Abstract: The present disclosure is related to a method and apparatus for determining a physiologic perturbation of a patient including acquiring a video sequence, including a plurality of video frames, of an eye of a patient, selecting at least one parameter of a plurality of parameters including a baseline pupil size, a maximum change in size of a pupil, an average velocity of constriction of the pupil, a maximum velocity of constriction of the pupil, latency of constriction of the pupil, and a velocity of re-dilation of the pupil, determining, using processing circuitry and based on the plurality of video frames, the selected at least one parameter of the plurality of parameters, and determining the physiologic perturbation of the patient based on the determined at least one parameter, where the least one parameter of the plurality of parameters is selected based on which physiologic perturbation of the patient is to be determined.

Abstract: An ophthalmological apparatus includes a measurement unit configured to analyze a tomographic image and measure a layer thickness of a predetermined tissue of an eye being examined, a position identifying unit configured to identify positions of a plurality of parts of the eye being examined, a storage unit configured to store statistical data of layer thicknesses of the predetermined tissue of a plurality of eyes that have been examined, a position alignment unit configured to perform position alignment on an image of the eye being examined and an image represented by the statistical data, by using information regarding the positions of the plurality of parts, and a comparison unit configured to compare the layer thickness of the predetermined tissue of the eye being examined with the statistical data of the layer thicknesses of the predetermined tissue of the plurality of eyes that have been examined.

Abstract: In pattern matching for detecting a positional difference between tomographic images of an eye to be examined, a target within the eye to be examined which causes a reduction in the similarity even though there is no positional difference, is selectively excluded.

Abstract: A test of visual function and/or functional vision may be performed at varying luminance levels. A first course may be selected for a subject. A given course may comprise a layout having a beginning point, at least one turn, at least one obstacle, and an ending point. The first course may be illuminated with a first luminance level based on an estimated lower light sensitivity cutoff. The subject may be prompted to perform a first run of the test. The test may comprise, from the beginning point to the ending point, navigating the layout of the first course by walking around the at least one turn and avoiding the at least one obstacle. A determination may be made as to whether the subject successfully completed the first course based on one or both of speed or accuracy.

Abstract: A technique for optical coherence tomography is provided. As to a device aspect of the technique, an imaging device comprises a base defining a rotation axis, a scanning and focusing assembly mounted to the base for rotation about the rotation axis, and a drive unit for rotationally driving the scanning and focusing assembly about the rotation axis. The scanning and focusing assembly includes a focusing device for focusing a beam of imaging radiation to produce a focused beam of imaging radiation having a focus, a scanning member for scanning the beam of imaging radiation, and a controller coupled to the drive unit and the scanning member and configured to control the scanning member to cause movement of the focus along a predetermined trajectory with respect to the scanning and focusing assembly.

Abstract: Reference images from one or more OCT scanners are correlated with associated OCT scan data, which is in turn registered and correlated to a wide field image so as to present the OCT scan data registered and aligned to the correct location on the wide field image so as to permit displaying OCT scan data taken at different times or on different machines on a single screen all registered to the wide field image.

Abstract: A fundus camera includes three fluidic lenses, each fluidic lens having a chamber configured so as to capable of having a fluid inserted therein or removed therefrom, such that the shape of each of the three fluidic lenses is capable of being changed based on an amount of fluid therein, a refractive or diffractic telescopic system, a Shack-Hartmann sensor configured to automatically control of the amount of the fluid in the chamber of each of the three fluidic lenses, so as to be capable of correcting refractive errors in an eye, and a multifunction camera configured for precision of fundus photography.

Abstract: The present invention defines a method of correcting for eye movement during optical coherence tomography imaging. The method includes imaging (by scanning) a fundus of an eye to obtain a fundus image (for example, using an SLO); scanning the fundus to obtain a plurality of tomographic images (for example, using OCT); determining, at predetermined intervals, an alignment of the tomographic images with respect to the fundus image, and, if it is determined that there is a misalignment, determining the number of tomographic images that have been scanned in the predetermined interval since the previous alignment determination; determining the offset by which the tomographic images are misaligned; applying the offset to the next tomographic image to be scanned and rescanning the determined number of tomographic images that were scanned during the interval between misalignment being determined and offset being applied.

Abstract: In certain embodiments, a head-mounted display may include one or more displays for displaying images. A left and right movable disk may be placed respectively between the left and right eyes of a user and the one or more displays. The user may wear the HMD, and may adjust the spacing between the left and right disks while viewing the computer-displayed image or images through holes in the plastic discs. For example, the HMD may display a stereo colored bulls eye pattern, of which the user can only see a portion because their vision is restricted to on-axis viewing by the discs. The computer may instruct the user to move the HMD disks until the user can only see the color in the center of the bulls eye. In certain embodiments, by performing the foregoing adjustment, the eye may be oriented on the proper optical axis to look through an optimal location of a lens.

Abstract: Device and method for determining an objective eye refraction parameter of a subject depending on a plurality of gaze directions, the device includes elements for ophthalmologically measuring an objective eye refraction parameter of a subject, and elements of visual stimulation of variable proximity and intended to stimulate the visual accommodation of the subject for first and second proximity values. The device includes opto-mechanical alignment elements for carrying out a first optical alignment of the optical axis of measurement on an eye axis in a first measuring position corresponding to a first angle of lowered viewing associated with a first proximity value to take a first measurement of an objective eye refraction parameter of the subject, and a second alignment of the optical axis of measurement on the eye axis in another measuring position corresponding to another angle of lowered viewing associated with another proximity value to take a second measurement.

Abstract: A method for noninvasive analysis of a retina includes exposing the retina to one or more first sets of at least three illumination light signals. The at least three illumination light signals each have a different wavelength. The method also includes optically collecting a reflected light signal for each of the at least three illumination light signals of the one or more first sets. Each of the reflected light signals is a portion of the respective illumination light signal reflected by the retina. The method further includes detecting the reflected light signals of the one or more first sets as a function of intensity. The method still further includes determining a first opsin density using the detected intensity of each of the reflected light signals of the one or more first sets.

Abstract: An ophthalmoscope includes an illumination assembly having a light source disposed along an illumination axis and an imaging assembly configured for delivering an image to an imaging device. Each of the imaging and illumination assemblies are disposed in an instrument housing, the ophthalmoscope being configured for attachment to an electronic imaging device and in which the imaging assembly produces a field of view of about 40 degrees to permit more comprehensive eye examinations to be reliably conducted. In at least one version, a portable electronic device, such as a smart device, can be coupled to the instrument or configured to wirelessly receive images therefrom.

Abstract: An ophthalmic method for determining relationships for calculating intraocular lens (IOL) power correction values is disclosed. The method may involve obtaining estimates of the postoperative optical power of a plurality of eyes undergoing IOL implant surgery. Measurements of the postoperative optical power and of one or more characteristics (e.g., axial length) of the eyes can also be obtained. The eyes can be separated into groups based upon their axial lengths. For each of the groups, a mathematical relationship can be determined for calculating IOL power correction values based on the measured characteristics. The mathematical relationship can reduce prediction error for the respective eyes in each group when applied to the corresponding estimates of the postoperative optical power. Methods and systems are also disclosed for using the IOL power correction values.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the detection of visual function losses. The method comprises analysing the optical quality of a patient's eye based on one or more retinal images thereof or based on information relating to retinal images corresponding to an eye having an anterior segment and intraocular means that are healthy. The method comprises: detecting a visual function loss of the visual system of functional or pathological etiology, based on the result of the aforementioned analysis; and determining if this loss is due to a reduced and/or limited neural response, which induces alterations in the innervation of the intrinsic ocular muscles of the eye.

Abstract: A process for determining a pair of personalized progressive ophthalmic lenses. and a computer program product associated to these processes. Right-handed persons and left-handed persons behave very differently when executing certain near vision tasks, such as writing on a sheet of paper. However, current lens designs do not take into account these behaviour differences. The comfort of wearing a pair of ophthalmic lenses can be improved for the wearer for whom the lenses are intended by adapting his near vision according to his handedness.

Abstract: A control method of a fundus examination apparatus constructed as a perimeter for examining a fundus of an examinee's eye, includes: controlling a monitor provided in the fundus examination apparatus as the perimeter to display a two-dimensional map pertinent to a two-dimensional analysis result of the fundus based on a tomographic image of the examinee's eye obtained by an optical coherence tomography device; setting an examination position in the fundus examination apparatus as the perimeter on the two-dimensional map displayed on the monitor; and controlling the fundus examination apparatus as the perimeter based on the set examination position to examine the fundus.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments enable an enhanced direct-viewing optical device to make customized adjustments that accommodate optical aberrations of a current user. In some instances a real-time adjustment of the transformable optical elements is based on known corrective optical parameters associated with a current user. In some implementations a control module may process currently updated wavefront measurements as a basis for determining appropriate real-time adjustment of the transformable optical elements to produce a specified change in optical wavefront at an exit pupil of the direct-viewing device. Possible transformable optical elements include refractive and/or reflective and/or diffractive and/or transmissive characteristics that are adjusted based on current performance viewing factors for a given field of view of the direct-viewing device.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus includes a measuring light focusing unit configured to focus measuring light for measuring aberration of an object on the object, an aberration correction unit configured to change a state based on the aberration measured with the measuring light, an imaging light focusing unit configured to focus imaging light for capturing an image of the object on the object, an imaging unit configured to capture an image of the object with the imaging light having passed through the aberration correction unit and the imaging light focusing unit, and a control unit configured to interlockingly control states of the measuring light focusing unit and the imaging light focusing unit.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus acquires a tomographic image of an eye to be examined. The image processing apparatus quantifies a distortion in a region determined from the tomographic image. The region includes a photoreceptor layer or a retinal pigment epithelium.

Abstract: Systems and methods for applying the concept of lightfield sensors to fundus photography are presented. In one embodiment, the ability to isolate specific regions of the collected lightfield are used to reduce the effects of glare in a fundus image. Additional embodiments in which aberrations can be characterized and removed, an image from a particular plane in the collected light field is used to aid in instrument alignment, and dynamic optimization of collection pupil diameter is accomplished are also presented.

Abstract: A tracking apparatus including: a fundus imaging apparatus for acquiring a fundus image; and a measurement unit that extracts a characteristic image of a fundus image from a first fundus image captured by the fundus imaging apparatus, detects the characteristic image from a second fundus image that is different from the fundus image, and measures a position change in the fundus images from coordinates of the extracted characteristic image and the detected characteristic image in the respective fundus images, wherein a region in which the characteristic image is detected from the second fundus image is determined so that a region searched for the characteristic image from the first image includes the extracted characteristic image and is broader than a range of movement of the characteristic image resulting from movements of the eye ball within measurement time.

Abstract: An ophthalmic method for determining a relationship between aphakic ocular power and estimated effective lens position (ELP) of an intraocular lens (IOL) to be implanted in a patient's eye. The method can be used to determine an estimate of the ELP of an IOL given the aphakic ocular power of the patient's eye, for example, without measurement of the corneal curvature or axial length of the patient's eye. The estimate of ELP can then be used to determine a suitable value of optical power for the IOL to be implanted in the patient's eye.

Abstract: The present invention accurately predicts postoperative intraocular lens position on the basis of a shape image of the crystalline lens obtained by an optical interference tomographic imaging device. This makes it possible to reduce the postoperative refractive error and determine the power of the intraocular lens. The present invention comprises: a step for finding by computer the equatorial position, which is the site of maximum diameter in the crystalline lens, from the morphology of the crystalline lens obtained from a tomographic image of the patients eye generated by the optical interference tomographic imaging device; and a step for estimating the position of the intraocular lens from the equatorial position thus found.

Abstract: An eye tracker comprising at least one illuminator for illuminating an eye, at least two cameras for imaging the eye and a controller is disclosed. The configuration of the reference illuminator(s) and cameras is such that, at least one camera is coaxial with a reference illuminator and at least one camera is non-coaxial with a reference illuminator. On the one hand, the controller is adapted to select one of the cameras to be active with the aim of maximising an image quality metric and avoiding obscuring objects. On the other hand, the eye tracker is operable in a dual-camera mode to improve accuracy. The invention further provides a method and computer-program product for selecting a combination of an active reference illuminator from a plurality of reference illuminators and an active camera from a plurality of cameras.

Abstract: Improved indices for the diagnosis and evaluation of conditions affecting the eye. Specifically, the indices include an Enhanced Epithelial Irregularity Factor (eEIF) for the diagnosis and evaluation of conditions such as dry eye syndrome (DES), Bowman's Ectasia Index (BEI), including enhanced BEI (eBEI) and BEI-Max, and Bowman's Relative Thinning (BRT) Index for the diagnosis and evaluation of ectatic conditions such as keratoconus, pellucid marginal degeneration, post-refractive surgery ectasia, and keratoglobus, and Descemet's Membrane Thickening Index (DMT), Descemet's Rejection Index (DRI), and Descemet's Membrane Irregularity Factor (DIF) for the diagnosis and evaluation of conditions such as keratoplasty rejection and failure and Fuchs' dystrophy.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ophthalmological apparatus capable of displaying a plurality of fundus tomographic images. A photographing apparatus includes a fundus imaging unit adapted to capture a fundus image of a subject's eye, a scanning unit adapted to scan a desired position of the fundus of the subject's eye to capture tomographic images of the subject's eye, a measuring unit adapted to measure movement amounts of the fundus of the subject's eye by performing pattern matching between a plurality of feature points in the acquired fundus image and feature points in another fundus image newly acquired at a different time, and a control unit adapted to control the scanning unit based on the measured movement amounts.

Abstract: Tomographic images of a plurality of planes at a disease site of a fundus are taken exactly within a short period of time, and the tomographic images are respectively displayed so that the positional relationship thereof becomes clear. A low coherent optical tomographic image sensing apparatus for imaging a fundus includes a sensing unit which takes tomographic images of a plurality of planes intersecting each other in time division, a display unit which displays the taken tomographic images at separate sites on the identical screen, and a position indication unit which displays, in each tomographic image, an intersection position of the tomographic image and another tomographic image intersecting one another.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for a micro-display based slit lamp illumination system are provided. A first optical element is configured to generate a micro-display image including an illuminated area. A second optical element is configured to receive the micro-display image, and focus the micro-display image upon an eye to be examined, wherein light is reflected from the eye as a result of the illuminated area.

Abstract: Systems and methods are presented which allow the detection of the presence, type, and misalignment of optical components in the optical train of an optical coherence tomographic instrument to be determined from the use of OCT depth information.

Abstract: Systems and methods for improving the peripheral vision of a subject are disclosed. In one aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure includes a method, which may be embodied on a system, for improving peripheral vision of a subject using a visual marker on a display screen, the method includes, displaying a peripheral target on the display screen, the peripheral target having a visually discernable characteristic and determining whether the subject is able to correctly identify the peripheral target displayed on the display screen using the peripheral vision. The visual marker is intended for viewing using central vision of the subject and the peripheral target is intended for identification using the peripheral vision of the subject.

Abstract: An image capturing apparatus including a plurality of image sensing modules and at least a light source is provided for capturing an image of an eye. Each of the image sensing modules includes an image sensor and a lens. The light source emits an illumination light, and the illumination light irradiates the eye. The eye reflects the illumination light into an image light. The image light includes a plurality of sub-image beams, and the sub-image beams are transmitted to the image sensors of the image sensing modules through the lenses of the image sensing modules, respectively. A capturing method is also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for covering a left eye and a right eye of a human, includes: a first eye piece configured for covering a left eye of a human; and a second eye piece configured for covering a right eye of the human; wherein the first eye piece and the second eye piece are configured for preventing transmission of visible light; and wherein at least one of the first eye piece and the second eye piece comprises a region that is transparent for electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength range outside a visible range.

Abstract: A real-time ophthalmoscope system for imaging an eye includes a wide field scanning light ophthalmoscope (SLO) configured for wide field imaging of the eye. The system also includes a small field SLO configured for high resolution imaging of the eye. A 2D tracking minor electrically coupled to a computer, and a 2D steering minor electrically coupled to the computer, are both disposed in an optical path between the small field SLO and the eye. The system is configured to acquire a plurality of small field images at a plurality of locations on the eye as defined by the 2D steering minor, each of the small field images is stabilized for a motion of the eye by the 2D tracking minor. A method for imaging of the eye is also described.

Abstract: An optical apparatus applied to ophthalmology detection is disclosed. The optical apparatus includes a first light source module, a second light source module, and an interference module. The first light source module is formed by a laser light source and lens units and used to emit a first light signal. The second light source module is formed by fiber units and lens units. The second light source module is coupled to the first light source module in series. The second light source module is used to receive a first light signal and emit a second light signal. The interference module is coupled to the second light source module and used to receive the second light signal and provide a first incident light and a second incident light to an object to be detected and a reference mirror respectively.

Abstract: Apparatus, method, and non-transitory medium for optical stabilization and digital image registration in scanning light ophthalmoscopy. Scanning an object with measurement light. Acquire an image of the object to be examined based on return light from the object. Acquire information which indicates movement of the object to be examined based on a plurality of acquired images. Control the scanning based on the information which indicates the movement of the object to be examined. Performing registration of the plurality of images.

Abstract: Imaging systems are provided allowing examination of different object regions spaced apart in a depth direction by visual microscopy and by optical coherence tomography. An axial field of view and a lateral resolution is varied depending on which object region is examined by the imaging system. The proposed imaging systems are in particular applicable for thorough examination of the human eye.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus includes a polarization adjustment member configured to adjust a polarization state of a measuring beam, a planar image acquisition unit configured to acquire, in a case where the polarization adjustment member is removed from an optical path of the measuring beam, a planar image of a subject, and a tomographic image acquisition unit configured to acquire, in a case where the polarization adjustment member is inserted in the optical path of the measuring beam, a tomographic image of the subject.

Abstract: For deflecting a laser beam (200) with a deflection mirror (21) arranged displaceably about a rotation axis (c), a beam-shaping optical element (22) is disposed upstream of the deflection mirror (21), said optical element being designed to project the laser beam (200) onto the deflection mirror (21) with a beam width that is reduced in the direction of the rotation axis (c). The deflection mirror (21) has a mirror width which is oriented in the direction of the rotation axis (c) and which is narrower than an unreduced input beam width of the laser beam (200) upstream of the beam-shaping optical element (22). Moreover, a beam-shaping optical element (23) is disposed downstream of the deflection mirror (21), said optical element forwarding the laser beam (202) from the deflection mirror (21) with a beam width corresponding to the unreduced input beam width.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for automatically aligning a confocal aperture utilize a confocal imaging system and a computer controlled optimization algorithm such as the Nelder-Mead algorithm for imaging an in-vivo eye having chromatic aberration. When using a confocal aperture of 3.4 Airy disks in diameter, images were obtained using retinal radiant exposures of less than 2.44 J/cm2, which is ˜22 times below the current ANSI maximum permissible exposure. The embodied method can be used, e.g., to study RPE morphology in AMD and other diseases, providing a powerful tool for understanding disease pathogenesis and progression, and offering a new means to assess the efficacy of treatments designed to restore RPE health.

Abstract: Methods and systems for determining a physiological parameter of a subject through interrogation of an eye of the subject with an optical signal are described. Interrogation is performed unobtrusively. The physiological parameter is determined from a signal sensed from the eye of a subject when the eye of the subject is properly aligned with regard to an interrogation signal source and/or response signal sensor.

Abstract: Methods and system for determining a physiological parameter of a subject through interrogation of an eye of the subject with an optical signal are described. Interrogation is performed unobtrusively. The gaze direction of the eye of the subject is determined and an interrogation signal source and/or response signal sensor are moved into alignment with the eye using an actuator to facilitate detection of the signal from the eye of the subject.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to apparatus and methods for evaluating the condition and properties of eye tissue. More particularly, the present invention is directed to apparatus and methods for non-invasively characterizing the biomechanical properties of eye tissue by utilizing an internal perturbation component.

Abstract: A new vision test, incorporating textual and non-textual elements in an image, is configured to demonstrate the effects of low cylinder astigmatism and other sources of blur on visual quality. The elements are designed to be noticeable, relevant, important and engaging. The new vision test may be utilized to supplement conventional vision testing.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a retinal densitometer, comprising an illumination unit for outputting bleaching illumination for photo-bleaching an eye and reflectance illumination at one or more wavelengths for determining reflectance of the eye at the one or more wavelengths, an imaging device arranged to output image data corresponding to an image of the eye at the one or more wavelengths of reflectance illumination, and a control unit arranged to control the illumination unit and the imaging device to output the bleaching illumination, the reflectance illumination at the one or more wavelengths and to output image data according to a predetermined sequence.

Abstract: A system for determining a recommended magnification factor and/or a recommended range for magnification factors for a magnifier such as a loupe or an electronic magnifier to be used by a person wherein the system comprises at least one test object having a predetermined size and a portable camera for recording an image of at least a portion of the at least one test object and displaying at least a portion of the image of the at least one test object to the person, wherein the camera is provided with a light sensitive sensor for obtaining an image of at least a portion of the at least one test object, a display and processing means for processing the image obtained by means of the sensor and for displaying at least a portion of the image of the at least one test object on the display, in possible a magnified form, wherein the camera is provided with means for selecting the magnification of the at least one portion of the image which is displayed on the display and wherein the camera is arranged to calculate t

Abstract: A system and method of testing vision performance includes displaying a visual recognition test to a subject and receiving from the subject a response to the visual recognition test. After receiving the response to the visual recognition test, a subsequent visual recognition test is selected based on the response received from the subject, the subsequent visual recognition test is displayed, and a response is received from the subject. The subsequent visual recognition tests are repeated until a predetermined criterion is reached. A vision performance score is determined based on the visual recognition tests displayed and the set of responses received from the subject and output from the system.

Abstract: A fundus camera for the recording of high-resolution color images of the fundus of non-dark-adapted eyes, and without the use of a mydriatic. The fundus camera has a strip-shaped pupil division, and includes a coherent or incoherent illumination source with illumination optics, a deflection mirror and an ophthalmoscope lens for illuminating the eye, detection optics and a detector for detecting the light reflected by the eye, and a control and evaluation unit. The deflection mirror has a strip shape, and the spatially resolving detector can be activated and read out in sectors. The control and evaluation unit connects the data read out in sectors in the form of a bright image from the detector and produce a resulting fundus image. The fundus camera records images of the fundus when the eyes are not dark-adapted for this purpose and no mydriatic has been used.

Abstract: Systems and methods for testing a laser eye surgery system are provided. Methods include establishing an image scale based on a calibration pattern, imageably altering a series of regions of a test surface with the laser system, laterally redirecting a laser beam to form a test pattern, imaging the test pattern, determining a lateral redirecting characteristic of the beam delivery system, and qualifying or calibrating the beam delivery system. Systems can include an input module that accepts an input member such as a calibration pattern parameter, a calibration pattern image, an intended pattern parameter, a test pattern image, an imaging device position, a calibration pattern position, a test pattern position, and a beam delivery system position, a characterization module that determines a beam delivery system characteristic, and an output module that generates a calibration for the beam delivery system of the laser eye surgery system.

Abstract: A method of determining the location of the scleral spur, to allow measurements of the anterior chamber of the eye to facilitate diagnosis or treatment of the eye. The method utilizes ultrasonic biomicroscopy apparatus to image the anterior chamber and several millimeters of sclera and align indicators, or along the scleral-uveal interface and the corneal-aqueous interface. These indicators can be lines, dots or any shape or colors. The intersection of these indicators is used as an estimated location of the scleral spur for measuring anterior chamber angle, angle opening distance, or other aspects of the eye. The disclosure includes methods of locating the scleral spur, software for locating the scleral spur using computerized imaging apparatus, and systems including computerized imaging apparatus and software for locating the scleral spur.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for imaging the choroid is described. A plurality of choroidal images is captured. The plurality of images is aggregated to generate a single aggregated image with good contrast. Prior to any aggregation, the images may be aligned to remove any displacement caused by saccadic motion between one frame and another, and any images degraded by a blink of the patient can be identified and discarded.