Abstract: Disclosed is an electrochromic device that includes a first electrode and a second electrode facing each other, an electrochromic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, and an electrolyte between the first electrode and the second electrode and being in contact with the electrochromic layer. The electrochromic layer may include a plurality of oxide semiconductor particles, a metal oxide on the surface of the oxide semiconductor particles, and an electrochromic material. An energy bandgap of the oxide semiconductor particles is in a range of about 3 eV to about 5 eV and an energy bandgap of the metal oxide is in a range of about 3 eV to about 5 eV, and a difference of conduction band energy levels of the oxide semiconductor particles and the metal oxide is about 0.5 eV or less. A method of manufacturing the electrochromic device may also be provided.

Abstract: An all-solid-state reflective dimming electrochromic element having a multilayer film formed on a transparent substrate, which is characterized in that the multilayer film has a multilayer structure comprising at least a transparent conductive film layer, an ion storage layer, a solid electrolyte layer, a buffer layer, a catalyst layer, a reflective dimming layer, and a protective layer formed on the transparent substrate, and which is sealed with the protective layer, and a dimming member comprising the same are provided.

Abstract: An electrochromic device including: (a) a first substantially transparent substrate having an electrically conductive material associated therewith; (b) a second substrate having an electrically conductive material associated therewith; (c) an electrochromic medium contained within a chamber positioned between the first and second substrates which includes: (1) a solvent; (2) an anodic material; and (3) a cathodic material, wherein both of the anodic and cathodic materials are electroactive and at least one of the anodic and cathodic materials is electrochromic; (d) wherein a seal member, the first substrate, the second substrate, and/or the chamber includes a plug associated with a fill port; and (e) wherein the plug is at least partially cured with an antimonate photo initiator and/or is a one- or two-part plug which comprises a resin or mixture of resins that are substantially insoluble and/or substantially immiscible with an associated electrochromic medium while in the uncured state.

Abstract: A multicolor photovoltaic electrochromic apparatus is provided, including a first transparent substrate, a second transparent substrate opposite to the first transparent substrate, a photovoltaic electrochromic device on the first transparent substrate, and a chromogenic device between the first and the second transparent substrates. The photovoltaic electrochromic device includes thin-film solar cells and an electrochromic material on the thin-film solar cells. The thin-film solar cells have different potential differences, and each of the thin-film solar cells includes an anode, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a cathode. The chromogenic device includes two electrodes and a chromogenic material thereon. The cathodes of the thin-film solar cells, which have distinct potential differences, are connected to the first electrode and the second electrode of the chromogenic device respectively.

Abstract: A transparent optical component comprises two sets of cells (1) disposed in respective superposed layers (10, 20). Each cell (1) contains an optically active material, and the cells in each set are isolated from one another by separating portions (2) within the corresponding layer. The cells (1) of one layer are offset relative to the cells of the other layer so as to be located in line with the separating portions (2) pertaining to the other layer. Such optical component exhibits transparency that is improved compared with components having a single layer of cells or cells that are superposed.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrochromic materials containing a film-forming polymer with a Tg less than 100° C.; a plasticizer; an electrochromophore; an electron mediator; and a salt. Also disclosed are electrochromic devices using such electrochromic materials that can provide light-filtering, color-modulation, or reflectance-modulation in variable transmittance windows, variable-reflectance mirrors and other dynamic glazing applications.

Abstract: Conventional electrochromic devices frequently suffer from poor reliability and poor performance. Improvements are made using entirely solid and inorganic materials. Electrochromic devices are fabricated by forming an ion conducting electronically insulating interfacial region that serves as an IC layer. In some methods, the interfacial region is formed after formation of an electrochromic and a counter electrode layer. The interfacial region contains an ion conducting electronically insulating material along with components of the electrochromic and/or the counter electrode layer. Materials and microstructure of the electrochromic devices provide improvements in performance and reliability over conventional devices.

Abstract: An electrochemical formulation has an active dye. An organic electrochromic switchable electronic component of high switching speed is made using the dye. The component is used to make electrochromic displays. The dye has substituents limiting or preventing a ?-merisation of the aromatic moieties.

Abstract: An automotive rearview mirror assembly includes an electrochromic reflective element having a transparent electrical conductor disposed at a second surface of a first substrate and a mirror reflector disposed at a third surface of a second substrate. The mirror assembly includes electrochromic mirror dimming circuitry for controlling dimming of the electrochromic medium. The mirror assembly may include one or more features and at least one of the features may share a component with the electrochromic mirror dimming circuitry and/or share circuitry with the electrochromic mirror dimming circuitry. The mirror assembly may include a video camera and/or an on-demand display viewable through the mirror reflector by the driver of the equipped vehicle when displaying information and substantially non-viewable by the driver of the equipped vehicle when not displaying information.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrochromic material including a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 and an electrochromic device including the electrochromic material. In Chemical Formula 1, R1, R2, L1, and L2 are as defined in the detailed description.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electrochromic polyaniline thin film changeable in color in dependency upon the supply of electricity is provided. The method comprises the steps of polymerizing aniline monomer into polyaniline polymer, separating the polyaniline polymer, liquefying the separated polyaniline polymer into a dispersing solution using a mixed surfactant, and dissolving an UV curing adhesive in the dispersing solution, whereby the polyaniline thin film has the ductility and improved adhesion force for an electric substrate, so that it is applicable to development of a flexible display and as a next generation hi-tech material.

Abstract: In a touch control electrochromic device such as a resistive or capacitive touch panel, the electrochromic device combined with a resistive touch panel includes a resistive touch panel unit having a first transparent conductive substrate and a second conductive substrate; an electrochromic material, which is a pure liquid filled into the resistive touch panel unit; an insulator installed at internal peripheries of the first transparent conductive substrate and the second conductive substrate; and a controller electrically coupled to the resistive touch panel unit for turning on/off an external power source of the electrochromic material by an external touch control signal. The resistive touch panel unit directly drives the coloration/decoloration of the electrochromic material to achieve the effect of a power saving window or smart glass.

Abstract: The present invention provides an all-solid-state type reflection light controllable electrochromic device having a buffer layer, and the constitution thereof comprises an all-solid-state reflective dimming electrochromic device in which a transparent conductive film layer, an ion storage layer, a solid electrolyte layer, a buffer layer, catalyst layer, and a reflective light controllable layer of a magnesium alloy thin film, in particular a multilayer thin film that uses a magnesium-nickel alloy, magnesium-titanium alloy or magnesium-niobium alloy, are formed on a transparent base that uses a glass or resin sheet, and a method for manufacturing the device, and an optical switchable component that incorporates the reflective light controllable electrochromic device, and according to the present invention, a reflective light controllable electrochromic device having a novel multilayer structure can be provided that enables high transmittance when it is transparent and enables switching in a short time over a w

Abstract: A dual active electrochromic device is a combination of at least two working electrodes that contain electrochromic materials and at least one counter electrode where the potentials between each working electrode and a counter electrode are independently supplied. No more than one electrode is reflective. The color of the device results from the additive color of the electrochromic materials and varies according to the potentials applied independently. The electrochromic materials can be electrochromic polymers that are deposited as film on substrates to form the working electrodes. The electrochromic device can be used for display or window applications.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are novel electrochromic materials. The electrochromic materials are viologens into which an imidazole derivative is asymmetrically introduced. The electrochromic materials can be used in a variety of electrochromic displays, including electrochromic windows and smart windows. Also disclosed herein are electrochromic devices that use the electrochromic materials.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are novel electrochromic materials. The electrochromic materials produce various colors and have bistability to achieve red-green-blue full colors. Therefore, the electrochromic materials can be used in a variety of electrochromic devices. Also disclosed herein are electrochromic devices fabricated using the electrochromic materials.

Abstract: Window units, for example insulating glass units (IGU's), that have at least two panes, each pane having an electrochromic device thereon, are described. Two optical state devices on each pane of a dual-pane window unit provide window units having four optical states. Window units described allow the end user a greater choice of how much light is transmitted through the electrochromic window. Also, by using two or more window panes, each with its own electrochromic device, registered in a window unit, visual defects in any of the individual devices are negated by virtue of the extremely small likelihood that any of the visual defects will align perfectly and thus be observable to the user.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to polyaniline (PANI) materials capable of undergoing stable and reversible polyelectrochromic transitions between multiple oxidation states. More specifically, the embodiments described herein include novel PANI-PAAMPSA structures that are capable of undergoing stable and reversible transitions between the ES, LB and PB oxidation states. In some embodiments, the structures described are capable of undergoing stable transitions over a broad pH range. Also described herein are methods of preparing certain electrochromic structures.

Abstract: An electrochromic device includes a first electrochromic region interconnected with a second electrochromic region by a plurality of conductive links disposed between sides of a substrate on which the material layers of the electrochromic device are formed. The plurality of conductive links interconnects a first isolated conductive region of the first electrochromic region with a first isolated conductive region of the second electrochromic region. A sequence of a counter electrode layer, an ion conductor layer and an electrochromic layer is sandwiched between the first conductive regions of the first and second electrochromic regions and respective second isolated conductive regions of the first and second electrochromic regions. The second conductive regions of the first and second electrochromic regions are connected to respective first and second bus bars which are for connection to a low voltage electrical source.

Abstract: A parallax barrier device includes: a first substrate; a first patterned transparent electrode layer disposed on the first substrate; a first patterned electrochromic material layer disposed on the first patterned transparent electrode layer and including a plurality of electrochromic structures, in which lengths, widths or diameters of the electrochromic structures are 50 nm to 500 nm, and included angles of the electrochromic structures and a surface of the first substrate to be deposited are 30° to 89°; a second substrate; a second patterned transparent electrode layer disposed on the second substrate; a second patterned electrochromic material layer disposed on the second patterned transparent electrode layer; and an electrolyte disposed between the first patterned electrochromic material layer and the second patterned electrochromic material layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides an all solid state type reflection light control electrochromic element and a light control member that uses this element, relates to an all solid state type reflection light control electrochromic element, which is a magnesium/titanium alloy reflection type light control element in which a multilayer thin film is formed on a transparent substrate, wherein at least a transparent conductive film layer, an ion storage layer, a solid electrolyte layer, a catalyst layer, and a reflection light control layer employing a magnesium/titanium alloy thin film are formed on the substrate; and a light control member which is incorporated with this reflection light control electrochromic element, and the present invention allows a reflection light control electrochromic element, which has a novel multilayer structure that is colorless when transparent and can be switched in a short time over a wide area, as well as a light control member incorporated with this element to be provided.

Abstract: A 3D image display device includes a display module, an electrochromic module, a control element and a sensing element. The display module is provided for generating a left-eye image and a right-eye image. The electrochromic module is comprised of a first transparent substrate, a first transparent conductive element, a plurality of first electrochromic elements, an electrolyte layer, a plurality of second electrochromic elements, a second transparent conductive element and a second transparent substrate. The second electrochromic elements are arranged orthogonally with the first electrochromic elements. The control element is provided for switching the voltage of the first and second transparent conductive elements. The sensing element is provided for sensing a rotating direction of the 3D image display device and transmitting a sensing signal to the control element to change the color of the first or second electrochromic element, so as to produce a parallax barrier.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved electro-optic rearview mirror elements and assemblies incorporating the same. Area of the effective field of view of the electro-optic mirror element substantially equals to that defined by the outermost perimeter of the element.

Abstract: Green electrochromic (EC) materials based on thiophene, and a green EC material based on pyrazine are disclosed. A first thiophene derivative (2,3-Di-thiophen-2-yl-thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine), which was previously investigated as a nonlinear optical material, is here disclosed for its use as an EC material and for its incorporation into an EC device. Synthesis of two new thiophene derivatives (2,5-di(thien-2-yl)-3,4-di(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-thiophene and 2,5-(2,3-dihydro-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)-3,4-di(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-thiophene), and a new pyrazine derivative (2,3-dibenzyl-5,7-di(thien-2-yl) thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine) are also disclosed, since these materials are all able to selectively change state to appear a green color and can be polymerized to achieve a green EC polymer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a solid electrolyte, to a process for its manufacture and also to devices comprising it. The electrolyte of the invention is an amorphous solid of formula SivOwCxHyLiz, in which v, w, x, y and z are atomic percentages with 0?v?40, 5?w?50, x>12, 10?y?40, 1?z?70, and 95%?v+w+x+y+z?100%. The electrolyte of the invention finds application in the field of electronics and microbatteries in particular.

Abstract: A 2D/3D image switching display device includes an image display unit and an image switching unit coupled to a surface of the image display unit, and the image switching unit includes a first substrate, a second substrate, first and second conducting elements corresponding to the first and second substrates respectively, and an electrochromic unit installed between the first and second substrates, and the electrochromic unit includes a first electrochromic layer and a second electrochromic layer combined with each other, such that when the image display unit switches its display from the display of planar images to stereo images, the electrochromic layers turn to a dark light-shading condition for a better light-shielding effect, and moire patterns will not be produced after naked eyes receive left and right eye images of a stereo image, and the display device can display stereo images directly without requiring an additional parallax barrier device.

Abstract: An electrochromic display apparatus includes a display substrate; an opposite substrate disposed opposite the display substrate; an opposite electrode disposed on the opposite substrate; a plurality of display electrodes disposed between the display substrate and the opposite electrode, the display electrodes being electrically isolated from each other; a plurality of electrochromic layers disposed on the corresponding display electrodes; and an electrolyte disposed between the display electrodes and the opposite electrode. An electric resistance between one display electrode and another display electrode is greater than an electric resistance of the one or the other display electrode. One or more display electrodes that are disposed between the display electrode closest to the display substrate and the opposite electrode are configured to be permeable to the electrolyte.

Abstract: An abnormality detecting apparatus includes a power supply portion applying a voltage to electrodes provided at both surfaces of a light control glass adapted to be provided at a vehicle to change a transparency of the light control glass, a detection portion detecting a detectable amount obtained on the basis of the voltage applied to the electrodes, and an abnormality determination portion determining whether or not an abnormality occurs to the light control glass based on a predetermined detectable amount and the detectable amount detected by the detection portion.

Abstract: In an electrochromic module combined with organic and inorganic materials and a display device combined with the module, the display device has the electrochromic module installed on a surface of an image display module, and the electrochromic module comprises a first transparent substrate, a second transparent substrate, and a transparent conductive element and an electrochromic layer disposed between the substrates, and the electrochromic layer is made of mixing an organic material and an inorganic material into a solvent. With the transfer of electrons between the organic and inorganic materials, the valence of ions of the materials is changed. By gaining electrons for a reduction, and losing electrons for an oxidation, a color change is achieved, and the invention has the advantages of high speed, uniformity, and a low driving voltage.

Abstract: An strengthened electrochromic reflection structure comprises a substrate, an interfacial layer combined onto the substrate, a reflection layer combined onto the interfacial layer, a first conductive layer combined onto the reflection layer, an electrochromic layer combined onto the first conductive layer, a second conductive layer combined onto the electrochromic layer, and a panel combined onto the second conductive layer. By such arrangements, the reflectivity of the strengthened electrochromic reflection structure is increased when light is emitted onto the front surface of the strengthened electrochromic reflection structure, and the back light transmission is improved when light is emitted on the back surface of the strengthened electrochromic reflection structure.

Abstract: In an electrochromic module and a display device integrated with the electrochromic module, the electrochromic module is installed on a surface of the display device and includes a first transparent substrate and a second transparent substrate. A transparent conductive element and an electrochromic layer are disposed between the two substrates, and the material of the electrochromic layer is prepared by dissolving an indicator into a solvent, and electrons are used to change the valence of ions inside the material, such that a coloration is resulted from reduction and oxidation caused by supplying and removing electrons to the ions respectively, and the electrochromic coloration rate is quicker and more uniform than present existing electrochromic materials. Unlike achromic mechanism that produces a decoloration by the oxidation and reduction of organic electrochromic materials, the electrochromic module and the display device have the advantages of a quick decoloration and a small driving voltage.

Abstract: A 2D/3D display device is provided. The 2D/3D display device includes a flat display device and a parallax barrier panel disposed on a display surface of the flat display device. The parallax barrier panel has a barrier pattern which includes a first electrochromic material layer and a second electrochromic material layer. In a 2D display mode, the barrier pattern, the first electrochromic material layer, and the second electrochromic material layer are transparent. In a 3D stereoscopic display mode, the barrier pattern is non-transmissible. The first electrochromic material layer has a first color, and the second electrochromic material layer has a second color.

Abstract: An electrochromic display device including: a first substrate; first electrodes parallely extending on the first substrate; a second substrate opposite to the first substrate; second electrodes parallely extending in a direction orthogonal to the first electrodes on the second substrate; and an electrochromic composition layer between the substrates, wherein the device is passive-matrix driven to perform a display by energization between the electrodes, and to perform erasing of the display by energization in a reverse direction, a pixel is formed in a portion where the first electrodes sterically intersect with the second electrodes, and metal electrical wires extending over the regions between the second electrodes and the second substrate along the second electrodes, each of metal electrical wires being conductively connected to each of the second electrodes corresponding to any one of the regions, and insulated from each of the second electrodes corresponding to the other regions.

Abstract: In an electrochromic unit and a display device using the electrochromic unit, the electrochromic unit includes a first transparent substrate, a second transparent substrate, and a transparent conductive element and an electrochromic layer formed between the substrates, and electrons are used for changing the valence of ions of an electrochromic material, such that a reduction is resulted by supplying electrons and an oxidation is resulted by removing electrons to change colors, and the electrochromic coloration rate is quicker and more uniform and the driving voltage is smaller than those of the present existing electrochromic materials. A coloration/decoloration electrochromism can be achieved in a different way than the method of applying the dual addition and dual removal of ions and electrons in organic/inorganic electrochromic material.

Abstract: Embodiments include methods and devices for controlling the spectral profile and color gamut of light produced by an interferometric display. Such devices include illuminating a display with selected wavelengths of light. Embodiments also include a display comprising separate sections that output different predetermined colors of light. Other embodiments include methods of making the aforementioned devices.

Abstract: Glazing assembly, comprising in succession: a first rigid substrate (S1), a second rigid substrate (S2), at least one active system (3) comprising at least one film and placed between the substrates (S1 and S2), at least one polymer film (f1) having the function of retaining fragments of the glazing assembly should it break, the said film being placed between the substrate (S1) and the substrate (S2), characterized in that the active system (3) is on the inner face (2) of the substrate (S1).

Abstract: Example embodiments provide an electrochromic device using polyphthalate as an electrochromic material and a process for preparing the same. The electrochromic device in accordance with example embodiments enables the production of a solid nanoscale electrochromic device having a bistability using polyphthalate as an electrochromic material, and easy formation of a red electrochromic layer which was not reported in a conventional art. Accordingly, the electrochromic device of example embodiments can be usefully employed for fabrication of RGB color electrochromic displays.

Abstract: An electrochromic compound represented by the following General Formula (1). A-(CX2)n—B??General Formula (1) In the formula, A is a monovalent binding group, B is a redox chromophore, X is a halogen atom, and n is an integer of 1 or more.

Abstract: Provided are display devices using electrochromism and PDLC and methods of driving the display devices. A display device may include a plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes; a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) layer between the first electrodes and the second electrodes; a plurality of third electrodes and a plurality of fourth electrodes; a plurality of electrochromic layers between the third electrodes and the fourth electrodes; and an electrolyte layer between the third electrodes and the fourth electrodes.

Abstract: A display device is provided. The display device includes a substrate. A first electrode layer is disposed on the substrate. An electrochromic material single layer is disposed on the first electrode layer, wherein the electrochromic material single layer has a plurality of spherical holes inside, and wherein the electrochromic material single layer includes inorganic materials. An electrolytic layer is disposed on the electrochromic material single layer. A second electrode layer is disposed on the electrolytic layer. A power supply is electrically connected to the first and second electrode layers, respectively. The electrochromic material single layer displays red, blue or green colors according to a driving voltage provided by the power supply.

Abstract: Conventional electrochromic devices frequently suffer from poor reliability and poor performance. Improvements are made using entirely solid and inorganic materials. Electrochromic devices are fabricated by forming an ion conducting electronically insulating interfacial region that serves as an IC layer. In some methods, the interfacial region is formed after formation of an electrochromic and a counter electrode layer. The interfacial region contains an ion conducting electronically insulating material along with components of the electrochromic and/or the counter electrode layer. Materials and microstructure of the electrochromic devices provide improvements in performance and reliability over conventional devices.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing an electroactive substrate. The process includes providing a substrate having an oxidant layer on a surface thereof, exposing the surface containing the oxidant layer to a vapour containing an aryl or heteroaryl monomer that is polymerizable to form an electroactive polymer, and polymerizing the aryl or heteroaryl monomer in the presence of a volatile Lewis base to form a polyaryl or polyheteroaryl electroactive polymer film on the surface of the substrate. The invention also provides electroactive substrates formed by the process.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrochromic material including a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 and an electrochromic device including the electrochromic material. In Chemical Formula 1, R1, R2, L1, and L2 are as defined in the detailed description.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an active matrix electrochromic device includes preparing a first substrate including a thin film transistor including a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode, and a pixel electrode electrically connected to the drain electrode. An electrochromic layer is formed on the pixel electrode by an electrophoretic process which includes immersing the first substrate and a mesh spaced apart from each other in a solution. While the first substrate is immersed in the solution so that the pixel electrode is soaked therein, a channel of the thin film transistor is opened by applying a voltage to the gate electrode, a potential difference between the pixel electrode and the mesh is generated by connecting a voltage source between a terminal electrically connected to the source electrode and the mesh, and materials in the solution are deposited on the pixel electrode, thereby forming the electrochromic semiconductor layer.

Abstract: Electrically active, cathodically coloring electrochromic polymers are blended with a non-electrochromic, non-electrically conductive binder polymer to provide an electrochomic composition with greatly enhanced performance in an electrochromic device over time. It is also found that blending an electrochromic polymer with a non-coloring electroactive material allows for greater design in preparing electrochromic devices as it enables the use of a higher amount of typically low coloring anodic materials due to increased need for charge balancing.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes at least one photosensitive element capable of delivering an electrical signal when light of at least one wavelength of the visible spectrum reaches it, and an electrooptic system functioning as an electrochemical shutter. The electrooptic system is located in the path of at least one light ray capable of reaching the photosensitive element and possesses at least one optical property, dependent on electrochemical reaction, that can be modified by an electrical control signal. The optical property is preferably transmission.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrochromic display device which can realize a reduction in color drift in storing images and has excellent memory properties. The electrochromic display device is an active matrix drive-type electrochromic display device containing opposed electrodes, at least one type of a porous layer containing titanium oxide with an electrochromic dye adsorbed thereon, and at least one type of a porous layer containing tin oxide. The active matrix drive-type electrochromic display device is characterized in that the tin oxide-containing porous layer is connected to a pixel circuit used in active matrix drive through one of the opposed electrodes.

Abstract: An electrochromic assembly 32 is disclosed. The assembly comprises: first and second electrodes 22, 24, at least one electrode being transparent; a porous membrane 10 defining a plurality of pores, the membrane having a first refractive index and located between the electrodes 22, 24; an electrolyte filling the pores, the electrolyte having a second refractive index substantially matching the first refractive index, the electrolyte and membrane together forming a substantially transparent electrolytic layer; and at least one electrochromic layer 18 covering at part of the first electrode 22. The membrane 10 is flexible and the spacing between the electrodes 22, 24 is held substantially constant by the membrane 10. The membrane is sealed with sealant 42.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrochromic display device comprising: a first substrate; a first electrode; a second substrate; a second electrode; and an electrochromic composition layer, wherein the device is of a passive matrix drive where the device performs a display by an energization between the electrodes, and performs a erasion of the display, wherein the first electrode comprises electrodes, the second electrode comprises a plurality of transparent display electrodes, a pixel is formed where the electrodes are in a grade separated crossing, at least a surface of the electrodes is respectively oxidized, the electrochromic composition layer comprising (i) insulative partition walls and (ii) an electrochromic composition including a supporting electrolyte, a polar solvent, and a leuco dye, and wherein the device displays a selected pixel by applying a voltage of a first potential difference, and applies the voltage of a second potential difference so as not to cause any energization.

Abstract: An electrochromic device including: (a) a first substantially transparent substrate having an electrically conductive material associated therewith; (b) a second substrate having an electrically conductive material associated therewith; (c) an electrochromic medium contained within a chamber positioned between the first and second substrates which includes: (1) a solvent; (2) an anodic material; and (3) a cathodic material, wherein both of the anodic and cathodic materials are electroactive and at least one of the anodic and cathodic materials is electrochromic; (d) wherein a seal member, the first substrate, the second substrate, and/or the chamber includes a plug associated with a fill port; and (e) wherein the plug is at least partially cured with an antimonate photo initiator and/or is a one- or two-part plug which comprises a resin or mixture of resins that are substantially insoluble and/or substantially immiscible with an associated electrochromic medium while in the uncured state.