Abstract: Method and means useful in reflectance measurement is provided wherein radiation of one wavelength is separated from radiation of a different wavelength by the use of a composite of at least two components, one of which is absorptive of said one wavelength radiation and is highly transmissive of said other wavelength radiation, and the other of which is reflective of radiation of both of said wavelengths. The method and means are particularly adapted for use in fluorescent radiation measurement to prevent high intensity residual incident excitation radiation from interfering with measurement of the relatively low intensity fluorescent radiation.

Abstract: A scanning laser contaminant and defect detector for reflective surfaces, having a light collector for increasing sensitivity to scattered light. The collector is preferably one quadrant of a spherical shell cradled between V-shaped reflective side walls. The collector has beam entrance and exit ports, as well as a detector port where a light detector resides. The collector is placed in proximity to a surface to be inspected. Light scattered from the test surface is directed to the reflective crown surface, then to the reflective side walls and ultimately to the detector.

Abstract: A photometer sphere includes a spherical interior encompassed by a diffusely reflecting wall, provided with apertures for incident light as well as for applying samples and photo detectors in the diffusely reflecting wall. The interior is filled completely by an optically homogenous, clear and stray-free material.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring transmitted light is described. The apparatus comprises a spectrophotometer which includes a light source; first and second diffusion chambers; a cuvette chamber and photodetection means.The apparatus also includes light transmitting channels through which light can pass from said source to the first diffusion chamber, from the first diffusion chamber through the cuvette chamber to the second diffusion chamber, and from the second diffusion chamber to the photodetector means.In the preferred embodiment the first and second diffusion chambers are light diffusing integrating spheres, and a filter is present in the light transmission channel between the light source and first diffusion chamber.

Abstract: A fluid sample cell comprising a sample compartment of precisely predetermined depth bounded by opposed surfaces of a transparent window and a diffuse mirror is disclosed, and comprises inlet and outlet ports for the flow of a series of successive samples into and through said sample compartment and the spectroscopic analysis thereof by irradiation and detection of transmitted and reflected radiation.

Abstract: An integrating sphere type standard light source has a spherical shell the inner surface of which is coated with a white coating having a high reflectivity. The shell has a light source aperture in the top thereof, a viewing aperture in the side thereof and a specimen exposure aperture in the bottom thereof. A light source is mounted in the light source aperture and depends into said shell and includes a source of light and a light shielding plate between the source of light and the remainder of the interior of the shell, the light shielding plate also being coated with a white coating having a high reflectivity. A specimen supporting plate is positioned beneath the specimen exposure aperture and is normally positioned for supporting a specimen at the bottommost point of an imaginary spherical surface which is an extension of the internal surface of the shell into the specimen exposure aperture.

Abstract: In a colorimeter including a light source, a first quantity of light is directed toward a color sample and from the color sample toward a single photoelectric receiving and measuring device which is capable of measuring amounts of primaries or tristimulus values in quantities of light. A first carriage has mounted thereon an X primary filter, a Y primary filter and a Z primary filter, and such first carriage is reciprocable so that a selected primary filter may be positioned in front of the single photoelectric device. Adjacent the light source is mounted a second carriage which supports thereon an X primary filter mirror, a Y primary filter mirror and a Z primary filter mirror. The second carriage is reciprocable to position adjacent the light source a selected primary filter mirror corresponding to that primary filter positioned adjacent the photoelectric device.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for testing an optical element sample such as a mirror simultaneously and substantially instantaneously both for the total amount of light reflected from and the total amount of light transmitted by a predetermined area of that sample. The apparatus includes a pair of axially aligned light-integrating spheres between which is clamped the test sample so that no light enters or escapes from either sphere. A preferably optically regulated, substantially collimated beam of light is directed through one sphere against the test sample at an angle to the sphere axis. Silicon photo-voltaic light sensitive detectors connected to amplified readout units indicate the total light reflectivity in one sphere and the total light transmission to the other sphere.

Abstract: A reflection spectrophotometer which illuminates a sample with flux derived from a light source, such as a pulsed xenon flashtube, divides the light diffusely reflected by the sample into its component wavelengths and simultaneously senses the energy present at each of the component wavelengths.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for measuring the absolute absorptance of a relatively thin sample displaying both reflecting and transmitting characteristics. An integrating sphere is provided, and monochromatic reference and sample beams are projected into the sphere from a pair of angularly-spaced ports. Detector means are positioned at the sphere to receive illumination from the internal sphere wall, including the illumination arising from the first reflectance from that portion of the sphere directly illuminated by the sample and reference beams. The reference and sample electrical signals proceeding from the detector are equalized over the wavelength range of the instrument to establish a relatively flat baseline with the sample withdrawn from the sample beam. The sample is then repositioned within the sample beam.

Abstract: A device for measuring three stimulus values of the color of a liquid as a way of determining the color of the liquid. The device has an optical part having a source of light, an integrating ball having an inlet for light and three light receiving elements therein, and a light path switching device at the inlet. An immersible detector has a reflected light detector and a transmitted light detector as a part thereof, the reflected light detector having an opening therein and a flat transparent element covering the opening. The transmitted light detector is spaced from and aligned with the opening in the reflected light detector. A reflected light receiver in the reflected light detector is positioned to receive light reflected from the transparent element at an angle of 45.degree. thereto.

Abstract: Fluorinated aliphatic long chain addition polymers comprised of at least one monomer having at least one fluorine atom attached to a chain carbon atom are used in various environments for their ability to reflect a high percentage of incident light having a wave length in the 2400 to 8000 Angstrom region. These reflectance polymers may be in pressed powder form or in film form and thus are especially applicable as reflectance standards and reflectance coatings particularly in light integrating spheres of spectrophotometers.

Abstract: A reflecting surface is formed on an inner base plate of an integrating sphere. A fabric is bonded to an under coat layer of said base plate and furthermore a reflecting layer is formed on said fabric. As the fabric, cheese cloth is used and said reflecting layer comprises barium sulfate and polyvinyl alcohol.