Abstract: A stereomicroscope includes a first beam path and a second beam path, wherein in the first beam path a first telescope system is provided and in the second beam path a second telescope system is provided. An observation unit comprising a first and a second observation unit is also provided. At least one optical element of the first telescope system compared to at least one corresponding optical element of the second telescope system has a different optically effective diameter. Between the first telescope system and the second telescope system and the first and the second observation units a prism group is provided which can be moved in the beam path of the first telescope system with the larger diameter of the entrance pupil.

Abstract: A microscopy system method for inspecting a retina of an eye including generating an inverted intermediate image of the retina using an opthalmoscopic lens; detecting a left image of the intermediate image from a left viewing direction and detecting a right image of the intermediate image from a right viewing direction; and displaying an inverted representation of the detected left image to a right eye of a user and displaying an inverted representation of the detected right image to a left eye of the user.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an objective for telescope-type stereomicroscopes with magnification that can be adjusted at post-magnification systems. The objective, which comprises two lens groups LG1 and LG2, satisfies the two conditions DAP?42 mm, and tan(?)?0.16, where DAP is the diameter of the exit pupil and ? is the field angle of the objective at the lowest possible magnification setting. When this condition is met, the optical axis of the objective lies midway between the center lines of the two post-magnification systems. In preferred constructions, the total focal length f?objective of the objective is between 40 mm and 160 mm, and the relationship of the focal length f?LG2 of the second lens group LG2 to the total focal length f?objective is expressed by 0.1?1.8723/f?objective?1/f?LG2?0.2?1.8723/f?objective.

Abstract: A transmission illumination apparatus for a microscope has an optically transparent sample mount plate on which a sample is mounted, a surface light source that projects substantially uniform illumination light toward the sample mount plate, and a light orientation member that restricts diffusion of the illumination light in relation to at least one direction.

Abstract: A lens, an apparatus, and a system, as well as a method and article, may operate to receive a plurality of left-eye rays through a first plurality of separating facets of a lens at an image-acquisition plane, and to receive a plurality of right-eye rays through a second plurality of separating facets of the lens at the image-acquisition plane. Data acquired from the image plane may be used to construct a stereoscopic image, including a moving, panoramic stereoscopic images. Lenses, image-capture devices, and projectors may be implemented that operate using three or more viewpoints.

Abstract: An assistant microscope as an add-on device for a surgical microscope (1) comprises at least one objective (22) that is inclined relative to an object plane (10) with an object field (10?), in which the objective defines an objective plane (22?) and an objective axis (16?) perpendicular thereto forming an angle ? of larger than 0° to the surface normal of the object plane (10). The light microscope further comprises a tube (23) and at least one eyepiece (24) having at least one eyepiece lens (27) which defines an eyepiece plane (27?) and an eyepiece axis (35) arranged perpendicular thereto. Due to the oblique viewing angle onto the object plane (10), an intermediate image plane (26) to be imaged by the eyepiece (24) is inclined relative to the objective plane (22?), on a conventional microscope it no longer corresponds to the nominal intermediate image plane.

Abstract: A surgical observation system provided with a supporting arm movable in the three-dimensional direction includes an endoscope objective unit having a tubular insertion section and provided with objective optical systems, a microscope objective unit provided with objective optical systems having a focusing optical system and variable magnification optical systems, and a mounting and dismounting section provided in the supporting arm, mountable and dismountable with respect to the objective units by having interchangeability.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a microscope with at least one optical element (21a, 21b) for optional deflection and/or splitting of a beam path passing through the microscope, wherein the at least one optical element (21a, 21b) is fashioned as a micro-mirror array (80) having a number of individually controllable and adjustable micro-mirrors (82).

Abstract: Stereoscopic microscope comprising an optical inverter system (21a, 21b) for erecting a pseudo-stereoscopic image and reversing the viewing beams thereof, wherein the inverter system comprises at least one deflector element (21a, 21b) having a focal power.

Abstract: A microscopy system method for inspecting a retina of an eye including generating an inverted intermediate image of the retina using an ophthalmoscopic lens; detecting a left image of the intermediate image from a left viewing direction and detecting a right image of the intermediate image from a right viewing direction; and displaying an inverted representation of the detected left image to a right eye of a user and displaying an inverted representation of the detected right image to a left eye of the user.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an objective, particularly for telescope-type stereomicroscopes. The objective comprises two lens groups, a first lens group and a second lens group. The first lens group, which faces the object plane, has a positive refractive power and comprises a plurality of lenses of which at least two form a cemented component. The second lens group, which is on the image side, has a negative refractive power and comprises a collecting cemented component and a diverging lens. The objective is characterized in that the following conditions B1 and B2 are met: 46.5<DAP?60 and??B1 0.16?tan ?1,??B2 where DAP represents the diameter of the exit pupil of the objective and ?1 represents the maximum field angle.

Abstract: A changing device (60) for an optical examination device, for example a microscope, comprising two beam paths (61.1, 61.2) for a first optical image, and a changing optics (21) which is rotatably arranged in the changing device and is, for example, a Galilei magnification changer having at least two, here three pairs of beam paths (35.1, 35.2 and 45.1, 45.2 and 55.1, 55.2, respectively) which can optionally be switched into the beam paths (61.1, 61.2) of the changing device by rotating the changing optics. In accordance with the invention, the changing optics (21) comprises for each pair of beam paths at least one, here two additional beam paths (36.1, 36.2 and 46.2, 46.2 and 56.1, 56.2, respectively), assigned to the respective pair of beam paths, and the changing device (60) likewise comprises at least one, here likewise two additional beam paths (61.3, 61.4).

Abstract: An autostereoscopic multi-user display comprising a sweet-spot unit which is directionally controlled by a tracking and image control device (160), wherein an illumination matrix (120) is provided with separately activatable illuminating elements (11 . . . 56), in addition to an imaging device used to alternatingly image active illuminating elements, for making expanded sweet spots (SR1/SR2) visible to various eye positions (EL1/ER1, EL2/ER2) of viewers observing alternating images or a stereoscopic image sequence on a transmissive image matrix (140) with the aid of directed beams (B1R . . . B5L).

Abstract: The invention relates to a microscope or stereomicroscope for representing an object that can be placed on an object plane (1) of the stereomicroscope, the latter providing at least one pair of optical paths (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) and comprising at least one deflection element with a reflecting surface (3; 3?) and a representation system (26; 26*; 26**; 26?) containing several optical elements. The optical elements comprise a plurality of lenses (4-8, 11, 13, 14, 16?-21?, 16?-21?, 16??-21?? 16??-21??). In addition, the optical elements are configured in such a way, that pupil planes (27a, 27b) of the optical representation paths (2a, 2b) intersect the reflecting surface (3; 3?) of the deflection element or am located at a distance (S, S?; S*, S*?) form said reflecting surface (3; 3?). The distance (S, S?; S*, S*?) is less than 1.5 times, in particular less than 1.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an objective for telescope-type stereomicroscopes with magnification that can be adjusted at post-magnification systems. The objective, which comprises two lens groups LG1 and LG2, satisfies the two conditions DAP?42 mm, and tan(?)?0.16, where DAP is the diameter of the exit pupil and ? is the field angle of the objective at the lowest possible magnification setting. When this condition is met, the optical axis of the objective lies midway between the center lines of the two post-magnification systems. In preferred constructions, the total focal length f?objective of the objective is between 40 mm and 160 mm, and the relationship of the focal length f?LG2 of the second lens group LG2 to the total focal length f?objective is expressed by 0.1?1.8723/f?objective?1/f?LG2?0.2?1.8723/f?objective.

Abstract: The invention relates to optics comprising adjustable optical elements and, if desired, lenses of fixed focal lens. By use of an appropriate controller for the adjustable optical elements, characteristics of the optics can be advantageously varied. For this purpose, systems are provided which are suitable for use as surgical stereo-microscope, objective, ocular or zoom. A zoomable imaging optics comprises lenses and of variable optical power, which are oppositely controlled by means of a controller to change an imaging ratio, so that the optical power of the one lens is increased and the optical power of the other lens is decreased. Moreover, the imaging optics may comprise still further assemblies of fixed optical power.

Abstract: A stereoscopic display device is provided. The stereoscopic display device includes an optical waveguide member and a first main surface and a second main surface. The first and second main surfaces face each other. A first light path changing member is provided on at least one of the first and second main surfaces, and is operative to change the path of light guided by the optical waveguide member. A second light path changing member is provided on at least one of the first and second main surfaces, and is operative to change the path of the light guided by the optical waveguide member. A reflector body is disposed so as to face the second main surface and reflects the light emitted from the second light path changing member to the first main surface.

Abstract: A stereomicroscope includes a first beam path and a second beam path, wherein in the first beam path a first telescope system is provided and in the second beam path a second telescope system is provided. An observation unit comprising a first and a second observation unit is also provided. At least one optical element of the first telescope system compared to at least one corresponding optical element of the second telescope system has a different optically effective diameter. Between the first telescope system and the second telescope system and the first and the second observation units a prism group is provided which can be moved in the beam path of the first telescope system with the larger diameter of the entrance pupil.

Abstract: An observation device including an intermediate tube that houses two relay optical systems and an image rotator, each relay optical system having an exit axis that is substantially parallel to the exit axis of the other relay optical system, and an ocular tube that houses two image formation optical systems and two eyepiece optical systems. The intermediate optical tube has a connecting portion that connects to a connector at the top of a stereoscopic microscope body at one end and is rotatably connected to the ocular tube at the other end, the ocular tube is extendable from, and collapsible into, the intermediate tube over a movement range in the direction of the exit optical axes of the pair of relay optical systems, and exit pupils of the pair of relay optical systems are arranged near a middle position of the range of movement of the ocular tube.

Abstract: A trinocular tube for stereo microscopes with an inclined binocular eyepiece whose angle can be adjusted and with two stereo microscope beam paths. The trinocular tube includes, in the beam paths, a first tube unit which can be connected to the body of the stereo microscope. A connection piece for cameras is arranged at the first tube unit. A second tube unit is arranged at the first tube unit so as to be swivelable around an axis and which is connected to an eyepiece tube unit that is swivelable around the optical axis of the respective beam path. The trinocular tube also includes a roof mirror, a deflecting element and an optical axis that is swivelable around a second swiveling axis.

Abstract: An optical magnification device for varying the distance between an observer's eye (1) and an object (7), e.g., for a binocular magnifier or a microscope, in which focusing onto the object (7) is accomplished by means of progressive lenses (3) displaceable perpendicular to the observation beam(s) (2).

Abstract: The invention concerns an illumination apparatus for an optical observation device (10), in particular a stereomicroscope or a stereo surgical microscope. A multi-armed light guide with coupler (2) mixes colored light emitted by light-emitting diodes (1a–c) to yield white mixed light (15).

Abstract: Stereomicroscope having an objective (2) and a zoom system (7) downstream of the objective, while between the objective (2) and the zoom system (7) is provided a deflector element (5) for deflecting observation beams emerging from the objective (2) into corresponding magnification or observation channels of the zoom system (7), characterised in that the zoom system (7) comprises at least three substantially horizontally extending magnification or observation channels (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d).

Abstract: The invention concerns a stereomicroscope (1) for magnifying an object (T), having at least one zoom (22) through which, in the operating state, an object beam (K1) emitted from the object (T) is directed, the stereomicroscope (1) comprising a first deflection device (P4), arranged physically behind (after) the zoom (22) in the light path, for deflecting the light beam directed through the zoom (22) into a direction (A3) that deviates by less than 45° from the direction opposite to the object beam (K1). The light beam (A1) directed through the zoom (22) is advantageously deflected substantially into the direction opposite to the object beam (K1).

Abstract: A stereomicroscopy system and method for generating at least a pair of representations of an object 7 for observation a user 9 are provided, comprising a detection system 15 for providing radiation data corresponding to detected radiation emanating from a region 17 of the object, a position detection apparatus 29 for detecting a position of the user, a location determination device 23 for determining a first and a second location in an object coordinate system 25, an image data generation device 23 for generating image data from the radiation data for a first representation and a second representation representing the region of the object viewed from the first and second locations, respectively, and a display apparatus 75 for displaying the first representation for a left eye of the user and for displaying the second representation for a right eye of the user as a function of the image data.

Abstract: A microscopy system and method provides functionalities for a user which are controllable by the user by displacing a body portion of the user. The functionalities comprise displacing a portion of a support mounting the microscopy optics and adjusting a stereo base for generating stereoscopic representations of an object.

Abstract: A dual stereo-compound microscope that is enabled to change between stereoscopic observation and compound observation while illuminating a sample with illumination. While shifting between a stereoscopic view and a compound view, the sample being viewed remains parcenter and parfocal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a stereo microscope, which as a microscope used for operations comprises a viewing output for a surgeon (41) and at least one additional viewing output for an assistant (40). The stereo microscope is characterized by shutters (17a to 20b) for selectively screening off object information.

Abstract: Binocular luminous fluxes are formed by an objective lens and a pair of relay lenses and go through a splitting optical system, which allows an assistant to observe the same stereoscopic view as the surgeon by using an assistant's binocular eyepiece optical system at a location across from the surgeon via a splitting optical system. Part of at least one of the binocular luminous fluxes is incident on a pupil splitting optical system, forming a binocular luminous flux that has undergone pupil splitting, which allows stereoscopic observation by pupil splitting even when the assistant's binocular eyepiece optical system is rotated to the surgeon's side.

Abstract: A stereoscopic microscope is disclosed that includes an objective lens which substantially collimates light from an object of interest, left and right afocal zooming systems, left and right afocal relay systems, and an ocular tube optical system which forms magnified images of the object. The optical axis of the objective lens is substantially normal to a plane that includes the optical axes of the left and right afocal zooming systems, a beam splitter is arranged in each optical path between the left and right afocal zooming systems and said ocular tube optical system, and in each optical path between the left and right afocal zooming systems and the ocular tube optical system, there is at least one region between the beam splitter and the ocular tube optical system where the optical axes of light fluxes from an observation object point intersect. Preferably, there are additional regions of intersecting light.

Abstract: A first image-forming optical system that receives a beam of light from an objective forms a first image forming point. The first image-forming optical system forms the beam of light into a first optical image at the first image-forming point and relays the first optical image. A second image-forming optical system is provided to form an image of a monitor near the first image-forming point, and the image is relayed by the first image-forming optical system. A third image-forming optical system is arranged in the first image-forming optical system to form a second image-forming point. The third image-forming optical system forms a second optical images at the second image-forming point and guide the optical image to an eyepiece lens.

Abstract: This new automatic bio-manipulation factory system for manipulating a single cell comprises: a bio-MEMS that transports, separates, and extracts a single cell for manipulation from a plurality of cells, controls the rotation-orientation of the extracted cell automatically, and enables the extracted cell to maintain a certain temperature; and a micro manipulation system that obtains vision information and manipulation information about the extracted single cell and the manipulation tool, provides such information to operator, manipulates the extracted single cell by transmitting the rotation-orientation feedback information and the cell manipulation order of the operator to the bio-MEMS, and manipulates the manipulation tool by transmitting the tool manipulation order of the operator to the manipulation tool. The conventional manual and individualized single cell manipulation can be automated and processed collectively by systematically combining the bio-MEMS with the micro manipulation system.

Abstract: Tomographic methods and device for obtaining images of microscopic specimens such as Pap smears.

Abstract: A dual stereo-compound microscope that is enabled to change between stereoscopic observation and compound observation while illuminating a sample with illumination. While shifting between a stereoscopic view and a compound view, the sample being viewed remains parcenter and parfocal.

Abstract: A vehicle intrusion detection system (10) for detecting an intrusion condition of a vehicle (12) having an occupant compartment (14) partially defined by an outer structure (30) of the vehicle, comprises an actuatable illuminator (40) mounted in the vehicle and having a limited field of illumination (52) extending within the vehicle occupant compartment adjacent the vehicle outer structure. A linear imager (60) mounted in the vehicle (12) has a field of view (62) that substantially coincides with the field of illumination (52) of the illuminator (40). A controller (70) compares a first image taken by the imager (60) when the illuminator (40) is actuated and a second image taken by the imager when the illuminator is unactuated to help determine the existence of an intrusion condition of the vehicle.

Abstract: A microscope objective that comprises an objective housing and contains several lens elements, at least one lens element being arranged displaceably in motor-driven fashion within the objective housing, is disclosed. A microscope and a method for imaging a specimen are additionally disclosed.

Abstract: An arrangement for generating a stereoscopic image of an object for viewing by an observer includes an imaging optic for imaging the object and defining an imaging beam path as well as an entry pupil and an exit pupil. Illuminating optics illuminate the object by providing an imaging beam coming from the object and passing through the imaging optic and along the imaging beam path. The imaging beam is sectioned in the imaging beam path into two component beams at one of the following locations: in the exit pupil, near the exit pupil or at a position along the imaging beam path which is optically conjugated to the exit pupil, thereby forming stereoscopic sectioned images. The stereoscopic section images are allocated in a clocked manner to the left and the right eyes of the observer. The invention is also directed to a method of generating a stereoscopic image of the object.

Abstract: A microscope is disclosed in which a specimen is arranged between two objectives and can be observed with reflected light as well as with transmitted light. In a microscope with field transmission, two objectives have substantially identical optical characteristics and at least one of the two objectives is followed by a mirror which reflects the light transmitted through the specimen back into itself exactly. In this way, there is twofold transmission through the specimen with optimum illumination of the solid angle. In a laser scanning microscope, there are likewise two objectives with substantially identical optical characteristics and at least one of the objectives is followed by a phase-conjugating or adaptive mirror.

Abstract: Illumination arrangement for a stereo microscope, preferably a Greenough type stereo microscope, comprising at least one, preferably two illumination channels which are arranged in a plane which is arranged essentially orthogonally with respect to the plane of the two observation channels, preferably with two light channels in the interior of the microscope housing outside of the observation beam paths, wherein the light channels are guided around the observation optics.

Abstract: Stereoscopic imaging apparatus and method capable of simultaneously imaging the stereoscopic images while an object is viewed from different points so as to accurately measure the distance of the object. The stereoscopic imaging apparatus includes: an optical image forming unit having a single optical axis, which image-forms the object; a light receiving unit in which a plurality of light receiving elements are arranged; a light passing portion; an imaging unit which simultaneously images both a first image that image-forms the object after passing through the first opening and a second image that image-forms the object after passing through the second opening, on the light receiving unit; and a distance calculating unit which calculates a distance between the optical image forming unit and the object.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus is provided that includes a liquid crystal display device having two polarizing filter arranged on opposite sides of a light modulating unit. The liquid crystal display apparatus also includes a back light on the back side of the liquid crystal display device, two eye polarizing filters fixedly mounted on the back light, an infrared LED arranged on the front side of the liquid crystal display device for illuminating the light on the head of a viewer, and light receiving devices deposed at a present spacing from the front sides of the two eye polarizing filter unit. Moreover, the liquid crystal display apparatus includes a position control unit for processing and comparing the volumes of the light by the light receiving devices to control the position of the back light in the left-and-right direction.

Abstract: A light microscope illuminator with a light source off the conjugate objective aperture allowing light beam shaping and modifying devices to be located at the conjugate objective aperture.

Abstract: The invention relates to an autostereoscopic method and a device for the three-dimensional representation of information according to a barrier-, lenticular-, prismatic mask-, or similar method using flat-panel displays (liquid crystal-, plasma-, electroluminescent- or other displays) for use in the computer and video technology, games and advertising, medical engineering, virtual reality applications, and other fields. According to the invention, the image points are proportionally tracked to lateral movement of the observer by shifting, for each colored subpixel, of the intensities of the colored subpixels to horizontally adjacent colored subpixels. The method can be used with known devices. It becomes especially useful when, for each image point, n+1 adjacent colored subpixels are addressed. Observers moving sideways continue to see the image in practically consistently high quality.

Abstract: Stereomicroscope having an objective (2) and a zoom system (7) downstream of the objective, while between the objective (2) and the zoom system (7) is provided a deflector element (5) for deflecting observation beams emerging from the objective (2) into corresponding magnification or observation channels of the zoom system (7), characterised in that the zoom system (7) comprises at least three substantially horizontally extending magnification or observation channels (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d).

Abstract: A stereo microscope includes two oculars mounted at one end of a housing and an objective lens mounted at an opposite end of the housing. Between the opposite ends of the housing is a rotatably mounted lens magnification changer with three series of bores extending diametrically therethrough. For each ocular, a line of sight extends to a prism assembly, through one of the bores of a series which contains a lens assembly and through the objective lens. Both lines of sight lie in a common plane. A LED light source is located adjacent the objective lens. Light entering through the objective lens and one of the series of bores in the lens magnification changer is received by a digital camera.

Abstract: Graded index lenses, methods, and devices are disclosed. In certain embodiments, he lenses are made from generally cylindrical glass members having a radially varying refractive index and have a pitch less than about 0.23. Other embodiments relate to graded index lenses having a pitch between about 0.23 and 0.25 and an index gradient less than or equal to 0.3.

Abstract: A stereo-examination system for imaging an object 8 is proposed, comprising an objective arrangement 3 having an optical axis 5 and an object plane 7 for positioning the object 8 to be imaged, wherein the objective arrangement 3 receives an object-side beam bundle 11 emanating from the object plane 7 into a solid angle region 9 and converts the same into an image-side beam bundle 13, a selection arrangement for selecting at least a pair of partial beam bundles 19, 20 from the image-side beam bundle 13, and an image transmission apparatus 51, 52 for generating a representation of images of the object 8 provided by the partial beam bundles 19, 20.

Abstract: Stereomicroscope, particularly a mono-objective stereomicroscope, having an objective changer (2), particularly a revolving objective holder, accommodating at least two objectives (4, 6), wherein by actuating the objective changer (2) the optical axes (4a, 6a) of the objectives (4, 6) can be selectively moved, particularly rotated, into an operative position of the objective, wherein the objective changer (2) comprises a device (3) for rigidly fixing at least one objective (6) in a direction parallel to the optical axis (6a) thereof, and an adjustment device (12, 2a) for adjustably fixing and securing at least one other objective (4) in a direction parallel to its optical axis (4a).

Abstract: The invention relates to an objective (2) for stereomicroscopes of the telescope type which comprises three optical assemblies (G1, G2, G3), the first assembly (G1) being arranged towards the object side and the third assembly (G3) being arranged towards a magnification changer (3L, 3R). The proposed objective (2) meets the conditions 0.44≦ENP/F≦0.6, where ENP denotes the diameter of the entry pupil of the magnification changer (3L, 3R) at the maximum magnification and F denotes the focal length of the objective (2), and tan(w1)≧0.16, where w1 denotes the maximum field angle of the objective (2) at the lowest magnification of the magnification changer (3L, 3R). The proposed objective (2) makes it possible to use a stereomicroscope with maximum resolution and a field of vision which is adapted to the full range of magnifications of the microscope.

Abstract: A viewing tube for an optical device and in particular for a microscope is described, in which there are provided in the beam path of the viewing tube beam splitters that deflect a portion of the light out to a simultaneous observation tube and/or to an imaging or recording unit, or reflect light from a display and/or processing unit into the beam path. In each beam path of the viewing tube there is provided only one beam splitter, which is rotatable about the optical axis of the respective beam path and always remains in the working position in the beam path. The respective beam splitter, depending upon its rotational position, deflects the reflected-out portion of the light into the corresponding beam path of the simultaneous observation tube or of the imaging or recording unit, or couples light into the beam path of the viewing tube.