Abstract: An optical dimming device includes at least one polarization rotator configured to switch a polarization of a linearly polarized component of an incoming light between two orthogonal polarizations. The optical dimming device also includes at least one polarizer coupled with the at least one polarization rotator, and configured to output a light having a light intensity reduced to a predetermined percentage of an initial light intensity of the incoming light. The predetermined percentage is substantially the same for different incoming lights having different initial polarizations.

Abstract: An illumination device includes a light source unit and a light guide plate configured to guide light coming from the light source unit. The light guide plate includes an incidence surface, main emission surfaces from which the light incident on the incidence surface is emitted, and an end emission surface which is opposed to the incidence surface and from which the light is emitted. At least one of the main emission surfaces has a stepped surface which is formed such that the thickness of the light guide plate becomes thinner at a side of the end emission surface than at a side of the incidence surface. The stepped surface is configured to reflect the light in a direction opposite to a light guide direction extending from the incidence surface toward the end emission surface and inclined with respect to the light guide direction.

Abstract: A display panel has a first viewing-angle characteristic for a first yellow-shift direction that is an oblique visual-field direction in which an image shifts to yellow in white display and for a first blue-shift direction that is a visual field direction in which an image shifts to blue in white display. A parallax barrier panel has a second viewing-angle characteristic for a second yellow-shift direction that is an oblique visual-field direction in which an image shifts to yellow in white display and for a second blue-shift direction that is a visual field direction in which an image shifts to blue in white display. The display panel and the parallax barrier panel are laminated such that the first yellow-shift direction and the second blue-shift direction agree with each other and that the first blue-shift direction and the second yellow-shift direction agree with each other.

Abstract: Disclosed is a negative C-type retardation compensator for a liquid crystal display. The negative C-type retardation compensator for the liquid crystal display includes polyarlate having a thio group or a sulfur oxide group in a polymer main chain thereof. Accordingly, the retardation compensator has an absolute value of negative retardation that is larger in a thickness direction that a retardation compensator which includes polyarylate having no thio group or sulfur oxide group in a polymer main chain thereof even though the retardation compensator having the thio group or sulfur oxide group and the retardation compensator having no thio group or sulfur oxide group are the same as each other in thickness. Thereby, the negative C-type retardation compensator for liquid crystal displays is capable of being desirably applied to the liquid crystal displays.

Abstract: An IPS or FFS-mode liquid-crystal display device includes an optical compensatory film having a first retardation region and a second retardation region adjacent to the first retardation region, wherein a slow axis of the first retardation region is parallel to a slow axis of the second retardation region, retardation in-plane at a wavelength of 550 nm, Re(550) of the second retardation region is equal to or less than 20 nm, and retardation along the thickness-direction at a wavelength of 550 nm, Rth(550) of the second retardation region is from 20 nm to 120 nm, the first retardation region includes a retardation layer containing a vertically-aligned discotic liquid-crystal compound, and Re thereof at a wavelength of 450 nm, 550 nm and 650 nm, Re(450), Re(550) and Re(650) satisfy Re(450)/Re(550) of from 1 to 1.13 and Re(650)/Re(550) of from 0.94 to 1.

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel of the present invention includes: a liquid crystal cell; a first polarizing plate placed on one side of the liquid crystal cell; a second polarizing plate and a third polarizing plate placed on another side of the liquid crystal cell in the stated order from a side of the liquid crystal cell; a first retardation plate placed between the liquid crystal cell and the first polarizing plate; and a second retardation plate placed between the liquid crystal cell and the second polarizing plate, in which: refractive index ellipsoids of the first retardation plate and the second retardation plate exhibit a relationship of nx>ny>nz; and a transmittance (T2) of the second polarizing plate is larger than a transmittance (T1) of the first polarizing plate, and a transmittance (T3) of the third polarizing plate is equal to or larger than the transmittance (T1) of the first polarizing plate.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical compensation film for IPS or FFS-mode liquid crystal display devices, having the tilt angle ?[°] not equal to zero, ?[°] being defined as ? giving the minimum value of retardation R[?] which is retardation measured for incident light coming in a direction tilted by ?° from a normal line relative to the film-plane, the direction being in a plane including the direction perpendicular to the in-plane slow axis thereof and the normal line; and having retardation along the thickness direction at a wavelength of 550 nm, Rth(550), not equal to zero.

Abstract: A patterned retarder film with a plurality of first retardation regions and a plurality of second retardation regions and a method for manufacturing the same are provided. The method includes providing a base film; forming an alignment layer on a first surface of the base film; coating a liquid crystal material on the alignment layer as a liquid crystal layer; aligning the liquid crystal layer with the alignment layer; embossing the liquid crystal layer with a predetermined pattern to form a patterned layer with a plurality of first and second retardation regions. The structure of the first and second retardation regions are grating-like stripe structure and parallel to each other and the structure of the second retardation regions are grooving-like stripe structure and interleaved with each other. The patterned liquid crystal layer is cured. The phase retardation of the first and second retardation regions is different by 180°.

Abstract: An optical film comprising at least one compound represented by formula (1) is disclosed. In the formula, Y11, Y12 and Y13 each independently represent methine or a nitrogen atom; R11, R12 and R13 each independently represent formula (A), (B) or (C) or a hydrogen atom, provided that at least two of R11, R12 and R13 each independently represent formula (A), (B) or (C). In the formulae, L12, L22, and L32 each represent a 5-membered heterocyclic group.

Abstract: A display apparatus comprises a display panel, a first polarizing plate and a second polarizing plate. The display panel comprises a first substrate including a pixel electrode, a second substrate opposite to the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between a first surface of the first substrate and a first surface of the second substrate. The first polarizing plate comprises a first polarizer having a first polarizing axis, and a first ?/4 phase difference plate having a refractive index between about 1.35 and about 2.05 in a thickness direction. The second polarizing plate comprises a second polarizer having a second polarizing axis crossing the first polarizing axis, and a second ?/4 phase difference plate having a refractive index between about 1.35 and about 2.05 in a thickness direction. Accordingly, light leakage in a side view may be reduced and viewing angle may be improved.

Abstract: A LCD device has a LC layer sandwiched between a TFT substrate and a counter substrate, first and second polarizing films, a first ?/2 film between the first polarizing film and the counter substrate, and a second ?/2 film between the second polarizing film and the TFT substrate. Angle ?1 between the direction of the optical axis of the LC layer and the polarized direction of the light entering the LC layer satisfies the relationship: 0 degree<?1<45 degrees. The resultant LCD device has lower leakage light and coloring.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal panel (2) disposed between two linear polarization plates (1, 3) and a triacetyl cellulose film having biaxial optical anisotropy (4), the triacetyl cellulose film having biaxial optical anisotropy (4) (i) being disposed further from the screen front side than a front polarization plate, which is one of the two linear polarization plates (1, 3), and (ii) having a planar retardation comprised in a range from 40 nm to 100 nm. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal display device allowing an observer to perceive, through polarized sunglasses and with a high display quality, an image on a screen not only from a frontal viewpoint but also if an azimuth angle and a polar angle at which viewpoints are set are shifted from the frontal viewpoint.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device that has a higher contrast ratio in a wide viewing angle and that can be easily produced at low cost.

Abstract: A display device includes: a panel; a light source provided on a surface disposed with facing at an interval of a predetermined distance from the back of the panel of said panel; and at least one optical sheet placed in front of said light source; wherein said optical sheet is placed with predetermined inclination angle to the above back of the panel so that it becomes closer from the top end to the bottom end of the back of the panel of said panel.

Abstract: In an LCD device, a circular polarizer is provided to each of two substrates that hold a liquid crystal layer. The circular polarizer on the display surface side includes a polarizer, ?/2 plate in which Rth>0, and a ?/4 plate in which Rth<0; and the circular polarizer on the backlight side includes a polarizer, a ?/2 plate in which Rth<0, and a ?/4 plate in which Rth>0. Rth is a retardation in the thickness direction of a ?/2 plate or a ?/4 plate. The absolute value of the sum of the Rth between the ?/2 plate for which Rth>0 and the ?/2 plate for which Rth<0 is reduced, and in the absolute value of the sum of the Rth between the ?/4 plate for which Rth<0 and the ?/4 plate for which Rth>0.

Abstract: In a transflective liquid crystal display device, a liquid crystal layer has horizontal alignment, and a polarizing plate having a transmission axis parallel with or orthogonal to an alignment direction of the liquid crystal layer is provided on a side opposite to the liquid crystal layer of an element substrate, and a polarizing plate having a transmission axis orthogonal to that of the polarizing plate is provided on a side opposite to the liquid crystal layer of a counter substrate. A resin layer having a first resin layer and a second resin layer being ?/2 retardation films is provided on the liquid crystal layer side of the counter substrate, and a slow axis of the first resin layer is disposed so as to be parallel with or orthogonal to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate, and a slow axis of the second resin layer crosses the alignment direction of the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device that has a higher contrast ratio in a wide viewing angle and that can be easily produced at low cost. The liquid crystal display device may include polarizers and multiple birefringent layers. A first birefringent layer (I) can have an in-plane slow axis forming an angle of about 45° with an absorption axis of the first polarizer; the second birefringent layer (I) can have an in-plane slow axis substantially orthogonal to the in-plane slow axis of the first birefringent layer (I).

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes first and second substrates with first and second polarizing layers, a liquid-crystal layer, a matrix-driven electrode group; and a rear-illuminating device. Between the first polarizing layer and the liquid-crystal layer, a first optical compensating member is disposed without a birefringent medium sandwiched between the liquid-crystal layer and the first optical compensating member, and the first optical compensating member is constructed so that when a refractive index thereof in a slow-axis direction in a plane parallel to the substrate is taken as n1, a refractive index in a fast-axis direction in the plane parallel to the substrate is taken as n2, and a refractive index in a thickness direction is taken as n3, the first optical compensating member satisfies n1?n3>n2, and a slow axis thereof in the plane parallel to the substrate is substantially vertical to an optical axis of the liquid-crystal layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cellulose ester film which rarely causes the attachment of foreign matters to the surface of a conveying roll or the failure of film transfer induced by the attachment of the foreign matters, which is free of the partial deformation caused by foreign matters on the conveying roll, exhibits high durability after saponification treatment, has good close adhesion to a polarizer, and has excellent processing suitability in the processing into a polarizer. Also disclosed is a method for producing the cellulose ester film by a melt-casting process. Further disclosed are; a protective film for a polarizing plate, which has high film strength; a polarizing plate having high durability; and a liquid crystal display having high image quality; each comprising the cellulose ester film. The cellulose ester film comprises a cellulose ester, a compound represented by the general formula (1) and a compound represented by the general formula (2).

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes an OCB mode liquid crystal display panel, and an optical compensation element which is disposed outside of the liquid crystal display layer. The optical compensation element includes a polarizer plate, a first retardation plate which is disposed between the polarizer plate and the liquid crystal layer, and a second retardation plate which is disposed between the polarizer plate and the first retardation plate and has a biaxial refractive index anisotropy. The optical compensation element compensates a difference of a polarization state that differs between azimuth directions of light passing through the liquid crystal layer and compensates a shift of the polarization state of light, which passes through the retardation plate, from an azimuth direction of an absorption axis of the polarizer plate.

Abstract: The liquid crystal panel 1 of the present invention comprises a liquid crystal cell 2, a first polarizer 31 disposed on one surface side of the liquid crystal cell 2, a second polarizer 41 disposed on the other surface side of the liquid crystal cell 2, and first optical compensation layer 5 and second optical compensation layer 6 disposed between the first polarizer 31 and second polarizer 41, and the liquid crystal cell 2 satisfies a relationship of 0.8 Re [450]/Re [550] 1, the first optical compensation layer 5 satisfies relationships of the Nz coefficient is from 0.8 to 1.4 and 0.8 Re[450]/Re[550] 1, and the second optical compensation layer 6 satisfies relationships of nx =ny>nz and 0.98 Re[450]/Re[550] 1.04. The liquid crystal panel of the present invention is hardly generated color shift when the panel is viewed from all azimuth angle directions and polar angle directions, so that the liquid crystal panel is excellent in color display characteristics.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of the present invention is a transflective liquid crystal display device that is provided with a backlight, a liquid crystal cell (10), and a reflective electrode (32) provided in the liquid crystal cell (10), and that displays an image through both a reflective display region (a) and a transmissive display region (b). In this liquid crystal display device, a front-side ?/4 plate (wave plate) for a reflective display is further provided on a side from which external light enters the liquid crystal cell (10), and a thin film (33) is provided, on the reflective electrode (32), for correcting a change in chromaticity caused by wavelength dispersion due to the ?/4 plate.

Abstract: A liquid-crystal display device comprising a liquid-crystal cell having a liquid-crystal layer that aligns vertically to the substrate thereof in the black state, first and second polarizing elements that are disposed to sandwich the liquid-crystal cell therebetween in a manner that their absorption axes are perpendicular to each other, an optically-biaxial retardation film A disposed between the first polarizing element and the liquid-crystal cell, and an optically-biaxial retardation film B disposed between the second polarizing element and the liquid-crystal cell, wherein the retardation films A and B differ from each other in the optical anisotropy, is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device that has a higher contrast ratio in a wide viewing angle and that can be easily produced at low cost.

Abstract: A technology for reducing distance between adjacent pixel electrodes to smaller than the limit set by conventional process margin and also preventing adjacent pixel electrodes from being short circuited is provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides an LCD device that has a higher contrast ratio in a wide viewing angle and that can be easily produced at low cost. The present invention is a liquid crystal display device, including in the following order: a first polarizer; a first birefringent layer; a first quarter-wave plate; a liquid crystal cell; a second quarter-wave plate; a second birefringent layer; and a second polarizer having an absorption axis orthogonal to an absorption axis of the first polarizer, wherein the first birefringent layer satisfies Nz>0.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cellulose acylate film comprising a cellulose acylate satisfying relations of 2.0?A+B?2.45, (II): and 0.8?A?1.4, and (III): 0.6?B?1.65 where “A” represents a degree of acetyl substitution of hydroxy in a glucose unit of cellulose acylate; and “B” represents a degree of with C3 or longer acyl substitution of hydroxy in a glucose unit of cellulose acylate; and satisfying relations of 50 nm?Re(590)?70 nm, 100 nm?Rth(590)?120 nm, and (VI): 1.4?Rth(590)/Re(590)?2.6.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) device is provided. The LCD device includes an LCD panel having a first liquid crystal layer therein; a first polarizing sheet; and a first phase-difference compensation portion disposed adjacent a first surface of the LCD panel between the LCD panel and the first polarizing sheet. The first phase-difference compensation portion includes a plurality of phase-difference films having at least second and third liquid crystal layers with tilt angles that are different.

Abstract: A liquid-crystal display device comprising a liquid-crystal cell and at least three optically-anisotropic layers disposed on each side of the liquid crystal cell, wherein they are combined so that the ?nd value of the liquid-crystal cell and the optical characteristics of the optically-anisotropic layers can satisfy predetermined relationships, is disclosed.

Abstract: A liquid-crystal display device comprising a liquid-crystal cell comprising a liquid-crystal layer that aligns vertically to the substrate thereof in the black state, first and second polarizing elements that are disposed to sandwich the liquid-crystal cell therebetween so that their absorption axes are orthogonal to each other, a retardation film A and a retardation film B, wherein the retardation films A and B are equivalent to each other in terms of retardation in plane at a wavelength of 548 nm, Re(548), and retardation along thickness direction at a wavelength of 548 nm, Rth(548) thereof, but differ from each other in terms of the wavelength dispersion characteristics of retardation in plane Re and/or retardation along thickness direction Rth thereof in a visible light region, is disclosed.

Abstract: Provided are a laminated optical film capable of enhancing a contrast ratio in an oblique direction remarkably while enhancing viewing angle characteristics when being used in a liquid crystal display apparatus or the like, and a liquid crystal panel and a liquid crystal display apparatus using the laminated optical film. The laminated optical film of the present invention includes a polarizer, a first optical compensation layer, and a second optical compensation layer in the stated order, in which the first optical compensation layer has a refractive index profile of nx>nz>ny and is placed so that a slow axis direction thereof is substantially parallel to or substantially perpendicular to an absorption axis direction of the polarizer, and the second optical compensation layer converts linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light or circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light in a visible light region.

Abstract: A projection image display apparatus includes: light source; polarization/separation element having a polarization/separation plane through which one polarized light passes and which reflects the other orthogonal to the one; an image display element for modulating the incident light into image light and reflecting the image light; and a retardation plate disposed between the polarization/separation element and the image display element: the retardation plate has refractive indices different between two orthogonal directions in an optical surface thereof, and gives phase difference larger than ?/4 to polarized light entering the optical surface and having a wavelength ?; and supposing z axis be a normal to a light entering/exiting surface of the polarization/separation element, y axis be perpendicular to z axis and a normal to the polarization/separation plane, and x axis be perpendicular to z- and y-axes, the first retardation plate has optic axis within xz plane and tilted to x axis.

Abstract: Optical devices for guiding illumination are provided each having a body of optical material with staircase or acutely angled ramp structures on its top surface for distributing light inputted from one end of the device from the front exit faces of such structures along certain angular orientations, while at least a substantial portion of the light is totally internally reflected within the body until distributed from such front exit faces. Optical devices are also provided each have a body of optical material having a bottom surface with acutely angled ramp structures and falling structures which alternate with each other, such that light is totally internally reflected within the device until reflected by such ramp structures along the bottom surface to exit the top surface of the device or transmitted through the ramp structures to an adjacent falling structure back into the device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display, comprising a lower alignment film formed on a lower substrate; an upper alignment film formed on an upper substrate; a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the lower and upper substrates; a phase compensation film adhered on the outer surface of the upper substrate; and a polarizer adhered on the phase compensation film wherein the lower alignment film has an alignment angle of ?10 to 20° with respect to a horizontal line, the upper alignment film has an alignment angle of 40 to 55° with respect to a horizontal line, the liquid crystal layer has a phase delay value (d?n) of 0.24-0.27 ?m, the phase compensation film has a phase compensation function of ?/4 and also has an optical axis making 140-146° with a horizontal line, and the polarizer has a absorption axis making 120 to 122.5° with a horizontal line.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display, comprising a lower alignment film formed on a lower substrate; an upper alignment film formed on an upper substrate; a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the lower and upper substrates; a phase compensation film adhered on the outer surface of the upper substrate; and a polarizer adhered on the phase compensation film wherein the lower alignment film has an alignment angle of ?10 to 20° with respect to a horizontal line, the upper alignment film has an alignment angle of 40 to 55° with respect to a horizontal line, the liquid crystal layer has a phase delay value (d?n) of 0.24-0.27 ?m, the phase compensation film has a phase compensation function of ?/4 and also has an optical axis making 140-146° with a horizontal line, and the polarizer has a absorption axis making 120 to 122.5° with a horizontal line.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprising a first optical compensating member disposed without a birefringent medium sandwiched between a liquid-crystal layer and the first optical compensating member. The first optical compensating member is constructed so that when a refractive index thereof in a slow-axis direction in a plane parallel to the substrate is taken as n1, a refractive index in a fast-axis direction in the plane parallel to the substrate is taken as n2, and a refractive index in a thickness direction is taken as n3, the first optical compensating member satisfies n1˜n3>n2 and a slow axis thereof in the plane parallel to the substrate is substantially vertical to an optical axis of the liquid-crystal layer.

Abstract: A laminated optical film including a first optical anisotropic layer, and a second optical anisotropic layer, wherein Relationship (1), ?10 nm??Re1??Re2?10 nm, is satisfied when a slow phase axis of the first optical anisotropic layer is substantially perpendicular to a slow phase axis of the second optical anisotropic layer, wherein Relationship (2), ?10 nm??Re1+?Re2?10 nm, is satisfied when the slow phase axis of the first optical anisotropic layer is substantially parallel to the slow phase axis of the second optical anisotropic layer, wherein an in-plane retardation value Re of the film as a whole satisfies 30 nm?Re?500 nm, where ?Re1 denotes a value calculated from “Re1 (at a temperature of 50° C.)?Re1 (at a temperature of 25° C.)” concerning the first optical anisotropic layer, and ?Re2 denotes a value calculated from “Re2 (at a temperature of 50° C.)?Re2 (at a temperature of 25° C.)” concerning the second optical anisotropic layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polarizing plate comprising at least first and second polarizing elements and satisfying (1) kx1>ky1=kz1, (2) kz2>ky2 and (3) (kx1?ky1)×d1>(kz2?ky2)×d2, wherein an x-axis and a y-axis are in-plane axes crossing perpendicularly to each other, and a z-axis is the axis crossing perpendicularly to the x-y axis plane; kx1, ky1 and kz1 each are the absorption coefficient in the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis directions, respectively, of the first polarizing element; ky2 and kz2 each are the absorption coefficient in the y-axis and z-axis directions, respectively, of the second polarizing element; and d1 and d2 each are the thickness (unit: nm) of the first and second polarizing elements, respectively.

Abstract: An optical device includes a vertically aligned liquid crystal cell that holds a liquid crystal material, a compensating element made of a negative uniaxial refractive material having an optical axis tilted with respect to a system optical axis, and having a fixed positional relation with the liquid crystal cell, an adjustment element having a planar shape and a phase difference in a plane perpendicular to the system optical axis, and a rotary adjustment mechanism that rotates the adjustment element in the plane perpendicular to the system optical axis to adjust the phase difference influencing light transmitted through the adjustment element.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device, in which a liquid crystal layer is held between a pair of substrates, includes a plurality of pixels and a retardation layer. Each of the plurality of pixels includes a transmissive display area and a reflective display area. The retardation layer is arranged at a position that at least overlaps the reflective display areas and on an inner surface side of the pair of substrates. The retardation layer is formed so as to extend over the reflective display areas of at least two adjacent pixels among the plurality of pixels. The retardation layer has a first end portion and a second end portion. The first end portion is located on one of the two adjacent pixels. The second end portion is opposite the first end portion and located on the other pixel of the two adjacent pixels.

Abstract: A cellulose acylate film comprising at least one retardation raising agent having specific rod-like polarizability anisotropy or specific plane polarizability anisotropy, and specific distance between terminals of a molecule in a specific amount; a process for producing the same; and a polarizing plate and liquid crystal display using the same.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device which has a first and second electrodes formed on a second substrate and which controls allows alignment of liquid crystal molecules by an electric field generated between the first and second electrodes, wherein the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are aligned in a first direction in a plane of the substrate, wherein a phase difference layer having molecules, which are inclined in the plane of the first or second substrate and are aligned in directions different from one another in the transmissive display portion and the reflective display portion, is formed on a surface of the first or second substrate opposed to the liquid crystal layer, and wherein a director of the molecules of the phase difference layer is aligned in a second direction parallel to the first direction at least in the plane of the transmissive display portion, wherein an angle formed by the alignment direction of the molecules of the phase difference layer in the transmissive display portion an

Abstract: This invention pertains to the design and construction of retardation films (or plates) with any targeted dispersive property, including those with no wavelength dependence for the entire visible range. In particular, this invention deals with specific design of films with broadband (achromatic) quarterwave and halfwave retardation.

Abstract: An optical laminate having layer A having a resin having a negative intrinsic birefringence and at least one layer B having a transparent resin, having substantially no orientation and laminated at least on one face of layer A and satisfies a relation |Re(A)|>|Re(B)|, wherein Re(A) and Re(B) represent in-plane retardations of layer A and layer B, respectively, measured with light having a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm, an optical element having a laminate of the optical laminate and a polarizer plate, and a liquid crystal display device using at least one sheet of the optical laminate. In the liquid crystal display device, optical compensation can be made in accordance with the mode of the liquid crystal display by the three dimensional control of the refractive index, and the liquid crystal display device provides an image display with liquid crystals exhibiting small change in the phase contrast depending on the viewing angle.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel, a first optical unit, and a second optical unit. The display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The liquid crystal layer is operated in a vertical alignment mode. The first optical unit includes a C-plate and a first polarization plate having a first absorption axis. The second optical unit includes a positive A-plate, a negative A-plate, and a second polarization plate having a second absorption axis substantially perpendicular to the first absorption axis. The positive A-plate and the negative A-plate may gather dispersed polarization states of a colored light.

Abstract: A projection display system includes a glasses system, a driving unit and a projection apparatus. The driving unit is electrically connected to the glasses system for repeatedly applying or removing a voltage to/from the glasses system. The projection apparatus includes an illumination system and a color wheel. The color wheel is in a transmission path of a light beam provided by the illumination system. The color wheel has a compensation zone and a plurality of color zones. When the color wheel is rotated, the compensation zone and the color zones sequentially pass through the light beam. The compensation zone has first, second and third sub compensation zones. A time for the first sub compensation zone passing through the light beam is substantially equal to a time for the third sub compensation zone passing through the light beam. A liquid crystal glasses and a control method are also provided.

Abstract: A phase compensation element is disposed between a reflective type display element and a polarizing beam splitter. Composed of a crystal structure retardation layer functioning as a quarter-wave plate and an inclined-axis retardation layer functioning as an O-plate, the phase compensation element is aligned substantially parallel to a reflective surface of the reflective type display element. The inclined-axis retardation layer is made of inorganic material obliquely deposited on the crystal structure retardation layer. The inclined-axis retardation layer has a principal refractive index axis inclined at between 0° and 45° to a surface normal of the crystal structure retardation layer, and has a thickness not to increase haze of the phase compensation element.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal layer which is arranged between first and second aligning films formed on inner sides of first and second substrates, has liquid crystal molecules twist-aligned in a direction from the first aligning film toward the second aligning film when an electric field is not applied between first and second electrodes, and generates retardation of substantially ?/2 with respect to transmitted light. First and second polarizing plates are arranged on outer sides of the first and second substrates. A Transmission axis or an absorption axis of the first polarizing plate is substantially matched with a direction along which the liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the first aligning film are aligned when a sufficiently intensive electric field is applied.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal display, particularly TN type liquid crystal display capable of remarkably improving brightness inversion resistance at a high contrast with a simple configuration and an optical compensation film which realizes the aforementioned properties, the liquid crystal display includes a pair of polarizing plates, each of the polarizing plates being disposed on an outer side of a liquid crystal layer having a twisted structure, the liquid crystal layer being disposed between substrates facing to each other, at least one of the substrates having an electrode, each of the polarizing plates including a polarizing film, a protective film, and an optical compensation film, wherein the optical compensation film includes a compound having a discotic structure unit, and the compound having a discotic structure unit is aligned such that the average alignment direction of the molecular major axis of the discotic structure unit at each side of the upper and lower optical compensation films facing to

Abstract: A first polarizer and a second polarizer have respective absorption axes extending approximately perpendicularly to each other, and a first retardation plate and a third retardation plate have respective slow axes extending approximately perpendicularly to each other. The first retardation plate and the third retardation plate have respective retardations that are approximately equal to each other, and have respective Nz coefficients that are approximately equal to each other. A second retardation plate and a liquid crystal layer in a transmissive display area have a slow axis and an orientation axis, respectively, extending approximately perpendicularly to each other. The second retardation plate and the liquid crystal layer in the transmissive display area have respective retardations that are approximately equal to each other.