Abstract: A moving object includes a box-shaped accommodation unit provided on an outer surface of an automobile body, and moves on a road surface. The accommodation unit detachably accommodates a detection device that detects suspended matters or radiation in the air nearby the automobile body.

Abstract: Systems and methods for adjusting for non-invasive measurement of biological analytes. Exemplary methods include: illuminating an analyte using first light, the first light having a first excitation wavelength; detecting a first spectrum from the analyte illuminated by the first light, the first spectrum including a first Raman signal and fluorescence; illuminating the analyte using second light, the second light having a second excitation wavelength; detecting a second spectrum; illuminating the analyte using third light, the third light having a third excitation wavelength; detecting a third spectrum; recovering the first Raman signal using the first spectrum, the second spectrum, and the third spectrum using an inverse transform; and using the first Raman signal to identify and measure at least one molecule of the analyte using a database of identified Raman signals.

Abstract: An analyte detection package includes a chamber, a surface-enhanced luminescence analyte stage within the chamber, and a tunable lens integrated with the package to focus radiation onto the analyte stage.

Abstract: A carrier for use in single molecule detection is related. The carrier includes a substrate; a middle layer, on the substrate; and a metal layer, on the middle layer; wherein the substrate is a flexible substrate, the middle layer includes a base and a patterned bulge on the base, the patterned bulge includes a plurality of strip-shaped bulges, the metal layer is on the patterned bulge, the carrier further includes a carbon nanotube composite structure between the metal layer and the patterned bulge.

Abstract: A system and method for imaging a sample having a complex structure (such as an integrated circuit). The sample is placed on a motion system that moves the sample with respect to an electron beam generator that is used in imaging the sample. The motion system affords thirteen degrees-of-freedom for movement of the sample, by providing a rotation stage, a fine 6-axis piezoelectric-driven stage, and a coarse 6-axis hexapod stage. Various detectors gather information to image the sample. Interferometric and/or capacitive sensors are used to measure the position of the sample and motion system.

Abstract: A coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering apparatus for imaging a sample comprises an optical output; an optical source arranged to generate a first optical signal at a first wavelength; and a nonlinear element arranged to receive the first optical signal, where the nonlinear element is arranged to cause the first optical signal to undergo four-wave mixing on transmission through the nonlinear element such that a second optical signal at a second wavelength and a third optical signal at a third wavelength are generated, wherein an optical signal pair comprising two of the first, second and third optical signals is provided to the optical output for imaging the sample.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a substrate with multiple nano-gaps and a manufacturing method therefor, and more particularly to a multiple nano-gaps substrate with high absorption and capable of using light sources in a wide range, and a manufacturing method therefor.

Abstract: Reflection resistances of respective fiber lasers in a state where an entire fiber laser system is in operation are evaluated. Each of fiber lasers (2 through 4) includes (i) a laser beam measuring section (28) configured to measure a power of a laser beam which a low reflection FBG (26) has transmitted therethrough and (ii) a Stokes beam measuring section (29) configured to measure a power of a Stokes beam which a high reflection FBG (24) has transmitted therethrough.

Abstract: Method for obtaining an super-resolution image (22) of an object (5), based upon an optical microscope (21) including a support plate (6) for bearing the object, an illumination source (1) for focusing an illumination beam (14) onto a target region of the support plate, a digital camera (9) including a matrix of sensors, comprising: capturing, by the digital camera, a first image of the target region; extracting, from the first image, a first block of pixel values provided by a sub-matrix (B0) of the matrix of sensors; displacing, by a sub-diffraction limited distance, the support plate by the displacement block along a displacement axis; capturing, by the digital camera, a second image of the target region; extracting, from the second image, a second block of pixel values provided by the sub-matrix (B0) of the matrix of sensors; storing said first and second blocks of pixel values as a first and second blocks of pixel values to be placed right next each other in the super-resolution image along the image axi

Abstract: A luminescent hybrid nanomaterial comprising: at least one inorganic nanomaterial comprising an inorganic first compound; and at least one second compound comprising a first aggregation-induced emission moiety, wherein the at least one second compound is grafted on at least part of a surface of the inorganic first compound.

Abstract: An analyte detection system includes an analyte detection package to be presented to a reading device, and a focus mechanism to adjust a focal point of the analyte detection package relative to the reading device, with the analyte detection package including a surface-enhanced luminescence analyte stage, the reading device including optics to receive scattered radiation emitted luminescence from the analyte stage, and the focus mechanism to adjust the focal point relative to the optics.

Abstract: A Raman detecting chip for thin layer chromatography and a method for separating and detecting an analyte are provided. The Raman detecting chip for thin layer chromatography includes a silicon substrate. The silicon substrate includes a first portion, a second portion and a plurality of silicon nanowires disposed on the first portion, wherein each silicon nanowire has a top surface and a sidewall. A metal layer covers the top surface and at least a part of the sidewall of the silicon nanowire, wherein the silicon nanowire has a length L from 5 ?m to 15 ?m. The ratio between the length L1 of the side wall covered by the metal layer and the length L of the silicon nanowire is from 0.2 to 0.8.

Abstract: Provided is a monitor for monitoring the condition of the interior of a living organism from the surface of the living organism. The monitor is provided with: a probe which includes an observation window and is attached to the organism surface; a unit which irradiates, with a laser, at least a portion of an observation region; a unit which detects scattered light resulting from the laser irradiation; a Doppler analysis unit and a SORS analysis unit which narrow down the observation spots to a first observation spot; and a CARS analysis unit which obtains the optical spectrum for at least one component, and outputs first information indicating the condition of the organism interior on the basis of the intensity of the spectrum.

Abstract: Molecule sensing apparatus. The apparatus has first and second chambers, an input port extending into the first chamber, a fluid channel extending from the first chamber to the second chamber, and a surface-enhanced substrate in the second chamber.

Abstract: An optical sensor and an abnormality detection method therefor are provided. The optical sensor includes a light source device that generates light to be irradiated to an object; a light receiving part that receives a reflected light from the object; a branch part that fuses a first optical fiber optically coupled to the light source device and a second optical fiber optically coupled to the light receiving part to join with one end of a third optical fiber facing the object; and a processing part that determines whether junction abnormality occurs at a junction between the third optical fiber and the branch part based on whether an increment in a received light amount detected by the light receiving part with respect to a reference detection amount which is detected in a state of no reflection from the other end of the third optical fiber is within a predetermined range.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for narrow waveband laser diodes are described. The conventional coating on the output facet of a laser diode is replaced with a notch filter coating that is reflective of wavelengths within a narrow waveband around the nominal output wavelength of the laser diode and transmissive of other wavelengths. The notch filter coating ensures the laser diode will lase at the nominal wavelength and not lase for wavelengths outside of the narrow waveband. The notch-filtered laser diode provides a narrow waveband output that is matched to the playback wavelength of at least one hologram in a transparent combiner of a wearable heads-up display, and thereby reduces or eliminates display aberrations that can result from wavelength sensitivity of the playback properties of the hologram.

Abstract: A method for identification of chemicals in a sample using a gas chromatograph, a surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor coupled with the gas chromatograph to define a gas chromatography (GC)/SAW system, and a Raman spectrometer. The method includes receiving SAW frequency response data generated by the SAW sensor, receiving Raman spectrum data generated by the Raman spectrometer, producing a Raman spectrum corresponding to an eluted component of interest based upon an integration of the Raman spectrum data, identifying a set of one or more candidate chemicals for the eluted component of interest based on a corresponding peak of the SAW frequency response data, and searching a Raman database for a match between the produced Raman spectrum and a chemical in the Raman database from among the set of candidate chemicals for the eluted component of interest.

Abstract: Provided are a method of manufacturing a nanoscale light-emitting diode (LED) electrode assembly having improved electrical contacts, and more particularly, a nanoscale LED electrode assembly having improved electrical contacts and capable of increasing conductivity between electrodes and nanoscale LED devices and decreasing contact resistance, and a method of manufacturing the same.

Abstract: A system is presented. The system includes an electromagnetic radiation source configured to generate a mode matched electromagnetic radiation that irradiates a gas mixture filled in a gas compartment at a determined pressure ‘P’ bars, an intensity enhancement mechanism that internally reflects the mode-matched electromagnetic radiation a plurality of times to achieve an effective intensity ‘E’, of reflected electromagnetic radiation in a region of interest, that is ‘N’ times an intensity of the mode-matched electromagnetic radiation, and a detection subsystem that analyses the gas-mixture based upon Raman Scattered photons emitted from the region of interest, wherein a product of the ‘P’ and the ‘N’ is at least 30.

Abstract: A characteristic-measuring apparatus for a multi-core fiber includes: a coupling device that couples, at a first end of the multi-core fiber, light to a plurality of cores in the multi-core fiber; an imaging device that takes an image, at a second end of the multi-core fiber, of emission light emitted from the plurality of cores, where the plurality of cores are imaged at the same time; and a calculating device that determines a characteristic of the multi-core fiber based on images obtained by the imaging device.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing and sourcing two lightwaves having a wavelength-shift known and controllable and suitable to be used as “pump” and “probe” in a stimulated Brillouin analyser in which part of the radiation of frequency f0 from a primary source (70) is first shifted of a frequency ?f1 typically from 200 to 1000 MHz lower than the Brillouin shift ?fB,SNS in the sensor, by a first frequency conversion system comprising a Brillouin ring laser (105) and then is shifted of a frequency ?f2 in order to fall inside the Brillouin gain band of the sensor through a further tuneable frequency conversion system (105, 106, 107) in which at least one electro-optical modulator generates modulation side bands (117, 119) of frequency (f0??f1+?f2) and (f0<?f1??f2), only one of which can fall within a Brillouin gain band of the sensor.

Abstract: A method of detecting single molecule includes: providing a carrier, wherein the carrier includes a substrate, and a plurality of three-dimensional nanostructures are located on the substrate; disposing single molecule samples on the plurality of three-dimensional nanostructures; detecting the single molecule samples with a detector; wherein each three-dimensional nanostructure includes a first rectangular structure, a second rectangular structure, and a triangular prism structure; the first rectangular structure, the second rectangular structure, and the triangular prism structure are stacked in that order, a first width of a bottom surface of the triangular prism structure is equal to a second width of a first top surface of the second rectangular structure and greater than a third width of a second top surface of the first rectangular structure, and the first rectangular structure comprises a first metal and the triangular prism structure comprises a second metal.

Abstract: The present disclosure concerns a measuring probe (10) for non-invasive in vivo measurement of blood analytes (33) by Raman spectroscopy. The measuring probe (10) comprises a housing (20) having a skin engaging surface (21). The housing (20) comprises a first optical system (1, 3, 4) arranged for providing source light (11) to the skin engaging surface (21) for penetrating a subject's skin (31) by said source light (11) for interacting with the blood analytes (33). The housing (20) further comprises a second optical system (5, 6, 2) arranged for capturing scattered Raman light (12) from the blood analytes (33) for measurement of the blood analytes (33). The first optical system (1, 3, 4) is arranged for providing the source light (11) as a collimated beam (1c) onto the skin (31).

Abstract: A method for identification of chemicals in a sample using a gas chromatograph and a surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor coupled with the gas chromatograph to define a gas chromatography (GC)/SAW system. The method includes receiving a temperature profile defining a varying target temperature as a function of time, separating one or more eluted components from a sample with the gas chromatograph, adjusting a temperature of the SAW sensor in accordance with the temperature profile as the one or more eluted components are separated from the sample by the gas chromatograph, generating SAW frequency response data with the SAW sensor, the SAW frequency response data including one or more peaks corresponding respectively to the one or more eluted components separated from the sample, and identifying a set of one or more candidate chemicals for an eluted component of interest based on a corresponding peak of the SAW frequency response data.

Abstract: An infrared (IR) sensor and a method of detecting molecular species in a liquid. In one embodiment, the IR sensor includes: (1) an IR light source configured to emit IR light, (2) a sensing element configured to receive the IR light, the IR light generating an evanescent field about the sensing element as the IR light propagates therethrough, molecules in a subject liquid interacting with the evanescent field and affecting a characteristic of the IR light and (3) an IR light detector configured to receive the IR light from the sensing element and detect the characteristic.

Abstract: A dynamic transaction card that includes a number of layers, each of which may be interconnected to one another. For example, a dynamic transaction card may include an outer layer, a potting layer, a sensor layer, a display layer (including, for example, LEDs, a dot matrix display, and the like), a microcontroller/microprocessor storing firmware, Java applets, Java applet integration, and the like, an EMV processor, an energy storage component, one or more antenna (e.g., Bluetooth antenna, NFC antenna, and the like), a power management component, a flexible printed circuit board (PCB), a chassis, and/or a card backing layer. A display layer may include enhanced features such as the use of display components as a barcode generator.

Abstract: Air property measurement (e.g., air temperature, air density, etc.) sensors may take the form of an all-fiber-optic device employing Rotational Raman light detection and ranging technology. Not only do the fiber optic devices described herein require no moving parts, but also these devices may be compact in design and require less power to operate as compared to conventional apparatus. As a result, embodiments may be used in applications in which physical space and power demands may be limited, such as in aircraft.

Abstract: A spectrum measurement apparatus includes: a plurality of light sources configured to emit light having different wavelengths to an object; a light detector configured to receive light, which is reflected or scattered from or transmitted through the object, and to measure an intensity of the received light; and a processor configured to determine a strength of an electric signal to be applied to at least one of the plurality of light sources by using one of the plurality of light sources, and by applying the electric signal having the determined strength to the plurality of light sources to obtain a spectrum of the object.

Abstract: An example device includes a substrate having a first surface, an electrowetting force generation layer above the first surface, and a nanostructure layer formed above the electrowetting force generation layer, the nanostructure layer having nano-fingers formed thereon. The electrowetting force generation layer is to generate an electrical field to selectively move at least one reactant on the nano-fingers of the nanostructure layer.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to nanoscale wires, and to methods of producing nanoscale wires. In some aspects, the nanoscale wires are nanowires comprising a core which is continuous and a shell which may be continuous or discontinuous, and/or may have regions having different cross-sectional areas. In some embodiments, the shell regions are produced by passing the shell material (or a precursor thereof) over a core nanoscale wire under conditions in which Plateau-Raleigh crystal growth occurs, which can lead to non-homogenous deposition of the shell material on different regions of the core. The core and the shell each independently may comprise semiconductors, and/or non-semiconductor materials such as semiconductor oxides, metals, polymers, or the like. Other embodiments are generally directed to systems and methods of making or using such nanoscale wires, devices containing such nanoscale wires, or the like.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a spectrometric measuring device for a process measuring point including a housing, a radiation source arranged in the housing, a coupling and decoupling optical system to direct radiation from the radiation source into a measuring region and to couple measuring radiation from the measuring region into the housing, a spectrograph arranged in the housing and aligned such that the measuring radiation is detected by the spectrograph with a detector, an electronic device arranged in the housing and connected to the detector and configured to detect a spectrum from the spectrograph and to process it to determine a concentration of an analyte in the measuring medium or a value derived therefrom, and a connection connected to the housing for connecting the housing to a process container, wherein the measuring region is located within a volume of the process container, said volume containing the measuring medium.

Abstract: A method for calibrating a radio frequency test instrument is described wherein a first frequency response is measured using a radio frequency and coarse intermediate frequency grid. A first matrix is created comprising data obtained from said first frequency response measuring. A second frequency response is measured using a radio frequency and fine intermediate frequency grid. A second matrix is created comprising data obtained from said second frequency response measuring. Said first matrix and said second matrix are processed and combined in order to determine a frequency response for a radio frequency desired, said first matrix and said second matrix comprising data obtained from measurements performed with different radio frequency and intermediate frequency grids. Further, a radio frequency test instrument is described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus (1) for particle measurement. The apparatus (1) comprising a mixing chamber (16) having a sample inlet (14), an ionized gas outlet (12) for feeding ionized clean gas into the mixing chamber (16), and a mixing chamber outlet (18) for discharging mixed sample aerosol formed in the mixing chamber (16). The apparatus further comprises a sample channel (34) connected to the sample inlet (14) and extending in a first supply direction, a sample supply connection (50) arranged to supply sample aerosol to the sample channel (34) and a sample supply channel (52) connected to the sample supply connection (50) in a second supply direction transverse to the first supply direction. The sample supply connection (50) is arranged to supply the sample aerosol from the sample supply channel (52) to the sample channel (34) as a swirling sample aerosol flow.

Abstract: A process for detecting a detuning which currently exists at a wavelength splitter within an optical fiber transmission network, comprises assessing expected values relating to at least two light sub-carriers, and determining actual values relating to said at least two light sub-carriers. A wavelength shift value which quantifies the existing detuning is obtained from a comparison between the expected and actual values. The process may be completed with updating a tuning of a light source from which the sub-carriers are derived, so as to reduce the wavelength shift.

Abstract: A surface-enhanced Raman scattering element comprises a substrate having a principal surface; a molded layer having a support part formed on the principal surface of the substrate so as to extend along the principal surface and a fine structure part formed on the support part; a frame part formed on the principal surface of the substrate so as to surround the support part and fine structure part along the principal surface; and a conductor layer formed on at least the fine structure part and constituting an optical functional part for generating surface-enhanced Raman scattering; while the fine structure part are formed integrally with the support part.

Abstract: A Raman spectrum detecting method and electronic device are disclosed. In one aspect, an example method includes detecting and obtaining a first Raman spectrum signal of a package. A second Raman spectrum signal of the object is detected and obtained with the package. The first Raman spectrum signal is successively subtracting from the second Raman spectrum signal to obtain a series of third Raman spectrum signals with package interference eliminated. Information entropies of the third and first Raman spectrum signals are calculated and compared with information entropy of the first Raman spectrum signal. Information entropies of third Raman spectrum signals greater than the first Raman spectrum signal are set into an information entropy sequence to be selected, and a minimum information entropy from the sequence is selected. The third Raman spectrum signal corresponding to the minimum information entropy is used as an optimized Raman spectrum signal with package interference eliminated.

Abstract: A nanoparticle screening chip and a method using said chip allowing for determining physical properties of nanoparticles, wherein the screening chip comprises a substrate having a working surface divided into a plurality of areas, wherein (1) each of these areas presents different surface properties defined by surface energy component (d,b,a), the total free energy ?TOT of the surface of each area being defined as follows: ?TOT=?LW+2(?+??)0.5, wherein the components are: ?LW=dispersive component=d, ?+=electron acceptor component=b, ??=electron donor component=a; and (2) each of these areas comprises a plurality of subareas, each subarea comprising an array of sub-micrometric holes or elongated grooves with a different aperture size (S1, S2, S3, . . . ).

Abstract: An SERS element includes a substrate, a fine structure portion formed on a surface of the substrate and having a plurality of pillars, and a conductor layer formed on the fine structure portion and constituting an optical functional portion that causes surface-enhanced Raman scattering. A groove is provided in an outer surface of each pillar. A plurality of gaps are formed in the conductor layer by forming the conductor layer on the outer surface of each pillar in a state in which at least a portion of an inner surface of the groove is exposed.

Abstract: An ATR optical instrument condensing an infrared light to a sample-side surface of a ATR crystal to measure a total reflection absorption spectrum includes: an incident-side ellipsoidal mirror condensing the infrared light to the sample-side surface at an incident angle equal to or larger than a critical angle ?c inside; an exiting-side ellipsoidal mirror condensing a total reflection light from the sample-side surface; dichroic mirrors guiding an illumination light coaxially to the ellipsoidal mirrors; and a ZnS lens condensing a visible light from the sample-side surface to observe a contact state of the sample. The dichroic mirrors are configured to guide the illumination light to the ellipsoidal mirrors such that the illumination light is condensed to the sample-side surface at an angle less that a critical angle ?c? of the visible light. Accordingly, the ATR optical instrument becomes compact, and can visually observe the contact state of the sample surface.

Abstract: A compact dual-wavelength Raman probe using two laser sources each providing Raman excitation light at a different wavelength is disclosed causing Raman scattering in a fingerprint region associated with one excitation wavelength and causing Raman scattering in a stretch region, which are detected by the same detector array.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a novel approach for optimizing detection performance of a standoff optical detection system using the inelastic scattering of light from the target and/or inelastic scattering of light from molecules between the light emitting source and the target. This is a useful approach primarily for systems which already employ a pulsed light source, a detector, and a timing mechanism but whose primary function is not the detection of range. Using this methodology removes the need to deploy a secondary device to find range or augments the ability of any included range finder to widen the overall system operating envelope, reliability, and performance.

Abstract: The present specification relates to a metal nanoparticle.

Abstract: This invention discloses a Reverse Intensity Correction method for spectral library search to correct for instrument response without the side effect of magnifying the noise in the low responsivity region of test spectra. Instead of applying relative intensity correction to the sample test spectra to match the standardized library spectra, a reverse intensity correction is applied to the standardized library spectra to match the uncorrected sample spectrum. This simple procedural change improves library search performance, especially for dispersive CCD Raman analyzers using NIR excitations, where the instrument response often varies greatly across the spectral range, and SNR in the low responsivity regions is typically poor.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for processing a bio optical signal based on a spread spectrum scheme including a demodulator configured to collect a bio optical signal generated in response to an incident beam modulated based on a spreading code being scattered from a target analyte, and remove a noise from the bio optical signal by demodulating the bio optical signal based on the spreading code, wherein the bio optical signal has a correlation with the modulated incident beam.

Abstract: Disclosed is an analyte detector with a light blocking assembly. The light blocking assembly includes a light blocking cartridge positioned within the bore of a sampling tip. The light blocking assembly provides fluid communication between the environment and a sensor assembly in an analyte detector while substantially precluding the passage of light.

Abstract: The invention relates to a spectrophotometer, especially a spectrophotometer that can carry out simultaneous analysis at different points on the same sample (4), with a high spatial resolution and without requiring a mechanical system for physical scanning along the sample. This is obtained by the provision of means for processing the light received by the photodetectors (5), said processing means having a correlation wherein each of the photodetectors (5) corresponds to a spatial point on the sample (4). In the case of dark field applications, the present invention ensures the standardization of the data using the same measure.

Abstract: A nonlinear optical process on increasing the signal in SRS microscope by Resonant Stimulated Raman Scattering (RSRS) combines both RRS and SRS nonlinear processes, in absorber and host such a ?-carotene-methanol solution, Flavins, or other key absorbers in tissues. The observed effect of enhanced RSRS in small signal gain is attributed to RR process in absorber ?-carotene that transferring excess vibrations to host methanol from anharmonic vibrational interactions between the solute ?-carotene in resonance with the solvent methanol vibrations. SRS microscopy signals are improved in RSRS microscope for imaging vibrational states in lipids CH2 and proteins CH3 in cancer tissues from RR in Flavins or other native chromophores in tissue and for applications in other areas of neuroscience and biomedicine, potentially enhancing signals in the RSRS microscope by 2 to 1000 times.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a Raman spectroscopic inspection method, comprising the steps of: measuring a Raman spectrum of an object to be inspected successively to collect a plurality of Raman spectroscopic signals; superposing the plurality of Raman spectroscopic signals to form a superposition signal; filtering out a florescence interfering signal from the superposition signal; and identifying the object to be inspected on basis of the superposition signal from which the florescence interfering signal has been filtered out. By means of the above method, a desired Raman spectroscopic signal may be acquired by removing the interference caused by a florescence signal from a Raman spectroscopic inspection signal of the object. It may inspect correctly the characteristics of the Raman spectrum of the object so as to identify the object effectively.

Abstract: A laser system and method employing stimulated Raman scattering using a main laser pulse and a delayed replica reference pulse are provided. A further aspect calculates stimulated Raman loss and stimulated Raman gain from a reflected laser light scatter collected from a fabric or paper specimen. In another aspect, a laser system receives a low energy portion of a spectrum of main and reference laser pulses with a first photodetector, receives a higher energy portion of the spectrum of the main and reference pulses with a second photodetector, and uses a controller to determine a Raman active phonon transfer of energy manifested as an increase in the reflected laser scatter in a lower energy portion of the spectrum and a decrease in a higher energy portion of the spectrum. In yet another aspect, the controller automatically determines if a hazardous particle or substance such as an explosive, is present on a specimen.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes methods and systems for detecting a tracer in a hydrocarbon reservoir. One method includes injecting a tracer at a first location in a reservoir, wherein the tracer mixes with subsurface fluid in the reservoir; collecting fluid samples at a second location in the reservoir; mixing a magnetic surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) particle with the fluid samples; applying a magnetic field to the mixed fluid samples; and analyzing the fluid samples to detect a presence of the tracer in the fluid samples.