serve as a reflective area of a pixel electrode. A transparent electrode layer is formed overlying the inner surface of the lower substrate, in which the transparent electrode layer not covered by the reflective electrode layer serves as a transmissive area of a pixel electrode. A first polarizer is formed overlying the outer surface of the upper substrate. A second polarizer is formed overlying the outer surface of the lower substrate. An optical compensation plate is formed between the second polarizer and the lower substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a liquid crystal element including a front substrate positioned on the side of an observer and having a first electrode mounted to one surface, a rear substrate having a second electrode arranged to face said first electrode, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between these substrates, said liquid crystal layer controlling the polarized state of the transmitted light in accordance with the electric field applied between the first and the second electrodes. A first reflection polarizing plate is arranged on the front side of the liquid crystal element and reflects the light of one of the two polarized components of the incident light. Two polarized components are perpendicular to each other, and transmit the light of the other polarized component.

Abstract: A liquid crystal layer is composed of a liquid crystal composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy, and the liquid crystal composition is sandwiched by a pair of transparent substrates while being twisted by 220 to 260 degrees. Also, in a liquid crystal display device having an optical compensating plate and a polarizer respectively formed above and below a liquid crystal cell, a transflector is formed on the inner surface of the transparent substrate of the liquid crystal cell, the transflector has a high-reflectivity film having a plurality of fine apertures therein, and the high-reflectivity film has a diffuse reflection surface, on the surface thereof, having a controlled reflected luminance characteristic.

Abstract: In a reflective type liquid crystal display unit which is provided with a reflective plate, there is provided a reflective liquid crystal display unit free from color mixture by preventing color mixing of reflected light is presented. The unit includes a substrate, a reflective layer disposed on the substrate, and a color filter, wherein the reflective layer has a plurality of reflective unit regions each of which has a first reflective surface for reflecting a light in a predetermined direction, and an inclination angle of the first reflective surface is defined so that an incident light which passes through a pixel of a determined color of the color filter to enter the first reflective surface is reflected by the first reflective surface to pass through the pixel of the same color as the color through which the incident light of the color filter has passed.

Abstract: When an optical element is produced using a liquid crystal film having no supporting substrate film for the purpose of decreasing the weight, the liquid crystal film layer may often pose problems of fine wrinkly deformation of and cracking in a caused by strain occurring during a manufacturing/processing step. The present invention intends to provide an elliptical polarizer having a thinned optical anisotropic element which is free from such deformation and cracking. The elliptical polarizer of the present invention comprises at least a polarizer and an optical anisotropic element wherein said optical anisotropic element comprises a liquid crystalline substance layer with a fixed liquid crystal orientation, a tacky adhesive/adhesive layer, and a stress blocking layer.

Abstract: An achromatic half wave plate includes a first twisted nematic liquid crystal layer, a second twisted nematic liquid crystal layer, and a uniaxial half wave plate between the first twisted nematic liquid crystal layer and the second twisted nematic liquid crystal layer. In one embodiment the first twisted nematic liquid crystal layer and the second twisted nematic liquid crystal layer have an identical twist angle of 135 degrees. The optic axis at the entrance of the first twisted nematic liquid crystal layer is substantially orthogonal to the optic axis at the exit of the second twisted nematic liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a display panel inspection method, a display panel inspection device, and a display panel manufacturing method capable of determining the optimum optical conditions for inspecting a surface shape from the structural characteristic of an object to be inspected, reflecting the determined conditions on the inspection device to carry out the inspection with high accuracy, improving the yield without degrading the yield rate, and manufacturing a substrate of high quality and high reliability.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal cell, polarizers, a first retardation plate arranged between the liquid crystal cell and the first polarizer, and a second retardation plate arranged between the liquid crystal cell and the second polarizer. Each retardation plate has an optical axis in a plane parallel to the substrate surface and a retardation of substantially &lgr;/4. The optical axis of one retardation plate is perpendicular to the optical axis of the other. The polarizing axes of the polarizers are arranged at an angle of 45° with respect to the optical axes of the retardation plates. The liquid crystal cell is arranged such that a state of alignment of liquid crystal molecules changes, accompanying a change in a polar angle and/or change in an azimuth, upon application of a voltage.

Abstract: A reflection liquid crystal display comprises a first transparent substrate, a second transparent substrate disposed opposite to the first transparent substrate, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and the second transparent substrate. A transparent electrode layer and an alignment layer are formed in that order on the inner surface of the first transparent substrate, a reflecting polarizing film formed by laminating a transparent scattering layer and a light absorbing layer is placed on the outer surface of the first transparent substrate, a transparent electrode layer and an alignment layer are formed in that order on the inner surface of the second transparent substrate, and a phase plate and a polarizing plate are placed in that order on the outer surface of the second transparent substrate.

Abstract: A reflective-type liquid crystal display is configured so that a liquid crystal is sandwiched between a Thin Film Transistor (TFT) substrate and a facing substrate. A polarizer is formed on a side opposite to a side being in contact with the liquid crystal on a second transparent insulating substrate with a layer-stacke ¼ wavelength plate constructed by combining a ½ wavelength phase difference film with a ¼ wavelength phase difference film. Both films are made from a norbornene polymer and are sandwiched between the polarizer and second transparent insulating substrate. A permittivity anisotropy of the liquid crystal is set to be about 6 or more.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes first and second substrates spaced apart from each other with a liquid crystal therebetween. The liquid crystal display device adopts a cholesteric liquid crystal color filter. Each portion of the cholesteric liquid crystal color filter is designed to have an adjusted order parameter according to a wavelength of a corresponding color ray. Therefore, with the variously adjusted order parameters of the cholesteric liquid crystal color filter, an increase of the color shift due to a longer wavelength is prevented.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to prevent color shifting which occurs in a liquid crystal display device in a white display state as well as in a black display state. The liquid crystal display device includes a single polarization layer, a single phase retardation layer, a reflective layer, and a liquid crystal layer, and produces a display by utilizing light reflected from the reflective layer. Based on the wavelength &lgr; of incident light, the retardation value ReF of the phase retardation layer is set approximately equal to (1/4+K/2) &lgr;, and the retardation value ReL of the liquid crystal layer is set approximately equal to (1/2+L/2)&lgr; (K=0, 1, 2, . . . : L=0, 1, 2, . . . ). The angle &Dgr;&phgr; that the absorption axis of the polarization layer makes with the retardation axis of the phase retardation layer is set as 0°<&Dgr;&phgr;<45° or 45°<&Dgr;&phgr;<90°.

Abstract: A reflection type liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle, and capable of assuring a light utilization factor at or above a certain value for bright display even when conditions of an external light are varied is provided. The reflection type liquid crystal display device comprises (a) a liquid crystal cell comprising an upper substrate, a lower substrate and a liquid crystal layer between the substrates, (b) a polarizing film provided in a side of the upper substrate in the liquid crystal cell, (c) light reflecting means provided in a side of the lower substrate in the liquid crystal cell; and (d) an optical member provided between the polarizing film and the liquid crystal cell, and having a retardation axis when it is viewed in the normal direction. An angle between an absorption axis of the polarizing film and the retardation axis of the optical member is within a range of about 88° to about 92° or about −2° to about +2° .

Abstract: A normally white reflection type liquid crystal display includes a polarization plate; a quarter wavelength plate; a transparent substrate; a transparent electrode; and a twisted nematic liquid crystal layer. The polarization plate, the quarter wavelength plate, the transparent substrate, the transparent electrode, and the twisted nematic liquid crystal layer are layered in sequence from a light inputting side, and the angle between the optical axis of the quarter wavelength plate and the transmission axis of the polarization plate is below 65 degrees and above 45 degrees, or below 45 degrees and above 25 degrees.

Abstract: With a liquid crystal display device comprising an STN liquid crystal element (20) comprised of 200° to 260° twist aligned nematic liquid crystal (6) sandwiched between a first substrate (1) thereof, provided with a reflector (7) and first electrodes (3), and a second substrate (2) thereof, provided with second electrodes (4), a retardation film (12), and a polarizing film 11 that are disposed on the outer side of the second substrate (2) of the STN liquid crystal element, black display of low reflectance can be obtained_in all wavelength regions, thereby enabling bright display in high contrast to be effected by setting a &Dgr;nd value of the STN liquid crystal element 20 indicating a birefringent tendency thereof in a range of 0.7 to 0.8 &mgr;m, a retardation value indicating a birefringent tendency of the retardation film (12) in a range of 0.35 to 0.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a structure of LCD, having a first polarizer with a first polarization direction along a first angle. A first retardation phase plate is located behind the first polarizer. The first retardation phase plate is used to produce a retardation effect. The retardation direction is the same as the first angle. A first WV film is behind the first retardation phase plate. The WV film is operated along a second angle vertical to the first angle. A liquid crystal layer is located behind the WV film 110. The crystal rubbing direction of the liquid crystal layer is along the second direction. A second WV film is behind the liquid crystal layer. The second WV film is operated along the first angle. A second retardation phase plate is located behind the second WV film. The retardation direction of the second retardation phase plate is along the second angle. A second polarizer is located behind the second retardation phase plate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display-element which has the high speed response and the high contrast and a display device employing the same are provided. In a display device employing a reflection type liquid crystal light valve, a retardation of a retardation plate which is provided between a polarizing element such as a polarizing beam splitter and the reflection type liquid crystal light valve is generally made ¼ of the wavelength of the incident light, and an optical axis (a slow axis or a fast axis) of the retardation plate and the polarizing direction of the incident polarized light are shifted from each other by slightly larger than 0 degree in order to arrange such optical elements.

Abstract: A color liquid crystal display device capable of displaying uniformly four colors of white, red, blue and green with high purity by multiplex driving is provided. In a system for effecting a multi-color display using a same display unit and utilizing retardation, at least one color polarizer is used between a pair of polarizers, which indicates a specified range wherein the polarizing efficiency of red or blue is relatively lower than that of green.