Abstract: An atomic interferometer and methods for measuring phase shifts in interference fringes using the same. The atomic interferometer has a laser beam traversing an ensemble of atoms along a first path and an optical components train with at least one alignment-insensitive beam routing element configured to reflect the laser beam along a second path that is anti-parallel with respect to the first laser beam path. Any excursion from parallelism of the second beam path with respect to the first is rigorously independent of variation of the first laser beam path in yaw parallel to an underlying plane.

Abstract: A laser vibrometer for measuring the vibratory characteristics of an object and more specifically, a moving object, has an improved signal to noise ratio due to multiple channels. A laser is split into a plurality of channels and then for each channel split again into a reference beam and a probe beam. The probe beam is directed at the object and the back scattered reflections are collected and compared to the reference beam to determine the vibratory characteristics of the object. The received signals from the multiple channels are different, sequential and non-overlapping.

Abstract: A radar apparatus which can simply determine the sign of velocity of an object is provided. Laser light reflected by the object undergoes quadrature optical heterodyne detection performed by mixers, optical detectors, and a ?/2 phase shifter, whereby I and Q component signals are output. A frequency analyzer performs FFT on a complex signal composed of the I component signal (real part) and the Q component signal (imaginary part) to thereby obtain its frequency spectrum. Since the frequency spectrum is calculated without being folded back even in a region where the frequency is negative, the sign of the Doppler frequency fd can be determined. When the Doppler frequency fd is positive, the sign of the velocity of the object is a direction toward the radar apparatus. When the Doppler frequency fd is negative, the sign of the velocity of the object is a direction away from the radar apparatus.

Abstract: An optimal position analysis unit 24 specifies an optimal installation position for a photodetector 6 by using spectra which by a spectrum and wind speed computing unit 23 calculated by analyzing output data of a photodetector 6 installed at different installation positions, controls a position adjustment made by an optical unit adjustment driving unit 7, and optimizes the installation position of the photodetector 6.

Abstract: This device for determining wind speed comprises at least two laser sources emitting beams in different directions that are coplanar and such that each emission direction corresponds to a perpendicular emission direction. Each laser source is associated with focusing optics for focusing the emitted beam, a laser diode for receiving a reflected beam obtained after reflection by a particle present in the air of the corresponding emitted beam, a photodiode for transmitting an interference signal occurring between the emitted beam and the reflected beam, a processor for processing the obtained interference signals, and an optical cavity into which the reflected beam is reinjected in order to obtain an interference with the emitted beam.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed herein to determine relative positioning between moving platforms. An example method includes sending a first signal via a first moving platform to be received by a second moving platform. The example method includes receiving, at the first platform, a second signal sent by the second moving platform and aligning the first signal and the second signal. The example method includes determining, at the first moving platform, a first duration of time between the sending of a first pulse and the receiving of a second pulse. The example method includes determining, at the second moving platform, a second duration of time between the sending of the second pulse and the receiving of the first pulse. The example method includes determining a distance of the first moving platform relative to the second moving platform based on the first and second durations of time.

Abstract: Representative implementations of devices and techniques provide adjustable parameters for imaging devices and systems. Dynamic adjustments to one or more parameters of an imaging component may be performed based on changes to the relative velocity of the imaging component or to the proximity of an object to the imaging component.

Abstract: A method and system for spectroscopic measurement of a characteristic of a biological tissue is provided. The method includes the steps of: (1) using at least one light source to emit light that penetrates the biological tissue; (2) using at least one light detector to detect light emitted by the at least one light source and passed through the biological tissue, and to convert the detected light into a detection signal, the detection signal including an unwanted noise component; and (3) using a processor to process the detection signal and to determine an adjusted peak-to-peak amplitude value that is representative of an amplitude of the detection signal adjusted for the unwanted noise component.

Abstract: A laser Doppler velocimeter uses self-mixing amplification of backreflections from scatterers below the surface of a flow. A time domain signal is divided into segments that are roughly equal to a transit time of particles through a focus of a laser beam. The segments are connected to a frequency domain through the use of an FFT algorithm to produce frequency domain data segments. Signal-to-noise ratio is enhanced through signal processing techniques using the segments to produce a final enhanced signal spectrum.

Abstract: A system for generating a frequency modulated linear laser waveform includes a single frequency laser generator to produce a laser output signal. An electro-optical modulator modulates the frequency of the laser output signal to define a linear triangular waveform. An optical circulator passes the linear triangular waveform to a band-pass optical filter to filter out harmonic frequencies created in the waveform during modulation of the laser output signal, to define a pure filtered modulated waveform having a very narrow bandwidth. The optical circulator receives the pure filtered modulated laser waveform and transmits the modulated laser waveform to a target.

Abstract: Methods of reducing optical beat interference in a fiber optic network are provided. The optical fiber network may have a plurality of optical network units that communicate with a shared receiver. The optical signals that are transmitted from the optical network units to the receiver may have polarization states that are selected to reduce optical beat interference at the receiver.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a method and a device for determining a physical quantity at a plurality of locations are provided. The method according to the invention comprises approaching the plurality of locations in a first predetermined direction, wherein at each location of the plurality of locations a first measured value of the physical quantity is measured, approaching the plurality of locations in a second predetermined direction substantially opposite to the first predetermined direction, wherein at each location of the plurality of locations a second measured value of the physical quantity is measured, and establishing a determination value for the physical quantity at a respective location of the plurality of locations based on the first and second measured values of the physical quantity which have been measured at the respective location.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses are provided for measuring and mapping ranges, reflectivities, and/or velocities of multiple locations on an object by illuminating the locations with uniquely frequency-encoded sensing beams, which may be generated using one or more acousto-optic devices. A detector is used to sense the interference of the sensing beams reflected from the object and one or more reference beams, which may be co-propagating with the sensing beams to/from the object and/or may be provided via a separate reference path. A processor is used to estimate lateral coordinates, ranges, reflectivities, and/or velocities of the illuminated locations based on the frequencies, phases, amplitudes, and Doppler shifts, respectively, of the corresponding spectral components of the temporal beat signal produced by the detector in response to the interference of the sensing and reference beams.

Abstract: Particles are dispensed under controlled conditions to achieve an accurate number of particles by passing a suspension of the particles through a particle detecting device, obtaining a cumulative particle count, comparing the cumulative particle count with a target value, and shutting off the suspension flow once the particle count reaches the target value, all performed by automated means.

Abstract: A distance measuring method for measuring surfaces uses a laser source having a frequency that can be modulated to tune a wavelength of a laser beam in a wavelength range. The laser beam is generated with a coherence length to provide a measuring beam and is emitted at the surface, located within a specified distance range, as a measuring beam. The measuring beam is back-scattered by the surface and is received again and used to interferometrically measure the distance from a reference point to the surface. The specified distance range lies at least partly outside of the coherence length. One portion of the laser beam is temporally delayed with respect to another portion, such that the one optical path difference caused by the delay matches the optical path difference that corresponds to a distance in the specified distance range plus or minus the coherence length of the laser.

Abstract: A system for pairing a controller and an infusion pump is disclosed. The system includes an infusion pump, a controller device and a user interface residing on both the infusion pump and the controller. The user interface includes a pairing mode for enabling wireless communication between the infusion pump and the controller device, wherein the user interface requires both the infusion pump and the controller to be in the pairing mode simultaneously. Also, a method of changing a power source in an infusion pump is disclosed. The method includes placing the infusion pump in idle mode wherein the infusion pump stops delivery. Removing the first power source from the infusion pump. Replacing the first power source with a second power source in the infusion pump, and maintaining the insulin on board during the changing of the first power source with the second power source.

Abstract: An optical device (10) for determining a physical parameter includes: a laser diode (11) for emitting a beam toward a target; an element for detecting (13) an interferometric signal SM(t) which includes the information on the physical parameter to be determined, and which is generated by an interference between the emitted beam and a light beam reflected by the target; element for converting (15) the signal SM(t) obtained by the detection element (13) into a measurement of the physical parameter, the conversion element (15) including: first element (17) for suppressing a continuous component Off(t) of the interferometric signal SM(t); second element (18) for determining interferometric peaks in the interferometric signal SM(t) obtained from the signal obtained at the output of the first element (17). An associated method, particularly suitable for speckle interferometric signals is also described.

Abstract: A tracking associate system that comprises a rotatable platform; an optically retroreflective label reader attached to the platform; a control unit attached to the rotatable platform; a scene recording camera; and a data network configured to process data produced by the label reader and/or the camera. Another tracking system comprises one, or more, label tracking pairs that each have a recording camera associated with a light source emitter; a platform configured to allow the label tracking pair to track a plurality of optically retroreflective labels that are affixed to objects; and a data network in communication with the label tracking pair that is configured to process data received from the label tracking pair.

Abstract: An embodiment of a tracker system for determining the distance of a moving object from a predefined reference point is disclosed. The system uses a phase-based signal extraction technique for determining the traversal time of the object through a predefined angular region. The first embodiment of the system includes a weather-resistant enclosure (12), two photodiodes (21) with narrow fields of view, four light-emitting diodes pulsed at high frequencies (20), collimating optics (15) for use with the light-emitting diodes, focusing optics (14) for use with the photodiodes, and an analog circuit for signal extraction (FIG. 7). FIG. 2 shows each component in the first embodiment. Phase-based signal processing identifies time intervals over which the object is within the angular region, from which the distance to the object is calculated (FIG. 1). Alternative embodiments are also discussed.

Abstract: An interference measuring device comprises: a light source; a beam splitter that causes the light to diverge into a reference optical path and a measurement optical path and that outputs a combined wave in which reflection light passed the reference optical path and reflection light passed the measurement optical path are combined; a reference light diverging part that causes the light diverged into the reference optical path, to further diverge into a plurality of optical paths and that causes reflection light beams respectively passed the optical paths to be input into the beam splitter; and a plurality of reference mirrors that are respectively arranged in the optical paths such that optical path lengths of the optical paths are different from each other, and that reflect reference light. An interference image is imaged by varying the optical path length of either the reference optical path or the measurement optical path.

Abstract: There is provided a coherence length measurement device (10) that calculates a coherence length Lc based on a spectrum v calculated by an FFT device (9) and performs, in case where the coherence length Lc is shorter than an FFT gate width Gw, a setting change to shorten the FFT gate width Gw and a pulse width Pw, and the FFT device (9) performs frequency analysis on a received signal outputted from an A/D converter (8) by a unit of an FFT gate following the setting change to calculate the spectrum v of the received signal.

Abstract: A method and arrangement are disclosed for measuring a flow rate of optically non-homogeneous material in a process pipe. The non-homogeneous material can be illuminated through a window. Images are taken with a camera, through a window, of illuminated non-homogeneous material. Correlation between temporally successive images determines travel performed by the non-homogeneous material in the process pipe between capture of temporally successive images. Velocity of the non-homogeneous material is determined by the time difference between the successive images and the travel.

Abstract: An optical coherence tomography (OCT) system having magnitude and direction of motion detection has a light source, and a scanning system arranged in an optical path of the light source. The scanning system is configured to scan an illumination beam of light in a spatial pattern around each of a plurality of points of interest of an object under observation for a corresponding plurality of instants of time in which each of the plurality of points of interest are displaced from each other due to motion of at least one of the OCT system or the object under observation. The OCT system also includes an OCT detection system configured and arranged to receive at least a portion of the illumination beam of light after being at least one of reflected or scattered from said the under observation, and a signal processor configured to communicate with the OCT detection system to receive detection signals therefrom.

Abstract: Standardized distance minima for longitudinal separation is ensured during flight of a second aircraft behind a first aircraft on take-off or landing of the aircraft on one runway or on two parallel runways located near to each other, or during flight one behind the other at near altitude levels in conditions where there is the risk of turbulence from the vortex wake of the first aircraft possibly being present along the direction of movement of the second aircraft. Continuous monitoring of the level of wake vortex flight safety of the second aircraft is carried out in a buffer zone which surrounds the aircraft and is selected on the basis of the direction of the aircraft outside the standardized distance minimum, taking into account pilot reaction time and the time for the system for controlling the second aircraft to respond to a command to change speed.

Abstract: A blood coagulation analyzer that realizes both securement of a wide dynamic range and enhancement of sensitivity in blood coagulation analysis by selecting an appropriate angle of detection depending on the intensity of scattered light from each specimen without causing complexity of the analyzer. The analyzer has a reaction container. A storage unit is provided which takes in and stores multiple pieces of chronological light intensity variation data acquired from detectors arranged around a reaction container. A judgment unit selects light intensity variation data to be used for calculation of a blood coagulation time from the multiple pieces of light intensity variation data stored in the storage unit based on the amount of light intensity variation. A calculation unit calculates the blood coagulation time from the light intensity variation data selected by the judgment unit.

Abstract: A panoramic scan radar is provided. The panoramic scan radar includes: a fixed base; a rotary base which is rotatably combined with the fixed base; a reflector which is disposed on the rotary base to rotate with the rotary base and includes a reflective surface; a laser emitter which is disposed on the rotary base to rotate with the rotary base and selectively irradiate laser beams onto a plurality of points on the reflective surface of the reflector; and a laser receiver. The reflector reflects the laser beams toward an object and reflects at least one of the laser beams reflected by the object toward the laser receiver and the laser receiver senses the at least one of the laser beams reflected toward the laser receiver.

Abstract: Disclosed is an impaction densitometer having a chamber configured to receive a particle; a beam generator configured to emit a beam; a detector configured to receive the beam and convert a change in intensity of the received beam into an electrical signal corresponding to a particle volume; an impact sensor positioned a known distance from the beam and configured to measure a particle momentum as a function of an impact energy transferred from the particle to the impact sensor; a velocity calculator configured to calculate a particle velocity based on a time it takes the particle to pass through the beam and strike the impact sensor; a mass calculator configured to calculate a particle mass as a function of the particle momentum and velocity; and a density calculator configured to calculate a particle density as a function of the particle mass and volume.

Abstract: A wind turbine includes a number of blades and an optical measurement system comprising a light source, such as a laser, an optical transmitter part, an optical receiver part, and a signal processor. The light source is optically coupled to the optical transmitter part, which includes an emission point for emitting light in a probing direction. The optical receiver part comprises a receiving point and a detector. The optical receiver part is adapted for receiving a reflected part of light from a probing region along the probing direction and directing the reflected part of light to the detector to generate a signal used to determine a first velocity component of the inflow. The emission point is located in a first blade at a first radial distance from a center axis, and the receiving point is located in the first blade at a second radial distance from the center axis.

Abstract: A vector velocimeter includes a laser emitting a measurement beam with a wavelength ?, for illumination of an object in a measurement volume to create a signal beam, a reference beam generator generating a reference beam, and a first detector arranged such that the signal beam and the reference beam, propagating at a first angle ? relative to the signal beam, are incident thereon. The first detector includes an array of first detector elements to convert the intensity of the interfering signal beam and reference beam incident thereon into an oscillating electronic detector element signal when the fringe pattern formed thereby moves across the first detector array. A signal processor generates a velocity signal corresponding to a first velocity component of movement of the object in the measurement volume in the longitudinal direction thereof based on the electronic detector element signals from each of the first detector elements.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and systems to optically analyze samples such as tissue based on speckle patterns of microscopic motion, such as Brownian motion.

Abstract: A system and associated method provide tissue perfusion monitoring in a patient. A laser Doppler unit is provided including a coherent laser light source and a photodetector. A processor is configured to receive a signal from the photodetector and determine a tissue perfusion measurement from a Doppler-shifted component of the photodetector signal. A wireless communication circuit transmits the tissue perfusion measurement. A power source provides power to the laser Doppler unit, the processor and the communication circuit. A wireless housing encloses the laser Doppler unit, the processor, the power source and the communication circuit.

Abstract: The method is based on a determination of the orientation of the sensor to the surface moving with respect to the sensor and then acquiring data where the lateral velocity is small and the forward velocity is large. Then, the orientation of the sensor with respect to the direction of the forward velocity is determined and the velocity data subsequently measured are corrected using the measured orientation of the sensor with respect to the reference surface and the forward velocity direction.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of apparatus, method and computer accessible medium can be provided which can facilitate a determination of at least one characteristic of a structure. For example, it is possible to use at least one first arrangement which can be structured to provide at least one first transmitted radiation along a first axis and at least one second transmitted radiation along a second axis. The first and second transmitted radiations can impact the structure and generate respective first and second returned radiation. The first and second axis can be provided at a predetermined angle with respect with one another which is greater than 0. Further, at least one second arrangement can be provided which can be configured to receive data associated with the first and second returned radiations, and determine at least one relative velocity between the structure and the first arrangement along the first and second axes.

Abstract: A system for pairing a controller and an infusion pump is disclosed. The system includes an infusion pump, a controller device and a user interface residing on both the infusion pump and the controller. The user interface includes a pairing mode for enabling wireless communication between the infusion pump and the controller device, wherein the user interface requires both the infusion pump and the controller to be in the pairing mode simultaneously. Also, a method of changing a power source in an infusion pump is disclosed. The method includes placing the infusion pump in idle mode wherein the infusion pump stops delivery. Removing the first power source from the infusion pump. Replacing the first power source with a second power source in the infusion pump, and maintaining the insulin on board during the changing of the first power source with the second power source.

Abstract: An optimal position analysis unit 24 specifies an optimal installation position for a photodetector 6 by using spectra which by a spectrum and wind speed computing unit 23 calculated by analyzing output data of a photodetector 6 installed at different installation positions, controls a position adjustment made by an optical unit adjustment driving unit 7, and optimizes the installation position of the photodetector 6.

Abstract: The range image sensor is a range image sensor which is provided on a semiconductor substrate with an imaging region composed of a plurality of two-dimensionally arranged units (pixel P), thereby obtaining a range image on the basis of charge quantities QL, QR output from the units. One of the units is provided with a charge generating region (region outside a transfer electrode 5) where charges are generated in response to incident light, at least two semiconductor regions 3 which are arranged spatially apart to collect charges from the charge generating region, and a transfer electrode 5 which is installed at each periphery of the semiconductor region 3, given a charge transfer signal different in phase, and surrounding the semiconductor region 3.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the synchronicity of a rotary platen (22) in a vacuum deposition chamber (24). A light source (64) projects a highly collimated light beam (66) onto the rotating platen (22), thereby tracing a circular swept path (67). The swept path (67) passes alternately through samples (20) on the platen (22) and intervening webs (58, 60). The samples (20) are significantly more reflective than the webs (58, 60). The platen (22) includes an asymmetry feature (60) along the swept path (67). A detector (62) measures light signals reflected from the platen (22) along the swept path (67), and generates a unique signal upon encountering the asymmetry feature (60). A microcontroller generates a trigger pulse synchronized to the unique signal.

Abstract: A method of using LIDAR on an airborne vehicle is described. A beam of radiation is transmitted to target areas at least one of above, below, and in front of the airborne vehicle, the target areas including particles or objects. Scattered radiation is received from the target areas. Respective characteristics of the scattered radiation are determined. An air turbulence factor or characteristics are determined from the respective characteristics. The airborne vehicle is controlled based on the air turbulence factor, such that turbulence experienced by the airborne vehicle is minimized. Alternatively, the airborne vehicle is controlled based on the characteristics to avoid colliding with the one or more objects. In another example, the airborne vehicle is controlled based on the characteristics to reduce headwind or increase tailwind, and substantially reduce a carbon footprint of the aircraft.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an optical remote airflow measurement apparatus with which even colored noise corresponding to an external environment of the apparatus can be reduced, thereby reducing measurement reliability deterioration and enabling long-distance measurement in a wide flying speed range. A colored noise reduction method according to the present invention includes: considering a signal strength of scattered light to be substantially non-existent in a remotest region and beyond; calculating a noise distribution by performing processing to average the signal strength in respective Doppler frequency components divided at intervals of a certain frequency in the remotest measurement region and beyond, and performing subtraction processing in each of the Doppler frequency components on all signal strength distributions of the measurement region, which are obtained by dividing the noise distribution at intervals of a certain distance.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices of the present invention enable airborne Doppler Wind LIDAR system measurements and INS/GPS measurements to be combined to estimate wind parameters and compensate for instrument misalignment. In a further embodiment, the wind speed and wind direction may be computed based on two orthogonal line-of-sight LIDAR returns.

Abstract: A Doppler lidar sensor system includes a laser generator that produces a highly pure single frequency laser beam, and a frequency modulator that modulates the laser beam with a highly linear frequency waveform. A first portion of the frequency modulated laser beam is amplified, and parts thereof are transmitted through at least three separate transmit/receive lenses. A second portion of the laser beam is used as a local oscillator beam for optical heterodyne detection. Radiation from the parts of the laser beam transmitted via the transmit/receive lenses is received by the respective transmit/receive lenses that transmitted the respective part of the laser beam. The received reflected radiation is compared with the local oscillator beam to calculate the frequency difference therebetween to determine various navigational data.

Abstract: In some embodiments, distances associated with a surface may be calculated using time-of-flight (ToF) of a plurality of pulses of light occurring at a predetermined frequency. Reflected light from a light emitter may be captured by two or more light sensors. At least one light sensor may be located in a sensor pod that is separate from the light emitter, which may be housed in an emitter pod with or without a light sensor. The sensor pod may be synchronized with the emitter pod to enable ToF of light distance calculations. The calculated distance may be used to determine movement of a surface and/or one or more pixels of a surface. In some instances, the calculated distance may be used to identify a profile of a surface, which may then be used associate the profile with an object, a command, or another association.

Abstract: Apparatus for marking and/or scanning (m/s) an object comprising a m/s head (20) having a plurality of receiving spaces (24) for m/s devices (40), a driving mechanism for moving the object, a measuring device (50) for measuring the object speed comprising a transmitter having a transmitting fibre (56) for transmitting light to the object, a receiver having first and second light receiving fibres (57, 58) for receiving light reflected from the object forming light signals, and processor means (70) for determining a time shift between the light signals to provide a speed value of the object, all the fibres are arranged in a common first ferrule (52), the m/s devices include second ferrules, the first and second ferrules have corresponding connector sections and are variably connected to the receiving spaces of the scanning head, and the speed measuring device is arranged in one of the receiving spaces. The invention further relates to a method for measuring the object speed with the m/s apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a method of operating a self-mixing interference sensor and a corresponding self-mixing interference sensor device. In the method the laser (1) of the device is controlled to periodically emit a laser pulse followed by an emission period of laser radiation having a lower amplitude. The pulse width of the laser pulse is selected such that the pulse after reflection at the object (3) re-enters the laser (1) during the emission period of laser radiation with lower amplitude. The corresponding SMI signal has an increased signal to noise ratio.

Abstract: A physical quantity sensor includes a semiconductor laser for irradiating an object with a laser beam, and a laser driver for operating the semiconductor laser in such a way that a first oscillation period for which the oscillation wavelength increases and/or a second oscillation period for which the oscillation wavelength decreases is repetitively present. The sensor further includes a photodiode and a current-voltage conversion amplifying unit both for detecting an MHP containing an interference waveform formed by the self-coupling effect between the laser beam and the returning light beam from the object, a MHP extracting unit for measuring the period of the interference waveform contained in the output signal from the current-voltage conversion amplifying unit each time the interference waveform is inputted, and a computing unit for computing the displacement and/or the speed of the object from the measured individual period MHP extracting unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a corresponding apparatus for measuring distance and optionally speed, in particular for multiscale distance measurement.

Abstract: A method for estimating the transverse component Vtrans of the velocity of the air comprises the following steps: emitting a focused laser beam; acquiring an electrical signal resulting from the transit of a particle across the beam at a point of transit; analyzing the signal so as to obtain a spectrogram revealing an elongate mark representative of the transit; estimating the duration of traversal of the laser beam by the particle and the slope of the mark; deducing from the duration and from the slope the distance between the point of traversal of the beam and the focusing point; determining the radius of the beam at the point of transit; deducing the transverse component from the radius and from the duration.

Abstract: A system for assessing the flow of a fluid. The system can include a light source, a fiber-optic system optically coupled to the light source, which is arranged to provide a reference beam and an observation beam, an optical detection system arranged to receive combined light from the reference beam and the observation beam and to provide detection signals, and a data processing system arranged to communicate with the optical detection system to receive the detection signals. The data processing system can be configured to use the detection signals to determine a speckle pattern corresponding to the fluid flow, wherein the speckle pattern includes a plurality of lines, and to calculate a correlation between adjacent lines perpendicular to the flow to determine at least one of a rate of the flow and a displacement of the flow.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method includes forming range bins from range compressed data, the range compressed data comprising a train of coherent pulses formed based on a transmitted signal from a laser detection and ranging (LADAR) sensor and having a large time-bandwidth product and for each range bin, compensating for motion of the LADAR sensor, performing a Fourier transform on the compressed range data, determining a centroid of individual velocity measurements and performing Fourier transform of the centroid to determine a vibration.

Abstract: There is a limit in range and distance in which an electron beam can interfere and electron interference is implemented within a range of a coherence length. Therefore, interference images are consecutively recorded for each interference region width from an interference image of a reference wave and an observation region adjacent to the reference wave by considering that a phase distribution regenerated and observed by an interference microscopy is a differential between phase distributions of two waves used for interference and a differential image between phase distributions of a predetermined observation region and a predetermined reference wave is acquired by acquiring integrating phase distributions acquired by individually regenerating the interference images. This work enables a wide range of interference image which is more than a coherence length by arranging phase distribution images performed and acquired in the respective phase distributions in a predetermined order.