Abstract: Multiple LIDAR output signals are generated and are concurrently directed to the same sample region in a field of view. The LIDAR output signals have one or more optical diversities selected from a group consisting of wavelength diversity, polarization diversity, and diversity of an angle of incidence of the LIDAR output signal relative to the sample region.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure describe systems, methods, and structures—including LiDAR—that employ multiple detectors that may determine multiple incident angles of multiple received radiation beams and advantageously do not require or employ phase shifters in illustrative embodiments and may instead—employ optical Fourier transform structures.

Abstract: In order to reliably detect a target object located within a projection area and measure a distance to the detected target object, a distance measurement system includes: a light emitting device including a phase-modulation-type spatial light modulator element, and configured to emit projected light for forming a pattern associated with a phase distribution displayed on a display part of the spatial light modulator element, toward at least two projection areas; a light receiving device for capturing an area including a pattern to be formed by projected light emitted by the light emitting device; and a control device for controlling light emission from the light emitting device, verifying, for each projection area, presence or absence of a target object within the projection area by analyzing imaging data captured by the light receiving device, and measuring a distance to a detected target object.

Abstract: Embodiments discussed herein refer to LiDAR systems and methods that use a virtual window to monitor for potentially unsafe operation of a laser. If an object is detected within the virtual window, the LiDAR system can be instructed to deactivate laser transmission.

Abstract: In an apparatus, each of light receiving elements outputs an intensity signal based on a corresponding intensity of return light from a measurement space. The return light includes reflected light reflected based on reflection of the measurement light by a target object. An identifying unit identifies a light receiving area in the light detection region as a function of the intensity signals of the respective light receiving elements. The light receiving area is based on specified light receiving elements in the plurality of light receiving elements. The specified light receiving elements are arranged to receive the reflected light. A distance measuring unit measures the distance of the target object in accordance with the intensity signals received by the specified light receiving elements.

Abstract: Provided is a communication management system of a surveying instrument, which enables management by a management server through a communication network even when the surveying instrument has no communication function with the management server through the communication network.

Abstract: A lidar system comprises a first lens, a second lens, and a switch. The first lens has a first field of view that receives incident light from the first field of view. The second lens has a second field of view that receives incident light from the second field of view, wherein the second field of view is encompassed by and narrower than the first field of view. The switch controls which of the first and second lenses are used for detecting returns from laser pulse shots based on where the laser pulse shots are targeted in a field of view that encompasses the first and second fields of view. The switch may comprise an optical switch or an electronic switch.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a laser positioning apparatus and a laser positioning method, the laser positioning apparatus comprises a laser emitting module configured to generate a first laser; a laser direction adjusting module configured to adjust the first laser to a second laser in a first direction when the laser direction adjusting module is located in a first position, and adjust the first laser to a third laser in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction when the laser direction adjusting module is located in a second position; a distance determining module configured to receive the laser reflected or diffused back by the second laser on a surface of a first object to be measured to determine a distance from the laser positioning apparatus to the first object to be measured, or receive the laser reflected or diffused back by the third laser on a surface of a second object to be measured to determine a distance from the laser positioning apparatus to the second object to be measured

Abstract: The present invention provides a laser ranging apparatus, including: a holder, a measuring part mounted to the holder, and a housing detachably connected to the holder, wherein the housing includes a first casing. The first casing is an integrally formed tubular structure detachably sleeved outside the holder. An advantage of the present invention is to provide a laser ranging apparatus for fixedly mounting a measuring component on a holder and installing a detachable casing on the outside of the holder so as to ensure that the position of the measuring component will not be moved during the disassembly and assembly of the casing and the ranging precision of the measuring part will not be affected. The casing is composed of several simple components, which can effectively reduce the process difficulty of the casing parts.

Abstract: A total station or a theodolite includes scanning functionality for optical surveying of an environment, in which the total station or the theodolite is configured such that direction-dependent active acquisition regions of the receiver are defined depending on the transmission direction of the transmitted radiation to adapt the receiver surface mechanically and/or electronically to a varying imaging position of the received radiation on the overall detector surface.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an integrated light transmission/reception optical system module includes a light receiving lens, a light source, and a light transmitting mirror. The light receiving lens receives light, concentrates the received light on a light detector disposed at a rear position, and has an optical path groove formed to be directed from a circumference to a central portion and formed to expose a front side. The light source outputs a pulse laser along the optical path groove from the circumference of the light receiving lens toward the central portion of the light receiving lens. The light transmitting mirror is disposed within the optical path groove, is located on a path of the pulse laser, and reflects in a front direction the pulse laser outputted from the light source. Other embodiments are also possible.

Abstract: Techniques are described for computing devices to perform automated operations related to using images acquired in a building as part of generating a floor plan for the building, in some cases without using depth information from depth-sensing equipment about distances from the images' acquisition locations to objects in the surrounding building, and for subsequent use in further automated manners, such as controlling navigation of mobile devices and/or for display to end users in a corresponding GUI (graphical user interface). In some cases, the MIGM system interacts with an MIGM system operator user, such as by displaying a GUI showing information related to the images and/or a floor plan being generated, and by receiving and using input submitted by the user via the GUI to assist with the generating of the floor plan, such as to specify interconnections between particular rooms via particular inter-room wall openings of the rooms.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for determining a range and relative speed of objects in an environment. An example method includes causing a laser light source to emit a plurality of light pulses, both incoherent and coherent. The light pulses interact with an environment to provide reflected light pulses. The method includes providing a local oscillator signal based on a coherent light pulse. The method also includes receiving, at a detector, the reflected light pulses, and the local oscillator signal. The method additionally includes determining, based on at least one of the reflected light pulses, a presence of an object in the environment. The method yet further includes determining, based on another reflected light pulse and the local oscillator signal, a relative speed of the object with respect to the detector.

Abstract: A lidar system, preferably including one or more transmit modules, beam directors, and/or receive modules, and optionally including one or more processing modules. A method of lidar system operation, preferably including: emitting light beams, receiving reflected light beams, and/or analyzing data associated with the received light beams.

Abstract: The invention relates to a emitter device (8) for an optical detection apparatus (3) of a motor vehicle (1), which is designed to scan a surrounding region (4) of the motor vehicle (1) by means of a light beam (10), and which comprises a light source (13) for emitting the light beam (10) and a deflection unit (15), wherein the deflection unit (15) is designed to deflect the light beam (10) emitted onto the deflection unit (15) by the light source (13) at different scanning angles (?), wherein the deflection unit (15) comprises a freeform mirror (19). The freeform mirror (19) comprises at least two surface elements (20a, 20b) having different angles of inclination (21a, 21b) and is designed to reflect the light beam (10) in order to generate a predetermined setpoint field of view (16) of the emitter device (8) at predetermined setpoint values (??3, ??2, ??1, ?0, +?1, +?2, +?3) for the scanning angle (?), said setpoint values corresponding to the angles of inclination (21a, 21b).

Abstract: The present invention provides a laser ranging apparatus, including: a holder, a measuring part mounted to the holder, and a housing detachably connected to the holder, wherein the housing includes a first casing. The first casing is an integrally formed tubular structure detachably sleeved outside the holder. An advantage of the present invention is to provide a laser ranging apparatus for fixedly mounting a measuring component on a holder and installing a detachable casing on the outside of the holder so as to ensure that the position of the measuring component will not be moved during the disassembly and assembly of the casing and the ranging precision of the measuring part will not be affected. The casing is composed of several simple components, which can effectively reduce the process difficulty of the casing parts.

Abstract: A LIDAR system, comprising: (a) a plurality of anchored LIDAR sensing units, each anchored LIDAR sensing unit comprising at least: (i) a housing; (ii) at least one detector, mounted in the housing, configured to detect light signals arriving from objects in a field of view of the anchored LIDAR sensing unit; and (iii) a communication unit, configured to output detection information which is based on outputs of the at least one detector and which is indicative of existence of the objects; and (b) at least one integratory processing unit, configured to receive the detection information from two or more of the plurality of anchored LIDAR sensing units, and to process the received detection information to provide a three dimensional model of a scene which is larger than any of the field of views of the independent anchored LIDAR sensing units.

Abstract: A system is presented in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In various embodiments, the system includes a light source configured to emit light, an emitting lens positioned to obtain the emitted light and configured to produce a shaped beam, an optical element positioned to obtain the shaped beam and redirect the shaped beam toward a near field object to produce scattered light from the near field object, and to obtain and redirect at least a portion of the scattered light, and a collection lens configured to focus the at least the portion of the scattered light on a light detector.

Abstract: An apparatus for light detection and ranging is provided. The apparatus includes a reflective surface configured to oscillate about a rotation axis, and a plurality of light sources each configured to controllably emit a respective light beam via an optical system onto the reflective surface. Further, the apparatus includes a controller configured to control emission times of the plurality of light sources so that the reflective surface emits a plurality of light beams to an environment according to a first sequence of beam directions for a first measurement, and according to a second sequence of beam directions for a subsequent second measurement.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes: a point group data acquisition unit configured to acquire, based on information from a sensor configured to detect an object existing in surroundings of a vehicle, point group data related to a plurality of points representing the object; a movement amount estimation unit configured to estimate a movement amount of the vehicle; a storage unit configured to store, as a point group map recorded in association with position information including a latitude and a longitude, relative positions of the plurality of points relative to a first reference position that is a place on a travel path of the vehicle; and a position estimation unit configured to estimate a position of the vehicle based on the point group map, the point group data, and the movement amount.

Abstract: One example system includes a lens disposed relative to a scene and configured to focus light from the scene. The system also includes an opaque material. The opaque material defines a plurality of apertures including a primary aperture and one or more secondary apertures. The system also includes one or more light detectors (e.g., a single element detector or an array of detectors) configured to intercept and detect diverging light focused by the lens and transmitted through at least one of the plurality of apertures defined by the opaque material.

Abstract: LIDAR systems, and methods of measuring a scene are disclosed. A laser source emits one or more optical beams. A scanning optical system scans the optical beams over a scene and captures reflections from the scene. A measurement subsystem independently measures the reflections from N subpixels within each scene pixel, where N is an integer greater than 1, and combines the measurements of the reflections from the N subpixels to determine range and/or range rate for the pixel.

Abstract: A method for scanning a transmitted beam through a 360° FOV in a LIDAR system using no moving parts. The method includes directing a laser beam at a first frequency to an SPPR device and directing the laser beam from the SPPR device onto a conical mirror to direct the laser beam at a certain angle therefrom depending on the first frequency of the laser beam. The method further includes shifting the optical frequency of the laser beam to a second frequency to change the angle that the transmitted beam is directed from the conical mirror and intensity modulating the laser beam at the second frequency using a first intensity modulation frequency for a predetermined period of time. The method further includes receiving a reflected beam from the target and estimating a round trip time of the transmitted beam and the reflected beam using the modulation of the laser beam.

Abstract: The invention relates to a detection device (4) for a motor vehicle (1) for detecting a distance (x1) of an object (O1) in a surrounding region (5) of the motor vehicle (1) from the motor vehicle (1), comprising an emitting unit (8), which is designed to emit a light beam (9) and to scan the surrounding region (5) by orienting the light beam (9) along predetermined emission angles (10), and comprising a receiving unit (11) having at least two receiving elements (16), which are designed to receive a part (12) of the light beam (9) reflected on the object (O1), to detect the distance (x1) on the basis of a duration between the emission of the light beam (9) and the reception of the reflected part (12) of the light beam (9), and to detect a reception angle (13), at which the reflected part (12) of the light beam (9) from the surrounding region (5) is incident on the receiving unit (11), wherein the receiving unit (11) is designed to detect a deviation (17) between the emission angle (10) of the light beam (9) an

Abstract: A radar device is disclosed including an input DMA module, at least one processing module, and an output DMA module. The input DMA module is arranged to access a memory and supply data from the memory to the at least one processing module, wherein each of the processing modules is arranged to be enabled or disabled. The at least one processing module that is enabled is arranged to process at least a portion of the data supplied by the input DMA module, and the output DMA module is arranged to store the data that are processed by the at least one processing module that is enabled in the memory. Also, a method for processing data by a radar device is provided.

Abstract: An optical assembly for a LiDAR system is described. The optical assembly includes receiver optics and transmitter optics, designed to include partially coaxial beam paths; a line light source having a line orientation, which is configured, in particular within the range of a field of view of the underlying LiDAR system; and a deflection unit in a transition region from a common coaxial region to a separate biaxial region of the beam paths of the receiver optics and of the transmitter optics for biaxially splitting off a detector-side portion of the beam path of the receiver optics. The deflection unit has a hole mirror having an elongated hole that has a greater extent in a direction of longitudinal extent and a lesser extent in a direction of transverse extent. The direction of longitudinal extent of the elongated hole is oriented orthogonally to the line orientation of the line light source.

Abstract: At least one beam of an optical wave is transmitted along a transmission angle toward a target location from a send aperture of a transmitter. A collected optical wave is received at receive apertures of two or more receivers. Each receiver comprises: a receive aperture arranged in proximity to at least one of the send aperture or a receive aperture of a different receiver, an optical phased array within the receive aperture, which receives at least a portion of a collected optical wave arriving at the receive aperture along a respective collection angle, and a detector that provides a signal based on the received portion of the collected optical wave. An estimated distance associated with the collected optical wave is determined based on a combination that includes a respective component corresponding to each of two or more of the signals provided from the detectors of the two or more receivers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vehicle utilizing a LiDAR sensor system for driver assistance systems. A composition consisting of a thermoplastic material based on polycarbonate, polyester carbonate and/or polymethylmethacrylate is used here for forming a cover for the sensor against the surroundings.

Abstract: An aircraft collision avoidance system includes a plurality of three-dimensional (3D) light detection and ranging (LIDAR) sensors, a plurality of sensor processors, a plurality of transmitters, and a display device. Each 3D LIDAR sensor is enclosed in an aircraft exterior lighting fixture that is configured for mounting on an aircraft, and is configured to sense objects within its field-of-view and supply sensor data. Each sensor processor receives sensor data and processes the received sensor data to determine locations and physical dimensions of the sensed objects. Each transmitter receives the object data, and is configured to transmit the received object data. The display device receives and fuses the object data transmitted from each transmitter, fuses the object data and selectively generates one or more potential obstacle alerts based on the fused object data.

Abstract: A system for determining a pose of a vehicle and building maps from vehicle priors processes received ground intensity LIDAR data including intensity data for points believed to be on the ground and height information to form ground intensity LIDAR (GIL) images including pixels in 2D coordinates where each pixel contains an intensity value, a height value, and x- and y-gradients of intensity and height. The GIL images are formed by filtering aggregated ground intensity LIDAR data falling into a same spatial bin on the ground and using a registration algorithm to align two GIL images relative to one another by estimating a 6-degree-of-freedom pose with associated uncertainty that minimizes error between the two GIL images. The aligned GIL images are provided as a pose estimate to a localizer. The system may provide online localization and pose estimation, prior building, and prior to prior alignment pose estimation using image-based techniques.

Abstract: A lidar system that includes a laser source and a scannable mirror can be controlled to adaptively schedule the firing of laser pulse shots at range points in a field of view. A first plurality of laser pulse shots that are fired during a scan of the mirror in a first scan direction can trigger the detection of a region of interest in the field of view. In response to this detection, a second plurality of laser shots targeting the region of interest can be scheduled for the next return scan of the mirror in the opposite direction.

Abstract: A range finder includes a prism module and a prism adjusting mechanism. The prism module includes a fixing prism group and a movable prism group, wherein the fixing prism group is adjacent to the movable prism group. The prism adjusting mechanism includes a first adjusting group and a second adjusting group, wherein the first adjusting group includes a first adjusting member and a second adjusting member, and the second adjusting group includes a third adjusting member. The first adjusting member or the second adjusting member is rotated to axially move so that the movable prism group is rotated with respect to the fixing prism group about a first axis, the third adjusting member is rotated to axially move so that the movable prism group is rotated with respect to the fixing prism group about a second axis, and the first axis is perpendicular to the second axis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a trench cross-section reference line setting device, comprising: a trench reference line setting body unit (100) for setting a trench cross-section reference line, wherein the trench reference line setting body unit (100) has a sensor unit (10) at the center thereof, two horizontal units (20) orthogonal to each other on the upper surface thereof, and three laser light source units (30) and a grid photographing unit (110?), respectively, on the side surfaces thereof; a reference line setting tripod unit (200) rotatably coupled to the trench reference line setting body unit (100) and having a posture adjusting unit (230) and a height adjusting unit (250); and a trench stratum analysis server (300) for receiving a fault image photographed by the grid photographing unit (110?) of the trench reference line setting body unit (100) and creating a stratum map of a trench cross-section structure.

Abstract: A tool for applying a protective film to a lens of a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) sensor is disclosed. The tool includes at least one cover, a film spindle, a film roller, and a pivot bar. The at least one cover has an elongated shape with a first end and a second end opposite of the first end. The film spindle is mounted to the at least one cover adjacent to the second end thereof. The film spindle is configured to hold a roll of the protective film. The film roller is mounted to the at least one cover adjacent to the first end thereof. The film roller is configured to apply the protective film onto the lens. The pivot bar has a first end configured to be pivotally attached to the LIDAR sensor and a second end pivotally attached to the at least one cover.

Abstract: A method may include obtaining a data set for analysis, and selecting at least one candidate of bias for predicting whether the data set includes a result that is biased based on the candidate. The method may also include generating a point cloud of the data set based on the candidate and the result. The method may additionally include computing, prior to performing classification on the data set using machine learning, persistence homology on the point cloud based on the candidate and the result. The method may also include plotting persistence barcodes based on the persistence homology, where the persistence barcodes may be indicative of a duration of complexes within the persistence homology, determining a length of a longest barcode in the persistence barcodes, and generating a quantification of the bias based on the longest barcode and a visualization of the bias based on the plot of the persistence barcodes.

Abstract: A distance measurement sensor that detects a distance to an object based on heterodyne detection using light generated from a light source and another light received by a light receiver, includes: a scanning unit which scans the light in a first direction; a diffusing lens which diffuses the light in a second direction; multiplexers which multiplex the light and the another light to provide optical signals, respectively; and a processor which detects the distance to the object based on the optical signals. The light receiver has light receiving antennas in the second direction. The multiplexers are connected to the light receiving antennas, respectively. The processor performs a parallel processing for detecting the distance to the object based on the optical signals with respect to the light receiving antennas individually.

Abstract: A lidar receiver can employ multiple processors to distribute the workload of processing returns from laser pulse shots. Activation/deactivation times of pixel sets that are used by the lidar receiver to sense returns can be used to define which samples in a return buffer will be used for processing to detect each return, and multiple processors can share the workload of processing these samples in an effort to improve the latency of return detection.

Abstract: An example apparatus includes a light projecting system, a light receiving system, and a controller. The light projecting system projects beams of light of a wavelength that is invisible. The beams form a pattern on a surface when the beams are incident upon the surface. The light receiving system acquires an image of the pattern on the surface. The controller calculates a distance to the surface based on the image. The light receiving system includes a lens, an imaging sensor, and a bandpass filter. The imaging sensor includes a first subset of photodetectors sensitive to wavelengths of light that are visible and a second subset of photodetectors sensitive to the wavelength of light that is invisible. The bandpass filter includes a first passband whose range corresponds to the wavelengths of light that are visible and a second passband whose range corresponds to the wavelength of light that is invisible.

Abstract: An optical detection unit detects a return light and outputs a detection signal. An optical multiplexer/demultiplexer outputs the monitoring light to the optical transmission line, and outputs the return light to the optical detection unit. A processing unit detects a first timing at which the detection signal becomes less than a first threshold value, detects a second timing at which the detection signal becomes less than a second threshold value, and calculates a first change rate of the detection signal in a period between the first and second timings. The processing unit changes the first and second threshold values to calculate the first change rate for a plurality of periods, and, when a second change rate between the first change rates in two adjacent periods is greater than a threshold value, either of the first and second timings in one period is detected as the breakage position.

Abstract: In one embodiment, example systems and methods related to a manner of optimizing LiDAR sensor placement on autonomous vehicles are provided. A range-of-interest is defined for the autonomous vehicle that includes the distances from which the autonomous vehicle is interested in collecting sensor data. The range-of-interest is segmented into multiple cubes of the same size. For each LiDAR sensor, a shape is determined based on information such as the number of lasers in each LiDAR sensor and the angle associated with each laser. An optimization problem is solved using the determined shape for each LiDAR sensor and the cubes of the range-of-interest to determine the locations to place each LiDAR sensor to maximize the number of cubes that are captured. The optimization problem may further determine the optimal pitch angle and roll angle to use for each LiDAR sensor to maximize the number of cubes that are captured.

Abstract: An autonomous vehicle having a LIDAR system mounted thereon or incorporated therein is described. The LIDAR system has N channels, with each channel being a light emitter/light detector pair. A computing system identifies M channels that are to be active during a scan of the LIDAR system, wherein M is less than N. The computing system transmits a command signal to the LIDAR system, and the LIDAR system performs a scan with the M channels being active (and N-M channels being inactive). The LIDAR system constructs a point cloud based upon the scan, and the computing system controls the autonomous vehicle based upon the point cloud.

Abstract: An imaging device testing system has a light receiver for receiving light from an imaging device under test, a light emitter for returning the light back to the imaging device under test, and first and second transceiver tables movable relative to each other. The first transceiver table has a first light redirecting module for receiving the light from the light receiver and the second transceiver table comprising a second light redirecting module for transmitting the light to the light emitter. The first and second light redirecting modules are positionable to simulate a distance travelled by the light from the light receiver, through the first and second light redirecting modules and a gap between the first and second light redirecting modules, to the light emitter.

Abstract: A laser diode firing circuit for a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) device that includes an inductively coupled feedback system is disclosed. The firing circuit includes a laser diode coupled in series with a transistor, such that current through the laser diode is controlled by the transistor. The laser diode is configured to emit a pulse of light in response to current flowing through the laser diode. A feedback loop is positioned to be inductively coupled to a current path of the firing circuit that includes the laser diode. As such, a change in current flowing through the laser diode induces a voltage in the feedback loop. A change in voltage across the leads of the feedback loop can be detected and the timing of the voltage change can be used to determine the time that current begins flowing through the laser diode.

Abstract: A waveguide comprises a first surface and a second surface. The first surface comprises a first plurality of grating structures. The first surface other than the first plurality of grating structures comprises a first reflective layer. The second surface comprises a second reflective layer. The waveguide is configured to guide an in-coupled light beam to undergo reflections between the first reflective layer and the second reflective layer. The first plurality of grating structures are configured to disrupt the reflections to cause at least a portion of the in-coupled light beam to couple out of the waveguide and project from the first surface, the portion of the in-coupled light beam coupled out of the waveguide forming out-coupled light beams.

Abstract: A lidar system that includes a laser source and transmits laser pulses produced by the laser source toward range points in a field of view via a mirror that scans through a plurality of scan angles can use (1) a laser energy model to model the available energy in the laser source over time and (2) a mirror motion model to model motion of the mirror over time. Time slots for transmitting the targeted laser pulses can be identified using the mirror motion model, and a schedule for these pulses can be determined using energies predicted for the pulses at these time slots according to the laser energy model. Linking the model of mirror motion with the model of laser energy provides highly precise granularity when scheduling laser pulses targeted at specific range points in the field of view.

Abstract: In a light deflection device and a lidar device, a parallel operation can be realized with a simple constitution, so as to avoid enlargement or complication of a system. The reflection angle of the light deflection device depends on a wavelength and a refractive index, so that light beams with respective wavelengths different from each other are simultaneously and parallelly deflected in directions of deflection angles each defined by the wavelength and the refractive index. The light beams with the plural wavelengths different from each other are deflected at the different deflection angles each defined by each wavelength and the refractive index, so that they can be deflected simultaneously and parallelly. The plural deflected light beams can be distinguished from each other based on the difference in the wavelength and the deflection angle of the light, even in the simultaneous and parallel operation.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus for the three-dimensional geometric acquisition of surroundings by means of a rotating transceiver platform and a multiplicity of transmission channels for emitting pulsed distance measurement beams, wherein in each case a different elevation with respect to a reference plane orthogonal to the rotation axis is scannable with each of the transmission channels. Furthermore, the measuring apparatus comprises a receiving unit having a sensor arrangement of semiconductor photomultiplier sensors, wherein the number of sensors is less than the number of transmission channels, and the transmitting unit and the receiving unit are configured such that at least two of the transmission channels are assigned to a common sensor, which is configured for generating distance measurement data with respect to the at least two transmission channels.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a ballistic projectile velocity measurement apparatus that senses and records the times in which a projectile travels through two vertical planes represented by two sensor gates which are spaced horizontally from each other. The sensor gates each utilize an LED laser that emits a laser light through a diffuser along a diffusion angle into a plurality of laser light sensors to create a wall of laser light, and the sensor gates register a break in the wall of light when a ballistic projectile obstructs the light received by at least one laser light sensor. The ballistics apparatus then determines the velocity of the projectile based on the distance between the two gates and difference in time between the two plane-breaking events.

Abstract: A lidar sensor may include: a transmitter configured to transmit laser; a receiver configured to receive reflected laser; a mirror rotating unit configured to rotate a mirror in a designated direction, the mirror serving to reflect the transmitted or received laser; a cleaning device driving unit configured to drive a cleaning device to remove foreign matters adhering to the cover of the lidar sensor; a signal processing unit configured to determine when or where the lidar sensor is covered and calculate a distance to an object; and a control unit configured to control the transmitter not to transmit a laser signal or control a rotational velocity or rotation time of the mirror at a point of time that the lidar sensor is covered by the cleaning device, and control detection or utilization of the received signal when the distance to the object is calculated.

Abstract: An operating mode of a laser scanner is selected from a plurality of operating modes in dependence on a driving state of a vehicle.