Abstract: An ophthalmologic photographing apparatus is disclosed which is capable of photographing a predetermined area of a subject's eye. The apparatus includes a light projecting unit configured to project visible light to a subject's eye, a detection unit configured to measure a pupil diameter, which is caused by the light projecting unit, and a control unit configured to determine the amount of change in diameter and to control a photographing operation based on the amount of change determined by the control unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for monitoring one or more parameters of the eye of a patient over multiple sessions which are temporally spaced apart and between which the eye of the patient can have moved, said apparatus comprising: a camera for taking one or more images of the eye; an illumination unit for illuminating the eye by a ring-shaped light pattern to generate corneal reflections, said illumination unit being preferably located such that the center of the ring is coaxial with the optical axis of the camera; a module for determining during a first session the location of the corneal reflections in the image of the eye; a module for determining during said first session based on said determined location of the corneal reflections, at least one further parameter of the eye and its coordinates in a first coordinate system based on a geometrical model representing the eye as a spherical eyeball having a spherically shaped cornea mounted thereon; a module for determining during a second session temporally spaced apart fro

Abstract: A pattern processing device includes: an input unit to input an input image containing a plurality of pattern elements; an extraction unit that calculates edge intensities of pixels from the input image so as to extract edge pixels; an evaluation unit that obtains evaluation values for determining whether the pixels are foreground pixels or background pixels, based on comparison result between first thresholds set corresponding to the edge pixels and pixel values of pixels contained in vicinity regions of the edge pixels; a binarization determining unit that determines whether the pixels are the foreground pixels or the background pixels by comparing the evaluation values with a predetermined second threshold, and a coupling component extraction unit that extracts pixel coupling components obtained by coupling the pixels adjacent in any direction among the pixels determined to be the foreground pixels.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed in which a topographic parameter is determined in each hemidivision of the eye by considering the topography of reflected images from a multiplicity of illuminated concentric rings of the cornea. A simulated spherocylinder is produced to fit into each ring and conform to the topography thereof from which a topographic parameter for each ring can be obtained. All of the topographic parameters of each ring are combined and a mean summated value is obtained representing magnitude and meridian of each hemidivision. From these parameters, a single topographic value for the entire eye (CorT) can be found as well as a value representing topographic disparity (TD) between the two hemidivisions. The topography values for the hemidivisions are used in a vector planning system to obtain treatment parameters in a single step operation.

Abstract: Example embodiments of a large dynamic range sequential wavefront sensor for vision correction or assessment procedures are disclosed. An example embodiment includes first and second optically coupled 4F relays and a variable focus lens disposed substantially at the image plane of the first 4F relay and the object plane of the second 4F relay.

Abstract: Systems and methods for efficiently obtaining optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurement data with reduced effects of motion are presented. One embodiment involves determining the amount of motion present during the collection of an OCT data set based on images of the eye collected at the same time as the OCT data, and recollecting select portions of the OCT data set when the amount of eye motion is determined to exceed a predetermined threshold. Another embodiment includes enabling or disabling a tracking feature based on the quality of the images available for tracking. Another embodiment includes reducing the effect of motion in the axial direction based on a comparison to a model of the eye constructed from OCT data. The method can also be used to reduce the presence of mirror image artifacts in an OCT image.

Abstract: Examples of methods and apparatus for an accurate measurement of the anterior surface of the eye including the corneal and scleral regions are disclosed. The measurements provide a three-dimensional map of the surface which can be used for a variety of ophthalmic and optometric applications from astigmatism and keratoconus diagnostics to scleral lens fitting.

Abstract: The different illustrative embodiments provide a method, computer program product, and apparatus for manufacturing a scleral contact lens. A number of dimensions for the scleral lens is generated based on a shape of an eye. An alteration to a first wavefront of light caused by the first wavefront of light traveling through a pupil of the eye is identified. A modification configured to be made to a posterior surface of the scleral lens is generated based on the alteration. The modification removes the alteration for a second wavefront of light traveling through the scleral lens and the pupil of the eye.

Abstract: In order to measure a cornea with the aid of a projection (S11) of a two-dimensional reference pattern onto the cornea and of a detection (S12) of the reflection pattern reflected by the cornea by virtue of the reference pattern, a plurality of different reflection images of one or more reflection patterns reflected by the cornea are stored (S13). For points on the cornea a phase value of the reflection pattern is respectively calculated on the basis of intensities respectively measured in the stored reflection images at a pixel corresponding to the relevant point. At least one measured geometrical value of the cornea is calculated (S2) on the basis of the calculated phase value. The measurement of the cornea on the basis of a plurality of different reflection images of one or more reflection patterns reflected by the cornea enables a continuous measurement of the cornea in which corresponding pixels are acquired and evaluated for each point on the cornea.

Abstract: A method of determining a corneal thickness and an apparatus for determining said is provided. The method comprises the following the steps: —illuminating a cornea by a plurality of stimulator point light sources, capturing an image of the cornea comprising reflected images of the stimulator point light sources, obtaining a model representing an anterior surface of the cornea, —constructing a second model representing a posterior surface of the cornea from the image by ray-tracing the reflected images of the stimulator point light sources towards the model representing the anterior surface of the cornea, determining the corneal thickness from the model representing the anterior surface and the second model representing the posterior surface.

Abstract: The present invention discloses methods of obtaining ophthalmic lens capable of reducing the aberrations of the eye comprising the steps of characterizing at least one corneal surface as a mathematical model, calculating the resulting aberrations of said corneal surface(s) by employing said mathematical model, selecting the optical power of the intraocular lens. From this information, an ophthalmic lens is modeled so a wavefront arriving from an optical system comprising said lens and corneal model obtains reduced aberrations in the eye. Also disclosed are ophthalmic lenses as obtained by the methods which are capable reducing aberrations of the eye.

Abstract: This invention describes a corneal topographer with a light source to project a pattern light on the cornea, imaging optics for collecting the reflection from the cornea and projecting it on to a photo-sensor, an optical mask to modulate the light beam such that focusing error of the corneal image results in displacement of its spatial spectrum relative to a reference spectrum. Defocus maps, depth-maps and a corneal topogram can be constructed by measuring and processing the spectral displacement corresponding different sub-regions of the cornea. The cornea topographer is compact and inexpensive. The corneal topograph can be used in refractive eye surgery and in contact lens fitting.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and software for determining a set of analytical or numerical polynomials that is orthonormal over circular or noncircular pupils are described. Closed-form orthonormal polynomials for circular, annular, hexagonal, elliptical, rectangular, and square pupils are derived. Such techniques can be applied to ray tracing as in the optical design and wavefront fitting from measurement as in the optical testing. These approaches can also be applied to wavefront reconstruction in adaptive optics.

Abstract: A telepresence device allows a remote meeting participant to establish a telepresence at a remote meeting location. The telepresence device provides a video image of the remote meeting participant on a video display screen at a meeting location To enhance the visual sensation that the remote person is present at the meeting location, the telepresence device may display the silhouette image of the remote meeting participant without the image of the background scene of the remote participant's location (e.g., office, home or home office). Further, the telepresence device may be equipped with a rear-facing camera that captures a video image of the background scene behind the telepresence device at the meeting location. The silhouette image of the remote meeting participant may be superimposed on the video image of the background scene at the meeting location, which is captured by the rear-facing camera.

Abstract: A sequential wavefront sensor includes a light source, a beam deflecting element, a position sensing detector configured to output a plurality of output signals and a plurality of composite transimpedance amplifiers each coupled to receive an output signal. The output of each composite transimpedance amplifier is phase-locked to a light source drive signal and a beam deflecting element drive signal.

Abstract: An ocular system for detecting ocular abnormalities and conditions creates photorefractive digital images of a patient's retinal reflex. The system includes a computer control system, a two-dimensional array of infrared irradiation sources and a digital infrared image sensor. The amount of light provided by the array of irradiation sources is adjusted by the computer so that ocular signals from the image sensor are within a targeted range. Enhanced, adaptive, photorefraction is used to observe and measure the optical effects of Keratoconus. Multiple near-infrared (NIR) sources are preferably used with the photorefractive configuration to quantitatively characterize the aberrations of the eye. The infrared light is invisible to a patient and makes the procedure more comfortable than current ocular examinations.

Abstract: An wavefront sensor uses a calibration wave generator to calculate correction factors to be applied to ratiometric combinations of position sensor output signals to determine real centroid deflection values.

Abstract: Combined equipment for non-contacting determination of axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (VKT) and corneal curvature (HHK) of the eye, are also important for the selection of the intraocular lens IOL to be implanted, particularly the selection of an intraocular lens (IOL) to be implanted, preferably with fixation of the eye by means of a fixating lamp and/or illumination through light sources grouped eccentrically about the observation axis.

Abstract: A system for determining biomechanical properties of corneal tissue includes a light source configured to provide an incident light and a confocal microscopy system configured to scan the incident light across a plurality of cross-sections of corneal tissue. The incident light is reflected by the corneal tissue as scattered light. The system also includes a filter or attenuating device configured to block or attenuate the Rayleigh peak frequency of the scattered light, a spectrometer configured to receive the scattered light and process frequency characteristics of the received scattered light to determine a Brillouin frequency shift in response to the Rayleigh peak frequency being blocked or attenuated by the filter or attenuating device, and a processor configured to generate a three-dimensional profile of the corneal tissue according to the determined Brillouin frequency shift. The three-dimensional profile provides an indicator of one or more biomechanical properties of the corneal tissue.

Abstract: An ophthalmologic apparatus images a cross-section of the cornea of the eye to be examined based on return light from the eye illuminated with measurement light, measures a corneal thickness from a cornea cross-sectional image of the imaged eye, and corrects the corneal thickness based on the position of the cornea cross-sectional image on an imaging plane.

Abstract: A binocular multiplexing device for a single-channel ophthalmological instrument for objective measurement of at least one vision parameter of a subject, the ophthalmological instrument including elements for generating a single light beam, elements for collecting a measurement beam by reflecting and/or refracting the light beam against the subject's eye and a sensor associated with the single measurement channel.

Abstract: If an intraocular lens is inserted in an eye to be examined, characteristics of the eye to be examined are measured after increasing light intensity of visible light projected onto the eye to be examined to be higher than light intensity at the time of measurement of an eye to be examined in which no intraocular lens is inserted.

Abstract: A control program for controlling a source of electromagnetic radiation, with which a cross-linking in eye tissue of a patient is implemented by means of a photosensitiser introduced into the tissue in order to bring about a change in the eye tissue with reference to its form and/or one of its mechanical properties, the control program having been produced with the following steps: a) measurement data with reference to the patient and the eye are acquired, b) with the measurement data and treatment parameters, which involve a predetermined auxiliary control program for controlling the source of electromagnetic radiation, an outcome with reference to the change in the eye tissue obtained with these treatment parameters is simulated in a computer, c) the change simulated in this way is compared with a change in the eye tissue to be achieved, d) when step c) yields a sufficient agreement between the simulated change and the change in the eye tissue to be achieved, the auxiliary control program applied in step

Abstract: An apparatus including a position sensing detector and a processing system, with the processing system configured to determine axis of astigmatism and cylinder and sphere diopter values of a subject eye.

Abstract: Example embodiments of a large dynamic range sequential wavefront sensor for vision correction or assessment procedures are disclosed. An example embodiment optically relays a wavefront from an eye pupil or corneal plane to a wavefront sampling plane in such a manner that somewhere in the relaying process, the wavefront beam from the eye within a large eye diopter range is made to reside within a desired physical dimension over a certain axial distance range in a wavefront image space and/or a Fourier transform space. As a result, a wavefront beam shifting device can be disposed there to fully intercept and hence shift the whole beam to transversely shift the relayed wavefront.

Abstract: An intraocular lens (IOL), system, and method having a base lens and a complementary lens selected to form a curved image surface matching a retina surface when placed in an eye's line of sight.

Abstract: There is provided a system, apparatus and methods for enhancing the illumination of structures of the eye using predetermined scan patterns of an illuminating light beam. The systems, apparatus and methods further provide for obtaining enhanced single images of multiple structures of the eye.

Abstract: Combined equipment for non-contacting determination of axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (VKT) and corneal curvature (HHK) of the eye, are also important for the selection of the intraocular lens IOL to be implanted, particularly the selection of an intraocular lens (IOL) to be implanted, preferably with fixation of the eye by means of a fixating lamp and/or illumination through light sources grouped eccentrically about the observation axis.

Abstract: An opthalmological measuring instrument, e.g. for determining the corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth, axial length, or the like, including measuring systems for determining measurement of the mentioned physical parameters. The measuring systems are connected to an evaluation unit which verifies whether quality parameters regarding the measurements are satisfied and generates a corresponding signal that indicates to the medical professional user that a proper measurement can be taken.

Abstract: A system, method and program product for providing a reflexive data collection system and a reflexive data verification system. A system is provided that includes: a system for defining a set of environmental conditions; a device for automatically implementing the set of environmental conditions; a system for collecting biometric data under the set of environmental conditions; and a system for encoding the biometric data and the set of environmental conditions into a reflexive template.

Abstract: A system, method and program product for providing a reflexive data collection system. A system is provided that includes: a system for defining a set of environmental conditions; a device for automatically implementing the set of environmental conditions; a system for collecting biometric data under the set of environmental conditions; and a system for encoding the biometric data and the set of environmental conditions into a reflexive template.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for extrapolating diagnostic data relating to one pupil diameter to another pupil diameter. Embodiments according to the invention are more particularly directed to extrapolating wavefront aberration data, for example, in the form of Zernike polynomial data, obtained from a smaller pupil diameter, d1, to a larger pupil diameter, d2. Data relating to the first pupil diameter d1 may be obtained in a diagnostic procedure. In the extrapolation, a conversion matrix M is utilized. The conversion matrix M can be generated from a static matrix and a dynamic matrix, the latter taking the pupil diameter d1 into consideration. Data relating the first pupil diameter d1 and wavefront aberration data can be ordered via a permutation matrix P. If necessary, Extrapolated data can be re-ordered via a transposed permutation matrix PT.

Abstract: An auto refracto-keratometer not only produces a black-and-white image for observing the alignment of eyes to be examined using an infrared illumination light but also has a color observation optical system for observing a condition of eyes to be examined using color-illumination light. The auto refracto-keratometer comprises an infrared optical system for examining an alignment and corneal curvature of eyes to be examined; a fogging optical system for relaxing accommodation of the eyes; a measuring optical system for measuring refractive power of the eyes; and a color observation optical system having a visible light source for emitting at least one visible light to the eyes and a 2-dimensional imaging device for detecting image of visible light reflected by the eyes.

Abstract: Methods and systems for changing a property of an eye. A property of the eye can be changed using an aspheric profile for increasing a depth of focus. Aspheric profile generation can include calculating a shape for increasing the focal depth to be rotationally symmetrical.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a position detecting unit for detecting the position when a positioning unit completes positioning in a working distance direction, a first acquisition unit for acquiring information about a curvature radius of a cornea of a subject's eye, a second acquisition unit for acquiring information about an intraocular pressure of the subject's eye at a predetermined position in a movable range, which is set in the working distance direction in such a way as not to exceed a proximity limit position relative to the subject's eye, and a control unit for controlling the second acquisition unit based on outputs of the position detecting unit and the first acquisition unit in such a way as to maintain a predetermined distance between the cornea of the subject's eye and the proximity limit position in the working distance direction, regardless of the curvature radius of the cornea of the subject's eye.

Abstract: In order to measure a cornea with the aid of a projection (S11) of a two-dimensional reference pattern onto the cornea and of a detection (S12) of the reflection pattern reflected by the cornea by virtue of the reference pattern, a plurality of different reflection images of one or more reflection patterns reflected by the cornea are stored (S13). For points on the cornea a phase value of the reflection pattern is respectively calculated on the basis of intensities respectively measured in the stored reflection images at a pixel corresponding to the relevant point. At least one measured geometrical value of the cornea is calculated (S2) on the basis of the calculated phase value. The measurement of the cornea on the basis of a plurality of different reflection images of one or more reflection patterns reflected by the cornea enables a continuous measurement of the cornea in which corresponding pixels are acquired and evaluated for each point on the cornea.

Abstract: An eye simulation system for testing wavefront sensor systems, the eye stimulation system comprising a housing having a chamber with an opening for allowing light to enter said chamber, a fluid located in the chamber, said fluid having a known index of refraction, a lens positioned relative to said housing such that light entering the opening of the chamber passes through said lens, and a rotatable imaging surface positioned in said chamber such that light passing through said lens propagates through said fluid and is incident on said rotatable imaging surface.

Abstract: An ophthalmoscopic surgical contact lens for placement on an eye of a patient is disclosed. The surgical contact lens includes an optic surrounded by a rim and at least one flange. The optic includes an aspheric anterior surface and a posterior surface having a shape substantially corresponding to the shape of a human cornea. The rim, comprising an edge surrounding the optic, provides the user with a gripping surface conducive to manual positioning and repositioning of the lens against a human eye. The flange may include a plurality of tabs extending from a periphery of the flange, wherein each tab is shaped and configured to conform to the curvature of a human sclera. Various embodiments of the contact lenses disclosed herein facilitate the visualization of structures within the interior of an eye, such as may be necessary during vitreoretinal surgical procedures.

Abstract: Example embodiments of a large dynamic range sequential wavefront sensor for vision correction or assessment procedures are disclosed. An example embodiment optically relays a wavefront from an eye pupil or corneal plane to a wavefront sampling plane in such a manner that somewhere in the relaying process, the wavefront beam from the eye within a large eye diopter range is made to reside within a desired physical dimension over a certain axial distance range in a wavefront image space and/or a Fourier transform space. As a result, a wavefront beam shifting device can be disposed there to fully intercept and hence shift the whole beam to transversely shift the relayed wavefront.

Abstract: An ophthalmic imaging apparatus for imaging a subject's eye includes a detection unit configured to detect facts that the subject's eye moves by an amount of movement thereof, which is equal to or more than a predetermined value, and that the movement thereof is finished, and an imaging start unit configured to start imaging of the subject's eye according to a result of detection by the detection unit.

Abstract: A system for determining the surface shape of the cornea of an eye by analyzing the reflection of a spatially distributed ring pattern. The system includes an element for generating a ring pattern, an illuminating unit, an image capturing unit, and a control and analyzing unit. The element for generating rings is a fresneled axicon with annular structures of different radii. Furthermore, an optical element for illuminating the entire surface of the fresneled axicon with plane waves and an optical element for separating the illuminating and detecting beam path are arranged between the illuminating unit and the fresneled axicon. Furthermore, the image capturing unit consisting of an imaging system and an image sensor is designed for a telecentric distance-independent image detection.

Abstract: A portable non-contact tonometer (2) for measuring Intra-Ocular Pressure (IOP) of subject's eye is presented. Tonometer (2) is designed to be operated by the subject himself. It is housed in a hand-held case (4) which contains compressed air source (40), eye alignment detectors (12, 14), cornea applanation detector system (8, 10), a pressure sensor (32) and optical system for presenting gaze target (48). The animated gaze target (48) advantageously draws subject's attention to itself and keeps his eye (62) in alignment long enough for the measurement to take place, while optionally displaying system status and operating instructions. An audio annunciation system (16) guides the subject in the operation of the tonometer and prepares him for the actual procedure. The timing of the air puff is randomized to prevent subject's conditioning. The overall operation of the tonometer is controlled by a built-in microprocessor (50) system.

Abstract: A system for determining the shape of a cornea of an eye illuminates at least one of the interior surface, the posterior surface, and the interior region of the eye with infrared light of a wavelength that can generate fluorescent light from the portion of the cornea illuminated. The generated fluorescent light is then detected. A step of illuminating can comprise focusing the infrared light in a plurality of different planes substantially perpendicular to the optical axis of the eye. From the detected light it is possible to create a map of at least a portion of the interior surface, at least a portion of the posterior surface, and/or portion of the interior region of the cornea. Clarity of vision can be determined by generating autofluorescence from proteins in the pigment epithelial cells of the retina.

Abstract: A macular health measurement and storage system comprises a plurality of macular-pigment measurement machine for measuring macular pigment density in humans, a plurality of computers each of which is associated with a corresponding one the macular-pigment measuring machines, and a central host. The plurality of macular-pigment measurement machines include a device for receiving macular pigment data from a patient, at least one data transfer port, and at least one processor that enables the transfer of the macular pigment data from the transfer port. The plurality of computers include a first port coupled to the data transfer port of the corresponding macular-pigment measurement machine for receiving the macular pigment data. Each of the computers includes a second port for transferring patient data. The central host is coupled to the second ports on each of the plurality of computers. The central host includes a storage device for storing the patient data.

Abstract: In certain embodiments, determining physical lengths of an eye includes determining an optical length of each segment of a plurality of segments of an axis of the eye, where each segment corresponds to a portion of the eye. A refractive index is determined for each segment. A physical length of each segment is determined according to the optical length and the refractive index of the segment.

Abstract: The different illustrative embodiments provide a method, computer program product, and apparatus for manufacturing a scleral contact lens. A number of dimensions for the scleral lens is generated based on a shape of an eye. An alteration to a first wavefront of light caused by the first wavefront of light traveling through a pupil of the eye is identified. A modification configured to be made to a posterior surface of the scleral lens is generated based on the alteration. The modification removes the alteration for a second wavefront of light traveling through the scleral lens and the pupil of the eye.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus according to the present invention includes an acquisition unit configured to acquire a tomography image of a target to be captured, a detection unit configured to detect layer boundaries of a plurality of layers sequentially positioned in the depth direction from the acquired tomography image, and a determination unit configured to determine a structure of the target to be captured according to the number of the detected layer boundaries.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems for predicting an optical acuity measure of an optical system of an eye. An optical acuity measure can be predicted by determining a point spread function based on a wavefront measurement of an eye, convolving a resolution target with the point spread function to produce an image, and predicting the optical acuity measure of the optical system of the eye based on the image.

Abstract: A corneal topographer is described, the topographer comprising: —a multi-colored stimulator comprising a plurality of light sources arranged to form a multicolored pattern of source points for projecting a plurality of light rays onto a surface of an object of interest, such as a cornea; —a lens-camera system arranged to receiving a respective plurality of reflected light rays reflected of the surface of the object of interest, thereby forming a pattern of image points; —a computational unit for determining a mathematical model of the surface; the computation unit comprising a memory unit provided with color pattern information based on the multicolored pattern of source points of the stimulator; the computational unit being arranged to, for each of the plurality of reflected light rays, establishing a one-to-one correspondence between a source point and an image point based on the color pattern information; the computational unit further being arranged to construct, based on positions of the image points and

Abstract: A cornea shape measurement apparatus includes: a first projecting optical system configured to project a first target on the cornea; a first imaging optical system configured to capture a reflection image of the first target projected on the cornea; a second projecting optical system configured to project a second target different from the first target on the cornea to measure a corneal shape; a second imaging optical system configured to capture a reflection image of the second target projected on the cornea; and a calculation controller configured to adjust the amount of projection light of the second projecting optical system based on the reflection image of the first target, the reflection image having been acquired by the first imaging optical system, and measuring the corneal shape of an examinee's eye based on the reflection image of the second target, the reflection image having been captured by the imaging optical system.