Abstract: A light-controlling device is provided. The light-controlling device includes a first substrate, a second substrate disposed opposite the first substrate, and a partition wall separating the first and second substrates to define a cell. An optical medium containing charged particles is disposed within the cell between the first and second substrates. A plurality of first electrodes is disposed on the first substrate, and a plurality of second electrodes is disposed on the second substrate to generate electrical field within the cell to move at least some of the charged particles. Each of the first electrodes has a first width and a first thickness, and each of the second electrodes has a second width and a second thickness. Each of the second electrodes is disposed at an interval of a third width such that the open region on the second substrate between the second electrodes corresponds to the first electrode on the first substrate.

Abstract: Switchable retroreflector devices that are modulated via electrowetting. The devices include an electrically-conductive polar fluid and a non-polar fluid that is immiscible with the polar fluid. The polar and the non-polar fluids differ in at least one optical property. The fluids are contained in a fluid vessel, or an array of fluid vessels. The fluids are at least partially viewable. A voltage source is configured to selectively apply an electromechanical force to the polar fluid causing repositioning and/or geometrical change of the fluids such that retroreflection in created, or suppressed, by optical refraction or by optical attenuation.

Abstract: An active barrier, a method for producing the active barrier, a display apparatus and an active shutter glasses are provided. The active barrier comprises: a first substrate and a second substrate; at least one set of strip electrodes disposed between the first and second substrates, each set of strip electrodes comprising two strip electrodes, two adjacent sets of strip electrodes being separated from each other; and an electrochromism layer and an electrolyte layer disposed in a region defined by the two strip electrodes of each set of strip electrodes between the first and second substrates. For each set of strip electrodes, the electrochromism layer contacts one of the two strip electrodes, and the electrolyte layer contacts at least one of the two strip electrodes.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display apparatus includes a driving substrate, an electrophoretic display medium layer and a color resist layer. The electrophoretic display medium layer is disposed on the driving substrate. The color resist layer is disposed on the electrophoretic display medium layer. The color resist layer includes pixel zones. The pixel zones include a first color zone, a second color zone, a third color zone, a fourth color zone and a vacant zone. The first color one and the third color zone are respectively positioned on two opposite edges of the vacant zone. The second color zone and the fourth color zone are respectively positioned on another two opposite edges of the vacant zone. The first color zone, the second color zone, the third color zone and the fourth color zone have different colors.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for driving a display cell filled with an electrophoretic fluid comprising two types of charged particles carrying opposite charge polarities and of two contrast colors, wherein the two types of pigment particles are dispersed in a solvent of a color or in a solvent with non-charged or slightly charged colored particles dispersed therein. The method comprises driving said display cell to display the color of the solvent or the color of the non-charged or slightly charged colored particles by applying a driving voltage which is about 1 to about 20% of the full driving voltage.

Abstract: An exemplary driving substrate includes a substrate, a plurality of first and second signal transmission lines, a first insulation layer and a plurality of switch devices. The first signal transmission lines are disposed on the substrate, and each includes a first line segment(s) and a first connecting segment(s). The first insulation layer is disposed between each first line segment and each first connecting segment, and each first connecting segment is electrically connected to the adjacent first line segment(s) through an opening(s) of the first insulation layer. The second signal transmission lines are disposed on the substrate and electrically insulated and intersected with the first signal transmission lines thereby defining a plurality of pixel regions on the substrate. The switch devices are respectively disposed in the pixel regions, and each is electrically connected to corresponding first and second signal transmission lines. The driving substrate has better reliability.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a display apparatus includes forming a lower electrode on a lower substrate, forming a partition structure and an ink-injection tube connected to one end of the partition structure, the partition structure including first partitions, and second partitions, and cell regions defined by the first and second partitions, covering the partition structure with an upper electrode, and injecting an electronic ink through the ink-injection tube to fill the cell regions of the partition structure.

Abstract: A device (110, 151, 200) with a viewable surface (201) including a plurality of transparent pedestals (210) having a reflective material (406) disposed on its sides (408) make smudges forming thereon unnoticeable by taking advantage of optical characteristics including contrast and the user's visual acuity. The pedestals (210) generally have a width (412) of less than 50 microns, a height (414) equal to twice the width (412), and a spacing (416) between adjacent pedestals (210) equal to the width (412). The device (110, 151, 200) may be an electronic device, and more particularly a portable electronic device such as a cell phone.

Abstract: This invention relates to polymer particles comprising monomer units of at least one reactive mesogen, a process for their preparation, the use of these particles for the preparation of optical, electrooptical, electronic, electrochemical, electrophotographic, electrowetting and electrophoretic displays and/or devices and security, cosmetic, decorative, and diagnostic applications, and electrophoretic fluids and displays.

Abstract: A method of altering a property of a surface includes suspending a plurality of low surface energy particles in a solvent, agglomerating the suspension of particles, and subjecting the suspension of particle agglomerates to electrophoretic deposition onto a substrate for a predetermined time. The altered surface may be superhydrophilic or superhydrophobic.

Abstract: An image display device includes an image display panel including a plurality of pixels configured to display a 2D image or a 3D image, a driving circuit configured to apply a data voltage in a 2D image format or a data voltage in a 3D image format to the image display panel, a controller configured to control the driving circuit in a 2D mode for displaying the 2D image or in a 3D mode for displaying the 3D image, and a patterned retarder configured to convert light from the image display panel to alternately have a first polarization and a second polarization, wherein each pixel includes first to fourth subpixels, and the data voltage in the 2D image format is applied to the first to third subpixels and a luminance compensation voltage is applied to the fourth subpixel in the 2D mode, while the data voltage in the 3D image format is applied to the first to third subpixels and a dark gray voltage is applied to the fourth subpixel in the 3D mode.

Abstract: The light-controlling device includes a first substrate, a second substrate and a partition wall separating the first and second substrates to define a cell. A light-adjustment medium containing a plurality of charged particles is disposed between the first and second substrates. One of the first electrode on the first substrate and the second electrode on the second substrate covers lesser area of the light-controlling device than the other electrode. The electrode covering lesser area of the light-controlling device may have grooved surface to increase the surface area without increasing the overall area of the light-controlling device covered by the electrode. Particle guidance member can be used to create a reservoir for holding increased amount of charged particles on the electrode covering lesser area of the light-controlling device.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an optical device having a light source, a viscoelastic lightguide and a retroreflective film suitable for retroreflecting light. Light from the light source enters the viscoelastic lightguide and is transported within the lightguide by total internal reflection. The optical device may have a “front lit” configuration such that light being transported within the lightguide is extracted and retroreflected by the film toward a viewer. The optical device may have a “back lit” configuration such that light being transported within the lightguide is extracted and transmitted through the film toward a viewer. The retroreflective film may comprise beaded retroreflective sheeting such as that used in traffic signs and markings.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display includes an electrophoretic layer arranged in each pixel region partitioned by a partition member disposed between a first electrode and a second electrode that are arranged on the inner sides of a pair of substrates. The partition member has bottom portions laminated on the first electrode and partition walls joined to the bottom portions. The partition walls partition the pixel region. The bottom portions each have a protrusion.

Abstract: Discussed are a high efficiency reflector which reflects multiple color light, and a display device which can increase display quality by applying the high efficiency reflector thereto. The reflector includes a first reflective layer pair reflecting red light, a second reflective layer pair reflecting green light, and a third reflective layer pair reflecting blue light. The first to third reflective layer pairs are formed as a plurality of inorganic layers.

Abstract: A pressure-sensitive display medium includes a pair of transparent substrates, sealing members and a display layer. The pair of transparent substrates are opposed to each other with a distance therebetween. The sealing members seal peripheral fringes of the pair of transparent substrates. The display layer in which a composition obtained by infiltrating a fluidic material in a porous member is filled in a closed space enclosed with the pair of transparent substrates and the sealing members. When partial pressure is applied from the outside to one face of the transparent substrates, the fluidic material in the display layer at a position to which the pressure is applied is expelled from the porous member. After the pressure is released, the fluidic material having been expelled returns and flows into the porous member.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrophoretic display comprising a plurality of cells, each of said cells comprises: a) partition walls; b) an electrophoretic fluid filled therein; c) a polymeric sealing layer to enclose the electrophoretic fluid within the cell; and d) an interface between the electrophoretic fluid and the sealing layer.

Abstract: A driving method of a display panel includes the following steps: driving the display panel to display a first image frame and providing display data of a second image frame, and each of the first and the second image frames has a first area and a second area for respectively displaying two different display contents, the positions of the two corresponding first areas overlap, and the positions of the two corresponding second areas overlap; determining whether display content differences exist between the two corresponding first areas, and determining whether display content differences exist between the two corresponding second areas, and driving the area where display content differences exist in the two areas of the first image frame to display a first-color display content when display content differences exist between the two corresponding first areas or the two corresponding second areas. Furthermore, a corresponding electrophoresis display apparatus is also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for driving an electric field driven cell array including a plurality of electric field driven cells, in which each of the electric field driven cells includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third electrode, which are provided on a substrate and insulated from one another, and an actuator movable between the first electrode and the second electrode, the apparatus including, a common voltage supply unit for supplying common voltage, a gate driver for supplying gate voltage, and a data driver for supplying data voltage.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an electrophoretic dispersion, in particular, an electrophoretic dispersion comprising uncharged or lightly charged additive particles for improving bistability of an electrophoretic display. The average diameter of the additive particles is about 1% to about 25% of the average hydrodynamic diameter of the charged pigment particles.

Abstract: Micronized polymers suitable for use in fuels and lubricants having a particle size distribution of less than 30 microns obtained from water-soluble solid organic polymers is provided. A water-soluble solid organic polymer having a number average molecular weight in the range of 1000 to 200,000 is subjected to a molecular segmentation in a polar solvent in a polymer to solvent ratio in the range of 1:1 to 1:10 to produce a micronized polymer having a particle size distribution of less than 30 microns.

Abstract: A color filter substrate includes a transparent substrate and a plurality of color filter patterns. The transparent substrate has an upper surface and a lower surface opposite to each other, and a plurality of containing cavities. The containing cavities extend from the upper surface toward the lower surface and separate from each other. Each containing cavity has a bottom surface. The color filter patterns are disposed on the transparent substrate and located inside the containing cavities, respectively. The color filter patterns contact with the corresponding bottom surfaces, respectively.

Abstract: The disclosure generally relates to a front-lit display having transparent and selectively emissive light directionality. The disclosed semi-retro-reflective, semi-specular and specular displays include directional front light systems that reflect light in a manner to preserve the non-Lambertian characteristic of the light output. This leads to brighter displays with a higher degree of luminance as compared to conventional microencapsulated electrophoretic displays with substantially Lambertian reflectance where much of the light is not reflected back towards the viewer.

Abstract: A display device and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. The display device comprises an upper substrate (103), a lower substrate (104), a solvent (102), and ellipsoids (101), and the solvent (102) and the ellipsoids (101) are provided between the upper substrate (103) and the lower substrate (104). The ellipsoids are configured for forming photonic crystals and have electromagnetic characteristics. By means of photonic crystals formed by the ellipsoids having a shape of oval spheres with a size in order of nanometer or sub-micrometer, the display device can change wavelength of reflected light and present different colors, thus color images can be displayed.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display apparatus includes an array substrate, an opposite substrate facing the array substrate, and an electrophoretic layer disposed between the array substrate and the opposite substrate. The electrophoretic layer includes a non-polar solvent and a plurality of polar particles dispersed in the non-polar solvent. At least one of the array substrate or the opposite substrate includes a plurality of electric field forming electrodes respectively.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display device includes a switching element on a substrate including a display area having a pixel region and a non-display area at a periphery of the display area, a passivation layer covering the switching element, a pixel electrode on the passivation layer and connected to the switching element, an electrophoresis film on the pixel electrode and including an ink layer and a base film, wherein the ink layer includes a plurality of charged particles, and the base film is formed of polyethylene terephthalate, a common electrode for generating an electric field with the pixel electrode to drive the electrophoresis film, and a color filter layer directly on the electrophoresis film, wherein the color filter layer is formed under temperatures of less than 100 degrees of Celsius.

Abstract: The invention provides an autostereoscopic display device in which a light blocking arrangement is provided for selectively blocking light which has or would pass between lenses. Elements are provided between adjacent lens locations, and the display can be configured so that light reaching these elements is either allowed to reach the viewer or is blocked from reaching the viewer. This means that a public (multiple cone) viewing mode can be chosen or a private (single narrow viewing cone) viewing mode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a transflective display device which is high in transmittance, can secure sufficient brightness in display, and can display black. A transflective display device 1 includes a display panel 2 and a backlight 3. The display panel 2 includes a substrate 10 having an electrode 12. a substrate 20 having an electrode 22, and an optical modulation layer 30 containing shape-anisotropic members 32. A frequency of a voltage to be applied to the electrodes 12 and 22 is changed so as to rotate the shape-anisotropic members 32. When the shape-anisotropic members 32 are oriented such that their major axes extend in parallel with one of the substrates on which the shape-anisotropic members 32 abut, multiple reflection of incoming light is caused, and thus black is displayed.

Abstract: Particles for display include a copolymer that contains at least, as copolymer constituents, a reactive compound containing a silicone chain or an alkyl chain and a vinyl compound represented by Formula (1), wherein a content of the reactive compound containing a silicone chain or an alkyl chain is 3.0% by weight or less with respect to the weight of the particles: ArH2C?CH2)n??Formula (1) wherein in Formula (1), Ar represents an unsubstituted aromatic ring or an aromatic ring that is substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and n represents an integer from 1 to 4.

Abstract: A display unit includes: a first substrate; a second substrate facing the first substrate; a display layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate and allowed to control light transmission or light reflection; and a seal layer including an additive and provided between the first substrate and the display layer.

Abstract: An electrophoresis particle of the embodiment includes a mother particle and a covering layer which covers at least a part of the mother particle, wherein the covering layer includes a shell which is consisted of an organic polymer and which cellulary engulfs the mother particle and a polymer which is bonded on the surface of the shell and the polymer is one that a monomer has been polymerized using living radical polymerization, setting the polymerization initiating group as the starting point.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provides an electrophoretic display device, comprising: a first substrate and a second substrate, wherein electrophoretic liquid is filled between the first substrate and the second substrate; at an inner surface of the second substrate, there are formed with a plurality of cavities, each of the cavities accommodating one full-color display ball therein; at least two magnetic elements are disposed on the inner surface of the cavity, and one magnetic element is disposed at each of two poles of the full-color display ball. The electrophoretic display device provided by the embodiment of the present invention can achieve better color display.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a variety of designs of piezo electrophoretic displays which may be driven without connecting to a power source. The piezo-electrophoretic display comprises an electrophoretic layer, a conductor layer, and a layer of piezo material. The processes for manufacturing the piezo electrophoretic displays are also provided.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a colored liquid with superior separability from polar solvents for use with an electrowetting or electrofluidic device that uses a coloring agent added as a colorant to a nonpolar solvent. A colored liquid according to the present invention contains a nonpolar solvent and a colorant, and the colorant is a modified pigment containing a pigment (A) and a polymer (P) formed on a surface thereof by polymerizing a polymer (B) soluble in a nonaqueous solvent and at least one polymerizable unsaturated monomer (C) that is soluble in the nonaqueous solvent and that becomes insoluble or poorly soluble in the nonaqueous solvent after polymerization. A multi-phase liquid colored composition according to the present invention contains the colored liquid and a polar solvent immiscible with the colored liquid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophoretic particle that includes: a core part including an inorganic particle; a shell layer formed on the core part; and a protective layer formed on the shell layer, a method of producing the electrophoretic particle, and an electrophoretic display device including the electrophoretic particle.

Abstract: An electro-optic display includes an electro-optic medium, a pixel electrode for applying an electric field to the medium and a column electrode associated with the pixel electrode. To reduce power consumption, when it is necessary to change the voltage on the column electrode from a first value to a second value to change the optical state of the electro-optic medium, the column electrode voltage is first changed to a third value intermediate the first and second values to permit charge to flow to or from the column electrode, and thereafter the column electrode voltage is changed from the third voltage to the second voltage.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display apparatus includes a driving substrate, an electrophoretic display medium layer and a color resist layer. The electrophoretic display medium layer is disposed on the driving substrate. The color resist layer is disposed on the electrophoretic display medium layer. The color resist layer includes pixel zones. The pixel zones include a first color zone, a second color zone, a third color zone, a fourth color zone and a vacant zone. The first color one and the third color zone are respectively positioned on two opposite edges of the vacant zone. The second color zone and the fourth color zone are respectively positioned on another two opposite edges of the vacant zone. The first color zone, the second color zone, the third color zone and the fourth color zone have different colors.

Abstract: Pigment-based inks are provided. The inks include a non-polar carrier fluid and pigment particles suspended in the non-polar carrier fluid. The pigment particles have tri-block copolymer grafts. Each tri-block copolymer graft comprises a tri-block copolymer having three portions: an inner block attached to the pigment particle, a middle block, and an outer block, wherein the inner and outer blocks each contain bulky organic groups to help facilitate solubility of the functionalized polymers in the non-polar solvent and to provide steric stabilization of the resulting particle dispersion in the non-polar solvent, and wherein the middle block contains either acidic or basic functionalized side groups that facilitate charging of the pigment particle. A combination of an electronic display and an electronic ink employing the pigment and a process for making the pigment-based inks are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a color display device wherein each of the display cells is filled with an electrophoretic fluid comprising two types of charged pigment particles dispersed in a colored medium. Multiple colors of high quality may be achieved by the present invention.

Abstract: Electrophoretic displays use motion of particles through a fluid to generate images. This invention describes the use of concerted motion of particles together with the solvent to generate optical switching.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems, methods, and apparatus for forming low emissivity panels that may include a first substrate. The first substrate may have a first side and a second side. The low emissivity panels may also include a magnetic fluid layer deposited over the first side of the first substrate and a reflective layer deposited over the second side of the first substrate. The magnetic fluid layer may include magnetic particles. The reflective layer may include a conductive material configured to conduct an electrical current and generate a magnetic field. The magnetic field may be configured to change an orientation of the magnetic particles in the magnetic fluid layer and a transmissivity of the magnetic fluid layer within a visible spectrum. The low emissivity panels may also include a first bus and a second bus deposited along opposite edges of the reflective layer and electrically connected to the reflective layer.

Abstract: A reflective display apparatus including at least one front-light module, a first frame, a first liquid, and a display unit is provided. The at least one front-light module includes a light source and a light guide plate. The light source is adapted for providing an illumination beam. The first frame connects with the light guide plate of the at least one front-light module. The display unit, the first frame, the at least one front-light module form a first containing space and the first liquid is injected into the first containing space. Besides, a manufacturing method of the reflective display apparatus is also provided.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus includes a retroreflector pixel that includes multiple retroreflector sub-pixels. Each retroreflector sub-pixel includes a reflective surface configured to reflect incident light. Each retroreflector sub-pixel also includes a filter element configured to filter out from the incident light an electrically-controllable amount of light over a particular wavelength range. The filter element may utilize an electrophoretic technique based on charged particles, an electrowetting technique based on a dyed fluid, or an evanescent-wave coupling technique. The apparatus may include a controller communicably coupled to the retroreflector pixel and operable to control the filter element of each retroreflector sub-pixel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solution for a highlight or multicolor display device, in which each display cell can display high quality color states. More specifically, an electrophoretic fluid is provided which comprises three types of charged particles and a fourth type of particles which is substantially uncharged neutral buoyancy particles, all of which are dispersed in a solvent or solvent mixture.

Abstract: An e-paper printing system comprising a set of electrodes comprising a number of electrodes to erase a portion of e-paper as the e-paper moves relative to the set of electrodes in which the set of electrodes causes a first electric field to be applied to the e-paper with a magnitude of the first electric field increasing at a first rate sufficiently high to cause the erasure of the portion of the e-paper, and causes a second electric field to be applied to the e-paper with a magnitude of the second electric field decreasing at a second rate that is sufficiently low to preserve the erasure of the portion of the e-paper.

Abstract: A method updates an image displayed on an electronic display. The image can include a first region having multiple lines and a second region also having multiple lines. The method includes driving the pixels of the first and second regions according to one or more frames. In a first frame, driving the pixels of the first and second regions is done by scanning the lines of the regions from a first end of the first region to a second end of the second region, the second end opposite the first end along a scanning direction. In a second frame, driving the pixels of the first and second regions is done by scanning the lines of the regions from the first end to the second end, and the scanning begins before the scanning according to the first frame reaches the second end.

Abstract: An electrophoresis display apparatus of this disclosure is provided with a pair of substrates, an electrophoresis layer including electrophoresis particles and a dispersion medium in which the electrophoresis particles are dispersed, a barrier wall which is arranged between the pair of substrates and divides a cell in which the electrophoresis layer is arranged, and a sealing member which seals the electrophoresis layer arranged in the cell, in which the sealing member includes a first layer and a second layer laminated on the first layer, and in which the electric resistance of the second layer is lower than that of the first layer.

Abstract: An electro-optical apparatus including a first substrate, a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate, a display medium layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a first electrode disposed between the first substrate and the display medium layer, a second electrode disposed between the first substrate and the display medium layer and separated from the first electrode and a third electrode disposed between the display medium layer and the second substrate is provided. The display medium layer includes electrophoretic fluid and charged particles mixed into the electrophoretic fluid. Moreover, driving methods used to drive the electro-optical apparatus and another electro-optical apparatus are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved method for sealing microcells. More specifically, the invention is directed to the formation of covalent bonding between a sealing layer and a microcell structure. A microcell-based display device, formed according to the present invention, has a strong adhesion between the sealing layer and partition walls in the microcell structure which can prevent defects and significantly improve reliability of the device.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to a reflective type display apparatus using dielectrophoresis and a method of manufacturing the reflective type display apparatus. The display apparatus may include a first substrate and a second substrate arranged so as to face each other; a hydrophobic insulating layer formed on the first substrate; a hydrophobic pattern electrode unit arranged to form a non-uniform electric field; a hydrophilic dielectric medium with hydrophobic uncharged particles therein in a space between the first substrate and the second substrate; and a reflective plate arranged under the first substrate. The display apparatus may form an image by using dielectrophoresis of the hydrophobic uncharged particles according to an electric field gradient formed by the hydrophobic pattern electrode unit.