Abstract: A backlight unit includes: a light guide plate of an entirely flat structure; a light emitting element disposed on at least one side of the light guide plate; a first reflection part disposed under the light guide plate and having one side thereof extended to a region where the light emitting element is positioned; a second reflection part disposed on the light emitting element; and a housing for accommodating the light guide plate, the light emitting element, and the first and second reflection parts, wherein the housing has a second side which is vertically extended upwards with respect to a first side which defines a lateral cross section of the housing in which the light emitting element is accommodated as the lower side, and a third side which is vertically extended inwards with respect to the second side.

Abstract: The present invention provides a backlight module, having a glue frame, a light guide plate, a first light source assembly and a second light source assembly, and the light guide plate, the first, the second light source assemblies are accommodated in the glue frame, and the first light source assembly has a light source, and the second light source assembly has a substrate, a plurality of laser light sources and a diffuser, and the laser light sources are aligned on the substrate, and the light guide plate has a first, a second incident surfaces, and the light source of the first light source assembly and the first incident surface are oppositely positioned, and the laser light sources and the second incident surface are oppositely positioned, and the diffuser is positioned between the laser light sources and the second incident surface with certain distances.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a multi-screen display device, which comprises a plurality of first liquid crystal displays and a plurality of second liquid crystal displays, wherein said plurality of first liquid crystal displays are arranged at intervals, said plurality of second liquid crystal displays are disposed on the frame of two corresponding and adjacent first liquid crystal displays. The multi-screen display device disclosed by the present invention can greatly decrease the display gap between two adjacent liquid crystal displays, improving the display area and the display effect, enhancing the end user's viewing experience.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a lateral casing portion in the shape of a lateral wall which has an inner lateral surface provided in an annular arrangement; a panel structure including at least a liquid crystal panel, the liquid crystal panel including a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer held between the pair of substrates, and a seal material, the panel structure being housed in a housing space defined by the inner lateral surface of the lateral casing portion; and a resin material filling at least part of a gap formed between the inner lateral surface of the lateral casing portion and a lateral end face of the liquid crystal panel, wherein the seal material of the liquid crystal panel is covered with the resin material and the lateral casing portion.

Abstract: The present application discloses a liquid crystal display device and a backlight module thereof. The backlight module comprises a backboard, a separating plate, and a light source component; wherein the backboard has a base plate and a plurality of side plates, and the backboard is an injection molding board; the separating plate is mounted in an accommodating groove, a heat dissipation chamber is formed between the separating plate and the base plate, in the heat dissipation chamber, the backboard is provided with convection holes; the light source component comprises a plurality of lamp substrates and a plurality of LED lamps mounted on the lamp substrates, the lamp substrates are located within the heat dissipation chamber, and the separating plate is provided with transparent holes enabling light emitted by each of the LED lamps to penetrate the separating plate in a thickness direction of the separating plate.

Abstract: A backlight unit is disclosed. The backlight unit includes a light emitting device to emit light, an optical member to guide the light emitted from the light emitting device, a bottom chassis disposed on a rear surface of the optical member so as to support the optical member, a supporting member coming into partial contact with the bottom chassis so as to support a module including the light emitting device and a shock-absorbing member disposed between the rear surface of the optical member and the bottom chassis.

Abstract: The present invention provides a heat radiation of the liquid crystal module, which located around the LED source of the liquid crystal module, wherein the heat radiation comprising a plurality of radiating fins which located at the side walls of the LED source and the backlight panel. The radiating fins can be molded by bending, which can be adhered together on the side wall of the backlight panel. With adding the layer of the radiating fins, the radiating fins bonding and adhering to the back of the backlight panel, the radiating area is increasing and the heat radiation efficiency of the liquid crystal module improving in the limiting space of the liquid crystal module. The problem is resolved that lacking of the heat radiating area in the present liquid crystal module.

Abstract: Disclosed are a temperature compensation circuit for a display panel, a temperature compensation method and a liquid crystal display. The temperature compensation circuit comprises: a temperature detection unit configured to detect a variation in the temperature; a temperature conversion unit configured to convert the detected variation in the temperature into a voltage compensation value; and a compensation signal generation unit configured to process the voltage compensation value to generate a compensation signal. According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the common electrode voltage of the display panel can be adjusted in real-time when the temperature varies, so that an amount of flickers presented on the display panel with an polarity inversion can be maintained at minimum, and thus a displaying of picture can be more stable and a visual experience of a viewer can be enhanced.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments provide an advanced cooling system for an electronic display having a plurality of open loop fluid flow paths as well as a closed loop fluid flow path. The open loop divides a fluid, such as ambient air, among a series of sub-paths including front and rear open loop layers and a heat exchanger. The first and second open loop layers may comprise a corrugated element, forming peaks and valleys. The peaks and valleys of the front and rear layers may be arranged such that they do not align. A section of the rear open loop layer may be sealed from open loop flow. The closed loop preferably passes through an electronics compartment and the heat exchanger, also passing in front of the electronic display.

Abstract: A backlight device (a lighting device) 12 includes LEDs (a light source) 17, a light guide plate 16, a chassis 14, LED boards 18, and heat dissipation members 19. The light guide plate 16 includes an end surface that is opposite the LEDs 17 and configured as a light entrance surface 16b through which light from the LEDs 17 enters. One of the plate surfaces of the light guide plate 16 is configured as a light exit surface 16a through which the light exits. The chassis 14 supports another plate surface 16c of the light guide plate 16 opposite from the light exit surface 16a. Each LED board 18 includes a bottom plate 18b that extends parallel to at least the other plate surface 16c of the light guide plate 16. Each heat dissipation member 19 extends parallel to a plate surface 18b1 of the bottom plate 18b and is in surface contact with the plate surface 18b1 of the bottom plate 18b.

Abstract: A display module with heat dissipation structure and a handheld device thereof. The display module includes a touch panel, a display panel and a vapor chamber. One face of the display panel is correspondingly attached to the touch panel, while the other face of the display panel is correspondingly attached to the vapor chamber. The vapor chamber serves to support the touch panel and the display panel. Moreover, the vapor chamber serves to absorb the heat generated by the electronic component and quickly and uniformly spread the heat to dissipate the heat to achieve a heat spreading effect.

Abstract: An active-matrix organic light-emitting diode microdisplay device having a temperature control system including a temperature sensor and a control means for regulating the temperature of the OLED. The temperature is regulated by a bias transistor within the circuit, operating as a function of the temperature of the panel, such that low panel temperatures cause an increase in voltage of the bias transistor which draws a higher current through the top voltage drive transistor for self-heating the area surrounding the OLED.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a device body, a cover that is attached to the device body so as to face the device body, a contact portion that is formed with a side of the cover and is arranged at one end side in an orthogonal direction which is orthogonal to a direction in which the cover faces the device body, and a suppression portion that is formed with one end side in the orthogonal direction of the device body, suppresses release of the cover by contacting the contact portion when the cover is moved in a separation direction in which the one end side of the cover becomes separated from the device body, and allows release of the cover when the cover is rotated with the one end side as a supporting point so that the other end side in the orthogonal direction becomes separated from the device body.

Abstract: An illumination system of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus includes a spatial light modulator which varies an intensity distribution in a pupil surface. The modulator includes an array of mirrors that reflect impinging projection light into directions that depend on control signals applied to the mirrors. A prism, which directs the projection light towards the spatial light modulator, has a double pass surface on which the projection light impinges twice, namely a first time when leaving the prism and before it is reflected by the mirrors, and a second time when entering the prism and after it has been reflected by the mirrors. A pupil perturbation suppressing mechanism is provided that reduces reflections of projection light when it impinges the first time on the double pass surface, and/or prevents that light portions being a result of such reflections contribute to the intensity distribution in the pupil surface.

Abstract: A display device includes a display cell, a metal housing, a light source, a reflecting member, and a power supply circuit board. The housing supports the display cell from a rear side of the display device. The light source is attached to the housing. The light source is configured to emit light toward the display cell. The reflecting member is disposed between the display cell and the housing. The reflecting member is configured to reflect the light emitted from the light source toward the display cell. The power supply circuit board is disposed between the reflecting member and the housing.

Abstract: A display device, an electronic device, or a lighting device that is unlikely to be broken is provided. A flexible first substrate and a flexible second substrate overlap with each other with a display element provided therebetween. A flexible third substrate is bonded on the outer surface of the first substrate, and a flexible fourth substrate is bonded on the outer surface of the second substrate. The third substrate is formed using a material softer than the first substrate, and the fourth substrate is formed using a material softer than the second substrate.

Abstract: A display module including a liquid crystal panel that displays an input image, a backlight unit that produces light, at least one optical sheet that emits the light produced by the backlight unit toward a rear side of the liquid crystal panel and a temperature compensation unit having a heating sheet that transfers heat to a region of the liquid crystal panel are provided. The heating sheet has a heating wire disposed in a first region of the heating sheet and excluding a second region of the heating sheet superimposed over at least one of a liquid crystal driving board, a processing board, and a power supply unit.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence device includes a substrate, an organic electroluminescence element provided at a pixel region of the substrate, a connection terminal provided at a terminal region of the substrate, and a temperature sensor provided above the substrate, in which the temperature sensor is provided between the pixel region and the terminal region.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate, a display element, a transistor as a drive element of the display element, and a holding capacitance element holding electric charge corresponding to a video signal, and including a first conductive film, a first semiconductor layer including an oxide semiconductor, an insulating film, and a second conductive film in order of closeness to the substrate. The display element, the transistor, and the holding capacitance element are provided on the substrate.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) liquid crystal display (LCD) device is disclosed herein and the 3D LCD device includes an LCD layer, an LC electrode layer and a transparent electrode layer. The LC electrode layer is disposed on the LCD layer and a voltage is applied to the LC electrode layer to switch between 2D mode and 3D mode. The transparent electrode layer is disposed on the LC electrode layer and a voltage or current is applied to the transparent electrode layer to generate a certain heat in the 3D mode. The heat generated by the transparent electrode layer increases the temperature of the LC electrode layer so as to increase the response time of the 3D LCD device and improve the naked eye type 3D display effect of the 3D LCD device.

Abstract: A backlight unit (BLU) and a liquid crystal display apparatus having the BLU are provided. The BLU includes a plurality of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) configured to emit blue light, a fluorescent member configured to convert the blue light emitted from the plurality of LEDs into tricolor light and emit the tricolor light, and a filter disposed between the fluorescent member and the plurality of LEDs, and configured to selectively filter a first wavelength area of the tricolor light emitted from the fluorescent member toward the plurality of LEDs, and reflect a second wavelength area of the tricolor light emitted from the fluorescent member toward an output direction.

Abstract: A flexible display module includes a panel having a display unit thereon, and a built-in battery which supplies an internal power source to the panel, for driving the display unit.

Abstract: A display device includes: a display panel displaying an image; a first frame surrounding the display panel; and an adhesive between a side surface of the display panel and a side surface of the first frame, wherein the display device is attached and fixed to the first frame by the adhesive.

Abstract: The backlight device (24) of the present invention is provided with: a heat-dissipating member (36) having a bottom surface part (36a); a light guide plate (20) that has a light-receiving face (20a) on the side face thereof and that is arranged such that the back surface of the plate faces the front of the bottom surface part (36a); and LED light-source (28) that is arranged opposite to the light-receiving face (20a) above the front surface of the bottom surface part (36a); a reflective sheet (26) that is arranged to be in contact with the back surface of the light-guide plate (20); and a protruding part (38) that is formed so as to protrude from the front surface of the bottom surface part (36a) between the LED light source (28) and the light-receiving face (20a), the protruding part (38) being higher than the back surface of the light guide plate (20).

Abstract: A LCD device comprising the liquid crystal cell and a surface modification method for an IR material are provided. The IR material is obtained via the surface modification method, and a component comprising the IR material is disposed in the liquid crystal cell. As the liquid crystal cell can emit infrared light, it is beneficial for healthy. The surface modified IR material is compatible and has optimal matching property with the structure of the liquid crystal cell, the heat exchange capacity between the IR material and the backlight as well the ambient light can be improved without compromising the performance of the LCD device, and the surface modified IR material will emit far-IR light of specific wavelength with higher emissivity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a backlight module and a display device for solving the problem of energy waste due to insufficient use of heat generated by a backlight module in the prior art. In this case, the backlight module comprises a light source arranged at a light-incident side of a display panel to provide light for the display panel, and a hollow humidifying container arranged at the back of the light source.

Abstract: A liquid crystal shutter includes: a first plate including a first transparent electrode layer, a second plate disposed parallel to the first plate and including a second transparent electrode layer, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first plate and the second plate and is configured to transmit or block light according to a first potential difference between the first transparent electrode layer and the second transparent electrode layer, and a heating electrode configured to generate a second potential difference for generating heat in the first transparent electrode layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal projector which prevents deterioration of the aluminum grid inorganic polarizing plate due to dust in the cooling air for cooling the liquid crystal panel module. A shade member along the surface of the inorganic polarizing plate prevents the surface from being directly hit by the cooling wind and thus prevents dust from attaching to the surface of the plate.

Abstract: A projector includes a light source lamp, a lighting control unit adapted to supply a lamp electric power to turn on the light source lamp, a cooling unit adapted to send a cooling fluid to cool the light source lamp, and a start control unit adapted to, from the start of turn-on of the light source lamp until a predetermined period elapses, adjust at least one of the length of the predetermined period and a limited flow rate, which is the flow rate of the cooling fluid per unit time sent from the cooling unit within the predetermined period, on the basis of an operation history of the light source lamp to control the operation of the cooling unit.

Abstract: An illumination system of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus includes a spatial light modulator which varies an intensity distribution in a pupil surface. The modulator includes an array of mirrors that reflect impinging projection light into directions that depend on control signals applied to the mirrors. A prism, which directs the projection light towards the spatial light modulator, has a double pass surface on which the projection light impinges twice, namely a first time when leaving the prism and before it is reflected by the mirrors, and a second time when entering the prism and after it has been reflected by the mirrors. A pupil perturbation suppressing mechanism is provided that reduces reflections of projection light when it impinges the first time on the double pass surface, and/or prevents that light portions being a result of such reflections contribute to the intensity distribution in the pupil surface.

Abstract: A thermal carrier and method control a temperature of an LCOS display panel. The temperature of the LCOS display panel is determined Electrical power to a heating element within a thermal carrier carrying the LCOS display panel is increased when the temperature of the LCOS display panel is below a first temperature threshold and electrical power to the heating element is decreased when the temperature of the LCOS display panel is above a second temperature threshold.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display (LCD) with improved heat dissipation and reduced thickness. The LCD includes for an embodiment: a lower housing; a heat-dissipating member which is disposed in the lower housing; a plurality of point light sources which are disposed on the heat-dissipating member; a plurality of electric wires which supply power to the point light sources; and a light guide plate (LGP) which is disposed in the lower housing in such a way that side surfaces of the LGP face the point light sources.

Abstract: A cooling assembly for a dual electronic image assembly having an open and closed gaseous loop. A closed gaseous loop allows circulating gas to travel across the front surface of a pair of electronic image assemblies and through a heat exchanger. An open loop allows ambient gas to pass through the heat exchanger and extract heat from the circulating gas. An optional additional open loop may be used to cool the back portion of the electronic image assembly (optionally a backlight). The cooling assembly can be used with any type of electronic assembly for producing an image. Some embodiments use cross-flow heat exchangers comprised of corrugated plastic.

Abstract: A display device and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The display device includes a display module with a light emitting surface and a heat dissipating surface opposite to the light emitting surface. A non-transparent heat dissipating layer is affixed to the heat dissipating surface. A plurality of pre-split lines is formed on the non-transparent heat dissipating layer; the pre-split lines define a plurality of adjacent separable areas on the non-transparent heat dissipating layer. The non-transparent heat dissipating layer is affixed to the heat dissipating surface by an adhesive layer. When the display module needs to be repaired, at least one separable area may be torn off to form a window exposed on the heat dissipating surface.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a liquid crystal display panel which displays an image, a light guide plate, a backlight unit including a light source part which generates and supplies light, and a panel temperature adjusting member on a surface of the liquid crystal display panel. The panel temperature adjusting member includes a transparent resistor, and a power supply which supplies power to the transparent resistor. The transparent resistor emits a larger amount of heat to a region of the liquid crystal display panel, which is distant from the light source part, than to a region close to the light source part, such that the liquid crystal display panel has uniform temperature distribution.

Abstract: A LCD device comprising the liquid crystal cell and a surface modification method for an IR material are provided. The IR material is obtained via the surface modification method, and a component comprising the IR material is disposed in the liquid crystal cell. As the liquid crystal cell can emit infrared light, it is beneficial for healthy. The surface modified IR material is compatible and has optimal matching property with the structure of the liquid crystal cell, the heat exchange capacity between the IR material and the backlight as well the ambient light can be improved without compromising the performance of the LCD device, and the surface modified IR material will emit far-IR light of specific wavelength with higher emissivity.

Abstract: A chip heat dissipation structure and a liquid crystal display having thereof are provided. The chip heat dissipation structure includes a metal heat dissipation member contacted with a chip. The metal heat dissipation member is connected to a metal protection cover of a printed circuit board. The metal heat dissipation member is perpendicular to the metal protection cover. The present invention also relates to a liquid crystal display. The chip heat dissipation structure and a liquid crystal display having thereof of the present invention have a good heat dissipation effect.

Abstract: A display device includes a panel including pixels defined by data lines and gate lines, a housing chassis covering a sidewall and an edge of the panel, a printed circuit board under the panel, the printed circuit board including circuit elements configured to generate at least one of a data signal, a gate signal, and a control signal, a chip on film connecting the printed circuit board to the panel, the chip on film between the housing chassis and the sidewall of the panel, a driver integrated circuit mounted on the chip on film and configured to respond to the control signal and drive at least one of the data signal and the gate signal applied to the data lines and the gate lines, and a connection unit attaching the chip on film to the housing chassis and dissipating heat generated by the driver integrated circuit to the housing chassis.

Abstract: A method for cooling an electronic image assembly using ambient gas. Exemplary embodiments of the method include the steps of circulating a closed loop of circulating gas around the electronic image assembly, directing a flow of ambient air through a first manifold, allowing the flow of ambient air to cross the flow of circulating gas without allowing the two to mix, directing the flow of ambient air behind the electronic image assembly and directing the flow of ambient air through a second manifold. The circulating gas may be used to cool a front portion of the electronic image assembly. A cross through plate may be used to allow the ambient gas and circulating gas to cross paths without mixing. A heat exchanger may be included with some embodiments of the method.

Abstract: Provided is an outdoor display apparatus having an improved configuration to effectively prevent deterioration of a panel included therein. The outdoor display apparatus includes: a casing body having an air inlet and an air outlet; first and second display panel modules in the casing body to display images on front and rear surfaces of the casing body, respectively; transparent members fitted respectively to the front surface and the rear surface of the casing body to protect the first and second display panel modules; an air suction unit to suction the air into the casing body through the inlet and to discharge the air through the outlet; and an air distribution unit to distribute the air discharged from the air suction unit to at least one of the first display panel module and the second display panel module.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a backplane, a backlight module, and an LCD device. A backplane comprises a heatsink plate and a supporting plate connected with the heatsink plate; the heat conductivity of the heatsink plate is larger than that of the supporting plate; the heatsink plate or the supporting plate is provided with reinforcing ribs in the joint. In the present invention, metal with good heat dispersion and common material with low cost are respectively adopted and joined according to different radiating areas of the backlight module; then, the heat dispersion is ensured and meanwhile, the cost is reduced. The reinforcing ribs are added in the joint so that the strength of the joint is enhanced and the backplane is tightened and durable.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a main frame having a rectangular ring shape; a reflecting plate on the main frame; a light guide plate on the reflecting plate; a light emitting diode (LED) assembly along at least one side of the main frame, the LED assembly having a plurality of LEDs and an LED printed circuit board (PCB), the LED PCB including a first portion having the plurality of LEDs thereon and a second portion perpendicular to the first portion; an LED housing contacting the LED PCB; a plurality of optical sheets on the light guide plate; a liquid crystal panel on the plurality of optical sheets; a bottom frame under the reflecting plate, the bottom frame including a horizontal plate contacting the reflecting plate and a sidewall perpendicular to the horizontal plate, the sidewall contacting the LED housing; and a top frame covering a front edge portion of the liquid crystal panel, the top frame, the main frame and the bottom frame coupled to each other.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are heat treatment apparatuses and methods for liquid crystal display (LCD) cells, which are capable of rapidly transferring heat to liquid crystals injected into an LCD cell, not only to reduce the time taken for the liquid crystals to be changed into a liquid phase, but also to physically promote diffusion of the liquid crystals, thereby achieving a more uniform distribution of the liquid crystals. The apparatus includes a liquid bath, in which a liquid is contained as a medium to transfer heat to the liquid crystals in the LCD cells, a loading device to load or unload the LCD cells into/from the liquid bath, a heater installed in the liquid bath, the heater heating the liquid contained in the liquid bath and transfer heat to the liquid crystals, and a sound wave transmitter installed in the liquid bath and transmitting sound waves to the liquid crystals.

Abstract: An electro-optical panel is disposed in a panel housing portion formed inside of a frame. A heat radiation member made of metal is provided so as to overlap an exposed part from a first light transmitting plate on a second surface of a first substrate using the electro-optical panel, and the heat radiation member and the frame are fixed by an adhesive. A step portion is formed on a side surface of the panel housing portion, a surface facing the heat radiation member in a Z-axis direction is used as a first bonding surface, and a surface facing the heat radiation member in an X-axis direction (inner side surface of a plate-like portion) is used as a second bonding surface.

Abstract: Provided is a display apparatus including a display panel for displaying an image, a heat source arranged at a side surface of at least one side of the display panel, a heat absorbing section for absorbing heat generated by the heat source, a back surface plate arranged at a back surface side of the display panel and made of a metal, a portion of the back surface plate being in close contact with the heat absorbing section, a front surface plate arranged at a front surface side of the display panel and made of a metal, and a middle chassis arranged between the front surface plate and the heat absorbing section.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment relates to a cooling system and a method for cooling an electronic display. A preferred embodiment includes a transparent gas cooling chamber. The transparent gas cooling chamber may have a linear polarizer. The components in the system are preferably housed within the electronic display housing. The cooling chamber defines a gas compartment that is anterior to and coextensive with the electronic display surface. Fans may be used to propel the isolated gas through the cooling chamber. The circulating gas removes heat directly from the electronic display surface by convection. The isolated gas is transparent or at least semi-transparent. The image quality of an exemplary embodiment remains essentially unchanged, even though the gas is flowing through a narrow channel over the visible face of the electronic display surface.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes at least one light modulation device, an outer frame portion, and a cooling portion. The at least one light modulation device is configured to modulate light coming from a light source unit. The outer frame portion is arranged around the at least one light modulation device to enclose the at least one light modulation device. The cooling portion includes a base portion, a heat reception portion, and a heat discharge portion. The base portion is connected to the outer frame portion to enclose the at least one light modulation device. The heat reception portion is configured to receive internal heat on an inside of the base portion. The heat discharge portion is thermally connected to the heat reception portion and configured to discharge the internal heat on an outside of the base portion.

Abstract: Thermochromic filters use combinations of absorptive, reflective, thermoabsorptive, and thermoreflective elements covering different portions of the solar spectrum, to achieve different levels of energy savings, throw, shading, visible light transmission, and comfort. Embodiments include stopband filters in the near-infrared spectrum.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel that displays images and comprises a an outer frame, a light irradiating part that irradiates light toward a back surface of the display panel, a heat radiating plate that radiates heat generated by the light irradiating part and is grounded, a plurality of protective members provided along the outer frame of the display panel, wherein at least one of the plurality of protective members is an opposing protective member that opposes the heat radiating plate, and a conductive member interposed between and electrically connects the opposing protective member and the heat radiating plate.

Abstract: Preferred embodiments provide a cooling system for an electronic display. A constricted convection channel is used to force cooling air against a posterior surface of the electronic display. Fans may be used to propel or pull air through the constricted convection channel in a substantially uniform manner. A refrigeration unit or thermoelectric module may be employed to cool or heat the air traveling through the constricted convection channel. Some embodiments include a closed loop which extracts heat (or adds heat) to the front display surface.